Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
觀塘海濱花園 未來綜合發展研究報告
English Version 24 February 2011
觀塘區議會 觀塘區議會觀塘海濱發展工作會議 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Development Working Group Kwun Tong District Council Kwun Tong District Council 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
Preface This study conducted by the academic staff and students of the Community Project Workshop (CPW) of the Hong Kong University Faculty of Architecture explored the urban development potentials for Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. Through meeting and exchanging ideas with the local residents of Kwun Tong in a number of public consultation sessions, the HKU CPW team was able to gain more understanding of the visions of the residents. CPW was acting as a platform to encourage more community participation and exchange of ideas. This process involved a bottom-up approach where valuable comments from the various stakeholders of the district were collected and analyzed. The relationship between the district’s economic, social, cultural and conservation backgrounds was considered prior to the team’s design proposal. It was hoped that by professional research and public participating in the decision making process could contribute to a more meaningful and sustainable future vision plan for the district of Kwun Tong.
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Contents 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Study Area 1.4 Research Philosophy & Methodology
2 Baseline Study 7
2.1 Kwun Tong Background and History 2.2 Land Use Distribution 2.3 Urban Redevelopment & Planning in Kwun Tong and adjacent area 2.4 Transportation 2.5 Site Visit 2.6 Public Consultation Workshops 2.7 Questionnaire Survey
3 Vision and Proposal 37 3.1 Design Concept 3.2 Design Inspirations 3.3 Overseas Case Studies 3.4 Monorail Case Study 3.5 Strategies
4 Conclusion 72 5 Appendices 73
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4 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Study Area 1.4 Research Philosophy & Methodology
1 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Study Area
Victoria Harbour is well known internationally as an The revitalization of the waterfront demands the active This report mainly focuses on Kwun Tong Waterfront icon of Hong Kong and a unique natural asset. The participation of the various stakeholders in order Promenade Phase I and II area. The neighbouring functional use of Victoria Harbour is not only limited to to balance the different needs of the community. areas and associated districts around Kwun Tong shipping and transportation, but also tourism, leisure Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I is a case are to be included in the study area in order to give and recreation. The Hong Kong SAR Government has in point. Having involved the community and various a comprehensive view for an integrated district commissioned a series of consultancy studies on the Government Departments from its conception to development plan. planning and development of Kwun Tong Waterfront completion, the design scheme intended to reflect Promenade areas since 1999. Many urban studies that the public needs. As such, the Community Project In addition, CPW will not only look into the have been conducted along the waterfront areas were Workshop (CPW) of The University of Hong Kong has redevelopment potential of Kwun Tong Waterfront followed by various enhancement projects. been commissioned by the Kwun Tong District Council Promenade Phase II area, it will also investigate the since August 2010 to further engage the public in the current district conditions, such as economic and Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I, completed planning of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase social values to give a more comprehensive and in- on January 16 2010, is one of the key waterfront II. With an aim to formulate a design proposal to assist depth study. enhancement projects supported by the Government the District in its future urban development, CPW will and the local District Council. The project not only conduct background research, public consultation responds to the community’s call for more waterfront sessions and submit a design proposal to the District recreational space, but also to the need of more sub- Council and the concerned Government Departments. regional development in the District of Kwun Tong. This project complements the Southeast Kowloon Development Plan to create a continuous waterfront promenade extending from Kai Tak to Cha Kwo Ling. The termination of the cargo activities that took place at the current Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I paved the way for the completion of the promenade re-development scheme. The Government plans to remove the remaining cargo operation activities for the Phase II re-development along the waterfront. The long term objectives of the improvement work is to link Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade with Cha Kwo Ling District, resulting in an extended promenade stretching from Tsim Sha Tsui to Lei Yue Mun.
Fig.1.1.1 The completed Phase I KTWP Fig.1.1.2 Current Condition of Phase II KTWP
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Study Area
100m
Fig. 1.13 Study Area Diagram 3 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
1.4 Research Philosophy & Methodology
This Phase II development study adopts a bottom- 3. Collection of Public Opinion up approach, which will collate the opinions of Community input to the development of Kwun Tong various community stakeholders in the planning and Waterfront Promenade were collected through two design of the proposal. Expertise will also be drawn public consultation workshops carried out on October from professional disciplines, such as architecture, 23rd and 30th 2010 at the Kwun Tong Community landscape architecture, urban planning and design, Town Hall. The main purpose of the workshop was land economy and sociology to explore various to provide a platform for the various stakeholders to development potentials. A 4-step research approach express their visions and suggestions towards the has been applied as follows: development of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase II. Many community groups and representatives were present to give their views in the sharing sessions. 1. Desktop Research The detailed documentation of the two sessions is Through collating baseline information on Kwun recorded in this report. Tong’s waterfront, using land maps, the Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) and transportation data, CPW CPW also conducted mail-drop, telephone and can identify and analyse the district’s development internet surveys in November and December 2010 potentials with reference to the “Kwun Tong Urban to further engage public views. The survey was Renewal District Aspirations Study” initiated by the conducted to collect public opinions from Kwun Tong Urban Renewal Authority in 2009 and conducted by residents, business operators and tourists based on the HKU CPW team in 2009. how they perceive Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I and what they considered to be the key issues in the development of Kwun Tong Waterfront 2. Site Visit Promenade Phase II. The results of the survey provided Two site visits to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade quantitative data for further analysis of this study. Phase I and Kwun Tong Public Cargo Working Area (KTPCWA) were conducted on October 9th and 16h 2010, with the support of the Marine Department. 4. Data Analysis and Report Drafting District Councillors Mr Poon Chun-yuen, MH, Ms So This study has taken into account the baseline study Lai-chun, Mr Tang Wing-chun and Mr Henry Poon and the public views collected from the two public Shiu-man accompanied our CPW team to conduct engagement workshops and the telephone and the two in-situ analysis tours to understand some internet surveys. From these, a draft design proposal is background issues on-site. to be formulated for the District’s further consideration.
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Research Flow Chart
Conduct Site Visits, Meetings with District Councillors and Baseline Research
Conduct Site Visits
Identify Key Issues
Public Engagement Workshop I & II
Mail-drop, Telephone and Internet Survey
Data Analysis & Formulate Master Plan
Presentation to Kwun Tong District Council
Refine Master Plan if Necessary
Finalized Master Plan
Fig. 1.4.1 Research Flow
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2 Baseline Study 2.1 Kwun Tong Background and History 2.2 Land Use 2.3 Urban Redevelopment and Planning in Kwun Tong and the Adjacent Areas 2.4 Transportation 2.5 On-site Visit 2.6 Public Engagement Workshops 2.7 Survey
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2.1 Kwun Tong Background and History
Kwun Tong is situated at the eastern tip of the as industrial development reached its peak, the mass project will act as a catalyst for the urban revitalization Kowloon Peninsula and is one of the largest transit railway (MTR) was constructed to connect of the entire District of Kwun Tong. It is hoped that this administrative districts among the 18 districts in Hong Kwun Tong to the rest of the city and to support its project will also trigger redevelopment interests in Kong. Geographically, Kwun Tong is bound by the urban development. the neighbouring areas such as Lei Yue Mun, Nga Tau Kowloon Peak to the east, Lei Yue Mun to the south, Kwog Estate and Anderson Road. On the other hand, the former Kai Tak Airport to the west and Wong Tai With the rapid industrial growth of China in the late the urban regeneration of the former Kai Tak Airport Sin to the north. Kwun Tong has a total land area of 1970s, many manufacturing industries in Hong Kong site is seen as having potential to further stimulate 1,130 hectares, which covers six major sub-districts moved north to the Mainland to take advantage of tourism and commercial development in the district. including Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong Town Centre, its less expensive labor and land costs. As a result, Kai Tak is believed to be a high profile urban renewal Shun Lee, Sau Mau Ping, Lam Tin and Yau Tong. Kwun Tong became a district with a diminishing site in the southeastern part of Kowloon. As a result, According to the Hong Kong Census and Statistical manufacturing industry in the 1990s. These vacant greater attention has been put into improving the Department (2010), Kwun Tong has a total population industrial buildings were subsequently re-used as quality of life of local residents, with a particular of 594,400 as of mid-2009, which represents 8.5% of commercial buildings, warehouses, offices and studios emphasis on enhancing harbour-front recreational the total population of Hong Kong. for creative industries. This trend is most common spaces such as Kwun Tong’s waterfront areas. around developments in Kwun Tong Road and Hoi The history of Kwun Tong can be traced back to the Yuen Road where new commercial activities such as Sung Dynasty. More recent urban development of art galleries are most prominent. In order to facilitate the District has been recorded since the 1950s when more of these commercial activities, the Town Kwun Tong became one of the first satellite cities Planning Board (TPB) amended the Outline Zoning in Hong Kong. In the 1950s, the area of the current Plan of Kwun Tong in 2001, allowing industrial land Kwun Tong was chosen for reclamation due to the to be rezoned to “Other Specified Uses” annotated as saturation of industrial land in Ngau Tau Kwok and a “Business Zone”. Besides allowing greater flexibility Tsuen Wan Districts. The Government needed a new in the usage of existing industrial buildings, this OZP area to develop the growing industry and space to amendment further sets the development direction develop more manufacturing factories to cope with of the district towards a commercial centre. Major business. With the increase in land demand and the developments in recent years, including APM and population growth of the 1960s, the Government MegaBox and the redevelopment of Kwun Tong further developed the entire southern part of Kwun Town Centre, have further laid the foundation for a Tong as a new industrial zone with mass construction more diversified commercial development. Fig.2.1.1 of factories and public housing estates. Yue Man
Square, situated in today’s Kwun Tong’s center, was At the same time, the Urban Renewal Authority Fig.2.1.1 1970s Kwun Tong Waterfront further developed as a commercial area to serve Kwun (URA) has announced the redevelopment scheme Fig.2.1.2 1960s Hoi Yuen Road Tong and the whole East Kowloon to cope with rapid for Kwong Tong Town Centre at Yue Man Square in Fig.2.1.2 Fig.2.1.3 industrialization and population growth. In the 1970s, March 2007. This large scale complex redevelopment Fig.2.1.3 Current Hoi Yuen Road 8 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
megaBOX 2006 apm 2008 Future Yue Man Square Reconstruction
Fig.2.1.4 Kwun Tong is continuously renewing and transforming
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2.2 Land Use
The land use distribution of Kwun Tong is separated As mentioned in the previous chapter, the Town In view of the need for more sustainable urban by Kwun Tong Road. Most of the industrial activities Planning Board (TPB) amended the Outline Zoning development and to revitalize all of the surrounding are concentrated south of Kwun Tong Road and Plan of Kwun Tong in 2001, allowing industrial land areas of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade, Phase most of the larger residential complexes, housing to be rezoned to “Other Specified Uses” annotated II of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade needs to estates and commercial activities are located north as a “Business Zone.” Some 45.57 hectares of new cultivate a comprehensive planning strategy. This of Kwun Tong Road. This separated zoning within industrial zoned land will be converted to mixed- planning strategy will need to consider and balance the district has resulted in some internal segregation. commercial purposes, creating more potential venues the network of transportation, the development of For example, the Phase I of Kwun Tong Waterfront for entrepreneur establishments and A-grade offices. the Kai Tak Airport area for cultural and recreational Promenade which is located in the “industrial zone” On the other hand, there is an increase in the number use, as well as the growth of visitors into the district. is rather distant from most of the major housing of new hotel applications. 13 recorded new hotel estates and residential areas. Residents find it difficult developments have been approved by the Town as the location is far away and the connection to the Planning Board. The change in land use has allowed area is indirect. If one wishes to visit the waterfront, a greater flexibility in the usage of existing industrial one needs to pass through congested streets or even buildings and has created a more sustainable loading / unloading areas within the industrial zone. development model for the district. In view of this, the redevelopment of the Phase II Waterfront must look into a more comprehensive planning strategy where planning of traffic diversion, connectivity, distribution of various land usages are considered in order to create a well-balanced urban space. http://www.mpfinance.com/ftp/Finance/20080409/la/09laa.gif Fig.2.2.1 Developers plan for the redevelopment of industrial building into commercial building
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其他插圖範圍* Boundary for other maps*
http://www.mpfinance.com/ftp/Finance/20080409/la/09laa.gif
*Fig.2.2.4, 2.2.5, 2.2.6. 11 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.3 Locations of Kwun Tong Public Housing Estate
Choi Ha Estate
Kowloon Bay MTR Station
Lok Wah Estate
Upper Ngau Tak Kok Sau Mau Ping Estate Estate
Wo Lok Estate
Ngau Tau Kok MTR Station Tsui Ping Estate
Hing Tin Estate Kwun Tong MTR Station
Kai Tin Estate
Ping Tin Estate
Tak Tin Estate
Yau Tong Estate
12 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.4 Current Land Use of Kwun Tong Industrial Area Hoi Yuen Road Hoi Yuen Kwun Tong Road
Kwun Tong Bypass
N 100m 13 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.5 Outline Zoning Plan of Kwun Tong Industrial Area
Kwun Tong Road Road Hoi Yuen
Kwun Tong Bypass
N 100m 14 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.6 Industrial Area Building Age Analysis Hoi Yuen Road Hoi Yuen Kwun Tong Road
Kwun Tong Bypass
N 100m 15 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.7 Open Space and Green Space Distribution
Ngau Tau Kok MTR
Kwun Tong MTR
Ferry Pier
N 100m 16 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.2.8 Designated Land Use of Industrial Area Waterfront
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2.3 Urban Redevelopment and Planning in Kwun Tong and the Adjacent Areas
Despite the fact that Kwun Tong Waterfront The vision for Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade The proposed mix of housing, schools, public amenities Promenade is within the Kwun Tong District, it is Phase II, along with the Kai Tak Development, is to and commercial activities will become the core of the listed under the statutory Kai Tak Outline Zoning Plan. develop it into “a Distinguished, Vibrant, Attractive development. The scheme also allows provisions for Under the current Kai Tak Outline Zoning Plan, the and People-oriented area by the Victoria Harbour.” Government Offices and A-grade commercial offices. redevelopment of the former Kai Tak Airport site and The total planning area of KTD covers over 280 In recent years, industrial restructuring and relocation Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade are to be viewed hectares of the ex-airport site and its adjoining areas. of production lines and factories to the Mainland as a comprehensive development project known It involves a comprehensive redevelopment of the China have resulted in plenty of factory units being as the Kai Tak Development (KTD) spanning over ex-airport site into an area for commercial, residential, left vacant. 320 hectares, which is the largest available land area recreational, tourism and community uses together fronting Victoria Harbour. with supporting infrastructure.
Under the Kai Tak OZP, Kwun Tong Waterfront The Kai Tak Development (KTD) is a huge and highly Promenade is to be divided into two phases. The first complex development project including the ex-airport phase, which covers the runway park together with site together with the adjoining hinterland districts the waterfront promenade at the Kwun Tong Public of Kowloon City, Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong. It is Cargo Working Area (PCWA), will provide a much intended that after a thorough planning and public needed open space for the enjoyment of both the participation process, the finalized scheme of KTD local residents and the community at large. As for the can provide a mix of community, housing, business, Kwun Tong PCWA, the Government has consolidated tourism and infrastructural uses. What’s more, the Kai the vacant berths and identified in 2010 a 200-metre Tak Development plan seeks to practice sustainable long waterfront promenade for park and recreation development and cultivate a comprehensive network uses. The phase II redevelopment of the Waterfront of parks and gardens for everyone to enjoy. It is Promenade will be extended as the existing PCWA is intended to offer opportunities to bring the harbour to phased out gradually by 2011, resulting in a total of the people and to provide a quality living environment 900 metres linear length of park use. for its residents.
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Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Floor Plan
Ngau Tau Kok MTR Entrance Kwun Tong Industrial Area Entrance Hoi Bun Road Hoi Bun Road Hoi Bun Road Loading/Unloading Area
Kwun Tong Bypass Kwun Tong Bypass Peripheral Beautification
Performance Space
Playground Landmark Promenade Loading Bay
Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Stage 1 Development Boundary Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase 1 Developed Area Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter
about 200m Fig.2.3.2 Current programmes at the waterfront (2010) and developmental direction in planning stage 50m
Kwun Tong Ferry Pier
Fig.2.3.1 Current programmes at the waterfront (2010)
19 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.3.3 Kai Tak New Development Area Land Use
20 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.3.4 Kai Tak New Development Area Land Use
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2.4 Transportation
There are currently five MTR stations in Kwun Tong On the water transportation aspect, there are On the other hand, the Shatin-to-Central Link will District; namely Kowloon Bay, Ngau Tau Kwok, Kwun currently three ferry services from Kwun Tong to extend railway services via Kai Tak to areas is proposed Tong, Nam Tin and Yau Tong stations. Out of the five North Point, Sai Wan Hoi and Lei Yue Mun. Since the in some vision plans. With more proposed interchange stations, Ngau Tau Kwok is the closest to the Waterfront ferry terminal is not located close to the city center points, passengers will be given greater access to Promenade. The pedestrian route to the Waterfront and the walking passage to the ferry terminal is every corner of the territory. The proposed Route 6, Promenade, however, is not a pleasant route at the indirect, the ferry services have not been fully utilized comprising the Central Kowloon Route, Trunk Road T2 moment. One has to overcome many traffic obstacles, as a popular means of public transportation. Once and Tseung Kwan O – Lam Tin Tunnel, will provide via such as pedestrian tunnels, elevated walkways and there are more activities along the promenade, such Kai Tak a convenient direct route linking West and East traffic roundabouts. It is a convoluted way to arrive at as the proposed bike paths and recreational facilities, Kowloon as well as an east-west express link between the Waterfront Promenade. Some of the passages are there will be more residents who may try to use this Kowloon and Tseung Kwan O areas. exposed to heavy vehicular traffic, resulting not only in alternative means of transportation. Our study looks an unpleasant, but also somewhat dangerous arrival. at some overseas examples to learn how to increase pedestrian use of alternative public transportation If one chooses to exit from Kwun Tong MTR station, such as a sea-buses or monorail to connect within the routing is even longer and narrower. One needs the district and beyond. to meander through the industrial areas of Hoi Yuen Road, and then followed by the congested conditions As the urban components are diversified, so are the of the roads. The multiple traffic lights and obsolete demand on other existing infrastructure such as the street infrastructure make the route to the Waterfront roads, pedestrian links, water supply, drainage and Promenade uninteresting and uninviting. sewerage systems. The Kowloon East infrastructure facilities are already experiencing some overload. The In view of all of these areas for improvement, our study improvement plan to transport infrastructure with suggests a more comprehensive pedestrian network respect to the Shatin to Central Link, will alleviate be developed to facilitate the pedestrian traffic to the the current Kwun Tong traffic. Moreover, a linkage Waterfront Promenade. First, the network connectivity between Kwun Tong and Kai Tai also deserves between the housing estates and the various MTR special attention for better connectivity between stations needs to be consolidated to provide a more the two headlands. Potential developments of a direct and safer path from the residences to the bridge linkage, pedestrian walkway, ferry services waterfront. On the other hand, more considerations are considered as options for building a better need to be invested into barrier-free passages to offer transportation network in the area to facilitate the an unobstructed path for elderly and wheelchair users. Waterfront Promenade.
Fig.2.4.1 Kwun Tong Ferry Pier (Current) 22 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.4.2 Major Footbridges
23 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.4.3 Major Transportation Analysis
24 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report 2.4.4 Major Roads and Waterfront Linkages
牛頭角 Ngau Tau Kwok
觀塘 Kwun Tong
藍田 Lam Tin
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2.5 On-site Visit
Two site visits to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade With a background understanding of the adjoining Phase I and Kwun Tong Public Cargo Working Area environment and conditions, the CPW team has (KTPCWA) were conducted on October 9th and identified some critical points for analysis: 16h 2010. A total of 38 visitors from the following University Departments and Colleges participated the • Traffic connectivity to Kwun Tong Waterfront two site tours: Promenade - Accessibility The University of Hong Kong - Means of Transportation • Department of Architecture - Inter-district connection • Division of Landscape Architecture - Inner-district connection • Department of Urban Planning and Design • Department of Sociology • Urban Planning and Design to Kwun Tong • Department of Education Waterfront Promenade • Hong Kong University School of Professional and - Proposed Facilities Continuing Education - Proposed landscape
With the support of the Marine Department, special access was grant to our team to visit the KTPCWA. Special thanks also goes to the District Councillors Mr Poon Chun-yuen, MH, Ms So Lai-chun, Mr Tang Wing- chun and Mr Henry Poon Shiu-man who accompanied our CPW team to conduct two in-situ analysis tours to understand some background issues such as on-site land use.
Fig.2.5.1 On-site Visit
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2.6 Public Consultation Workshops
Our CPW team recognizes public views as essential Community input to the development of Kwun Tong 2.61 Key points in Workshop to developing proposals for the use of the Waterfront Waterfront Promenade was collected through two Promenade. In order to offer a platform and to maximize public consultation workshops carried out on 23rd (Chinese Version Only) the opportunities for local residents to voice their and 30th October 2010 at the Kwun Tong Community opinion, the CPW team has conducted two sessions of Town Hall. The main purpose of the workshop was to public consultation workshops carried out on October provide a platform for various stakeholders 2.62 Public Consultation Workshops I 23rd and 30th 2010 at the Kwun Tong Community Group Discussion Summary Town Hall. Interested community stakeholders, commercial sector representatives, district councilors, (Chinese Version Only) professionals, including architects and planners, and various community groups’ representatives were invited to the sessions to express their visions and 2.63 Public Consultation Workshops II suggestions towards the development of Phase II. Group Discussion Summary Rundown of the workshop is as follow: (Chinese Version Only) The session began with an opening speech by Chairman Mr Poon Chun-yuen, followed by a Time Programme background introduction to Kwun Tong Waterfront 9:30 – 10:00am Registration and Grouping Arrangement Promenade Phase I and II development, and an (30 mins) invitation to discuss the development plan of the 10:00 – 10:10am Opening Remarks and Speaker: Introduction for the “Kwun (10 mins) Mr. Poon Chun-yuen district. The participants were divided into sub- Tong Waterfront Promenade & Master of Ceremonies groups to further explore the possibilities of the Phase II Public Consultation Workshop” revitalization of the Waterfront areas. The participants 10:10 - 10:20am Baseline Review of the Study Speaker: were encouraged to look at not only the immediate Areas CPW Representatives site along the promenade, but also adjoining areas (20 mins) where there are important elements to contribute to 10:20 – 11:20am Group Discussion CPW Representatives the entire economic and social growth of the district. (60 mins) 11:20 - 11:50am Group Presentation Reporters: After individual group discussion, each group sent (30 mins) Group Representatives a representative to present the group’s findings. A summary of the findings of the Public Consultation 11:50 – 12:00am Closing Remarks Group Representatives Workshops was recorded in the subsequent tables. (10 mins)
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2.7 Survey
Survey Objectives Results
The survey aims to collect public views from the The surveys were conducted between 11 November The data obtained from the questionnaire surveys Kwun Tong residents, business operators and tourists and 12 December 2010. 1,100 questionnaires were could be interpreted from two different perspectives; based on how they perceive Kwun Tong Waterfront sent together with invitation letters via local mail from the users point of view on the daily utilization of Promenade Stage I and what they consider to be or fax. A total number of 544 questionnaires were Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade or from a develop- essential issues for the future development of Kwun received. After eliminating those duplicated or ment point of view. Tong Waterfront Promenade Stage II. At the same uncompleted questionnaires, 475 of them were valid. time, the consolidated data from the surveys has In the meantime, telephone and internet survey were the ability to illustrate the rate of support among the conducted, 20 and 15 questionnaires among the society regarding the future development of the area, received questionnaires were considered to be valid. to increase the accuracy of our assumptions and to The questionnaire is attached at Appendix A. give more credibility to this research study.
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Current Usage of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade
After summarizing the survey result, it can be concluded s that the majority of respondents agreed that Kwun Majority of(79.6%)interviewee Tong Waterfront Promenade was primarily designed have bever been to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade for leisure and recreation purposes. In line with this view, facilities such as cycling track, water sports centre, barbecue site were thought to be most appropriate amongst the interviewees. Meanwhile, alresco dining restaurants and fast food kiosks which provide outdoor eating areas also received support from about half of the respondents. As to the accessibility and ~60% of interviewees do not know the Waterfront Promenade transportation questions, some respondents pointed out that insufficient transportation and pedestrian connection between the waterfront and hinterland was the primary reason why they have never been to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I. Therefore, the idea of providing a monorail connecting Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade to other areas is generally supported as a mean of improving the connectivity Over 50%(54%)of those who have been to the promenade to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. Another half only visit the Promenade on Special Occassions or Holiday of the respondents who have not been to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I expressed that they did not know its existing or because of a lack of indications or road signs.
29 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
Development of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade
The questionnaire also discussed the goal of Kwun About half (51.8%) of the respondents expressed In the opinion of the respondents, there were some Tong Waterfront Promenade development. It is their support of enriching the facilities of Kwun Tong interconnections between some independent assumed that adding popular or habitual facilities are Waterfront Promenade and agreed to increase their questions. The research team investigated the samples the most direct ways to increase the attractiveness visits if facilities were added. Comparatively speaking, through statistics analysis such as Pearson’s Chi Square to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. Therefore, only 3% of respondents would not use Kwun Tong test and Phi Correlation. Overall speaking, in the 95% Question Six to Eight focused on the relationship Waterfront Promenade in case of additional facilities. It confident interval, correlations are concentrated between users and facilities (Appendices). revealed that the enrichment of appropriate facilities to the topic of building a monorail system. In the would be the key to success to improve and increase computerized analysis, respondents who agreed The statistic result showed that respondents perform the utilization of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. to construct the monorail tended to use the park in an average of 2~3 activities in parks simultaneously in a relatively passive way, such as playing chess (Phi one visit. Strolling is one of the most popular activities Respondents were asked to indicate their preferences 0.182), taking rest (Phi 0.178), reading (Phi 0.153) and in the park, which 68.8% of respondents prefer to have between two opposite views (could be neutral) in strolling (Phi 0.103); Respondents who conducted a stroll in the promenade (the percentage shown here Question Ten. The items which received more than more activities in the park would have a higher refers to the ratio of answering “yes” in that particular 50% of support included providing a continuous possibility to support the construction of monorail activity). Chatting (57.5%), taking a rest (56.7%) are promenade connecting Lei Yue Man and Cha Kwo (Pearson R 0.232). At the same time, supporters to the also sizable activities done by the respondents. On the Ling (51%). Apart from this, 61% of the respondents monorail also supported treating children (Phi 0.167) other hand, dancing (7.5%), playing Tai Chi (6.3%) and agreed that Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade and elderly (Phi 0.172) as one of the major target playing chess (6.47%) are the less popular activities. should simultaneously satisfy the needs of Kwun Tong groups of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade and vice In regards to adding more diverse facilities to Kwun residents and tourists. Besides, more respondents versa. If analysing the monorail and the design options Tong Waterfront Promenade, respondents suggested tended to favor the use of Kwun Tong Waterfront to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade in Cramer’s V an average of 5.23 activities, majority of respondents Promenade to be quiet (45%) instead of a lively one test, it was proofed that respondents were more likely (60.2%) wanted to place a bicycle trail onto Kwun Tong (33%). While respondents were split concerning the to agree with providing a continuous promenade Waterfront Promenade. Amongst the respondents design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade, with connecting Lei Yue Man and Cha Kwo Ling (Cramer’s who suggested to add more public facilities, 47.3% 37% of respondents in favor of the design of Kwun V 0.189) and satisfying residents’ and tourists’ needs would like to see a monorail, 43.9% snack kiosk (and Tong Waterfront Promenade to reflect more of simultaneously (Cramer’s V 0.194). 42.8% barbecue ring (89.3% of respondents supported the local culture and characteristics of Kwun Tong, at least one facility in the future master plan. At the compared to 33% of respondents preferred the Since the suggestion of constructing a new monorail was same time, water sport activities (38.8%) and alfresco design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade should supported by relatively large number of respondents dining restaurants (37.8%) were also very popular coordinate closely with the future development of Kai and it was found that this result correlates with the among the respondents, which received nearly 40% Tak area. habit of target users and the objectives of future district of support. development, our research team recommended that constructing a new monorail in the district could be one of the key infrastructural programmes to serve the community and to fulfil the expectation of respondents. 30 觀塘區海濱花園發展建議 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
Question 1 Question 2 Have you ever been to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I? Refer to Question 1, what is the major reason why you have never been to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I?
38.3% Know the Promenade but have never been visited
61.7% Do not know the Promenade
80% Never Visited
20% Have Visited 11% Have no time for the visit 62% Never hear of Promenade
Promenade Phase 1 2% 4% Never been to Park has limited space 5% Inadequate Transportation
No suitable facilities Promenade is distant Inadequate Guidance, unable 2% 6% 8% in the Promenade from home, difficult to reach to reach the Promenade
Question 1 Results Question 2 Results According to the survey result, a majority of the survey respondents (80%) has More than 60% of the respondents selected “Do not know the existing of Kwun never visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I. Only 20% of the survey Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I” as the major reason. While a majority of respondents have visited Kwun Tong. the remaining respondents concerned the accessibility problems of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade, where respondents tended to agree that Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I had insufficient transportation linkage between the harbor-front and the city centre. 31 觀塘區海濱花園發展建議 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
Question 3 Question 4 Refer to Q1，how often do you visit Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase 1? What is the major reasons for visiting Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I? The following pie chart shows how often the respondents visit Kwun Tong Water- The following pie chart shows the major reasons why respondents visit Kwun Tong front Promenade Phase I. Waterfront Promenade Phase I.
4% Bring friends for a visit Twice/ Three times 11% Less than twice 27% Once or twice per month 1% per week Rest/Using Recreational Facilities/ 20% 31% Appreciate Habourfront View 24% Passing/ Jogging No specfic intention Only on special occasion Everyday/more than 55% 7% Only once a week/weekends 0% and holiday four times per week 5% Appreciate Waterscape Performance 18% Joining DC/other organisation facilities 1% Others
Question 3 Results Question 4 Results Amongst the 103 respondents who have visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade The reasons why respondents visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I Phase I, 54% of the respondents mentioned that they visited Kwun Tong Waterfront could be divided into 4 main categories. Majority of respondents (30%) visited Kwun Promenade only on special holidays. While 27% of the respondents visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I with an aim to enjoy the sea view of Kwun Tong Tong Waterfront Promenade once or twice a month. Results indicated that Kwun harborfront, while 19% of respondents visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I was not a place where users visit frequently. Phase I to attend activities organized by district council or other specific organizations. Meanwhile, 18% of respondents visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I for leisure and recreation purposes. While more than 20% of respondents visited Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I with no special purpose.
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Question 5 Question 6 On a scale from 1-10 (1 lowest, 10 highest) how would you rate the overall status of What activities do you commonly do in park? Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I?
Others 11 35 Sit & Rest 289 6.23 30 Dining 54
Chating 293 25 Chess 33 20 Reading 80 Number of Interviewee Dancing 38 15 Ball Games 132 10 Tai Chi 32
Jogging 128 5 Walking 351 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Score
Question 5 Results Question 6 Results The rating was close to be normally distributed with a mean of 6.23. The result With regards to the activities that respondents commonly would perform in the indicated that respondents were not entirely satisfied with the overall status of Kwun park, 3 activities were considered to be the most popular by more than half of the Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase I. respondents, namely strolling (68.8%, 351), chatting (57.5%, 293) and sitting (56.7%, 289). On the other hand, only a minority of respondents chose dancing (7.5%, 38), playing TaiChi (6.3%, 32), playing chess and card games (6.47%, 33).
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Question 7 Question 8 Do you think it is important to have the following facilities in the design of Kwun Will you visit Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade more frequently if the facilities you Tong Waterfront Promenade Phase II? have chosen have been added?
Others Pet Facilities 105 Art Avenue 175 Barrier Free Pedestrian Facilities 109 Seafood Pier 108 Children Playground Facilities 149 Fitting Facilities 135 Recreational Facilites for Disabled 119 Landmark Architecture 104 Water Activities Facilities 198 Ball games Playground 133 Monorail 241 Alfesco Dining 193 Barbeque Facilities 218 Kiosk 224 Outdoor Performance Space 151 307 Cycling Track 55.84% 會 44.79% 看情況 3.34% 否 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Question 7 Results Question 8 Results Regarding the provision of facilities at Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade, majority More than half of the respondents (52%) considered the provision of the chosen of respondents (60.2%, 307) proposed a cycling track should be provided in Kwun facilities would definitely increase their incentives to visit Kwun Tong Waterfront Tong Waterfront Promenade. While three other suggestions were endorsed by more Promenade more frequently. In contrast, only 3% of the respondents believed that than 40% of the respondents, namely “a monorail that would connect Kwun Tong they would not visit Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade more frequently solely for Waterfront Promenade, Kai Tak, Kwun Tong Town Centre and MTR station” (47.3%, the provision of the chosen facilities. 241), “kiosks” (43.9%, 224) and “barbecue site” (42.8%, 218). Meanwhile, water sports centre (38.8%, 198) and alfresco restaurants (37.8%, 198) were also considered important by slightly less than 40% of the respondents.
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Question 9 Question 10 Which target group(s) should Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade appeal to? Which of the following characteristics do you think are important when formulating the design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade?
Neutral Need to satisfy both Residents and Tourists Only need to satisfy Residents Group 219 312 86
Independent Development as a comprehensive Scheme（eg: Lei Yue Mun） Children 292 105 263
Visual Excitment, Unique Style Resting Space, Comfort Oriented Target Teenagers 418 117 321 Users Accomodate Kai Tak Design Rich in Kwun Tong Character Adults 292 151 189
Quiet Energetic Elderly 282 231 167
0 100 200 300 400 500 Netural Number
Question 9 Results Question 10 Results Generally, respondents preferred Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade should appeal Respondents were asked to indicate their preference between three different to all age groups. However, when taking a closer look at the survey results, it was options. The majority of respondents (51%) was providing a continuous promenade obvious that more respondents suggested that Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade connecting Lei Yue Man and Cha Kwo Ling. Apart from this, 61% of the respondents should appeal to teenage users, while fewer respondents preferred that Kwun agreed that Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade should simultaneously satisfy the Tong Waterfront Promenade should appeal to groups. The results suggested that needs of Kwun Tong residents and tourists. Besides, more respondents tended to the needs of individual users should be the primary concern when considering the favour the mood of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade to be peaceful (45%) instead design and planning of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. of a lively one (33%). While respondents were split concerning the design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade, with 37% of respondents in favour of the design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade to reflect more culture and local characteristics of Kwun Tong, compared to 33% of respondents preferred the design of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade should coordinate with the future development of Kai Tak. 35 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
36 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3 Vision and Proposal
3.1 Design Concept 3.2 Design Inspiration 3.3 Overseas Case Studies 3.4 Monorail Case Study 3.5 Strategies
37 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.1 Design Concept
Kwun Tong is experiencing a critical stage currently: Our proposed design scheme in the next chapters the proposed urban vision of Kai Tak, the revitalization will look at both macro and micro development. The of the city center, the proposed new Shatin-to- macro development will take into consideration of Central Link via the Kai Tak area, and the change of stage development over the next 20-50 years. The land zoning from industrial buildings to other uses stage development will take place in phases and will have all demanded a greater attention for an urban take years to implement. The micro development redevelopment strategy in the district. strategy, on the other hand, should be more immediate and short terms. The effect should be more evident The newly completed Phase I Waterfront has created a and the plans can be implemented immediately. It is new location for the Kwun Tong residents to enjoy the hoped that both the micro and macro schemes will harbourfront. Since the Leisure and Cultural Services cultivate not only a network of parks and gardens for Department opened the venue to the public, there everyone to enjoy, but also a long term and balanced have been a number of public events, photo contests, urban development. street performances and other district council organized activities that have made this place a new The CPW team has also selected a number of foreign popular venue for residents. The citizens of Kwun Tong examples. These examples are highly relevant to embrace this new place, yet our CPW team would like the district of Kwun Tong. The examples are chosen to propose a more comprehensive plan for a more either because they are a successful project from an sustainable development. urban renewal point of view, or an old harbourfront redeveloped into an area of mixed cultural and recreational use. We would like to highlight a few relevant facts for consideration when developing Phase II.
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3.2 Design Inspirations
A BALANCED DEVELOPMENT SCHEME IS KEY TO A SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
39 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.3 Overseas Case Studies
The Criteria 3.3.1 Terminal, Yokohama
In order to evolve the Phase II The port of Yokohama is located on the northwestern redevelopment into a more realistic edge of Tokyo Bay. Since the pier’s original construction vision, the CPW has chosen the in 1894, Oshanbashi Pier has contributed greatly to the following six examples from the world development of Yokohama as Japan’s marine gateway to to illustrate some critical issues when the world. Because of its increasing age, reconstruction of considering Kwun Tong. These issues the pier’s foundation began in 1988. not only include urban planning strategies, but also demographic The new pier fits seamlessly with the new waterfront planning, city structure, and technical development that has transformed the area from feasibility etc. The comparison of dockyards and heavy industry to parks and an these examples and Kwun Tong serve entertainment center. The “artificial landscape” is an as case studies: orthogonal continuation of Yokohama’s waterfront and Yamashita Park. The upper level hovers on the horizon The examples are: with a continuous surface of grass and wooden walkways 3.3.1. Terminal, Yokohama that “peel up” for entry to the ferry terminal, shops, 3.3.2. Highline, New York restaurants, conferences spaces, exhibition spaces and 3.3.3. Olympic Sculpture Park, parking below. A series of ramps and sloped floors create Seattle a continuous surface between levels that extends from 3.3.4. Darling Harbour, Sydney the exterior to the interior and vice versa. This fluid, 3.3.5. South Bank, London uninterrupted, multidirectional space was conceived by 3.3.6. Spadina Wave Deck, the architects from a circulation diagram “that aspires to Toronto eliminate the linear structure characteristic of piers and the directionality of the circulation.” The interior spaces are expansive and low, a continuation of the exterior topography that is emphasized through the continuity of materials and relation to the horizon. The innovative Fig.3.3.1.2 Fig.3.3.1.1 Bird’s eye view to the Terminal. design treated the terminal as a landscaped surface, both Fig.3.3.1.1 Fig.3.3.1.2-3: Public furniture invites active usage. inside and outside, acting as an extension of a nearby Fig.3.3.1.3 park. The terminal has become one of the first large-scale Fig.3.3.1.4 The revitalized Terminal attracts visitors & photographers. Fig.3.3.1.4 Fig.3.3.1.5 built works of “architectural landscape” now visited by Fig.3.3.1.5 Roof-top lawn is used as a public space. thousands of foreign and local visitors. 40 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.3.2 Highline, New York
In 1930s, ‘Highline’ was the most important infrastructure which connected the core of Manhattan which used to be an established industrial zone and its adjacent districts. It was the lifeline of New York City. However, since the industry has declined and most factories have moved out of the city, the railway was disabled in 1980s. The ‘Lifeline’ was turned as ‘The Scar of the city’.
After more than 20 years, a nonprofit organization called ‘Friends of the High Line’ was formed by the residents of the neighbourhood who advocated for the Line’s preservation. Fig.3.3.2.1 Fig.3.3.2.5 They suggested the railway to be reused as public open space rather than being abandoned. As the community support for the public redevelopment to convert into pedestrian use Fig.3.3.2.2 Fig.3.3.2.6 grew, the city allocated funding in 2004 to develop the site.
The railway converted to park project including naturalized Fig.3.3.2.3 Fig.3.3.2.7 planting that are inspired by the self-seeded landscape that grew on the disused tracks and a new, often unexpected views of the city and the Hudson River was opened up to the Fig.3.3.2.4 Fig.3.3.2.8 public. Pebble-dash concrete walkways helped to unify the trail, which used to swell and swing from side to side. Other Fig.3.3.2.1 Highline stimulates the landscape improvement works meld the landscape with the revitalization of NY City planting embedded in railroad gravel mulch, recalling the Fig.3.3.2.2-3 Every entrance of the stretches of track and ties recall from the former High Line’s. Highline has a 4-min. walking distance. Today, around 10,000 visitors witness the success of this Fig.3.3.2.4-6 The landscape of revitalization project in New York every day. The lesson to be Highline becomes learned here for Kwun Tong is the adaptive reuse strategy, a public ground for where old industrial zone / tracks can be reinvested with various activities for new life again. The open green spaces offer some precious different age groups public gathering spaces in the city centre, which is much Fig.3.3.2.7-8 Highline houses desirable for the new urban vision of Kwun Tong. different public activities 41 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.3.3 Olympic Sculpture 3.3.4 Darling Harbour, Park, Seattle Sydney
The former site was occupied by the oil Darling Harbour was developed from and gas corporation Unocal until 1970s. a bustling market wharf to what The Seattle Art Museum proposed to became a major industrial and goods- transform the area into one of the only handling precinct. By the mid 1970s green spaces in Downtown Seattle. Darling Harbour was a series of empty warehouses and rarely used train tracks. The design connects three separate sites with an uninterrupted Z-shaped ‘green’ The example of Darling Harbor is platform, capitalizing on views of the showing a full consideration of harbour skyline and Elliott Bay, and rising over redevelopment: the population control, existing infrastructure to reconnect the heritage conservation, diversity of urban area to the revitalized waterfront. urban programming and architectural In this example, an old industrial area design. Darling Harbor now is the one becomes a revitalized waterfront. It of most popular tourist spots in the successfully becomes a landscape world. Citizens and tourists are alike for public art and culture. The enjoy an unforgettable experience topographically varied park provides with this beautiful waterfront. diverse settings for sculptures of multiple scales. The future vision plan of Kwun Tong will involve the revitalization of the old Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade can industrial area into a lively and vibrate certainly model after this example where harbourfront. Our team believes the design invites new interpretations that there is a sufficient population of art and environmental engagement, to sustain various activities such as reconnecting the fractured relationships alfresco dining, festivals, open theatres of art, landscape, and urban life with the and public cultural events at the Kwun waterfront. Tong harbourfront.
Fig.3.3.4.1 About half of the harbour is linked up Fig.3.3.3.1 Fig.3.3.3.1 Z-shaped “green” platform reconnects the separated waterfront. Fig.3.3.4.1 by Monorail. Fig.3.3.3.2 Fig.3.3.2.2 The entrance of the park is also a public gathering space. Fig.3.3.4.2 Fig.3.3.4.2 Outdoor restaurant. Fig.3.3.3.3 Fig.3.3.2.3 Promenade facing the Elliott Bay is used as running track. Fig.3.3.4.3 Fig.3.3.4.3 Nightlife of the harbour. 42 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.3.5 South Bank, 3.3.6 Spadina Wave Deck, London Toronto
Southbank was used to be the main The project uses a simple yet Industrial and commercial plot in surprising form to allow unique London along Thames River, which was programming possibilities and heavily polluted during the industrial interactions with both the lake and period. Over the last 40 years, the the urban streetscape. It introduces government has put great efforts to a new public space for the city save the river to make this ‘Mother which promotes new interactions river’, and to make it turned back to the with people and the landscape. The London citizens. design allows people to interpret the spaces in many different ways. Since the water improvement, people For example, the landings allow for was drawn back to the waterfront informal staging for performers and successfully, Southbank is redeveloped the steps can be used as seating. as a complex zone for commercial and This is a flexible public space. The cultural activities, such as running, Wavedeck is completely wheelchair dinning and visiting museums. Lots of accessible and routes from the street iconic constructions pop up form this to the central overlook area are land: London Eye, Millennium Bridge integrated into the form. and Tate Modern Art Museum, etc. Southbank is now reactivated by the The successful story here teaches miracle improvement of water. Kwun Tong the importance of new interactions with people and Likewise, the nullah of Kwun Tong might the landscape. Taking advantage need some water quality improvement of the extensive span along the works. Once the water quality is promenade, the future vision of improved, it can become an area Kwun Tong ought to consider not where new activities can happen. Our only the experience of visiting the team has considered new commercial park, using materials that are multi- activities along the Kwun Tong such as purpose and making the space night markets, theme shops, or even Fig.3.3.5.1 Iconic constructions poped up during wheelchair accessible, but also to Fig.3.3.6.1 The length of the deck is only 630m, but it Fig.3.3.5.1 floating restaurants, along with bike establish an identity that both local Fig.3.3.6.1 the revitalization. stimulates a large area of redevelopment. paths, running tracks to attract both Fig.3.3.5.2 residents and tourists are proud of. Fig.3.3.6.2 local residents and tourists to come. Fig.3.3.5.2 It creates a lot of public spaces in Southbank Fig.3.3.6.2 The deck is a place to gather. Fig.3.3.5.3 Fig.3.3.6.3 Fig.3.3.5.3 Citizens run along the harbour front. Fig.3.3.6.3 Difference uses of the space are invented. 43 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
3.4 Monorail Case Study
3.4.1 Advantage of a Monorail
The research team also put effort on analysing the possibility and of a monorail in terms of planning and construction. The monorail not only acts as local transportation, but also as a medium to attract more tourists to use it for discovering Kwun Tong.
One of the most successful examples, Skytrain in Vancouver, is an automatic monorail, the Skytrain network carries an average of 240,000 passengers every weekday on the interlined Expo and Millennium lines, and 105,000 passengers per weekday on the Canada Line.
Fig.3.4.1.1
Fig.3.4.1.3
Fig.3.4.1.2
Fig.3.4.1.4
Fig.3.4.1.1 Skytrain runs along an overhead rail in Vancouver
Fig.3.4.1.2 The railway can be integrated into buildings
Fig.3.4.1.3 The proposed monorail to Kwun Tong has thiner rail to
minimize the distrubance to sea views Fig.3.4.1.4 A Monorail can be linked with an escalator system to serve local residents (e.g. to Anderson Road)
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3.4.2 Dimension of Monorail
In this section, the report shows the details of the monorail system, including the length, width and height of the train. This could be useful information for the traffic and engineering studies for any future monorail development.
Hitachi Series 1000 Monorail for Naha, Okinawa. Source: Yui-Rail
Fig.3.4.2.1 Bombardier Mark VI（Las Vegas Model） Source: Las Vegas Monorail Company Fig.3.4.2.2 Fig.3.4.2.4 Fig.3.4.2.1 Construction detail of the rail
Fig.3.4.2.2-3Two monorail examples Fig.3.4.2.3 Fig.3.4.2.4 Hitachi Series 1000 Specification for reference 45 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
After studying foreign examples of monorail system, this proposed monorail system has stations separated by comfortable walking distances of 4 minutes. 46 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
The monorail will connect the waterfront to the public transport (ie. MTR Station, Ferry Pier), which in turn connects to the rest of Hong Kong. 47 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
By increasing the number of pocket parks in the district, it is possible to form a localized pocket park network providing comfortable walking experience to the promenade.
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3.5 Strategies
Short Term Strategies
Base on the usage conditions, we raise the following suggestions to encourage Kwun Tong residents and tourists towards to the waterfront:
1)Signage : By adding names and information on MTR exitboards, maps, and even on tourist guide book to indicate the location of the waterfront; 2)Activities: By organizing different public events and performances, to draw public attention on the place. 3)Art Exhibitions: By inviting different artists to display theirs works, to ask artists to decorate the waterfront, to create an artistic atmosphere for the waterfront. 4)Beautify Roads/Streets: Since the promenade is far form the central Kwun Tong, it would be helpful if the roads and streets connecting the centre of Kwun Tong and waterfront can be beautified to attract visitors. 5)Public facilities By providing additional Public toilets and kiosks.
Long Term Strategies
Our plans includes more pocket parks networks and Fig.3.5.1 Fig.3.5.2 roads; regeneration of the industrial area and the Fig.3.5.1 Signage in MTR station provides direction to the promenade. center of Kwun Tong, Details strategies are listed in Fig.3.5.2 Activities can attract visitors to Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade the following pages. Fig.3.5.3 Fig.3.5.4 Fig.3.5.3 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade can be a space for big installation art exhibitions Fig.3.5.4 Special lighting effect to attract visitors. 49 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
The monorail covered area can be divided up into different zones of different features (e.g. sports theme, art theme, retail theme, etc). which can have multiple kinds of interactions with the different site conditions in the area. For example, the monorail, which can draw more people to use the park and art activities alone.
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The economic and social impact created by the proposed monorail will be by phases. For example, 10 to 20 years, the activated waterfront would bring trigger more for space for new programmes, ranging from art, entertainment to commercial activities. The existing factory buildings right next to the monorail build- ing would likely be taken over by some new programmes. 51 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
The phased development will continue beyond the first implementation of vision plan. It is expected that by the end of the first 20 to 50 years, the whole district will possibly be changed into a vibrant area with different activities interacting with each other; Different functional zones will be developed according to their themes imposed on the monorail building at the design stage.
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With reference to the cross sections, four specific areas can be developed with activities suggested(i.e. Arts, Retail, Industries, Sports etc.)
53 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
Key considerations in this cross section: Section AA’ • A Comfortable walking experience from residential area to the waterfront with minimal traffic disturbance. • Proposed new sports venue, bike path/ running tracks. Undulating Landscape • A Monorail System which use connects the MTR which through an existing underground tunnel.
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Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 The proposed monorail system utilizes the space The waterfront can be designed as a water sports Instead of leaving the space below the monorail underneath the Kwun Tong Bypass. Many new centre to encourage citizens to use it in their daily as void, the design takes advantage of that space mixed-use programmes such as department lives, and to activate the harbour as a popular below the track and introduces theme street with 斜視剖面圖 A-A' - 起伏的園景 米 store can be integrated into the monorail system. sports venue in East Kowloon. commercial activities.
斜視剖面圖 A-A' - 起伏的園景 米
斜視剖面圖 A-A' - 起伏的園景 米
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Key considerations in this cross section: Section BB’ • Phase I improvement work brings more people and new programmes to the waterfront. • Existing factory buildings with interesting architectural features can be converted to artists’ studios/ galleries, etc. Factory Revitalization • New Galleries can extend from existing factory buildings to the waterfront as a ‘art path’ towards residential area • A use Monorail System which use connects to the MTR through an existing underground tunnel. 58 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
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Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Under the monorail system, new programmes By beautifying the space in between the The monorail provides transportation connection allow different activities to be developed with Kwun Tong Bypass and the Waterfront, some to all new users. Visitors can easily access the art their own identities. For example, there will be programmes like outdoor Alfresco dinning, galleries and shops upon arrival. 斜視剖面圖 B-B' - 工廠區活化 米 斜視剖面圖 B-B' - 工廠區活化 斜視剖面圖米 B-B' - 工廠區活化 米 a mix of commercial, cultural art, and leisure Cafe & bars can be introduced to offer an activities for various age groups. uninterrupted view to the harbour.
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Key considerations in this cross section: Section CC’ • New programmes underneath the monorail can revitalize the commercial activities in the district, the linkage is established between existing parks and new parks. Pocket Park • New Pocket Parks along the MTR station to the waterfront will form a ‘Green Link’ 62 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
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Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 By re-designing a public transport interchange, it By introducing more different types of 斜視剖面圖 C-C' - 更新的公共交通交匯處 米 Redevelop and reuse the ferry pier for alternative 斜視剖面圖 C-C' - 更新的公共交通交匯處 米 allows more space for different new programmes programmes, we create more in the urban transportation can alleviate the current traffic to promote more commercial growth in the developments and more interaction with the congestion. district. community.
斜視剖面圖 C-C' - 更新的公共交通交匯處 米
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Key considerations in this cross section: Section DD’ • King Yip Street becomes a pedestrianized zone. • Some programmes, such as ‘大牌檔’ & ‘艇仔粥’, can be introduced to the park and these kind Alfresco Dinning of alfresco dinning can reflect local culture of Kwun ong.T
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Rendering Ａ New Landscape park can link the district through bridges across major traffic (Wai Yip St) Different strips of path can accommodate different activities (Tai Chi, Jogging, Cycling, walking, etc.) which are currently lacking of space in Kwun Tong district.
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Rendering Ｂ Phase I of Kwun Tong Waterfront activated by the proposed monorail bring new activities (e.g. retailing/shopping arcades) New activities on the waterfront, including cycling and yachting, can serve as popular venue for all age group in the community.
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Rendering Ｃ New activities such as fast food store or ticketing counter under the monorail act as an anchor program that draw people from the ‘Pocket Park Walk’ as well as serving the reactivated public transport terminal.
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Rendering D King Yip Street activated by monorail which brings in new catering activities New activities on drain including boating & markets on water etc.
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4 Conclusion
The harbour of Hong Kong is an important asset to the promenade at Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade The improvement work in connectivity will then be city, it offers a special functional use in transportation has been completed, featuring a seaside boardwalk, followed by the second stage of development, which as well as an exhilarating view for the general public a special landmark tower, a children’s playground, will include the creation of pocket parks and metro to enjoy. Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade is an a multipurpose plaza, a performance stage and a parks in the city. These new parks will provide not only example of the public demanding more opportunities spectator stand. The public would like to see the natural and landscaped for the public to enjoy the view. Unfortunately, the Phase II development as something beyond just a areas for relaxation and recreation, but a cycle track indirect route to the waterfront from any transportation city beatification project. The public aspires for open and jogging trail are planned, while the provision of interchange makes the waterfront a difficult place to green areas and harbourfront promenades that other recreational facilities. The proposed green areas access. Though its location near the industrial area accommodate a variety of activities, including alfresco have various sizes and forms, such as roof garden, big seems sensible, the accessibility becomes an issue and dining, street performance, etc. Visitors will be able parks and small plots of pocket parks, and they will the district is looking into means to improve the entire to enjoy splendid views of the Kowloon hills and provide a “green linkage” to the Waterfront. area. Aside from some high profile urban development the Hong Kong Island skyline from the transformed projects in the center core of Kwun Tong, there is runway area of the old Kai Tak Airport. After a few The green parks, accompanied by other mixed use of also a call for more integration of the harbour with sessions of public consultations, CPW has proposed the land will create more commercial opportunities in the people. Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade has various design schemes to the Kwun Tong District the area, generating a more vibrant and active strands witnessed so much of the district’s development from Council for consideration. The scheme called for of the street. It is hoped that this mixed use of land a cargo terminal to a recycling depot and later the stage design and development, and a comprehensive will also trigger more job opportunities in the district. industrial zone. The moving out of the cargo terminal planning direction to balance traffic, commercial The improvement works along the Waterfront and the in Phase I, the decline of industry in the district and values and growth of the District. new commercial development will benefit not only the plan for Kai Tak all have contributed to the urgent the local residents, but also both other Hong Kong need to revitalize Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade. The stage design is divided into three stages. The first residents as well as tourists who come from abroad. is to alleviate traffic congestion in the city, making CPW has been engaged in the study of Kwun Tong the path to the waterfront more accessible. There Lastly, the CPW team is thankful that the Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade since October 2010. We have are currently little direct routes from the MTR stations residents were able to give constructive responses. The invited stakeholders from the districts to a number to the waterfront and the new scheme proposes a public has been enthusiastic and helped to generate of public engagement meetings to voice their views new infrastructural network, such as the monorail valuable comments. We hope that our suggestion on the redevelopment of the district. Some of the and walking path, to connect to the waterfront. The helps to produce innovative ideas and a substantial public’s comments included requests for integrating connectivity of the district will then extend beyond proposal for the District Council to consider. the Harbour with the people, ensuring no reclamation the waterfront to the MTR stations, reaching other At such, open and meaningful dialogues have set the as the major planning principle, having an accessible residential areas, such as Anderson Road and other stage for the public to continue getting involved and waterfront for public enjoyment, providing adequate major housing complexes to serve the residents of providing their views on a new Kwun Tong Waterfront. cultural and recreational facilities, maintaining the district. the heritage of Kai Tak, and adopting sustainable development and environmentally-friendly concepts. An advanced section of 200 metres of the 72 觀塘區海濱花園未來綜合發展研究報告 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Report
5 Appendices Questionnaire for usage of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Study Poster for Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Public Engagement Workshop Member list of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Development Working Group
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Member list of Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade Development Working Group
District Council Members: Mr POON Chun-yuen, MH (Convenor) Mr CHAN Wah-yu, MH Mr CHEUNG Shun-wah Ms FUNG Mei-wan Mr HSU Hoi-shan Mr HUNG Kam-in Mr KAN Ming-tung Ms LEUNG Fu-wing, BBS, MH Mr LIM Henry, MH Mr LUI Tung-hai Mr MA Yat-chiu Mr MAK Fu-ling Mr OR Chong-shing, Wilson Mr POON Shiu-man, Henry, MH Mrs POON YAM Wai-chun, MH Ms SO Lai-chun Mr TANG Wing-chun Mr WONG Kai-ming Mr YIP Hing-kwok, MH Mr YIU Pak-leung
Coopt Members: Mr LAM SHUEN TUNG Mr NGAN MAN YU
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Director of Community Project Workshop at The University of Hong Kong 祈宜臻 Tris Kee
Assistant Professor at The University of Hong Kong 李亮聰 Anderson Lee
Members of the Community Project Workshop 陳雋浩 Chun Ho Chan
陳明駿 Calvin Chan
陳鵬之 Inaciso Chan
鄺仁傑 Kyle Kwong
曾啟麟 Alan Tsang
謝佩霖 Rosa Tse
吳偉麟 Norman Ung
楊秉希 Heyson Young
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Faculty of Architecture, HKU Community Project Workshop Background The Faculty of Architecture at The University of Hong Kong CPW teams consider the rationale behind the is a comprehensive school of architecture, renowned for current design and planning concepts of each its teaching, research and community engagement. A community project, generating sensitive and significant number of academic staff are actively involved practical design ideas. We adopt an interactive in professional services, including the designing of, and / participatory approach in order to meet the planning for, community projects. They are also engaged specific objectives of the community, leading in a broad range of community-based projects in China, to a continuous process of discussion and Hong Kong, and Macau. A recent example of the Faculty’s feedback in order to determine a community’s involvement in a community project is the Sichuan-Hanwang aspirations and needs. Memorial Site Vision Plan, prepared in partnership with Beijing Normal University. This plan served as the catalyst for the Services Offered establishment of the Community Project Workshop (CPW) * District Aspiration Studies * Vision Plan The CPW provides design and consultancy services to * Pedestrian Walkway Research government and non-government organizations, and * Feasibility Study undertakes other non-commercial projects requiring * Design Inception Plan interdisciplinary expertise drawn from all the disciplines of * Outline Schematic Proposal the Faculty: Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Real Estate * Architectural Schematic Design and Construction; and Urban Planning and Design. We also * Landscape Schematic Design reach out to other faculties within the University and external * Environmental Engineering Review consultants, as required. * Analytical Report * Model Study The CPW has developed consultant teams that critically * Geological Study evaluate, analysing, and synthesize the problems in a ‘real-life’ * Coordination with local Design Institutes project context. The teams are comprised of academic staff * Government / Public Consultation members from the Faculty, outside professionals, university * Government / Public Presentation students and community representatives. These community * Seminar projects undertaken by the CPW are aimed to cope with the * Exhibition pressing and changing community’s needs in our society.
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