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Establishing Science and Technology Parks: a Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific

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Establishing Science and Technology Parks: a Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific Establishing Science and Technology Parks: A Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP Members and Associate Members. The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as the United Nations’ regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmental platform with 53 member States and nine associate members, ESCAP has emerged as a strong regional think-tank, offering countries sound analytical products that shed light on the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region. The Commission’s strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation and integration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration. ESCAP’s research and analysis, coupled with its policy advisory services, capacity-building and technical assistance to Governments, is aimed at supporting countries’ sustainable and inclusive development ambitions. 2 Establishing a Science and Technology Park: A Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific Establishing Science and Technology Parks: A Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific United Nations Publication Copyright © 2019 United Nations All rights reserved ST/ESCAP/2862 Reference to dollars ($) are to United States dollars unless otherwise stated. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where the designation “country” or “area” appears, it covers countries, territories, cities or areas. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Bibliographical and other references have, wherever possible, been verified. The United Nations bears no responsibility for the availability or functioning of URLs. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors or case study contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the authors and contributors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. Any errors are the responsibility of the authors. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Opinions or estimates included herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of Members and Associate Members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication was produced by the Trade, Investment and Innovation Division of ESCAP. Under the guidance of Mia Mikic, Director, and Jonathan Tsuen Yip Wong, Chief of the Technology and Innovation Section, Tengfei Wang led the preparation of this publication and wrote this report with substantive contribution from Cristen Bauer. Yuefang Si, Associate Professor, East China Normal University, China, provided useful inputs. Phadnalin Ngernlim and Yuvaree Apintanapong completed all the administrative processing necessary for publishing the guidebook. Chaveemon Sukpaibool formatted the guidebook. The following experts, listed below in alphabetical order, attended an expert group meeting held in Bangkok on 18 and 19 December 2018. They shared their expertise and substantially contributed to the preparation of this report. However, it is important to note that these experts do not necessarily agree or endorse all the views and opinions expressed in this publication. • Mr. Alfonso Pangan Alamban, Regional Director, Department of Science and Technology, Region X, the Philippines. • Mr. Ivan Bogdanov, Head of the Industrial Partnership Office, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Russian Federation. • Mr. Kei Iinuma, Incubation and Investment Manager, General Staff Manager, Incubation and Investment Division, KSP, Inc., Kanagawa Science Park, Japan. • Mr. Amin Reza Khaleghian, Director-General for International Affairs and Public Relations, Pardis Technology Park, the Islamic Republic of Iran. • Mr. Sunkook Kwon, Secretary-General, Asian Science Park Association. • Mr. M. Taghi Lotfi, Senior Advisor, Pardis Technology Park, the Islamic Republic of Iran. • Ms. Sri Setiawati, Director of the Center for Research, Science and Technology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia. • Ms. Chachanat Thebtaranonth, Independent expert, Thailand. • Ms. Watcharin Witthayaweerasak, General Manager, Thai Business Incubators and Science Park Association, Bangkok, Thailand. Special thanks go to Dr Yeong-Junaq Wang, President of the Asian Science Park Association, for sharing his in- depth expertise. Invaluable suggestions from Dr Alwin Wong, Director, Institute for Entrepreneurship, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and secretary-general of the International Strategic Technology Alliance (ISTA) and Ms. Waltraut Ritter, founder of Knowledge Dialogues, are gratefully acknowledged. The report is part of a China-funded project on strengthening science and technology parks through regional knowledge-sharing of effective practices. Great support by Mr. LI Hong, Permanent Representative of China to ESCAP was important for the successful implementation of the project. Insights from the speakers and participants of the Asia-Pacific Forum on Science and Technology Park held in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China on 27-29 November 2017 are gratefully acknowledged. The report was copy edited by Robert Oliver. ii Establishing a Science and Technology Park: A Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations EPZ Export Processing Zone ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific EPZ Export Processing Zone FTZ Free Trade Zone GDP gross domestic product GPT general-purpose technologies ICT information and communications technology IT information technology OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development R&D research and development SDG Sustainable Development Goal SME small and medium-sized enterprise STI science, technology and innovation STP science and technology park UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization iii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1. Challenges for STPs ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.2. Aims and outline of the guidebook............................................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 2 NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS ..... 14 2.1. Definition of a Science and Technology Park ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2. Theories, assumptions and evidence about STPs .................................................................................................... 17 2.3. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 3 POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS ....................................................... 23 3.1. Case studies ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 China ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Japan....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Republic of Korea .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 Singapore .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Thailand ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
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