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Free of Charge to Individual Président SORTANT / OUTGOING President and Institutional Members of the ACS Autumn / Automne 2011 Spring / Printemps 2011 Fred Genesee Graham Fraser Canadian Parents for French John W. Berry Dr. Merrill Swain Sharon Lapkin Allan U. Paivio Robert C. Gardner Howard Giles Donna Christian Jack Jedwab Richard Y. Bourhis James Costa Roy Lyster Dr. Victor C. Goldbloom Garth Stevenson Donald M. Taylor WALLACE Reed Scowan Geneviève Audet Frédéric Dejean Marie Mc Andrew LAMBERT The Quiet Evolution of Language and Cultural Relations L'évolution tranquille du langage et des relations culturelles Spring / Printemps 2009 Fall/Automne 2011 3 39 Introduction Capital Languages: Differences in Knowledge and Fred Genesee Use of English and French in Ottawa and Gatineau Jack Jedwab 5 45 Immersion Schools: Wallace Lambert's Legacy Graham Fraser Bilingual Communication in Montreal: Some Matched-Guise Studies 10 Richard Y. Bourhis The Work of Wallace Lambert: A Parent Perspective 55 Canadian Parents for French Revitalization of Regional Languages 12 in France Through Immersion Wally Lambert's Contribution to James Costa and Roy Lyster Understanding Social Behavior 59 John W. Berry Reasonable Accommodation in Quebec: 14 Lessons Learned From the USA The Lambert Immersion Legacy: Research and Mentorship Donald M. Taylor Dr. Merrill Swain and Sharon Lapkin 62 18 A Tribute to Wallace Lambert Bilingual Cognition: The Wallace Lambert Connection Dr. Victor C. Goldbloom Allan U. Paivio 64 24 Looking Back at the Role of Minorities in the Quiet Revolution The Socio-Educational Model of Garth Stevenson Second Language Acquisition Robert C. Gardner 67 28 The Evolution of the English Language Minority in Quebec Since the Quiet Revolution Language Attitudes: The Role of Reed Scowan Motivated Information Management Howard Giles 72 35 Synthèse des Échanges: L’énoncé de politique « Au Québec pour bâtir ensemble » : Vingt ans Immersion Education in the United States: après Regards croisés face aux défis d’aujourd’hui Expansion and Extension Geneviève Audet, Frédéric Dejean et Marie Mc Andrew Donna Christian Canadian Issues is published by Thèmes canadiens est publié par Canadian Studies Program Programme des études canadiennes PRÉSIDENTE / PRESIDENT Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens is a quarterly publication of the Associa- Gerry Gall, University of Alberta tion for Canadian Studies (ACS). It is distributed free of charge to individual PRÉSIDENT SORTANT / OUTGOING PRESIDENT and institutional members of the ACS. Canadian Issues is a bilingual publica- Minelle Mahtani, University of Toronto SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET TRÉSORIÈRE / tion. All material prepared by the ACS is published in both French and Eng- FRENCH-LaNguagE SECRETARY AND TREASURER lish. All other articles are published in the language in which they are written. The Hon. Herbert Marx Opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE ANGLAISE / ENGLISH-LaNguagE SECRETARY reflect the opinion of the ACS. The Association for Canadian Studies is a vol- Lloyd Wong untary non-profit organization. It seeks to expand and disseminate knowledge REPRÉSENTANTE DES ÉTUDIANTS / STUDENTS’ REPRESENTATIVE Nehal El-Hadi, University of Toronto about Canada through teaching, research and publications. The ACS is a REPRÉSENTANTE DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE ET DU YUKON / scholarly society and a member of the Humanities and Social Science Federa- BRITISH CoLUMBIA AND YuKON REPRESENTATIVE tion of Canada. Jean Teillet, Pape Salter Teillet REPRÉSENTANTE DU QuéBEC / QuEBEC REPRESENTATIVE Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens est une publication trimestrielle de Caroline Desbiens, Université Laval l’Association d’études canadiennes (AEC). Elle est distribuée gratuitement REPRÉSENTANTE DE L’ONTARIO / ONTARIO REPRESENTATIVE aux membres de l’AEC. CITC est une publication bilingue. Tous les textes Usha George émanant de l’AEC sont publiés en français et en anglais. Tous les autres textes REPRÉSENTANT DES PRAIRIES ET DES TERRITOIRES DU NoRD-OUEST / PRAIRIES AND NoRTHWEST TERRITORIES REPRESENTATIVE sont publiés dans la langue d’origine. Les collaborateurs et collaboratrices de Dominique Clément, University of Alberta Thèmes canadiens sont entièrement responsables des idées et opinions expri- REPRÉSENTANT DE L’ATLANTIQUE / ATLANTIC PROVINCES REPRESENTATIVE mées dans leurs articles. L’Association d’études canadiennes est un organisme Maurice Basque, Université de Moncton pancanadien à but non lucratif dont l’objet est de promouvoir l’enseignement, DIRECTEUR géNÉRAL DE L’AEC / EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE ACS Jack Jedwab la recherche est les publications sur le Canada. L’AEC est une société savante DIRECTEUR DES PRogRAMMES ET ADMINISTRATION / et membre de la Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines et sociales. DIRECTOR OF PRogRAMMING AND ADMINISTRATION James Ondrick Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens acknowledges the financial support of DIRECTRICE DES puBLICATIONS / DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS the Government of Canada through the Canadian Studies Program of the Sarah Kooi Department of Canadian Heritage for this project. DIRECTEUR DE RECHERCHE / DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH Siddharth Bannerjee Canadian Issues / Thèmes canadiens bénéficie de l’appui financier du DIRECTRICE DES COMMUNICATIONS/DIRECTOR OF CoMMUNICATIONS Gouvernement du Canada par le biais du Programme d’études canadiennes Julie Perronne du ministère du Patrimoine canadien pour ce projet. LETTERS/COURRIER Comments on this edition of Canadian Issues ? Spring / Printemps 2009 We want to hear from you. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF / RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF Write to Canadian Issues – Letters, ACS, 1822A, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Jack Jedwab Montréal (Québec) H3H 1E4. Or e-mail us at <[email protected]> MANAGING EDITOR / Directrice À LA Rédaction Your letters may be edited for length and clarity. Sarah Kooi (Association for Canadian Studies) DESIGN / GRAPHISME Des commentaires sur ce numéro ? Bang Marketing: 514 849-2264 • 1 888 942-BANG Écrivez-nous à Thèmes canadiens [email protected] Courrier, AEC, 1822A, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3H 1E4. ADVERTISING / PUBLICITÉ Ou par courriel au <[email protected]> Vos lettres peuvent être [email protected] modifiées pour des raisons éditoriales. 514 925-3099 ACS ADDRESS / ADRESSE AEC 1822, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (QC) H3H 1E4 514 925-3096 / [email protected] INTRODUCTION Fred Genesee is Professor in the Psychology Department at McGill University, Montreal. He has conducted extensive research on alternative forms of bilingual and immersion education for language minority and language majority students. His current research interests include language acquisition in pre-school bilingual children, internationally-adopted children, second language reading acquisition, and the language and academic development of students at-risk in bilingual programs. He is the recipient of the Canadian Psychological Associate Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community or Public Service and the 2-Way CABE Award of Promoting Bilingualism. On March 17 and 18, the Association for Canadian advised, needed to have their native language reinforced to Studies hosted a symposium to celebrate the life and ensure that bilingualism did not “subtract” from their native work of the late Professor Wallace (Wally) E. Lambert language competencies. The distinction between additive (1922 – 2009). Organized by the Association for Canadian forms of bilingualism, as exemplified in immersion, and Studies, The Quiet Evolution of Language and Cultural subtractive forms of bilingualism, as commonly occurs Relations in Canada: A Tribute to the Work of Wallace when immigrant children who speak other languages learn Lambert brought together researchers, former colleagues, the dominant language of the community, but lose their teachers, politicians, and the media to celebrate one of home language in the process, has been widely adopted Canada’s most accomplished research psychologists. around the world as a useful and realistic way of viewing Lambert was one of the first researchers to recognize that alternative forms of bilingualism. In hindsight, we can see bilinguals are probably more common than monolinguals that the St. Lambert experiment, was much more than a around the world and, thus, deserve a central focus in the brilliant innovation in second language education, but an work of scientists. While Lambert’s work is known and experiment in bridging the cultural divide between English- celebrated around the world, it was here in Montreal that speaking and French-speaking Canadians. Moreover, the the influence of his work has been felt most. St. Lambert experiment foreshadowed the modern global Lambert was a professor of psychology at McGill era where knowledge of other languages and familiarity with University from 1954 until 1990. He was one of the founders other cultures has become commonplace in many schools of modern-day psycholinguistics as well as the social around the world. psychology of language and is widely considered as the father Lambert’s pioneering work on immersion alone would of the scientific study of bilingualism. Lambert is perhaps have assured his place in the pantheon of scientific stars. best known in Canada for his research on French Immersion. But, his contributions to our understanding of bilingualism Widely seen at the time as “an experiment” in second included much more. Along with Robert Gardner, his language education, English-speaking students entered the graduate student, he undertook innovative and ground very first French immersion classroom in September
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