Ruffin, Edmund. The Diary of Edmund Ruffin. Edited by William K. Scarborough. 3 vols. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972-1989. Vol. 2

Roger A. Pryor, 5 Norfolk Navy Yard, 6-7 Alexander H. Stephens, 10 Foreign troops in Washington, Yankees think they will have to abandon capital, 11 Maryland and secession, 14-17 Tredegar Iron Works, 16 Missouri and secession, 16 Confederate forces should threaten Washington, 21 Overseer, military service, 22 Yankee destructiveness, women, 23 Northern Democrats have turned against the South, 30 Caution of Scott and cowardice of Lincoln and Seward, 31 Moving capital from Montgomery to Richmond, 31 Secession vote, 33, 39 Slave insurrection plot and fears, 35-36 Elmer Ellsworth, James Jackson, 36 Home guard organized, 38 Women shooting, home guard, 38 Scott believes in southern unionism, 41 European powers, blockade, recognition, 41-42 Home guard, 42 Big Bethel, 43-44, 47 George B. McClellan, 45 Confederate revolution and American revolution, 45 Stephen Douglas, 46 Southern bravery and performance in battle, 49-50 Northern despotism, 50 Winfield Scott cautious, 51 Richmond hospital, 55 Manassas campaign, 55-95 Inferior arms and ammunition, 63 Yankees enlisting slaves, insurrection, 66-67 Casualties at Manassas, 97 Thanksgiving for victory, 99-100 Needed invasion of Maryland, 101 Confiscation, fugitives slaves, 106 Missouri secession, military movements, 106-8 Nathaniel Lyon, 108 Northerners tiring of the war, many northern newspapers opposed, 110

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Should have been pursuit of Yankees after Manassas, 112 Hatteras, 115-16 Suppression of northern newspapers, habeas corpus, prisoners, 117-18 Northern views of the constitution, 119-20 Fort Macon, 127-29 Arrests in Maryland, 133-34, 136-37 Impressment, slaves, fortifications, 134-35 Henry Wise, 138-39 Confederate withdrawal from Alexandria and the Potomac, 140-41 Need for a Confederate offensive, 141 John C. Fremont, Jessie Benton Fremont, 149 Confederate currency and small bills, 155 Yankee invasion and depredations, 158 Humphrey Marshall, 158 Jefferson Davis, military appointments, nepotism, 161 Confederate elections, 162 Fasting, humiliation and prayer, 166 convention, 167-84 Mason and Slidell, 168ff Voting rights, 170-71 First Bull Run, Manassas, 175-76 Western Virginia elections, 179-80 Jefferson Davis, Sterling Price, Henry Heth, 180-82 Unionists, lower class, slavery, business connections with Yankees,186-87 James Lane, Sterling Price, Kansas, 189-90 Lincoln, Cameron, and emancipation, 191 Stone fleet, 191-92 Morale and progress of the war, 195-97 Northern resources, power, despotism, 197-99 Hinton Rowan Helper, 201 Yankee small arms and more serious wounds, 204 Nat Turner insurrection and fear of slave revolt, panic, 207-9 George B. Cheever bloodcurdling sermon, 210-11 Northern currency, gold, economic weakness, 212-13 Blockade running, prices, 216-17 John Tyler death, long assessment of Tyler's career, 217-21 Incompetent West Point commanders, 222-23 Blind Tom, 226-29 Congress, censuring Jefferson Davis conduct of the war, 229 Roanoke Island defeat, 231-33, 236-38 Slave soldiers and emancipation, 235 Jefferson Davis inauguration, 240-41 Fort Donelson, 238-43 Cotton policy, 244, 248 Arrests of unionists, Botts, 246 Virginia and the Monitor, 249-53, 263-64

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Virginia governor's call for troops, militia, 253-56 Yankee confiscation and emancipation, submission, 260-61 Foreign intervention, Yancey, 265-66 Militia call, military labor, slaves, agricultural productivity, 271 Shiloh and Albert Sidney Johnston, 276-77 Fort Donelson, 277 Peninsula campaign, 279ff Johnston and the Peninsula, Magruder, 283-84 Congressional election, universal suffrage, 288 New Orleans, 288-91 Confederate defeats but high morale, 294-95 Advancing McClellan army, danger, people trying to decide whether to refugee, 296-97 Yankee invaders on Peninsula, women in danger, 300-1 Lost of the Norfolk, and the Virginia, Jefferson Davis, Huger, 301-2 Paper shortage, 303 Unionist Confederate official, traitor, 303 Boteler, Stonewall Jackson, Jefferson Davis, 308 Slave impressment, 309 His son absent from his military post, disgrace, 310-11 Andrew Johnson and fear of assassination, 311 McDowell, McClellan and relative size of the two armies, 312-14 Slaves and Yankees, 317-21 Recruitment of older men, Richmond, 321 Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, 325ff Dead and wounded on the field, 328-29 Discontent and possible revolution against Davis administration, Floyd, 331 Rose O'Neal Greenhow, 334 Withholding of McDowell from McClellan, 336 Jeb Stuart, 337 *Yankee motive, plunder, 341-43 Deserter captured, 343 *Slaves leaving, deluded blacks, uncertain future, 345-47, 349-50 *Fears effects of shortages and high prices, need for offensive to relieve pressure, 347-49 Slave refugees, overseer, 151-52 Strategy for Seven Days, 352-53 Slave runaways, slave sales, 353 Butler and Mumford, 354 Seven Days, 355ff Yankee damage to his property, 368 Slaves leaving and probably returned, 368, 371 McClellan, 370 Slaves departures and returns, 373 McClellan recent battles, northern press, 374 Fleeing slave captured and sold, 375 Generals Huger and Magruder, 380 , 381-83

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Confederate prisoners, civilians, 383-85 Yankees plundering property and slaves, 386-87 John Pope's orders and retaliation, 387, 390 Unionists, oath, 390 William Nelson Pendleton, Manassas, 392-93 Davis, Pope, retaliation, 405 English opinion on the war, 406-7 Inflation, cost of living, 407 Northern militia draft, 411 Racial and Irish riots in the north, 412 Guerilla warfare, 413 Confederate military policy, 415 Yankee destruction of Ruffin's property, 416-19 Loss of slaves, 421 Farm prices, 426-27 General Huger, 427 Yankees rob and abuse slaves, 430-31 Make peace with northwestern states, Mississippi navigation, 431-33 Hospitality for soldiers, misbehavior of Confederate soldiers, 434-35 French and English diplomacy, 435-36 Confederate naval officers, 437 Jefferson Davis and Judah Benjamin, 438 Peace sentiments in the North, 446 Antietam, 448ff Complaints about the lack of authentic Confederate battle reports, 450-51 Deserters and stragglers, 451-52 Jefferson Davis and religion. 451-52, 459-60 Fence laws, 452-53 Emancipation Proclamation, 453, 455-56, 458, 473 Arrests, northern opposition, 458 Butler, oath, New Orleans, 460 Prices, inflation, food, Confederate money, 461-62 Extortioners, 462 Counterfeiting Confederate money, 463 Perryville, 464ff Slave prices, Emancipation Proclamation, fugitive slaves, race troubles in North, 466-68 End of Bragg's Kentucky campaign, 471, 478 Jefferson Davis and appointment of general, 474 Political divisions in the North, 474-75 Slaves and Yankees, families, 476-77 New York election, 478 Peace, northern economic weaknesses, 479 Richmond, crime, 480-81 Indecisive military victories, inferior numbers, better soldiers, 482-84 Union navy and Confederate ports, 484-85 Northern elections, New York, Democrats, 485-88

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Removal of McClellan, 489 Price and Confederate money, 490 George W. Randolph, 491 Fredericksburg, 492ff Slave families, separation by sale, 492-93 Salt prices, 493 James A. Seddon, 493 Peace Democrats, John Van Buren, Fernando Wood, Copperheads, 494-96 France, Russia, England, recognition of the Confederacy, 498, 502, 504 Yankee mistreatment of slaves, 502-4 Lincoln message to Congress, emancipation, 505 Pillaging by slaves, 511 Plundering in Fredericksburg, 514-15 Creation of , 515-16 England and France, opinion, intervention, 516-18 Cabinet crisis, Seward, 519 Jefferson Davis, Butler, retaliation proclamation, 518-20 Peace sentiments in North, newspapers, suppression, 521-22 Vicksburg, 522-23 Yankee military strength, peace sentiments, Europe, 524-25 Horatio Seymour, 525 Emancipation Proclamation, 525-26, 533-34, 559 Northwestern Confederacy, 526-27, 540-41 Bragg, Stones River, Murfreesboro, 527ff William T. Sherman retaliation orders, Memphis, 528 West Virginia, oath, 528-29 Yankee barbarism and retaliation, 529-30 Poor health, 531 Virginia Senate election, 538 Jefferson Davis and retaliation, 538-39 Peace sentiments in North, Democrats, 539 Review of life, strengths and weakness, popular judgment, 541-48 Demagoguery, 542-43 Northern opposition to Lincoln, Democrats, 549-552 Slave loyalty and disloyalty, 553-55 Mud March, 557ff First Manassas, 559-60 Peace sentiments in northern states, Lincoln, 560-63 Joseph Hooker, 564-65 Vicksburg, 566-67 Virginia commissioners, secession, , 568-71 Prices, 574 Northwestern Confederacy, 575, 577-80 French intervention in the war, 579-81 Congress, finances, currency, 581-82 French, Mexico, and the Civil War, 582-83, 589-90

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Hunter and black troops, 584 Yankee deserters, 585 Charleston and Yankees, 587 Massachusetts soldiers, Army of the Potomac, Hooker, McClellan, 590-91 Prices, 591-92 Habeas corpus and Lincoln, 593-94 West Virginia, 594-95 Richmond boarding houses, 596 Food prices, 596 Yankees and slaves, colonization, 598-99 France, diplomatic recognition, 599-600 Prices, Confederate money, 600-1 General Banks and emancipation in Louisiana, failure of free labor, 601-3 Confederate Congress and finance, 603-4 Richmond food prices, 604 English opinion and the Confederacy, slavery, 608-9 Kelly's Ford battle, 610 Richmond bread riot, 612-14, 621, 625 Food prices, 612-14 Copperheads, Vallandigham, peace terms, 615-16 Charleston, Yankee bombardment, 618-20 Confederate bonds and European powers, 620 Confederate plundering, 622 Cavalry supplies, high hay prices, 624 Chancellorsville campaign, 630ff Yankees and black troops, 632-33 Yankee raiders visit Ruffin property, 633-39 Yankee intentions, destruction, depredations, 646 Death of Stonewall Jackson, 646-48 Stoneman's cavalry raid on Richmond, 658-59 Factory fire in Richmond, 659 Democratic meeting in New York, Vallandigham, 664, 667 Yankees and Webster's dictionary, 665 Yankees expel civilians from occupied towns, 667 Virginia elections, 668 Yankees and former slaves, wages, 670-72 Alcohol use, 673-75

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