5.3 Human Environment
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phyto-micro-benthos. It is also important to recognise that mangroves offer physical structural complexity and as such have a refuge function as well, particularly for juvenile fish Chong et al 1990 /89/ in a comparison of the fish and prawn communities of coastal mangroves with adjacent and inshore waters of the Klang Strait concluded that, while mangroves provide both food and shelter for juvenile prawn and fish, the coastal systems (mangroves and mudflats combined) were utilised by some 34 species of fish from offshore waters for foraging. Another example that provides evidence of the close link between estuarine and coastal mangroves, and adjacent coastal waters is a case study for peninsular Malaysia presented by Blaber et al 2000 /90/. They cite the work of Chong et al 1990, 1998 and others that shows that trawling for prawns in shallow nearshore areas leads to over exploitation off offshore fisheries because of diminished recruitment, as a large portion of the inshore trawl catch was young fishes two to four times the weight of prawns caught. 5.3 Human Environment The project is located along the northern shoreline of the State of Malacca near the rivermouth of Sg. Linggi. Administratively, the project is within Mukim Kuala Linggi, District of Alor Gajah. However, the EIA study area, which extends 5 km from the project site, also falls within Mukim Pasir Panjang, Negeri Sembilan and Mukim Kuala Baru, Malacca. This section provides an overview of the population, economic activities and land and sea- uses pertinent to the study area to provide the social context for evaluating the impacts of the project on the human environment. This is based on existing data and studies, supplemented by a detailed socioeconomic survey carried out in the study area. 5.3.1 Data Collection and Sources As described in Chapter 1, the EIA study boundary for the human environment component is a 5 km radius from the project boundary. Information concerning the study area was sought from published and unpublished reports on the human environment in the study area and from primary data collected from social surveys. The socioeconomic surveys were carried out in February and March 2016 and are described further in the following sections with full details provided in Appendix F. Land traffic surveys were carried out in May 2015 (see Appendix M), while the landuse survey was conducted in January 2016 (see Appendix C). The assessment of the human environment in this section is divided into the following components: Settlements; Land use; Socioeconomic profile; Fisheries and aquaculture; Tourism and heritage; Public health status; Public perception of the project; Land traffic; and Marine traffic and navigation. 5.3.1.1 Socio-economic Survey Methodology A brief summary of the socio-economic survey approach is provided here in order to provide background to the results presented in the subsequent sections. For further detail, refer to Appendix F. 5-146 62801230-RPT-02 Existing Environment The socioeconomic survey begins with the household listing method in which primary data is collected by listing all activities and communities within 5 km of the project using a listing form. Subsequently, every household (1055 households) within the 5 km radius was visited by the enumerators. The enumerators were able to interview 692 households (which is a sample size of 66%). After the listing survey, an opinion and perception household survey was then conducted using a systematic sampling method using a sampling interval of four; meaning every 4th house is chosen to participate in the survey. A total of 263 households were approached but only 259 households agreed to be interviewed. This represents a total of 25% sample size from total households. The study area encompasses the Alor Gajah District, Mukim Kuala Linggi and Mukim Sungei Baru, i.e. Kampung Kuala Linggi, Kampung Tanjung Dahan and Kampung Tengah. This study also includes Kampung Tanjung Agas, Kampung Sungai Raya, Kampung Bukit Tembok and Kampung Telok in Mukim Pasir Panjang, Negeri Sembilan (Figure 5.94). Focus group discussions were conducted in four sessions with fishermen communities in both Malacca and Negeri Sembilan. Two general stakeholder meetings/public dialogues were also conducted in Malacca. Interviews with community leaders were also carried out to develop an understanding of the local situation and economic activities. 5-147 Figure 5.94 Location of villages within 5 km of the project site. 5.3.2 Land Use The existing land use in the study area was assessed to develop understanding on the surrounding land use which will be affected by the proposed project. A description of the existing and future land use was made based on the following documents: Alor Gajah District Landuse Map from Alor Gajah District Local Plan 2020; Alor Gajah District Proposed Landuse Map from Alor Gajah District Local Plan 2020 /91/ Port Dickson District Landuse Map from Port Dickson District Local Plan 2020; and BP Pasir Panjang Proposed Landuse Map from Port Dickson District Local Plan 2020 /92/ 5.3.2.1 Existing Land Use The existing land use in the project site itself is an undisturbed water body. The existing land use within the surrounding 5 km radius of the project site comprises agricultural and industrial areas, tourism facilities, human settlement areas and public facilities, including schools/colleges, clinics, mosques and community halls. Figure 5.95 and Figure 5.96 shows the existing land use types and features while Table 5.25 provides the details of these areas. 5-148 62801230-RPT-02 Existing Environment Table 5.25 Details on land use features found within 5 km radius from the project. Land use Features Description Residential area/village Kg. Tengah Kg. Sg. Rayat Kg. Bt. Ibol Kg. Tg. Agas Kg. Sg. Raya Kg. Bt. Tembok Kg. Balak Kg. Tk. Perun Kg. Seberang Parit Kg. Nelayan Kg. K. Linggi Kg. Tg. Serai Kg. Tg. Dahan Kg. Telok Kg. Bt. Beruang Education institution Tabika Kemas Sri Kota (school/colleges) Tabika Kemas Kg. Telok Pasir Panjang SJK (C) Pasir Panjang SK Tanjung Agas SK Kuala Linggi SMK Pasir Panjang SK Pasir Panjang Kolej Uniti Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka Akademi Laut Malaysia Health care facilities (clinic/hospital) Klinik Kesihatan Pasir Panjang Klinik Desa Sg. Raya, Port Dickson Klinik Desa Kg. Linggi House of worship Surau AL Hidayah Masjid Al Muttaqin Surau An Nur Masjid Jamek Pasir Panjang Masjid Kariah, Kg. Tg. Agas Masjid Al-Nurul Alam, Kg Tg. Dahan Surau Ar Raudah Surau Kg. Tg. Dahan Surau Taman Kuala Permai Masjid Al-Ilmi Chinese Temple Resort/hotel/chalet Bora-Bora Chalet Berlian Bora-Bora Kembang Sejati Chalet 5-149 Land use Features Description KM Chalet Lagenda Guest House Nuriesah Chalet Keluarga Chalet D' Qnut Chalet Umang-umang Chalet HL. Village Istana Kota Homestay NDK Chalet Rizalan Chalet & Café PLKN Kem PDS Resort Nusa Dusun Resort Desa Balqis Beach Resort Public facility Balai Polis Pasir Panjang Pondok Polis K. Linggi Pejabat Pos Pasir Panjang Perpustakaan Desa Kg. Sg. Raya Persatuan Nelayan Telok Kemang Jeti Pengkalan Telok Kemang Pasar Nelayan PNK Telok Kemang Administrative building MARDI Maritime Malaysia Port facility Kuala Linggi port Cemetery Tanah Perkuburan Islam Kg. Telok Kuala Linggi Tanah Perkuburan Islam Kg. Tg. Agas Tanah Perkuburan Kg. Tg. Dahan Tanah Perkuburan Kg. Kuala Linggi Chinese cemetery Recreational area Hutan Lipur Pasir Panjang Hutan Rekreasi Paya Laut Kuala Linggi Pantai Nelayan Tg. Dahan Medan Ikan Bakar Kg Telok Pasir Panjang Restoran Ikan Bakar Terapung Fort Supai Community facility Dewan Org. Ramai Pasir Panjang Balai Raya Kg Tg. Agas Historical site Kota Bukit Supai 5-150 62801230-RPT-02 Existing Environment Figure 5.95 Existing land use as per Alor Gajah Local Plan and Port Dickson Local Plan within 2 km from the project site 5-151 Figure 5.96 Existing land use as per Alor Gajah Local Plan and Port Dickson Local Plan within 5 km from the project (see Drawings for A3 size figure). 5-152 62801230-RPT-02 Existing Environment 5.3.2.2 Gazetted Land Use Based on the Alor Gajah District Local Plan 2020 and Port Dickson District Local Plan 2020, there are no planned future developments within the project site. However, part of the area is gazetted as a tourism zone, see Figure 5.97. The tourism zone near the project area is planned for eco-tourism. In the Malacca Structure Plan 2000 – 2020 /93/, the project area also lies within the area categorised as ‘Potential Development Zone 1’, which describes the zone as a main development area. This zone is viewed as an area, which is able to contribute to the state’s economy. The project is also in line with the Pelan Strategi Keseluruhan Negeri Melaka, Kajian Semula Rancangan Struktur Negeri Melaka 2035 (in preparation) and Rancangan Kawasan Khas Kuala Linggi (refer to Appendix A). The study area falls within planning blocks as listed in Table 5.26. Table 5.26 Related planning blocks associated with the project Planning block (BP) Small Planning block (BPK) BP7: Kuala Linggi – Pengkalan Balak – Tg Tuan BPK 7.1: Pekan Kuala Linggi BPK 7.2: Kuala Linggi BP 4: Pasir Panjang BPK 4.2: Pasir Panjang BP 5: Linggi BPK 5.1: Pengkalan Kempas Source: Alor Gajah District Local Plan 2020 and Port Dickson District Local Plan 2020 5-153 Figure 5.97 Gazetted tourism zones around the project site. 5-154 62801230-RPT-02 Existing Environment The Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) found within study area are categorised as Ranks 1, 2 and 3 as specified in the National Physical Plan 2 /102/, Alor Gajah District Local Plan and Port Dickson District Local Plan (Table 5.27). The proposed ESAs for Alor Gajah and Port Dickson districts based on the Alor Gajah District Local Plan and Port Dickson District Local Plan are also included in Table 5.27.