ALFREDO RAMOS MARTINEZ (1871 - 1946)

ALFREDO RAMOS MARTINEZ was born on November 12, 1872, in Monterrey, in the state of Nuevo Leon, . His father, Jacobo Ramos, a middle-class storekeeper, and his mother, Luisa Martinez de Ramos were strongly supportive of young Alfredo's artistic endeavors and at the impressionable age of only nine years old, he sent a portrait he had painted of the governor of Nuevo Leon to a competition in San Antonio, Texas and was awarded first prize.

Ramos Martinez spent eight years at the prestigious Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes in , an experience that left him resentful as he believed the system devalued any sense of individuality in an artist. Fed up with the monotony of drawing from plaster casts, he often wandered away from the academy to paint scenes from ordinary life. His work caught the attention of American Phoebe Hearst, who arranged to financially support his studies abroad. In 1897, he arrived in Paris and continued his studies in the streets of the city embracing the style of the Post-Impressionists. It was here in Europe that Ramos Martinez began to paint on newsprint. As he explained later in an interview, while visiting Brittany in preparation for his Salon exhibition, he ran out of sketch paper. He asked his landlord if he had access to any good paper. When the landlord returned, he offered Ramos Martinez a stack of newspapers, which the artist reluctantly accepted.

Ramos Martinez returned to Mexico in 1910 and three years later he was appointed the Director of the National Academy. Although he protested at first, "I am the enemy of all academies," he later accepted the offer when he realized he had strong support from the students. He opened the first of his Escuelas de Pintura al Aire Libre (Open Air Schools of Painting) with an enrollment of ten boys, including a rebellious youth named , soon to become one of the most important Mexican muralists. Taking its cue from the Impressionist concept of painting in the outdoors, this revolutionary program initiated changes in both the theoretical and practical approaches to painting in Mexico bringing arts education within the reach of people of all walks of life. Modernist painter , who studied at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes from 1917 through 1921, credited Ramos Martinez for directing him "toward Impressionism."

Ramos Martinez married Maria de Sodi Romero in 1928 and a year later their daughter, Maria, was born with a crippling bone disease. Greatly grieved by her suffering, Ramos Martinez and his family left Mexico in 1930 seeking medical attention for her in the United States. They settled in Los Angeles where her condition was successfully treated. These circumstances would catapult Ramos Martinez's art in a new direction. The works produced in California at this are abruptly modern, yet they focus on prevailing themes of the Mexican renaissance. He turns to the subjects he adored: the humble yet monumental Indian, the dramatic landscapes of Mexico and religious themes that reveal the fervent spirituality shared by his people. He explores the parameters of volume and space in his enormous oil on canvas portraits and his lyrical language of line and color are revealed in his elegant gouaches. The tender embrace of a mother and child, a grouping of vendedoras masterfully balancing baskets of abundant, colorful fruit on their heads, or a depiction of a processional of indigenous women dressed in warm tones of yellows and golds paying homage to the pre- Colombian deity, Quetzalcoatl, are beautifully rendered and even further dramatized by the texture of his chosen medium of newsprint.

Ramos Martinez was commissioned to paint numerous throughout the United States and Mexico including, the celebrity homes of Jo Swerling, Edith Head and Beulah Bondi, the Chapman Park Hotel, Scripps College in Claremont California and the Normal School for Teachers in Mexico City. His work was exhibited throughout California including the Los Angeles County Museum, the Assistance League Gallery in Hollywood, the Faulkner Gallery in Santa Barbara, and the San Francisco Museum of Art. In 1945, he had a one man show at the Dalzell Hatfield Galleries and the following year at Lillenfeld Gallery in New York City. After his death in 1946, his works were highlighted in several memorial retrospectives including Dalzell-Hatfield Galleries in 1951-1952, Los Angeles City College in 1953, at Scripps College in 1956 and in 1975 the Dalzell-Hatfield Galleries featured "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: A Treasure Trove Exhibition." In 1992, Louis Stern Galleries presented a prominent retrospective exhibition of his work and continues to represent the estate.

Although considered by many to be the founding father of Modern , Ramos Martinez's astounding contributions to the development of Mexican and Southern Californian art has been dramatically overlooked. A prolific painter and an innovative teacher, Ramos Martinez has been a victim of circumstance; an inexplicable lapse in memory. At a time when Mexican art gained great momentum with the Mexican Muralist movement with such recognizable names as and Jose Clemente Orozco, Ramos Martinez's substantial artistic vision had all been but erased. However, a truly great artist remains just that. "If Mexican modernism the product of the 1910 Revolution, which projected not only a utopian vision of the future, but also a return to Mexico's roots," as Hans Haufe states, "Ramos Martinez stands among the painters that initiated that movement." His legacy lives on and his work is now gaining the recognition it deservedly needs.

Louis Stern Fine Arts is the exclusive representative of the Estate of Alfredo Ramos Martinez.

CHRONOLOGY

1871 Born November 12 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico to Jacobo Ramos and Luisa Martinez.

1880-81 Paints portrait of the Governor of Nuevo León and wins 1st prize in a contest / exhibition in San Antonio, Texas which includes a scholarship to the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (ENBA), Mexico City.

1890 Begins his studies at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (ENBA), Mexico City, where he studies for the next eight years, excelling as a watercolorist and winning numerous awards in this medium.

1891 Participates in the XXII National Exhibition of Fine Arts with six drawings. Receives a gold medal for a pencil drawing in XXIX Competition of the State of Aguascalientes.

1897 Applies for a government grant to continue his studies in Europe.

1898 Participates in the XXIII Exhibition of the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes with sixteen watercolors.

1899 Selected to produce painted menus for a state dinner given by President Porfirio Díaz, in honor of Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst (mother of William Randolph Hearst). Mrs. Hearst is so impressed that she asks to meet the young painter and subsequently offers to send him to study in Paris, providing him with an allowance of 500 francs a month.

1900 Leaves for Europe and takes up residence in Paris. Meets the Nicaraguan poet, Rubén Darío, the founder of Modernismo, marking the beginning of an influential friendship. Darío shares lodging with Ramos Martinez and with the Mexican poet, Amado Nervo. Through Darío, Ramos meets poets and artists, among them the poet Paul Verlaine and the painters Claude Monet and Joaquín Sorolla.

1902-03 Travels with Darío to the Low Countries and Palma de Mallorca, visiting museums and meeting Spanish writers and poets.

1905 Exhibits two paintings, Paisaje de las Islas Baleares (Landscape of the Balearic Isles) and Barcos en Holanda (Boats in Holland), in the Salon d'Automne in Paris. Paints Le Printemps.

1906 Wins first prize at the Salon d'Automne in Paris for his painting, Le Printemps. Ends financial dependence on Phoebe Hearst as he becomes a self-supporting, commissioned portrait painter.

1907 Shows three works at the Salon d'Automne. Paints monumental , La Primavera. Rubén Darío publishes "A un pintor," a poem dedicated to Alfredo Ramos Martinez in El Canto Errante (1907).

1910 Returns to Mexico. Exhibits works produced in Europe at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes. Participates in the exhibition organized to celebrate the Centenary of Mexican Independence, held at the Escuela Nacional.

1911 A strike by the ENBA students favors their demands, and Ramos Martinez is appointed Assistant Director of the School.

1912 The Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes' name is changed to la Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes.

1913 Significant changes in the government lead to Martinez's appointment as Director of the Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes, Mexico City. On the 17th of October, begins the first Open Air School of Art with ten boys, including David Alfaro Siqueiros, at Santa Anita Ixtapalapa on the outskirts of Mexico City. Recognized as a member of the Salon d'Automne of Paris.

1914 Organizes the first exhibition of works by the students of the Santa Anita School. Removed as Director of the Academy due to personnel changes within the administration. The Santa Anita Open Air School is closed.

1916 Establishes a studio on .

1920 Renamed the Director of the Academy by José Vasconcelos, Minister of Education. Creates a new Open Air School in Chimalistac.

1923 Awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold by King Albert of Belgium in recognition of his contributions to the visual arts.

1924 Moves the Open Air School at Coyoacan to Churubusco.

1925 Founds three new schools in , Tlalpan, and Guadalupe Hidalgo. Exhibits works by the students of the Open Air School at the Academy Palacio de Minería (Mexico City) and at the First Pan-American Exposition in Los Angeles, California.

1926 Organizes an exhibition of works, under the sponsorship of President Plutarco Elías Calles, by the students of the Open Air Schools that travels Europe, visiting such cultural capitals as Paris, Madrid and Berlin.

1927 The Academics challenge the methodology of the Open Air Schools. Exhibits works by the students of the Open Air Schools in Boston, Massachusetts. New Centers open based on the teaching methods of the Open Air Schools.

1928 Marries Maria Sodi Romero of . Questions are raised regarding the Open Air Schools' pedagogical approach to art, and a protest is held by the ¡30! ¡30! Contingent of The Revolutionary Artists of Mexico against the Open Air Schools' teaching methods. Resigns as Director of the Academy and becomes director of the Open Air School in Coyoacan.

1929 Paints a commission (Las Flores Mexicanas) for President Emilio Portes Gil as a wedding gift for Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow, the daughter of the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, Dwight Morrow. Daughter Maria is born and suffers from a crippling bone disease. Travels to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota for consultation on daughter's condition. It is recommended that she be moved to a warm, dry climate. The family moves to Los Angeles and Maria is put under the care of Dr. John A. Wilson. Commissioned by boxer / entrepreneur Jack Dempsey to paint mural and create interior design for Hotel Playa Ensenada (Ensenada, Baja California).

1930 Invited by William Alanson Bryan, the Director of the Los Angeles County Museum, to organize a solo exhibition.

1931 Solo show at Barker Brothers, during the citywide Artists Fiesta, Los Angeles. Exhibits at the Assistance League Gallery, Hollywood. Exhibits at the Fine Arts Gallery, San Diego. Paints frescoes for Yucca Loma Ranch in Apple Valley near Victorville, California.

1932 Exhibits in the 1st Annual Exhibition of Western Watercolor Painters Exhibits at the Fine Arts Gallery, San Diego. Illustration, Pieta, in Art Digest, August 1932.

1933 Illustrates two books for Antonio Fierro Blanco (Walter Nordhoff) "Journey of the Flame" and "Rico, Bandit and Dictator." Commissioned to paint a mural, The Guelaguetza, at the home of Jo Swerling, Hollywood screenwriter (currently in private collection, Santa Paula, California). This commission brings the artist additional work from other celebrities, including Edith Head and Beulah Bondi. Exhibits drawings, temperas, oils and mural displays at the Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco. Through the intervention of painter / muralist Hugo Ballin, holds a solo exhibition drawn from the same works at the Santa Monica Public Library. Exhibits Los primeros indíginas de América (The First Indians of America).

1934 Mrs. George Washington Smith, widow of the famous Santa Barbara architect, in conjunction with violinist / composer / ethnomusicologist Henry Eichheim commissions the artist to paint an important set of murals for the chapel of the Santa Barbara Cemetery in Santa Barbara, California. Commissioned to paint a fresco, Los Guardianes, for the Henry Eichheim home, Montecito, California. Commissioned to paint a fresco, Madonna and Child, for Mrs. George Washington Smith's home, La Casa de la Madonna, in Montecito, California. Included in an exhibition at the Foundation of Western Art, Paintings by California Modernists. Exhibits at the Faulkner Art Gallery, Santa Barbara.

1935 Exhibits Friars and Nuns (chalk on paper) in the California Pacific International Exposition in San Diego.

1936 Solo show at Vista del Arroyo Gallery, Pasadena. Creates fresco at the Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles (now destroyed).

1937 Creates fresco at the Chapel of Mary, Star of the Sea in La Jolla, California. Creates mural at La Avenida Café, in Coronado, California (now on display at the Coronado Public Library).

1938 Exhibits at the California Art Club, Los Angeles County. Exhibits in the Los Angeles County Museum Painters and Sculptors Show.

1938-39 Exhibits at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Exhibits at the San Francisco Museum of Art.

1939 Exhibits at the Los Angeles County Fair in Pomona, California. Exhibits in the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco, California. Exhibits in the 11th Annual Exhibition of Southern California Art at the Fine Art Society of San Diego. Solo show at the Assistance League Gallery in Hollywood, California.

1940 Invited to teach the summer session at the Fine Arts Gallery, San Diego.

1941 Exhibits at the Los Angeles County Fair in Pomona, California.

1942-45 Returns to Mexico for a visit and is commissioned by the Minister of Education to paint a series of murals at the Normal School for Teachers, Mexico City, on the theme of Monte Albán (now destroyed).

1944 Exhibits murals on cardboard, oils and temperas, all with the Mexican peasant as subject, at Raymond and Raymond Galleries, Los Angeles.

1945 Returns to Los Angeles in September. Opens solo exhibition at Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, "Ramos Martinez: Paintings of Mexico," held from March 20 to April 14, 1945. Begins design for stained glass windows for St. Johns Catholic Church in downtown Los Angeles. Begins 100 foot mural in the Margaret Fowler Memorial Garden for Scripps College (Claremont, California) under the sponsorship of Millard Sheets.

1946 Solo show at Lillenfeld Gallery, New York City. Passes away on November 8th at the age of 73 in Los Angeles and is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery.

1951-52 Memorial exhibition, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Memorial Exhibition", at Dalzell Hatfield Galleries from December 10, 1951 to January 10, 1952.

1953 Solo exhibition, "An Exhibition of Paintings by Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1872- 1946)," at the Los Angeles City College from April 15 to May 1, 1953.

1956 Retrospective exhibition at Scripps College (Claremont, California).

1965 Exhibition of works drawn from the Open Air Schools, including works by Alfredo Ramos Martinez, at the , Mexico City.

1969 The Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes organizes an exhibition, "An Homage to Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1875-1946)", in the Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City.

1975 Exhibition at Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: A 'Treasure Trove' Exhibition", from October 14 to November 8, 1975.

1981 Exhibition, "Homage to the Open Air Schools", includes works by Ramos Martinez in the galleries of the Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City.

1985 On May 7, the artist's wife, Maria Sodi de Ramos Martinez, dies and is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery.

1991 Retrospective exhibition at Louis Stern Galleries (Beverly Hills, California). Exhibition accompanied by a full-color catalogue with essays in English and Spanish.

1992 Major retrospective at the (MUNAL), Mexico City, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Una Visión Retrospectiva (1871-1946)". Retrospective accompanied by full-color catalogue and texts.

1996-97 Commemorative exhibition at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey (MARCO), Mexico, "Un homenaje a Alfredo Ramos Martinez". Accompanied by a full-color catalogue and texts.

1997-98 Solo exhibition at Louis Stern Fine Arts (West Hollywood, California), "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: The California Years," from November 1, 1997 to January 3, 1998.

2008 Exhibition at Museum Estudio Diego Rivera, Mexico City.

EXHIBITIONS

1906 Paris Salon, Paris, France.

1930 Rochester, MN, Zumbro Hotel, The oils, pastels and drawings of Senor Alfredo Ramos Martinez, April 25 and 26. Los Angeles Athletic Club, Los Angeles, California. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California.

1931 Assistance League Gallery, Hollywood, California, August 9. Exposition Park, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez." Artists Fiesta, Los Angeles, California. Gallery of Educational Building, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, October 10, 1932.

1932 San Diego Fine Arts Gallery, San Diego, California. The California Palace of the Legion of Honor, First Annual Exhibition of Watercolor Painting, San Francisco, California, December 5, 1932 - January 8, 1933.

1933 Lincoln Park, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, California, April 8 – May 14. Public Library Gallery, Santa Monica, California, June 30. Faulkner Memorial Art Gallery, Santa Barbara, California.

1934 Faulkner Art Gallery, Santa Barbara.

1935 San Diego Museum of Art, “Official Art Exhibition of the California Pacific International Exposition,” San Diego, California, May 29 – November 11. California-Pacific International Exposition, San Diego, California.

1936 San Diego Museum of Art, "Official Art Exhibition of the California Pacific International Exposition,” San Diego, California, February 12 – September 9. Laguna Beach, Artist Studios Exhibitions, Laguna Beach, California, June 28. Vista Del Arroyo Gallery, Pasadena, California, November 15. San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, California, December 5.

1938 Art Gallery of Education California Art Club University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, California.

1939 Pomona Show, Pomona, California, September 17. Assistance League Gallery, Hollywood, California, January 8. Golden Gate International Exposition, San Francisco, California.

1941 Faulkner Memorial Art Gallery, Santa Barbara, California, “Portraits of Children,” January 5 – 26 “Murals, Oil Paintings, Tempera, Sketches”, Los Angeles, California, Raymond & Raymond Galleries, July 17 – August 17 Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles, California, December 3. Los Angeles County Fair.

1943 Pasadena Art Institute, Los Angeles, California.

1945 Ambassador Hotel, Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, Los Angeles, California, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Paintings of Mexico," March 20 - April 14. Mills College Art Gallery, Oakland, California. Lang Gallery, Scripps College, Claremont, California.

1946 Lilienfeld Galleries, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Paintings of Mexico," New York, New York, April 15 - May 11. Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, San Diego, California, “Christmas Exhibition.”

1947 Fine Arts Gallery, “Junior Members’ Christmas Party,” Los Angeles, California. Ambassador Hotel, Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Paintings of Mexico," Los Angeles, California, June 27. Casa de Marro Museum, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez in California”, San Diego, California.

1949 Balboa Park, The Fine Arts Gallery, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez Memorial Exhibition,” San Diego, California, July 15. Mt. St. Mary’s, December 2, 1949 – December 16.

1952 Ambassador Hotel, Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, "Martinez Memorial Exhibition,” Los Angeles, California, Fall 1951 – January 10. Highland Park, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California.

1953 The Pasadena Art Institute, Los Angeles, California, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez”, March. Los Angeles City College, Los Angeles, California, “Paintings by Alfredo Ramos Martinez,” April 14.

1963 San Diego Museum of Art, “The Horse in Art,” San Diego, California. January 18 – February 24.

1968 San Diego Museum of Art, “Paintings by Alfredo Ramos Martinez,” San Diego, California. May 12 – June 16.

1975 Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, "Alfredo Ramos Martinez: A 'Treasure Trove' Exhibition," Los Angeles, California, October 14 - November 8.

1992 Louis Stern Galleries, Beverly Hills, California, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1872 - 1946),” October 1, 1991 - January 6. Museo Nacional de Arte, Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1871 – 1946) Una Vision Retrospectiva, Mexico City, Mexico, April – June.

1996- 1997 Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Monterrey, "Un Homenaje a Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1871-1946), Monterrey, Mexico, 1996 - February 1997. Louis Stern Fine Arts, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez: The California Years,” West Hollywood, California. November 3, 1997 – January 3, 1998.

1998 Bakersfield Museum of Art, Bakersfield, California, “Mexican Art in California: – 1940,” May 7– July 4

2000 Coronado Historical Association Museum of History and Art, "Obras del Corazon: Works from the Heart of Alfredo Ramos Martinez, Coronado, California, -1944," October 7, 2000 - February 6, 2001.

2001 Louis Stern Fine Arts, Gallery Selection: Works on Paper, West Hollywood, California, October 27, 2001 - January 5, 2002.

2008 Museum Estudio Diego Rivera.

2014 The Nevada Museum of Art, “Picturing Mexico: Alfredo Ramos Martínez,” Reno, Nevada. Pasadena Museum of California Art, “Picturing Mexico: Alfredo Ramos Martínez in California,” Los Angeles, California, January 19–April 20, 2014.

2015 Louis Stern Fine Arts, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez: An Exhibition in Honor of Maria Martinez Bolster,” Los Angeles, California, April 30- July 11, 2015.

2016-2017 Philadelphia Museum of Art, “Paint the Revolution: Mexican Modernism, 1910-1950,” Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 20, 2016 - January 8, 2017; Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico, February 9 – May 7, 2017; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, June 14 – October 1, 2017.

2017 Louis Stern Fine Arts, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez and Latin American Modernism,” Los Angeles, California, September 23 - December 22, 2017 (a Getty Pacific Standard Time exhibition). 2017-2018 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, “Found in Translation: Design in California and Mexico, 1915-1985,” Los Angeles, California, September 17, 2017 – February 11, 2018 (a Getty Pacific Standard Time exhibition).

2019 Missouri History Museum, “Flores Mexicanas: A Lindbergh Love Story,” St. Louis, Missouri, June 1- September 2, 2019. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez: On Paper,” Santa Barbara, California, October 27, 2019- February 9, 2020.

2020 Whitney Museum of American Art, “Vida Americana: Mexican Muralists Remake American Art, 1925-1945,” New York, New York, February 14 – May 17, 2020.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1910 Dario, Ruben. “Three Pilgrims of Art.” (Original text written in 1910, reproduced in Álbum Salón, México, March - April, 1919). Durantes, Nicolas. “Recent Mexican Painting.” The Kenyon Review 2 (1940): 296-308. González Peña, Carlos. “Ramos Martinez’s Britain.” El Mundo Ilustrado, 28 Aug. 1910.

1916 Feel, Lazaro P. “A Painter of Women and Flowers.” La Crítica de Arte en México: 1896-1921. Vol. 2 Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 1999. 5-6. (Originally in Revista de Revistas 317. 28 May 1916).

1917 Contreras, Francisco. Ruben Dario, His Life and Works. Barcelona: Agencia Mundial de Librerías, 1930. Dario, Ruben. The Caravan Passes. Vol. 1, 3rd ed. Madrid: Editorial Mundo Latino, 1917.

1920 Ramos Martinez, Alfredo. Seventeen Unpublished Letters from Alfredo Ramos Martinez to Albert M. Bender: 1920-1941. Oakland, CA: Albert M. Bender Papers, Special Collections, (F.W. Online Archive of California Mills College).

1921 Ramos Martinez, Alfredo. “National Art’s New Orientation." El Maestro 1 (1921): 95-96.

1925 Soto-Hall, Maximo. Ruben Dario’s Intimate Revelations. Buenos Aires: Cuadernos Ateneo, Librería Científica y Literaria, 1925.

1926 Casauranc, Puig, editor. Monograph on the Open Air Schools. Publicaciones de la Secretaria de Deucacion Publica, Mexico, 1926, p. 135. Monograph of the Open Air Schools. Mexico: Editorial Cultura, Secretaría de Educación Pública, (Public Education Office), 1926.

1927 Tablada, José Juan. Art History in México. Mexico: Aguilas Editors, 1927.

1932 Miller, Arthur. “The Artist Who Drew This Week’s Cover.” Los Angeles Times Sunday Magazine 21 Aug. 1932: 30. “Monografia de las escuelas de pintura al aire libre,” publicaciones de la secretaria de educacion publica, eitorial “CVLTVRA,” MCMXXVI, Mexico, 1932.

1934 Nordhoff, Walter. Rico, Bandit and Dictator. Cambridge: Houghton Mifflin, 1934, (under the pseudonym of Antonio Fierro Blanco).

1935 Fernández Mac Gregor, Genaro. Masks. Mexico: Ediciones Botas, 1935. Waring, Brook. “Martinez and Mexico’s Renaissance.” The North American Review 240.3 (Dec. 1935): 445-457.

1936 Poland, Regina. “New York: The Art Digest, Inc.” 10.11, March 1936: 6-7.

1937 Merida, Carlos. Modern Mexican Artists. Mexico: Frances Toor Studios, 1937. Tablada, José Juan. Life’s Carnival. Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 1937. Velasquez Chavez, Agustin. Contemporary Mexican Artists. New York, NY: Covici-Friede, 1937.

1940 20 Centuries of Mexican Painting. (In collaboration with the Mexican Government) New York: Museum of Modern Art. 1940.

1946 Hinton, Virginia. “Alfredo Ramos, Martinez.” The Christian Science Monitor, 12 Oct. 1946: 9. Jiménez, Guillermo. “Alfredo Ramos Martinez and Ruben Dario”. Todo, 21 Nov. 1946. “México Loses a Notable Painter.” Novedades 12 Nov. 1946.

1948 Menéndez Plancarte, Alfonso Dr. “Ruben Dario y Alfredo Ramos Martinez.” El Oportuno 12 Aug. 1948.

1949 Ramos Martinez, Maria de Sodi. Alfredo Ramos Martínez. Trans. Berta de Lecuona. Los Angeles, CA: Martinez Foundation, 1949. Sierra, Justo. Collected Letters and Private Documents. Ed. Catalina Sierra de Peimbert. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1949. Vol. 14 of Obras Completas. Martinez, Maria S.R., “Alfredo Ramos Martinez,” Martinez Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, circa 1949.

1951 Charlot, Jean. “Orozco and Siqueiros at the .” College Art Journal 10 (1951): 355-94. Stewart, Virginia. 45 Contemporary Mexican Artists: A Twentieth Century Renaissance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1951.

1953 Pallares, María Elena. “Ramos Martinez the Man and the Artist.” Excélsior 12 July 1953.

1955 Nordhoff, Walter. The Journey of the Flame. Cambridge: Houghton Mifflin, 1955, (under the pseudonym of Antonio Fierro Blanco).

1960 Oliver Belmás, Antonio. This Other Ruben Dario. Barcelona: Editorial Aedos, 1960.

1963 Romero de Terreros, Manuel. Exhibition Catalogue of the Former Academy of San Carlos of Mexico 1850-1898. Mexico: Imprenta Universitaria, 1963.

1964 Patterson, Robert H. “An Art in Revolution: Antecedents in Mexican Mural Painting, 1900-1920.” Journal of Inter-American Studies 6 (1964): 377-87.

1962 Charlot, Jean. Mexican Art and the Academy of San Carlos 1785-1915. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1962. 159-162.

1967 Sutherland, Henry. “Hidden Art Treasure Lost in Building’s Renovation.” Los Angeles Times 5 Oct. 1967, part II: 6.

1975 Alfredo Ramos Martinez, Twentieth Century Mexican Master of Art. Los Angeles, CA: Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, 1975. Small, George Raphael. Ramos Martinez: His Life & Art. Ed. Jerald Slattum. Westlake Village, CA: F & J Publishing Corp., 1975.

1978 Oliver Belmas, Antonio. One Last Time with Rubén Dario: Hispano-American and Spanish Literature. Madrid: Ediciones de Literatura Hispánica del Centro Iberoamericano de Cooperación, (Hispanic Literature of the Iberoamerican Center of Cooperation), 1978.

1979 Charlot, Jean. The Mexican Mural Renaissance: 1920-1925. 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Hacker Art Books, 1979. Garbutt, Janice Lovoos. “And There was Martinez.” Westways Magazine. May, 1979.

1983 Hernandez Cava, Felipe. “Orozco: Stop to Yes and No.” Lápiz 11 (1983): 58-62. Patterson, Martin E. San Diego Museum of Art, Selections from the Permanent Collection. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Art, 1983. Small, George Raphael. “Alfredo Ramos Martinez and the Open Air: A Quest for Form not Formula.” Southwest Art 13 (1983): 48-55.

1987 Gonzalez Matute, Laura. Open-Air Schools and Other Centers of Popular Painting, Plastic Arts National Collection. Mexico: Center of Investigation, Documentation, and Information of the Arts, INBA, (National Institute of Fine Arts), 1987.

1988 Pandolfi, Sylvia. “The Mexican Open-Air Schools Movement (1915-1935).” Images of Mexico: The Contributions of Mexico to 20th Century Art. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Art, 1988. 125-127.

1989 Hurlburt, Lawrence P. Mexican Muralists in the United States. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989.

1990 Small, George Raphael, “The Art Work of the Mexican Children During the Revolution.” (Unpublished Manuscript). 1990.

1991 Nieto, Margarita. “Art without Borders, Alfredo Ramos Martinez.” Antiques & Fine Art, Nov.-Dec. of 1991: 67-75. Stern, Louis. Alfredo Ramos Martinez: Beverly Hills, CA: Paragon Press, Oct. 1991-Jan. 1992. (Texts by Louis Stern, Maria Ramos Martinez Bolster, Jean Stern, and Margarita Nieto). Muchnic, Suzanne. “Forgotten Splendors: Mexico’s Ramos Martinez Re- emerges from L.A. of ‘30s- ‘40s.” Los Angeles Times, October 16, 1991.

1992 Alfredo Ramos Martinez: A Retrospective Vision. Mexico: National Museum of Art. April - June 1992. (Texts by Ramón Favela, Pilar García, Karen Cordero, Louis Stern, Margarita Nieto, and Agustin Arteaga).

1993 Gonzalez Matute, Laura. 30-30!: Against the Academy of Painting, 1928. 1st ed. Mexico: National Center of Investigation, Documentation, and Information of the Arts, INBA, (National Institute of Bellas Artes), 1993.

1994 Luna Arroyo, Antonio. Ramos Martínez. Mexico: Salvat, 1994.

1996 A Tribute to Alfredo Ramos Martinez. Mexico: Monterrey Contemporary Museum of Art, Aug. 1996 – Feb. 1997, (Texts by Xavier Moyssén L., Fausto Ramirez, and Israel Cavazos Garza). Monterrey in 400 Photographs. Mexico: Museum of Contemporary Art of Monterrey. Aug. 1996 – Feb. 1997.

1997 Morales, Alfonso. The Beginnings of Contemporary Mexico. Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, (National Culture and Art Council); Casa de las Imágenes (House of Images); INAH, (National Institute of Anthropology and History), 1997. 179. Ollman, Leah. “Irony and Beauty from Ramos Martinez.” Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1997.

1999 Horta, Manuel. “An Afternoon Chat with Alfredo Ramos Martinez” La Crítica de Arte en México: 1896-1921. Vol. 2 Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 1999. 250-252, (Originally in Álbum Salón, T.1, no. 8, March-April, 1919).

2000 Lozano, Luis Martin. Modern Mexican Art: 1900-1950, Former College of San Idelfonso. Coll. Laura Gonzalez Matute. Mexico, 2000.

2001 Barbosa, Ana Mae. “The Open Air School in Mexico: Freedom, Form, and Culture.” Studies in Art Education, 42.4 (summer, 2001): 285-297. National Art Education Association.

2002 The Painting Collection of the Banco Nacional of Mexico: 20th century. Mexico: Fomento Cultural Banamex, (Cultural Committee Banamex), 2002.

2003 Landauer, Susan. The Not-So-Still Life: A Century of California Painting and Sculpture. San Jose, CA: San Jose Museum of Art, 2003.

2005 Modern Art of México: Andrés Blaisten Collection. Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de México, 2005. (Texts by James Oles, Fausto Ramírez, Dawn Ades, Agustín Arteaga, Claudia, Barragán, Renata Blaisten, Dafne Cruz Porchini, Courtney Gilbert, Carlos Molina, Mireida Velázquez, and Adriana Zavala).

2006 “Alfredo Ramos Martinez: The Creativity of Plein Air.” Efemérides – Imágenes, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. 24 Nov. 1996. UNAM, (National Autonomous University of Mexico). Nov. 2006

2007 Mauleón, Hector de. “Ciro Bianchi, Island Chronicler, Narrates This Unknown Passage in the Life of the Nicaraguan Poet, Rubén Dario.” 14 Feb. 2007.

2008 Azuela, Pilar. “The Forging of the Imaginary: The Artistic Educational Revolutionary Movement.” Revista de la UNAM 6 Aug. 2004: 77-84. Nov. 2008. Gomez Martinez, José Luis. “The Presence of Ortega y Gasset in Mexican Thought.” Oct, 2008. (Original publication of this study in New Magazine of Hispanic Philology, 35.1 (1987): 197-221). INBA/Museo Estudio Diego Rivera. “Illustrious Words, 1921-1957.” Mexico is Mexico, Section IV, Sept. 2008: 71. Ramirez, Fausto. “Alfredo Ramos Martinez.” Modernization and Modernism in Mexican Art. Mexico: Instituto de investigaciones Estéticas, UNAM, 2008. 389- 404.

2009 Nieto, Margarita and Louis Stern, “Alfredo Ramos Martinez and Modernismo,” Louis Stern Fine Arts, West Hollywood, California, 2009.

2014 Johnson, Reed. “Alfredo Ramos Martinez rediscovered Mexico in Los Angeles.” Los Angeles Times, January 19, 2014. Zimskind, Lyle. “Framed: ‘El Defensor’ Re-classifies the Los Angeles Times.” Los Angeles Magazine, January 23, 2014. Knight, Chris. “Review: Alfredo Ramos Martinez, champion of ordinary people, revisited.” Los Angeles Times, January 28, 2014. Drohojowska-Philp, Hunter. “Alfredo Ramos Martinez at the Pasadena Museum of California Art.” KCRW Art Talk, March 13, 2014.

Fauntleroy, Gussie. “Perspective: Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1871-1946).” Western Art and Architecture, March 2014.

2017 Stromberg, Matt. “Five Outstanding Shows Closing in Los Angeles this Week.” Hyperallergic, December 20, 2017.

2019 Hamdan, Lara. “Flores Mexicanas Exhibit Explores ‘A Lindbergh Love Story,’ Work of Esteemed Mexican Painter.” St. Louis on the Air, May 22, 2019. Schremp-Hahn, Valerie. “Giant wedding gift tells unlikely Lindbergh love story in new Missouri History Museum exhibit.” St. Louis Post Dispatch, May 31, 2019. Brown Patton, Julie. “Flores Mexicanas: A 90-Year-Old Masterpiece.” West End Word, June 12, 2019.