University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons

McGeorge School of Teaching Materials McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship

2006 Global Issues in Law John G. Sprankling Pacific cGeM orge School of Law

Raymond R. Coletta Pacific cGeM orge School of Law

M.C. Mirow

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyteaching Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Housing Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Land Use Law Commons

Recommended Citation Sprankling, John G.; Coletta, Raymond R.; and Mirow, M.C., "Global Issues in Property Law" (2006). McGeorge School of Law Teaching Materials. 9. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyteaching/9

This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McGeorge School of Law Teaching Materials by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents

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PREFACE MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM vii TABLE OF CASES MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM xix

Chapter 1. Defining ‘‘Property’’MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 1 A. Property as Legally–Enforceable MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 2 John Henry Merryman, Ownership and Estate (Variations on a Theme by Lawson) MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 2 Civil Code of VietnamMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 4 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 4 B. Rights in What?MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 5 1. Common Heritage Regions MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 5 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 5 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 5 2. Land MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 6 Civil Code of VietnamMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 6 Basic Law of Government, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia MMMMMMMMMMMMM 6 John Henry Merryman, Ownership and Estate (Variations on a Theme by Lawson) MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 7 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 7 3. IntangiblesMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 8 Van Marle and Others v. The NetherlandsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 8 Methanex Corporation v. United States MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 9 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 10

Chapter 2. Property as a Human Right MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 11 A. Human Rights and Property MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 11 B. International Human Rights AgreementsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 12 Universal Declaration of Human RightsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 12 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of ManMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 12 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Protocol 1 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 12 American Convention on Human RightsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 13 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 13 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 13 C. A Human Right to Aboriginal Land OwnershipMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 14 The Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. NicaraguaMMMMMMM 14 Dann v. United StatesMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 17 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 20

xiii xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Chapter 3. Fee Simple Absolute MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 22 A. The Fee Simple Absolute in History MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 22 Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process MMMMMMMMMMM 22 Sir Edward Coke, The First Part of the Institutes of the of England MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 23 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 23 B. Bundles of Rights MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 24 Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied to Judicial Reasoning MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 24 Charles Aubry & Charles Rau, Droit Civil Fran¸cais MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 25 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 25 C. Absolute Ownership in Civil Law SystemsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 26 Ugo Mattei, Basic Principles of Property Law: A Comparative Legal and Economic Introduction MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 26 French Civil Code of 1804 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 27 Succession of Louis Lauga, Sr.MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 27 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 29

Chapter 4. Numerus ClaususMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 31 A. Numerus Clausus Defined MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 31 Bernard Rudden, Economic Theory v. Property Law: The Nume- rus Clausus Problem MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 31 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 33 B. Numerus Clausus In Common Law PracticeMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 34 Kajo Church Square, Inc. v. WalkerMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 34 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 37

Chapter 5. Future InterestsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 38 A. Limitations on Future InterestsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 39 Phanor J. Eder, A Comparative Survey of Anglo–American and Latin-American Law MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 39 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 41 B. Future Interests on the Border Between the Common Law and Civil Law Systems MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 41 Crichton v. Gredler MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 41 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 46

Chapter 6. Marital PropertyMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 47 A. Marital Property Generally MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 47 Quartey v. Martey & Anor MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 47 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 49 B. Marital Property and Same–Sex CouplesMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 50 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamen- tal FreedomsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 51 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 52 Bea Verschraegen, The Right to Private Life and Family Life, the Right to Marry and to Found a Family, and the Prohibition of Discrimination MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 53 Hans Ytterberg, All Human Beings Are Equal, But Some Are More Equal Than Others—Equality in Dignity Without Equali- ty in Rights? MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 55 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 57 TABLE OF CONTENTS xv

Page Chapter 7. The Landlord–Tenant Relationship MMMMMMMMMMMM 59 A. Common Law Tenancies and the Usufruct MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 59 Amodu Tijani v. Secretary, Southern NigeriaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 59 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 61 B. Comparative Perspectives on LeaseholdsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 61 1. GermanyMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 61 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 62 2. Cuba MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 62 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 63 3. FranceMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 63 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 63 C. Leasehold ReformMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 64 Deborah Kenn, One Nation’s Dream, Another’s Reality: Housing in Sweden MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 64 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 68

Chapter 8. Eviction of TenantsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 69 A. Eviction in PortugalMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 69 Velosa Barreto v. PortugalMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 69 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 72 B. Eviction in Poland MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 72 Hutten-Czapska v. Poland MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 72 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 76 C. The International Perspective MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 76 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 7 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 76 NoteMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 77

Chapter 9. Squatters’ Rights and Adverse Possession MM 78 A. Squatter Narratives MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 78 Roy H. May, Jr., I Am Conchita, the Squatter MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 78 Kenneth L. Karst, Rights in Land and Housing in an Informal Legal System: The Barrios of Caracas MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 80 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 80 B. From Informal Title to Formal Title Through Adverse Possession MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 81 Winter King, Illegal Settlements and the Impact of Titling Pro- grams MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 81 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 86

Chapter 10. The Right to Exclude MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 88 A. Excluding Hikers in EnglandMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 88 Sir , Commentaries on the Laws of England MMM 89 Countryside and Rights of Way ActMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 89 Debate in the House of Commons, March 26, 1999 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 90 Debate in the House of Lords, May 19, 1999 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 92 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 93 B. Excluding Hunters in France MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 94 Chassagnou and Others v. France MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 94 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 97 xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Chapter 11. The Land Sale Transaction MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 98 A. A Land Sale in Colombia MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 98 1. Finding the Property MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 98 2. Negotiating the AgreementMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 99 3. Arranging Financing MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 100 4. Executing the Deed MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 100 5. Registering the Deed MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 101 B. A Sample Colombian Agreement of SaleMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 101 C. Title Defects in ColombiaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 103 Civil Code of Columbia MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 103 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 103 Chapter 12. Title Assurance MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 105 A. Introduction to Title Registration MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 105 Alejandro M. Garro, Recordation of Interests in Land MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 106 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 107 B. Title Registration and Market StimulationMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 108 Hernando de Soto, The Mystery of Capital MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 108 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 109 C. Title Registration and Customary Law MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 110 Daniel Fitzpatrick, Disputes and Pluralism in Modern Indonesian Land Law MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 110 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 113 Chapter 13. Land Sales and International Law MMMMMMMMMMMM 115 A. Land Sales in the United States: A Local Matter MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 115 B. Land Sales in England and Wales: Model for a Global SystemMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 116 Land Registry, United Kingdom, The Strategy for the Implemen- tation of E–Conveyancing in England and Wales MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 117 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 118 C. International Land Sales: Toward a Global SystemMMMMMMMMMMMM 119 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 120 Chapter 14. Land Use RegulationMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 121 A. Land Use Regulation in Context MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 121 B. Land Use in the United States, Germany, and Switzerland 122 Matthew A. Light, Different Ideas of the City: Origins of Metro- politan Land–Use Regimes in the United States, Germany, and Switzerland MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 122 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 129 C. The Globalization of Land Use Regulation MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 130 Daniel B. Magraw, International Land–Use Law MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 130 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 133 Chapter 15. Nuisance LawMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 134 Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v. Canada) MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 134 NotesMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 140 Chapter 16. Takings MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 142 A. Physical Expropriation MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 142 Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Chase Manhattan Bank MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 142 NoteMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 144 TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii

Page B. Regulatory TakingsMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 145 North American Free Trade Agreement MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 145 Metalclad Corporation v. United Mexican StatesMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 146 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 149 Fredin v. Sweden MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 149 Notes MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 153

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