Primitive Art Bibliographies

The Library The Museum of Primitive Art 15 West 54 Street New York, N.Y. 10019

No. VIII 1970

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF

NORTHWEST COAST INDIAN ART

by

ALLEN WARDWELL

and LOIS LEBOV c Copyright 1970 The Museum of Primitive Art Library of Congress Number 63-17393 PREFACE

The compilation of this bibliography was originally begun in research for an extensive exhibition of Northwest Coast art organized by The Art In­ stitute of Chicago in 1964 (#82). At that time it became apparent that there was a large body of published material dealing with the Northwest Coast, but the extant bibliographies were either too general, or included many references to works on linguistics, texts and myths, early visits, and detailed descriptions of the various cultures which had no specific reference to the art. The most complete of these, prepared by Johnstone and Rioux (#41), Gunther (#192), and Inverarity (#235), although of con­ siderable value, cannot strictly be regarded as art bibliographies. It seemed that if an annotated listing were prepared, a great amount of effort could be spared those specifically interested in the art who would not wish to sift through the vast body of references dealing with other aspects of Northwest Coast Indian life.

This will explain the omission of certain well known works by Barbeau, Benedict, Boas, Drucker, Swanton, and others which appear regularly in the bibliographies of anthropological and ethnographic studies. Simi­ larly, various accounts of early visits made by Dixon, Jewitt, Kotzebue, Langsdorff, Mackenzie and some of their contemporaries are not in­ cluded because they contain no significant descriptions or illustrations of the art. Other omissions are reviews of books and art exhibitions which appear as separate listings in the bibliography as catalogues or books. To our knowledge, there have been no auctions dealing solely with Northwest Coast material. A few pieces occasionally appear in sales at Sotheby and Co. , Christies, Hotel Drouot, and Parke Bernet, but no effort has been made to compile a record of these here. Works dealing with petroglyphs, ancient stone carvings and other archaeo­ logical artifacts also fall outside the scope of this publication.

Not surprisingly, all the significant studies of Northwest Coast art have been mads within the last 100 years. Many interesting early accounts give evidence that the art had some impact on visitors of the late 18th and 19th centuries, and a number are summarized by Barbeau (#41). Some make mention of the skill of execution evidenced in the monumental carvings, and others even speak of the fine detail in works of smaller scale. Inevitably, however, certain value judgements creep into the accounts and such phrases as "misshapen figures", "rudely carved and painted forms", "monstrous decorations", "carved in a very curious manner indeed" etc. are plentiful enough to reveal the lack of motivation to engage in any formal studies of the art itself in these early years. William Dall was the first to study Northwest Coast specimens in an analytical manner in 1881 (#96). His work is not only important for its text, which gives information on the original significance of the objects, but for the quality of the illustrations as well. Frans Boas' key study, which originally appeared in 1897 (#62) was the first attempt to include a formal description of the design elements of the art. This was followed by John Swanton's fine and careful examination of Haida art in 1905 (#400). In 1918 Hans Haeberlin published an important article which has remained relatively un­ known (#194). As another approach to the analysis of Northwest Coast style, it is an interesting supplement to Boas' earlier research. Leonhard Adam (#1) and E. Fuhrmann (#169) published the first "art books" on the subject in 1923 in which many fine specimens in German collections are discussed and illustrated. During the years between 1913 and 1929 Louis Shotridge wrote a series of articles for the University Museum of Pennsylvania (#374-383) which include some of the best documentation that is available. Shotridge, born a Tlingit, was not only able to form a fine Tlingit collection for the, museum, but was also in a unique position to gain valuable informa­ tion from his people concerning their significance. Also during the late 20's Marius Barbeau began to gather together the material that would form the basis for his exhaustive discussion and illustration of totem poles (#41) and other art forms of the Haida (#42, 44) which were to be published in the 50* s.

In recent times, there have been a number of important publications that deal specifically with the art. Paul Wingert's studies of the Salish and Tsimshian sculptural styles (#440, 442) are significant for their attempts to define the differences that distinguish the works of one Northwest Coast group from another. Robert Inverarity's study of the characteristics of the art first appeared in 1946 (#234) and was later incorporated in his extensive book which also illustrates a number of importantpieces for the first time (#235). Another well known and prolific specialist is Erna Gunther, whose work on many exhibitions and their catalogues (#87, 269, 306, 364, 369) culminated in the de­ tailed discussion and cataloguing of the Rasmussen collection in 1966 (#192). Bill Holm's up-to-date work of 1965 is also notable (#225). It is a painstaking analysis of two dimensional Northwest Coast art, and also provides a basic system of description. Much new material has also recently come to light as a result of the many exhibitions of the art to have been given within the last fifteen years. Those that were accompanied by well illustrated catalogues were organized in Vancouver in 1956 (#41 7) and 1967 (#4l6), Seattle in 1962 (#369), Chicago in 1964 (#82), Berkeley in 1965 (#5 3) and Paris in 1969 (#337). As defined by Murdock (#313), the Northwest Coast cultural area encompasses the following tribes: Tlingit, Tsimshian, Haida, Bella Bella, Bella Coola, Kwakiutl, Kootka, Comox, Cowichan, Klallam, Quilente, Quinault, Twana and Snuqualmi. It will be noted that the latter seven southern groups rarely appear among the listings. This is due to the very small amount of art production that was carried out in the area, and the correspondingly few references there are to it. The majority of the entries concern the northern tribes of the so- called nuclear area where the greatest number and variety of art objects were made.

Effort was made to examine first hand all of the works considered to ascertain their relevance to art as well as to provide accurate in­ formation for the notations. A few listings were not available, but are added here because it was felt that they might be important. These are indicated with an X sign followed by the location of copies if known. Exhibition catalogues are listed under the name of the city and organizing institution rather than the author.

Libraries consulted were the Library of The Art Institute of Chicago, the Newberry Library, Chicago, the Library at the Field Museum of Natural History, the Library of the University of Chicago, the Chicago Public Library, the Detroit Public Library and the Yale University Library. Very special thanks are due Miss Lebov, who with her patience and enthusiasm for the project rescued it from the limbo into which it had fallen and was able to bring it to its final state.

Lastly, it should be mentioned that there are undoubtedly some works that have been overlooked. Although references from North American publications are extensive, some early Eu-opean and Russian works are certainly missing and not presently available in listings of this nature. It would be appreciated if any users of this bibliography would inform me of any additions or corrections so that it might be possible to publish a supplement in the future.

Allen Wardwell The Art Institute of Chicago

1. ADAM, Leonhard 11. AMSDEN, Charles A. 1923 Nordwestamerikanische Indianerkunst Orbu s 19 32 "The Loom and its Prototypes," American Pictus, Bd. 17, Berlin. Anthropologist, XXXIV, pp. 216-235. An early publication including illustrations Brief history of weaving with a description of pieces in the Berlin Museum collection. of the fixed warp frame used on the North­ west Coast. la. 1928 "Parallel entre les Masques du Nord- Ouest de rAmerique et les Masques japonais" 12. ANDREWS, Ralph W. Cahiers d'Art, vol. Ill, p. 376-81. 1960 Indian Primitive, Seattle. Short article comparing Japanese theatrical Popular text accompanied by many fine old masks with those of the Northwest Coast. field photographs of Northwest Coast Photographs of six fine old Northwest Coast villages and Indians. examples in the Museum fur Volkerkunde, Berlin. 13. 1962 Curtis' Western Indians, Seattle. A collection of field photographs made 1931 "Das Problem der asiatisch-altamerikanischen by Curtis in the early 20th century, in­ Kulturbegiehungen mit besonder Berucksich- cluding a number from the Northwest Coast. tigung der Kunst," Wiener Beitrage zur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Asiens , V, p. 57. 14. ANONYMOUS Study of culture contact theories between 1924 "Northwest Coast Masks and Attu Basketry," America and Asia as suggested by parallels Provincial Museum of British Columbia between Northwest Coast art and that of Report, Victoria, pp. 8-9. archaic China. Summarized by Adam in Description of five old Northwest Coast 1936 (#4). masks given to the museum by Mrs. Kitty White and an account of their history. 1934 "Sculptures en bois de l'Ame'rique du N.-O. ," Cahiers d'Art, K, no. 1-4, pp. 59-65. 15, 1924 "Tsimshian Headpiece, " Museum of the Photographs by Bernice Abbott of totem poles, American Indian Heye Foundation Indian figures and a helmet in the American Museum Notes, I, no. 2, April, New York, p. 101. of Natural History collection with detailed Brief note and illustration of a fine head­ captions. piece in Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation. 1936 "North-West American Indian Art and its Early Chinese Parallels," Man, XXXVI, no. 3, 16. 1934 "A Haida Chief's Headdress," The Masterkey, pp. 8-11. VIII, no. 1, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, Discussion of similarities between the two art p. 30. styles with illustrations. A summary of his Brief note and illustration of a beaver head­ earlier study (#2). dress in the Gillespie collection at the South­ west Museum. 1940 Primitive Art, Pelican Books, Baltimore. A general discussion of Primitive Art with 17. 1951 "Art that Included 'Things Unseen'," Art Digest, some reference to the Northwest Coast. Later April l, p. 13. editions. Brief review of a Northwest Coast exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum. Two photographs. 6. AINSWORTH, Thomas H. 1950 "The Art of the Haidas , " Museum and Art Notes , 18. ANTWERP, KONINKLIJK MUSEUM VOOR SCHONE KUNSTEN Art, Historical and Science Association, 1956 IIet_Masker. Vancouver, 2nd Series, I, no. 3, pp. 16-19. An exhibition catalogue including illustrations Article dealing with Haida slate carving of a of some Northwest Coast masks in European casket in City Art Museum, Vancouver. Three collections. photographs. Based on Hill-Tout's account (#220). 19. AUCKLAND WAR MEMORIAL MUSEUM 1955 Other Faces, Auckland, May 30-July 10. 7. ALCALA, Galiano and C. Valdez Exhibition catalogue including four North­ 1792 A Spanish Voyage to Vancouver and the Northwest west Coast objects from the Otago Museum, Coast of America, translated by Cecil Jane, Dunedin collection. One illustration. London, 1930. A translation of Alcala's account of the explora­ 20. AUDOIN, Philippe tion of Juan de Fuca Strait with brief reference 1967 "Les Princes-Pecheurs de l'Ouest," L'Oeil, to Nootka art. Some well known engravings of No. 148, April, pp. 10-19; 46-49. the Indians. General introduction with color and black and white illustrations of well known objects in United States museums. 8. ALEXANDER, Hartley 1926 L'art et la philosophie des Indiens de l'Amerique du Nord, Paris. 21. AVDIEV, A. D. General outline of American Indian art with 1957, 1960 "The Mask," Sbornik Muzeia Antropologii i a few illustrations of Northwest Coast boxes, Etnografii, XVII, pp. 232-344; XLX, pp. 39- 110. bowls, totem poles. X

ALT MAN, Ralph 22. AVERKIEVA, U. P. nd Northwest Coast Indian Arts, Altman Galleries , 1935 "Rabstvo u Piemen Severo-Zapadnogo Poberezh-ia Los Angeles. SevAmeriki," Sovetskaia Etnografiia, IV; A pamphlet which accompanied an exhibition pp. 40-61. given by the Altman Galleries about 1950. X Some photographs of objects. 23. 1941 Rabstvo u Indietsev Severnoi Ameriki, Moscow. 10. 1965 "North American Cultures. The Northwest Coast," X Encyclopedia of World Art, X, New York, pp. 710-19. Basic description of Northwest Coast culture, its origin and art styles. Some lesser known objects in European collections are among the illustrations. 23a. BADNER, Mino BARBEAU, Charles Marius (Cont.) 1966 "The Protruding Tongue and Related Motifs in the Art Styles of the American Northwest Coast, 32. 1939 "How Totem Poles Originated," Queens New Zealand and China," Weiner Beitrage zur Quarterly, XLVI, Autumn, Kingston, pp. Kulturgeschite und Linguistik, Bd. XV, Vienna. 304-11. Detailed study of the motif and its manifesta­ Brief history of totem pole carving, dis­ tions. Numerous illustrations of Northwest cussion of carvers and reference to an Coast objects with emphasis on masks and Indian legend that gave rise to the con­ monumental works. struction of large totem poles.

24. BAIRD, Donald 33. 1940 "Le Totem du nid de l'aigle," Canada 1965 "Tlingit Treasures, How an Important Collection Francais, XXVIII, December, pp. 371-78. Came to Princeton," Princeton Alumni Weekly, The legend of a totem pole now located in LXV, no. 17, February 16, pp. 6-11, 17. Quebec outside of Charlesbourg. Short history of the Libbey collection at Prince­ ton with illustrations of Northwest Coast pieces 34. 1941 "Old Canadian Silver," Canadian Geographical collected by both William Libbey and Sheldon Journal, XXII, no. 3, March, pp. 150-62. Jackson. Study of silver and gold works among the Haida, Tlingit and Tsimshian with reference 25. BALFOUR, Henry to the works of Sitka Jack and Charles Edensaw. 1907 "Haida Portrait Mask," Man, VII, pp. 1-2. Photographs and designs. A short article describing and illustrating a mask in the collections of the Pitt Rivers 35. Barbeau, Charles Marius (cont'd.) Museum, Oxford. 1941 "The Beaver in Canadian Art," The Beaver, CCLXXII, no. 2, pp. 14-18. 26. BANCROFT, Hubert H. Study of the appearance of the beaver in 1886 The Native Races of the Pacific States, I, different types of Canadian art, including San Francisco, pp. 150-321. those of the Northwest Coast with a number General description of livelihood and of illustrations of objects with the beaver habitat of southern Northwest Coast tribes form. with brief descriptions of the art. 36. 1942 "MaTtre-artisans de chez nous, Le Zodiak, 27. BANDI, H. G. Montreal. 1958 "Einige Gegenstande aus Alaska und Britisch X Kolumbien, " Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, XXXII, pp. 214-20. 37. 1942 "Totem Poles: a by-product of the Fur Trade," Short description of Northwest Coast objects Scientific Monthly, December, pp. 507-14. collected by John Weber on Cook's Third Arguments for the recent development of the Voyage now in Bern Historical Museum. totem pole art form. Good old field photo­ Photographs. graphs and comments on history and meaning of some examples. 28. BARBEAU, Charles Marius 1928 "The Modern Growth of the Totem Pole on the 38. 1944 "Totemism, a Modern Growth on the North Northwest Coast," International Congress of Pacific Coast," Journal of American Folk^Lore, Americanists, Proceedings, 23rd session, LVII, pp. 51-58. pp. 505-511. Discussion of evidence per­ A short discussion of the origins and recent taining to the recent development of monu­ development of certain Northwest Coast design mental carvings on the Northwest Coast. elements. Variations of this article with photographs appear in the following publications: 39. 1946 "Bear Mother," Tournal of American Folk-_Lore_, 19 36 Buxton, L.H.D., ed. , Custom is LLX, pp. 1-12. King, London, pp. 85-94. Description of the Bear Mother Myth and its 1938 Journal of the Washington Academy relationship to similar myths from Asia. of Sciences, XXVIII, pp. 385-93. Illustrations of totem poles and argillite carvings depicting aspects of the myth. 29. 1929 "Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia, "-Bulletin 61, 40. 1947 Alaska Beckons, Caxton Printers , Caldwell, Anthropological series 12, National Museum Idaho. of Canada, Ottawa. General discussion of aspects of Northwest Descriptions of each known totem pole in Coast art including a chapter on totem poles, the area with photographs. silversmithing, and weaving. Well illustrated.

30. 1930 "Totem Poles: A Recent Native Art of the 41. 1950 "Totem Poles," Bulletin 119, I, II, National Northwest Coast of America ," Geographical Museum of Canada, Ottawa. Review, XX, no. 2. Catalogue of all the totem poles and monumental General discussion of the significance, carvings of the Northwest Coast known to technique, and relative age of the totem Barbeau, their significance and history. Well pole carving tradition. Illustrated with a illustrated with an extensive bibliography pre­ number of field photographs. Republished pared by James Johnstone and Marcel Rioux. Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution, 7931, pp. 559-70 and in pamphlet form by 42. 1953 "Haida Myths Illustrated in Argillite the Smithsonian Institution, 1932 (publi­ Carvings," Bulletin 127, National Museum cation No. 3166). of Canada, Ottawa. Detailed account of some Haida myths. "Indian Silversmiths on the Pacific Coast," 31. 1939 Well illustrated with carvings in argillite Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal and other media. Society of Canada, Third Series, XXXIII, Section 2, Ottawa, pp. 23-28. Study of silversmiths work in bracelets and brooches with drawings of designs and black and white plates.

6 43. BARBEAU, Charles Marius (cont'd) 53. BERKELEY, Robert H. Lowie Museum 1965 Art of the Northwest Coast, Robert H. Lowie 1954 "Totemic Atmosphere on the Northwest Museum of Anthropology, University of Pacific Coast," Journal of American Folklore, California, Berkeley. LXVII, pp. 103-22. Exhibition catalogue by Michael Harner and Discussion of aspects of Northwest Coast Albert Elsasser, with a general introduction customs and how they do not relate to and about 100 photographs of objects from classical definitions of Totemism. Interest­ American and Canadian collections. ing comments on the recent origin of some Descriptive captions. design elements in the art. 54. BILLINGS, Joseph 44. 1957 "Haida Carvers in Argillite," Bulletin 139, 1802 Expedition to the Northwest Coast of America National Museum of Canada, Ottawa. 1785-94, London. Discussion of the various argillite carvers, their works and content. Well illustrated. 55. BOAS, Franz 45. 1958 "Medicine Men on the North Pacific Coast," 1888 "The Development of the Culture of Northwest Bulletin 152, Anthropological Series No. 42, America," Science, XII, pp. 194-6. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa. General discussion of foreign origin of Haida Detailed descriptions of the activities, careers and Tlingit art. Some mention of totem poles, and creation of medicine men, mostly Haida. their origin among the Kwakiutl and develop­ Well illustrated with objects in Canadian ment by the Haid3. Discussion of Tlingit collections. masks and influence of Eskimo styles.

46. BARNETT, Homer Gardner 56. 1888 "The Houses of the Kwakiutl Indians, British 1939 "Gulf of Georgia Salish," Anthropological Columbia," United States National Museum Records, I, Berkeley, pp. 221-95. Proceedings, II, Washington, D. C., A study of culture element distributions in pp. 197-213. which are included a number of types of Line drawings, plans of a Kwakiutl house, art objects. some discussion of interior decorations.

47. 1942 "The Southern Extent of Totem Pole Carving, 57. 1889 "The Indians of British Columbia," Proceedings Pacific Northwest Quarterly, XXXIII, pp. and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada , 379-389. Series I, pt. VI ii, Ottawa, pp. 47-57. Description of the manifestations of monu­ Some brief discussion of carving styles and use mental carvings and paintings along the of masks. southern part of the Northwest Coast. 58. 1889 "Tattooing Among the Indians of British 48. 1955 The Coast Salish of British Columbia, Columbia , " Transactions of the New York University of Oregon Press, Eugene. Academy of Sciences, VIII, Meeting February 18, A detailed description of Coast Salish pp. 115-116. culture with sections on woodworking Transcript of a lecture with descriptions of and winter ceremonials. Some field motifs, methods and importance of tattooing and photographs of Salish carvings. its greatest development among the Haida. No illustrations. 49. BARRETT-LENNARD, Charles E. 1862 Travels in British Columbia, with a 1890 "The Kwakiutl," Report of the Sixth Meeting Narrative of a Yacht Voyage Round of the British Association for the Advancement Vancouver Island, London. of Science, held at Leeds, LX, pp. 604-32. General account of Indian customs of Some descriptions of dress, ornaments, customs Vancouver Island. Brief mention of art of Kwakiutl. Sketches of a d'entsik board and and monumental carvings. a mask.

50. BASLER, Adolphe 60. 1890 "The Nootka," Report of the Sixth Meeting of 1929 L'Art Chez les Peuples Primitifs , Paris. the British Association for the Advancement of A general study of primitive art forms with Science, held at Leeds, LX, pp. 582-604. a short section on the Northwest Coast. A brief section is devoted to some Nootkan A few illustrations of pieces in the Musee monumental painting and carving and a dis­ de 1'Homme. cussion of a visor mask.

51. BASTIAN, Adolf 61. 1890 "The Use of Masks and Head-ornaments on the 1883-4 "Amerlkas nordwestkuste neueste ergebnisse Northwest Coast of America," Internationales ethnologischer reisen," Der Koniglichen Archiv fur Ethnographle, III, Berlin, pp. 7-15. Museen zu Berlin, Berlin. General account of the significance of masks Two folio volumes with excellent color plates and head ornaments with some illustrations of and black and white photographs of the North­ objects in the Berlin Museum collection. west Coast collections in Berlin with full descriptions. The later volume deals with 62. 1897 "Decorative Art of the Indians of the North Eskimo objects, but one Northwest Coast piece Pacific Coast," American Museum of Natural is included. History Bulletin 9, Article 10, New York, pp. 123-176. 52. BEASLEY, Harry G. A detailed analysis of Northwest Coast art with 1935 "A Memorial Figure of a Haida Shaman," Man, numerous illustrations. The original essay from XXXV, August, p. 113. which the descriptive and important study which Short article illustrating and describing a appears in Boas' Primitive Art was drawn (#68). piece in the Cranmore Ethnological Museum collection. Republished, Ethnologia Cranmorensis, No. 1, 1937. 73. BRETON, A. 63. BOAS, Franz (cont'd) 1917 "Tsimshian Crest Poles at Hazleton and 1897 "The Social Organization of Secret Societies of Kishpiox, British Columbia," Man, XVII, the Kwakiutl Indians," United States National no. 94, pp. 137-9. Museum, Report for 1895, Washingdon, D. C, General description of totem poles with two pp. 311-733. watercolor illustrations keyed to detailed Detailed description of Kwakiutl life. Well descriptions. illustrated with objects in the American Museum of Natural History, and the Jacobsen collection 74. BRITISH COLUMBIA INDIAN ARTS AND WELFARE SOCIETY in Berlin. 1948 Native Designs of British Columbia, Victoria. Booklet of reproductions of Northwest Coast 64. 1898 "Facial Paintings of the Indians of Northern designs drawn from specimens in collections British Columbia," American Museum of Natural of the Victoria Provincial Museum and the History Memoirs No. 2, part 1, Jesup Expedition, American Museum of Natural History, New York, pp. 1-24. New York. A study of the symbolism of facial painting patterns among Northwest Coast Indians, with 75. BROOKLYN MUSEUM illustrations. Republished in 1938. 1939 Masks, Barbaric and Civilized, Brooklyn. An exhibition catalogue by Herbert J. Spinden 65. 1909 "The Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island, American which includes some Northwest Coast masks. Museum of Natural History, Memoirs, No. 8, Illustrated. part 2, Jesup Expedition, 5, New York, pp. 307-516. 76. BRUSSELS, UNIVERSAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION Detailed study of Kwakiutl ethnography. Well 19 58 "Indian Art in the United States," American Art, illustrated with objects in the American Museum Four Exhibitions. of Natural History collections. Exhibition catalogue by Robert Goldwater'with a general introduction and a few illustrations 66. 1916 "Representative Art of Primitive People," of Northwest Coast objects. Holmes Anniversary Volume, Washington, D. C, pp. 18-23. 77. BURLAND, Cottie Discussion of principles of representation in 1965 North American Indian Mythology, London. primitive art forms with particular reference to A general survey of American Indian mythology the art of the Northwest Coast. Reprinted in with a chapter on the Northwest Coast 1940 (#69) and 1966 (#167). summarizing some of the better known myths. Illustrations of sculpture, textiles in color 67. 1921 "Ethnology of the Kwakiutl," Bureau of American and black and white. Ethnology Report No. 35, Washington, D. C, pp. 43-1481. BUTLER, B. Robert Done in collaboration with George Hunt. De­ 1957 "Art of the Lower Columbia Valley," tailed description of Kwakiutl life. The first Archaeology, X, no. 3, pp. 158-65. section, dealing with industries, describes Archaeology of the Dalles Reservoir, certain carving techniques. description and photographs of artifacts including petroglyphs , antler and bone 68. 1927 "Primitive Art," Instituttet for Sammenlignende carvings, implements and some figure Kulturforskning, VII, series B, Oslo. sculptures. A general study of primitive art with an excellent section on the art of the Northwest Coast. Line 79. CAAMANO, Jacinto drawings, designs. Many later editions . 1938 "The Journal of Jacinto Caamano," British See also (#66). Columbia Historical Quarterly, VII, July and October. 69. 1940 Race, Language and Culture, New York. A description of a voyage around the Queen Collection of reprints of various studies and Charlotte Islands in 1792 with some reference essays, some of which deal with the Northwest to Haida carving. Coast (#66). 80. CASSIDY, Appolonia H. 70. BOGARDUS, Emory S 19 32 American Indian art series, New York. 1952 Symbolism in Totem Poles, " Sociology and Loose leaf pamphlet with some sections Social Research, XXXVI, no. 4, March, April, devoted to Northwest Coast art. Illustrations University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and descriptions of masks, spoons, small pp. 247-51. totem poles, etc. , in American Museum of General discussion of totem poles and methods Natural History and Museum of the American of studying their iconography. Reasons for Indian Heye Foundation collections. Some their decline and a summary of Keithahn's excerpts from Cook relating to the art are classification. (#245). included. 71, BOLLES, T. Dix 1893 "Chinese Relics in Alaska," United States 81. CHAPMAN, Anne National Museum Proceedings, XV, Washington, 1965 "M9ts Totemiques, Amerique du Nord, Cote D. C. , pp. 221-2. nord-ouest Objets et Mondes," La Revue du Brief paper on a Tlingit mask collected by Musee de 1'Homme, V. Fasc. 3, Autonne, Bolles in United States National Museum Paris, pp. 175-96. collections, with Chinese temple coins in Study of the use, meaning and symbolism of the eyes. Photograph. totem poles with specific descriptions and illustrations of the two examples in the Musee 72. BOSTON MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS de 1'Homme collection. See also (#371). 1958 Masterpieces of Primitive Art, Boston. Exhibition catalogue by Eliot Elisofon, in­ 82. CHICAGO, THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO cluding some photographs of Northwest Coast 19 64 Yakutat South, Indian Art of the Northwest objects from the Peabody Museum, Harvard Coast, Chicago. University collections. Exhibition catalogue by Allen Wardwell with introduction, description and photographs of objects from American and Canadian collections.

8 83. CHICAGO, FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 96. DALL, William H. 1959 Indian Art of the Americas, Chicago. 1881-2 "Masks, Labrets and Certain Aboriginal Customs, Exhibition catalogue by Donald Collier which Annual Report, United States National Museum, includes some illustrations of Northwest Coast Washington, D.C. pieces from the Field Museum of Natural Early detailed study of some Northwest Coast History collection. specimens in the United States National Museum, with emphasis on masks. Well illustrated. 84. CHITTENDEN, Newton H. 1884 "Hydaland and People," Official Report of the 97. DALTON, O. M. "Notes on an Ethnographical Collection from Exploration of the Queen Charlotte Islands for 1897 the West Coast of North America. . .Hawaii, the Government of British Columbia, Victoria X A copy is in the Beineke Rare Book Library, and Tahiti, Formed during the Voyage of Yale University. Capt. Vancouver, 1790-1795," Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie, X, Berlin, pp. 225-245. CHRISTENSEN, Erwin O. Deals mostly with objects from California, but 195 5 Primitive Art, New York. a few Northwest Coast specimens are included in discussion and illustrations. General study of Primitive Art forms, including the Northwest Coast. Some illustrations of pieces in United States collections . 98. DAVIS, Robert T. 1949 Native Arts of the Pacific Northwest, Stanford. 86. COLLISON, William H. Catalogue of the Rasmussen collection in the Portland Art Museum. Well illustrated. 1915 In the Wake of the War Canoe, London. An account of the author's experiences as a missionary among the Haida. Brief discussion 99. DAWSON, George M. 1878 Report on the Queen Charlotte Islands Geological of argillite carvings, totem poles. Photographs Survey of Canada. Report on Progress, appendix of totems, houses, masks, canoes, etc. A, Montreal. Some detailed remarks on the Haida culture of 87. COLORADO SPRINGS, TAYLOR MUSEUM the time. Illustrations and descriptions of some 19 51 Indians of the Northwest Coast, Colorado objects now in the collection of the McCord Springs. Museum, Montreal. Exhibition catalogue by Erna Gunther with illustrations of Northwest Coast objects from "The Haidas," Harpers New Monthly Magazine, collections in the western United States. 100. 1882 LXV, August, pp. 401-8. Discussion of art, architecture, history of the 89. COOK, James Haidas with particular reference to poles and 1784 A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, London. memorial posts. Engravings of a wooden bowl, Diary of Captain Cook with some observations a village and other scenes of the Queen Charlotte during his visit to Nootka Sound on the Third voyage. A few old engravings. Many later Islands. editions. 101. 1888 "Customs and Arts of the Kwakiool, " Popular 89. CORSER, M. S. Science Monthly, XXXIII, pp. 345-52. nd Totem Lore and the Land of the Totem, The An abridgment of Dawson's paper which appears Nugget Shop, Juneau. in the Royal Society of Canada Proceedings A popular tourist booklet mostly dealing with (#102). the totem pole. 102. 1889 "Notes and Observations of the Kwakiool People, " 90. COVARRUBIAS, Miguel Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal 1945 El Arte Indigena de Norte America, Mexico Society of Canada, Series 5 , part 2 , Ottawa , City. pp. 63-98. Catalogue of an exhibition that included some Brief description of villages, houses and arti­ Northwest Coast objects. Well illustrated. facts of the Kwakiutl.

91. 1954 The Eagle, the Jaguar and the Serpent, New York. 103. 1891 "Introductory Note," Royal Society of Canada, A study of North American Indian art including Proceedings and Transactions, 9, section 2, the Northwest Coast. Well illustrated. Ottawa, pp. 45-47. Introduction to description of Mackenzie's 92. CULLIN, George Haida collection. See also (#290). 1948 "Cedars that Talk," Design, XLIX, no. 8, May, pp. 12-14. 104. DEANS, James Brief popular article concerning totem poles, 1886 "On Copper Images of the Haidah Tribes," with photographs. Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, pp. 14-17. 93. CURTIS, Edward S. Photograph and sketches of five Haida coppers 1913 The Salishan Tribes of the Coast, Norwood, and a description of the dances that were per­ Massachusetts. Volume K of the North formed with them. American Indian Series. General descriptions of Salish culture with 105. 1891 "Carved Columns or Totem Posts of the Haidas," field photographs by the author. American Antiquarian, XIII, pp. 282-7. Description of traditions and methods of Haida 94. 1915 The Kwakiutl, Norwood, Massachusetts. totem pole carving as told to Deans by native Volume X of the North American Indian Series . informants. Some interesting historical accounts A general description of the Kwakiutl culture are included. with many fine field photographs by the author showing certain art objects (masks, 106. 1891 "The Moon Symbol on the Totem Posts on the staffs, headdresses, etc.) in use. Northwest Coast," American Antiquarian, XIII, pp. 341-6. 95. 1916 The Nootka, The Haida, Norwood, Massachusetts. General discussion of Haida totem poles with Volume XI of the North American Indian Series. some interpretation of motifs. The field photographs concerning the Nootka do not show a great deal of art in use, but those of the Haida are significant in this respect. 107. DAWSON, George M. (cont'd) 118. DOUGLAS, Frederick H. 1930 "The Northwest Coast Indians," Indian Leaflet 1893 "Totem Posts at the World's Fair," American Series No. 1, Denver Art Museum. Antiquarian, XV, pp. 281-6. Introduction to the culture of the Northwest Description of totem poles at Columbian Ex­ Coast with drawings of objects in Denver Art position, now in the Field Museum of Natural Museum collection. History collection. Reprinted in 1899 (#109 appendix). 119. 1935 "Types of Indian Masks," Indian Leaflet Series Nos. 65, 66, Denver Art Museum. 108. 1895 "A little known Civilization," American Description of various types of Indian masks, Antiquarian, XVII, pp. 208-13. including a number of Northwest Coast examples. General description of Haida society and a Illustrated with drawings. brief explanation and discussion of crests and their meaning. 120. 1936 "Totem Poles," Indian Leaflet Series Nos. 79, 80, Denver Art Museum. 109. 1899 "Tales from the Totems of the Hidery, " Archives, Introduction to the history, significance and International Folklore Association, II, Chicago. types of totem poles, with drawings of some A collection of folk tales of the Haida. Some examples. field photographs from Vancouver Island and drawings of Northwest Coast designs. 121. DRUCKER, Philip 110. DE LEMOS, Pedro 1940 "Kwakiutl Dancing Societies," Anthropological 1943 "Indian Craft of the Northwest," School Arts, Records , II, University of California , Berkeley, November, pp. 90-91. pp. 201-30. Very brief general article with illustrations of Detailed description of various rituals not de­ some objects in undesignated collections. scribed by F. Boas (#63), with some reference to the objects used. Certain rituals of other groups are also included. 111. DENSMORE, Frances 1927 "Handbook of the Collection of Musical 122 1948 "The Antiquity of the Northwest Coast Totem Pole," Instruments in the United States National Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Museum" , United States National Museum XXXVIII, no. 12, December, pp. 389-97. Bulletin No. 136, Washington, D. C. Summary of various accounts relating to recent General handbook with a few illustrations of development of totem pole carving and description Northwest Coast whistles and rattles. of early poles .

112. DENVER, DENVER ART MUSEUM 123. 1950 "Culture Element Distributions , Northwest 1960 Indian Art of the Americas, pp. 76-95. Coast, " University of California Anthropological General catalogue of the American Indian Records, IX, no. 3, Berkeley. collections at the Denver Art Museum, with Detailed listing of the appearance of various a section on the Northwest Coast. Some elements of culture among eighteen Northwest illustrations. Coast grojps. Distribution of art forms is included. 113. D'HARCOURT, Raoul 1948 Arts de i'Amerique, Paris. 124. 1951 "The Northern and Central Nootkan Tribes," Handbook dealing with the collection in the Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 144, Musee de 1'Homme. Some photographs of Washington, D. C. Northwest Coast pieces. Detailed ethnography with some discussion of the art. Some illustrations of Nootka masks in 114. DOCKSTADER, Frederick J. the United States National Museum collections. 1957 "The American Indian in Graduate Studies," Museum of the American Indian Heye Founda­ 125. 1955 Indians of the Northwest Coast, New York. tion Contributions, XV, New York. Excellent introduction to the society, history, Listing of unpublished theses dealing with and ethnography of the Northwest Coast. A the American Indian. A number deal specifically section on the art includes illustrations of ob­ with Northwest Coast art. jects from the collections of the United States National Museum and the American Museum of 115. 1960 Indian Art in America. Greenwich, Connecticut. Natural History. Later edition. Elaborate publication including a good section on the Northwest Coast. Well illustrated in 126. 1955 "So-irces of Northwest Coast Culture," New Inter­ color and black and white, mostly with objects pretations of Aboriginal American Culture History, from the Museum of the American Indian Heye ed. Betty Meggers, 75th Anniversary Volume of Foundation collection. the Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington, D. C, pp. 59-82. 116. 1961 "Indian Art of the Northwest Coast," Craft Survey of Northwest Coast cultural traits that re­ Horizons, XXI, No. 4, June, July, pp. 22-29. late to the Eskimo with some reference to art: Reprint of the section of the Northwest Coast in canoe types, totem poles, stylization, use of Dockstader's Indian Art In America (#115) with masks and puppets, etc. photographs of objects in the Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation collection. 127. 1965 Cultures of the North Pacific Coast, San Francisco. A broad introduction to the entire range of Pacific 117. DORSEY, Geo-ge A. coast cultures. Some good color plates of masks, 1902 "The Duamlsh Indian Spirit Boat and Its Use" boxes, rattles, etc. , from the Northwest Coast. University of Pennsylvania, Free Museum of Science and Art, Bulletin, III, Philadelphia, 128. DUFF, Wilson pp. 227-238. nd Thunderbird Park, British Columbia Government Description and photographs of the Duamish Travel Bureau, Victoria. spirit boat in the University Museum, Univer­ Tourist guide to the Northwest Coast monuments sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Brief in Thunderbird Park, Victoria. Photographs. discussion and photographs of some figures from the Cedar River area in the Field Museum of Natural History.

10 129. DUFF, Wilson (cont'd) 140. EMMONS, George T. 1959 "Histories, Territories and Laws of the 1903 "The Basketry of the Tlingit," American Museum Kitwancool," Anthropology in British Columbia, of Natural History, Memoirs, 3, part 2, pp. Memoirs, No. 4, British Columbia Provincial 229-277. Museum, Victoria. Detailed analysis of basketry including weaving History of totem poles of the wolf clan, the techniques, decoration forms and motifs. En­ frog clan and one known as ha-ne-lal-gag. gravings showing details accompanying the text, Photographs. photographs of examples in American Museum of Natural History collection. 130. 1960 "The Killer Whale Copper (A Chief's Memorial to His Son), " Victoria Provincial Museum Re­ 141. 1908 "Copper Neck Rings of Southern Alaska," port, Victoria, pp. 32-36. American Anthropologist, X, pp. 644-49. A transcript of the significance of a copper Discussion of the use of copper ornaments and its history as told by Mungo Martin. on the Northwest Coast. One illustration Illustration. of a neck ring.

131. 1964 "Contributions of Marius Barbeau to West 142. 1908 "The Use of the Chilkat Blanket," American Coast Ethnology," Anthropologia NS, VI, no. 1, Museum of Natural History Journal, VIII, pp. 63-96. pp. 65-70. Detailed discussion of the totem pole origins Description of use and design iconography of in Asia with specific reference to various crests Chilkat blankets with photographs. based on Barbeau's studies, comparisons be­ tween pole carvings and other sculpture. 143. 1911 The Tahltan Indians, University Museum, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 132. 1964 "Indian History of British Columbia," An ethnographic study of the Indians of the Anthropology in British Columbia, Memoirs, northern interior with illustrations from the No. 5, British Columbia Provincial Museum, collections of the Field Museum of Natural Victoria. History and Museum of the American Indian Some discussion of the impact of the white man Heye Foundation. Some objects are un­ on the arts of the Northwest Coast, restoration doubtedly of Tlingit manufacture. of poles and argillite carvings. No photographs. 144. 1912 "The Kitselas of British Columbia," American 133. DUFF, Wilson and C. F. Newcombe Anthropologist, XIV, pp. 467-71. 1963 "Stone Clubs from the Skeena River Area ," Brief description of a small Tsimshian sub­ Provincial Museum of British Columbia Re­ group. Four illustrations of their totem poles. port for 19 62, Victoria, pp. 27-38. Detailed discussion, description and illustration 145. 1913 "Some Kitksan Totem Poles," American Museum of Tsimshian stone clubs known to the author of Natural History Journal, XIII, pp. 3 62-9. with remarks on their style and significance. Description and iconography of totem poles at Kitksan with photographs. 134. DUNN, Josephine H. 1953 "Puppets of the Skeena," Canadian Geographical 146. 1914 "Portraiture Among the North Pacific Coast Journal, XLVII, no. 6, December, pp. 248-252. Tribes," American Anthropologist, XVI, Description of the use of puppets among the pp. 59-67. Tsimshian with drawings of five examples in the A brief examination of the realistic art of the National Museum of Canada collection. Northwest Coast with illustrations. 135. DURHAM, Geo'ge 1955 "Canoes from Cedar Logs," Pacific Northwest 147. 191: "Tsimshian Stories in Carved Wood," American Quarterly, XLVI, Seattle, pp. 33-9. Museum of Natural History Journal, XV, Detailed study of canoe types and their history, pp. 363-6. with emphasis on early models. Three black The iconography of a totem pole at Kitzegukla and white photographs . on the Skeena River with a photograph.

136. DURHAM, William 148. 1916 "The Whale House of the Chilkat," American 1954 "Painted Chests of the Northwest, " Craft Museum of Natural History Journal, XVI, Horizons, XIV, no. 6, November, December, no. 7, pp. 451-60. pp. 35-37. A detailed study of the whale house with de­ Discussion of large Northwest Coast boxes scriptions of iconography of interior posts and the carving and painting methods used by and the history of the house. Field photo­ the author to make reproductions of them. graphs, a diagram and watercolor repro­ Photographs of carving in process. ductions of the posts, interior decoration and screen. Also published in American Museum 137. 1960 Canoes and Kayaks of Western America, Copper of Natural History Anthropological Papers, Canoe Press, Seattle, pp. 29-82. 1916, pp. 1-33. Study including photographs and designs of Haida, Nootka and Salish canoes and their 149. 192] "Slate Mirrors of the Tsimshian," Indian Notes equipment. and Monographs, XV, Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation, New York. 138. EBERSTADT, (ed) Description of mirror forms of the Tsimshian, 1941 "The Northwest Coast: A Century of Personal with photographs of five examples in Museum Narratives of Discovery, Conquest and Explora­ of the American Indian Heye Foundation and tion, Bering's Landfall to Wilkes' Surveys," American Museum of Natural History collections. Catalogue No. 119. A catalogue of early books, maps and manu­ 150. 1923 "Jade fn British Columbia and its use by the scripts relating to the Northwest Coast. Natives ," Indian Notes and Monographs , Miscellaneous No. 35, Museum of the American 139. EIFERT, Virginia S. Indian Heye Foundation, New York. 1947 "Lincoln on a totem pole," Natural History, LVI, A description of a collection of jade pieces no. 2, February, pp. 64-66. collected by Emmons and now in the Museum A popular historical account tracing how the of the American Indian Heye Foundation figure of Lincoln came to be used among certain collection. Color illustrations. Tlingit totem poles. Two photographs. 11 151. EMMONS, George T. (cont'd) 162. FERNANDEZ, Justino 19 39 Tomas de Suria y su Viage con Malaspina, 179 l. 1925 "The Kitikshan and Their Totem Poles," Natural Mexico City. History, XXV, no. 1, pp. 33-48. Diary of Malaspina's voyage to the Northwest General study of customs and significance of Coast by de Suria, the artist. Some engravings totem poles erected by the Kitikshan Indians. by Mulgrave. Good site photographs by author. 163. FORD, Clellan, S. 152 1928 "Wings of Haida Ceremonial Canoes," Indian 1941 Smoke from their Fires, The Life of a Kwakiutl Notes, V, July, Museum of the American Indian Chief, New Haven. Heye Foundation, New York, pp. 298-302. An introduction to Kwakiutl life with specific r B ief discussion and illustration of a type of discussions of wood carving and weaving canoe decoration of the Haida. followed by an account of the life of Charles Nowell. A few site photographs. 153. 1930 "The Art of the Northwest Coast Indians," Natural History, XXX, pp. 282-292. General article describing various aspects of 164. FORMAN, W. and B. the art, accompanied with a number of site nd Exotic Art, London, pp. 172-194. photographs showing villages at the end of the General introduction with photographs of North­ 19th century. west Coast objects in Czechoslovakian collections. 154. EMMONS, George T. and F. Boas 1907 "The Chilkat Blanket, with notes on Blanket 165. FOSTER, W. Garland, Ms. Art, Historical Designs," American Museum of Natural 1928 "The Graphic Art of the Haidas,' History, Memoirs, 3 , part 4 , New York , and Scientific Association Museum and Art Notes, pp. 329-400. III, no. 1, Vancouver, pp. 5-8. Detailed study of the iconography of Chilkat Brief history of argillite carving with 'eference blanket design. Many illustrations of to the work of Charles Edensaw. Three photo­ blanket patterns. graphs . 166. FRASER, Douglas 155. EMMONS, George T. andG.P.L. Miles 1962 Primitive Art, New York. 1939 "Shamanistic Charms," Ethnologia Cranmorensis , General study of primitive art from a d.'.ffusionist IV, Cranmore, pp. 31-35. standpoint. Includes a section on the North­ Discussion and description of a group of west Coast with a few illustrations. Northwest Coast ivory and bone charms in the Beazley collection. Well illustrated. 167. 1966 The Many Faces of Primitive Art, Englewood Cliffs. 156. ERNST, Alice H. An anthology of significant essays in the field 1933 "Masks of the Northwest Coast," Theatre of primitive art including the republication of Arts, August, pp. 646-656. Boas' study of representative art and Miss A general article with some photographs by Waite's work on Kwakiutl masks (#66, 420). W. A. Newcombe of masks in the Victoria Provincial Museum collection. 168. FRAZER, James George 1910 "To*emism in North-west America," Totemism 1933 "Northwest Coast Animal Dances," Theatre 157. and Exogamy, III, Chapter XVII, London, Arts, September, pp. 661-72. pp. 251-369. Popular article describing various animal General account of Northwest Coast ritual and dances with illustrations of masks in the the use of the art farms. No illustrations. Museum of the American Indian Heye Founda­ tion collections . 169, FUHRMANN, E. 1923 Tlinkit-und Haida-Indianer, Darmstadt. 158. 1945 "Thunderbird Dance. Native North American One of the earliest art books concerned with Theatre," Theatre Arts, February, pp. 118-25. the Northwest Coast. Well illustrated with Popular article describing theatrical aspects objects in German collections. of Thunderbird dance of the Northwest Coast with photographs of two masks and a totem 170. GAINES, Ruth pole. 1931 "Books on Indian Arts North of Mexico," Introduction to American Indian Art by John 159. 195 2 The Wolf Ritual of the Northwest Coast, Sloan and Oliver La Farge, II, Article 12. University of Oregon Press, Eugene. A bibliography of American Indian art with Detailed description of the ritual as practiced numerous references to the Northwest Coast. by the Nootka, the Makah and the Quilente Indians. Illustrations of objects in the 171, GALIANO, DionisioA. American Museum of Natural History, Museum 1802 Relacion del Viage hecho por las Gotelas Sutil of the American Indian Heye Foundation, and y Mexicana para Reconocer el Estrecho de Field Museum of Natural History collections. Fuca, Madrid. A diary of a voyage to the Northwest Coast in 160. FARRAND, Livingston 1792 with some portrait engravings of Nootka 1900 "Basketry Designs of the Salish Indians," Indians. American Museum of Natural History Memoirs , II, pt. 5 , New York. 172. GALPIN, F. W. Brief study including drawings and photo­ 1903 "The Whistles and Reed Instruments of the North­ graphs of specimens in the American west Coast," Proceedings of the Royal Musical Museum of Natural History collections. Association, XXDC, London, pp. 115-33. Detailed descriptions of musical instruments 161. FEDER, Norman, and E. Malin with some illustrations of finely carved examples. 1962 "Indian Art of the Northwest Coast, " Indian Leaflet Series, Nos. 148-171, Denver Art Museum, Denver. Study of Northwest Coast art with particular reference to Denver Art Museum collections. Well illustrated. 12 173. GARFIELD, Viola 185. GORDON, G. B 1939 "Tsimshian Clan and Society," University of 1918 Legends of Kit-Selas , " Museum Journal, LX, Washington, Publications in Anthropology, VII, March, University of Pennsylvania, pp. 39-49, Seattle, pp. 167-340. A collection of Tsimshian legends from the Detailed study of the Tsimshian including de­ Skeena River with field photographs of totem scriptions of the significance of the totem pole poles at Kitwankool. and the potlatch ceremony. 186. GORMLY, M. 174. 1950 "The Tsimshian: Their Arts and Music," 1955 "Spanish Documentary Material Pertaining to Publications of the American Ethnological the Northwest Coast Indians," Davidson Society, XVIII, New York. Journal of Anthropology, I, Seattle, pp. 21-41 Description of Tsimshian culture including a X Copies at Chapel Hill and University of valuable discussion of art forms, techniques California, Berkeley Libraries. and-motifs. See also (#442). 187. GUNN, S. W. A. 175. 1951 Meet the Totem, Sitka. 1964 Totem Poles in Stanley Park, Vancouver. X Said to be a popular account of the significance X of totem poles. 188. GUNTHER, Erna 176. 1953 "Antecedents of Totem Pole Carving," Proceed­ 1956 "The Social Disorganization of the Haida as ings of the Fourth Alaskan Science Conference, Reflected in their Slate Carvings , " Davidson Juneau, pp. 242-8. Journal of Anthropology, II, Seattle, Descriptions of various early interior archi­ pp. 149-53. tectural features such as house posts and X Copies at Chapel Hill and University of columns which later were adapted to totem poles, California, Berkeley Libraries. mortuary columns and grave markers. 189. 1960 "Vancouver and the Indians of Puget Sound," 177. 1955 "Making a Bird or Chief's Rattle," Davidson Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LI, Seattle, Journal of Anthropology, I, Seattle, pp. 155-164. pp. 1-12. X Copies at Chapel Hill and the University of Discussion of Nootka whalebone clubs, California, Berkeley Libraries. collections made by Vancouver. Illustrations of an oil dish and mountain goat horn bracelets. 178. 1955 "Making a Box Design," Davidson Journal of Anthropology, I, Seattle, pp. 165-168. 190. 1962 "Seattle Fair- Indian Art," Art in America, X Copies at Chapel Hill and the University of Summer, pp. 8-9. California, Berkeley Libraries. Brief article describing exhibition shown at the Seattle World's Fair. (#369). Three photographs . 179. GARFIELD, Viola and L. A. Fo-rest 1948 The Wolf and the Raven, Seattle. 191. 1963 "West Coast Indian Art goes to the Fair," The Guide to totem pole parks of Alaska with Beaver Outfit 293, Spring, pp. 4-13. photographs. Description of the exhibition at the Seattle World's Fair illustrated with some plates used 180. GEIST, Sidney in the catalogue (#369). 1953 "Indians of the Northwest," Art Digest, December 15, pp. 14-15. 192. 19 66 Art in the Life of the Northwest Coast Indian, Brief review of an exhibition at the Carlebach Portland. Gallery. One photograph. A thorough introduction to Northwest Coast culture accompanied ,vith a catalogue and 181. GODDARD, Pliny Earle illustrations in color and black and white of 1934 "Indians of the Northwest Coast," Handbook the entire Rasmussen collection at the No. 10 , American Museum of Natural History, Portland Art Maseum. New York. General handbook on Northwest Coast 193. HABERLAND, Wolfgang ethnography with a number of illustrations 1964 The Art of North America, New York. of objects in the American Museum of Natural Broad survey of American Indian art with a History collections. chapter on the Northwest Coast. Line drawings and color plates of objects in North 182. GOEKEN American and European collections. 1886 "Das religiose Leben der Bella-Coola Indianer, Original Mittheilungen aus der Ethnologischen 194. HAEBERLIN, Herman K. Abtheilung der Koniglichen Museen, I, Berlin, 1918 "Principles of Esthetic form in the Art of the pp. 183-6. North Pacific Coast," American Anthropologist, X Copies at Columbia University and Berkeley NS, XX, pp. 258-64. Libraries. Discussion of methods of approach which might be used in the description of Northwest Coast 183. GOLDENWEISER, Alexander A. art forms. An important early study. 1940 "Culture of the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest," Oregon Historical Quarterly, 195. HALLIDAY, William M. XLI, no. 2, June, Salem, Oregon, pp. 137-146. 1935 Potlatch and Totem and the Recollections of Brief description of houses, wood carvings, an Indian Agent, Tconto and London. coppers, blankets, etc. of all Northwest Coast General descriptions of Kwakiutl culture with groups. No photographs. brief text dealing with art. Numerous illustrations of masks, totems at Alert Bay, 184. GOODFELLOW, John C. grave posts, houses, etc. 1926 "The Secret of the Totem Pole," Art, Historical and Scientific Association Museum and ^rt 196. HAMBLETON, Josephine Notes, I, no. 3, October, Vancouver, pp. 8-11. 1951 "The Raven, Frog and Bear Totem Pole. A Brief description of totem pole iconography Masterpiece of Haid3 Art," Bulletin National with reference to those in Stanley Park, Museum of Canada, CXXIII, Ottawa, pp. 80-83. Vancouver. Photograph of Chief Wakius' pole. Detailed description of an argillite totem pole carved by Isaac Chapman and discussion of his history, methods and style. Photographs. 13 197. HAMBURG, UMLAUFF MUSEUM 208. HARRISON, Charles 1903 Sammlung Nordwest-Amerika, Katalog No. 131. 1925 Ancient Warriors of the North Pacific, London. Photographs of over 100 Northwest Coast ob­ Two detailed chapters dealing with the Haida jects in the Umlauff Museum collection. with specific reference to some masks, utensils, weapons, etc. Field photographs of poles at 198. HAMY, Ernest T. Mas set and other sites. 1897 Galerie Americaine du Musee d'Ethnographie du Trocadero, Paris, I. 209. HAWTHORNE, Audrey A folio volume including photographs and 1967 Art of the Kwakiutl Indians, Vancouver and accompanying texts on a Tsimshian stone Seattle. mask and two Haida argillite totem poles in Illustrated catalogue of the collections of the the Musee de 1'Homme collection. University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology. 199. 1897 "Note sur un Masque en Pierre des Indiens de la Riviere Nass, Colombie Britannique," 210. HAWTHORNE, Harry B. Journal de la Societe des Americanistes, I, 1961 "The Artist in Tribal Society: The Northwest pp. 167-70. Coast," Royal Anthropological Institute, Description of the known history and signifi­ Occasional Papers, No. 15, London, pp. 59-70. cance of the Tsimshian stone mask in the A study of the position of the Northwest Coast Musee de 1'Homme collection. artist with particular reference to Mungo Martin, a Southern Kwakiutl carver of the 20th 200. HAMY, Ernest T. century. Some illustrations of his work. 1900 "Sculptures Haida," International Congress of Americanists 12th Session, Paris, 211. HAWTHORNE, Harry, C. Belshaw and S. Jamieson pp. 109-114. 1958 The Indians of British Columbia, Berkeley. Short discussion of argillite carving with Descriptions of Indian adjustments to modern illustrations of two early examples in the Canadian society. Listings of areas where Musee de 1'Homme collections. art of significant quality is still being pro­ duced, with emphasis on woodcarving, slate- 201. HARDING, Anne D. and P. Boiling carving , basketry and sijverwork. 1938 "Bibliography of Articles and Papers on North American Indian Art," United States Department of Interior, Indian Arts and Crafts 212. HEIZER, Robert Board, Washington, D. C. 1940 "The Introduction of Monterey Shells to An important reference listing publications in the Indians of the Northwest Coast," four categories with brief coded descriptions. Pacific Northwest Quarterly, XXXI, Mimeographed. pp. 399-402. Brief article tracing the methods of obtain­ 202. HARRINGTON, Lyn ing shells from the south by Northwest 1949 "Artists in Argillite," School Arts, June, Coast Indians and their use for decorative pp. 345-7. inlay. Description of argillite carving with specific reference to the work of Louis Collison. 213. HENKING, Karl H. Photographs of work in progress. 1955-6 "Die Sudsee und Alaskasammlung Johan Waber," Jahrbuch des Bernischen Historischen Museums 203. 1949 "Last of the Haida Carvers," Natural History, in Bern, XXXV and XXXVI, Bern. XLIX, no. 5, May, pp. 200-205. X Copy in the library of the Peabody Museum, Description of techniques used by Louis Harvard University. Collison in carving argillite with photographs showing him at work and some argillite objects. 214. HENTZE, Carl 1936 Objets, Rituels, Croyances et Dieux de la 204. HARRINGTON, Lyn and R. Chine antique et de l'Amerique, Antwerp. 1952 "Haida Carver of Argillite," Canadian Geo­ Study from a diffusionist standpoint with some graphical Journal, XLV, no. 1 July, pp. 38-40. engravings of Northwest Coast pieces in Brief discussion of Louis Collison, an argillite various collections placed with objects from carver of Skidegate with photographs of carving China and other North American Indians to techniques. show interrelationships.

205, HARRINGTON, Mark R. 215. HEYE, George G. and W. C. Orchard 1912 "The Northwest Coast Collections of the 1926 "A Rare Salish Blanket," Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, " University American Indian Heye Foundation Leaflet Museum of Pennsylvania Journal, III, pp. 10-15. Series, New York. General introduction to the collection. A Technical description of manufacture and few illustrations of Tlingit objects. design of a Salish blanket, other descriptions of blankets from Fraser River Salish. Photo­ graphs of blankets, spindle whorls, loom, etc. 206. HARRINGTON, Mark R. (cont'd) 19 33 "A Northwest Coast War Club from Santa Catalina Island," The Masterkey, VII, No. 2, 216. HILL-TOUT, Charles Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, pp. 46-7. 1899 "Notes of the Prehistoric Races of British Short article describing a fragment of a Columbia and their Monuments," British whalebone club from the Southern Northwest Columbia Mining Record, Christmas, Coast. One illustration. Victoria and Vancouver. X 207. HARRIS, William L. 217. 1907 British North America. The Far West, the Home 1918 "Native Sources for American Design," Good of the Salish and the Dene, Toronto. Furniture Magazine, April, pp. 225-232. Detailed descriptions of customs, society of General, somewhat inaccurate, comments on coast and inland Salish and Dene. Numerous Northwest Coast art and belief with illustra­ site photographs and reproductions of dress, tions of objects in the American Museum of utensils, monumental carvings, etc. Natural History and Brooklyn Museum collections.

14 218. HILL-TOUT, Charles (cont'd) 229. 1895 Catalogue of the Ethnological Collection_of_the 1929 "Indian Masks and What they Signify," _Art, United States National Museum of the Smith­ Historical and Scientific Association Museum sonian Institution, Washington, D. C. and Art Notes, IV, no. 3, Vancouver, pp. 91-3. Descriptive catalogue of American Indian material Discussion of general significance and use of from United States National Museum, collections Northwest Coast masks with reference and shown at the Columbian Historical Exposition, illustration of a Tsimshian movable eagle mask Madrid 1892, which included Northwest Coast in the museum collection. items. No illustrations.

219. 1929 "Myth of Salmon Coming to Squamish Waters," 230. HOUSTON, MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS Art, Historical and Scientific Association 1959 Totems Not Taboo. Museum and Art Notes, IV, no. 2, Vancouver, Exhibition catalogue including some Northwest pp. 62-4. Coast objects from the American Museum of Illustration of a Squamish carving of the salmon Natural History, the Robert Lowie Museum chief in the museum collection and a description and other collections. Illustrated. of the myth which inspired the figure. 231. HOUSTON, UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS 220. 19 32 "A Unique Native Carving," Art, Historical and 1959 Persona Grata; An Exhibition of Masks. Scientific Association Museum and Art Notes, Exhibition catalogue including some Northwest VII, no. 1, Vancouver, pp. 3-5. Coast masks from various collections. Description and illustration of one of a pair of Illustrated. argillite boxes made by Charlie Edensaw. 232. HOWAY, Frederick W. (ed) 221. HODGE, Frederick Webb 1941 "Voyages of the Columbia to the Northwest 1924 "Kwakiutl Sword, Museum of the American Coast, 1787-90: 1790-93," Massachusetts Indian Heye Foundation Indian Notes , I, no. 4, Historical Society Collections, LXXLX, Boston. October, pp. 200-204. Brief discussion of dress , ornamen's, houses, Description and illustration of an unusual bone weapons, etc. of Indians of Nootka Sound. club in the Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation collection. 233. INVERARITY, Robert Bruce 1941 Movable Masks and Figures of the North Pacific 222. 1929 "A Nootka Basketry Hat," Museum of the Coast Indians , Cranbrook Institute of Science, American Indian Heye Foundation Indian Notes, Cranbrook. VI, no. 3, July, pp. 254-58. Discussion and Illustration in cole of various Description and study of a Nootka hat in the movable objects of the Northwest Coast from Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation various collections. Limited edition. collection. 234. 1946 "Northwest Coast Indian Art, a Brief Survey," 223. HOFFMAN, W. T. Washington State Museum Series No. 1 , 1884 "Remarks on Aboriginal Art in California and Seattle. Queen Charlotte Island," Proceedings of the Preliminary study of Northwest Coast art. Much Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, IV, of the text was later incorporated into Inverarity's pp. 119-21. major book (#235). A few illustrations of pieces Description of Haida tattooing, totem poles in the Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State and tattooing implements. No photographs. Museum, University of Washington.

224. HOFFMAN W. J. (cont'd) 235. 1950 Art of the Northwest Coast Indians, Los Angeles . 1885 "Die Kunst unter den Haida Indianer,' Detailed discussion of Northwest Coast art Ausland, LVIII, no. 36, Stuttgart, pp. 701-4. profusely illustrated with objects from most of A general study of Haida art with drawings the significant collections of North America. A of various motifs. basic reference. Later editions.

225. HOLM, Bill 236. IVANOV, S. 1965 Northwest Coast Indian Art, University of 1928 "Aleut Hunting Headgear and Its Ornamentation, Washington Press, Seattle. Proceedings of the International Congress of Principles of two dimensional Northwest Coast Americanists, 23rd Session, New York, design a'e analyzed and well illustrated both pp. 477-504. with drawings by the author and photographs. Although basically a study of the Aleutian hats An important and basic guide to the elements and their decoration, a number of Northwest of this style. Coast helmet masks and visor masks are com­ pared and illustrated, including some in the 226. HOLMBERG, H. J. Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at 1885-62 Etnographische Skizzen uber die Volker des Leningrad. Russischen Amerika , 2 volumes , Helsinki. Introduction to Alaskan culture with a section 237. JACOBSEN, J. A. on the Tlingit and some reference to the art. 1891 "Geheimbunde der Kustenbewohner Nordwest No illustrations. Americas," Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschatt fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie 227. HOOPER, J. and C. Burland und Urgeschichte, Berlin, pp. 383-395. 195 3 The Art of Primitive Peoples, London. A study of the use of masks among the Ts*«»i General introduction to primitive art illustrated with photographs of examples in the ©erlin with objects in the Hooper collection, in­ Museum fur Volkerkunde collection. cluding eight from the Northwest Coast. 236. JENNESS, Diamond 228. HOUGH, Walter 1934 "Fading Scenes on Quatsino Inlet, Canadt«r» 1893 'Primitive American Armor," United States Geographical Journal, VIII, pp. 88-97. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Discussion of four Kwakiutl groups that in­ Annual Report, Washington, D. C., pp. 625-51. habited Quatsino area. Photographs showing Study of American Indian armor with drawings everyday scenes, including a potlatch group, and photographs of examples in United States a canoe, chiefs' graves, and a stone oil dish. National Museum, collections, including some Northwest Coast helmets and collars. 15 239. 1955 "The Faith of a Coast Salish Indian," 252. KIMBALL, Yeffe Anthropology in British Columbia Memoirs 1949 Northwest Coast Indian Art Surveyed by Nos. 2,3, British Columbia Provincial Museum, Portland Museum," Art Digest, Ap-il 15, Victoria. pp. 8-11. Detailed descriptions of winter dances, guardian Article describing significance of the Rasmussen spirits, funeral rites and the use of masks and collection at its opening display at the Port­ dolls. land Art Museum. Numerous photographs, in­ cluding a color plate on the cover. 240. JONES, Livingston F. 1914 A Study of the Thlinqets of Alaska, New York. 253. KISS ELL, Mary L. Detailed descriptions of Tlingit customs, 1916 "A New Type of Spinning in North America," history, art and ornamentation. Chapters American Anthropologist, XVIII, pp. 264-70. dealing with wood carving, basketry, and Description of a unique spinning technique totemism. Photographs of villages , dance employed by the Salish, with two illustrations. ceremonies, totems, etc. 254. 1928 "The Early Geometric Patterned Chilkat," 241. JOYCE, T. A. American Anthropologist, XXX, pp. 116-120. 1903 "A Totem-pole in the British Museum, " Royal Description and illustrations of four early Anthropological Institute Journal, XXXIII, Chilkat blankets. pp. 90-95. Description and illustration (photographs and 255. 1929 "Organized Salish Blanket Pattern," American line drawings) of a Haida totem pole from the Anthropologist, XXXI, pp. 85-8. village of Kayang and a facsimile model of it. Description and illustration of various types of early textile designs of the Salish. 242. 1921 "Note on a Carved Wooden Coffer from British Columbia," Man, XXI, no. 1, pp. 1-2. 256. 19 31 "Indian Weaving," Introduction to American Analysis and description of a Haida or Indian Art, by John Sloan and Olive"" La Farge, Tsimshian storage box in the British Museum II, Article 10. with two photographs. Introduction to aspects of Indian weaving with description and photograph of a Chilkat 243. 1934 "Totem Pole from the Nass River, British blanket. Columbia," British Museum Quarterly, IX, no. 1, p. 8. 257. KOPAS, Clifford R. Brief note describing a totem pole in the 1948 "Bella Coola," The Beaver Outfit 279, June, British Museum. One photograph. pp. 26-31. A number of field photographs of Bella Coola 244. KANSAS CITY. NELSON GALLERY AND ATKINS MUSEUM villages taken by Kopas. 1962 "The Imagination of Primitive Man," Bulletin, IV, no. 1, Kansas City. 258. KOPPERT, Vincent A. Exhibition catalogue by Ralph T. Coe which 1930 "Contributions to Clayoquot Ethnology," includes some Northwest Coast objects, Catholic University of America Anthropological photographs and remarks on their significance. Series, I, Washington, D. C. , pp. 1-124. Detailed ethnography with a few photographs 245. KEITHAHN, Edward L. and brief descriptions of some art objects. 1945 Monuments in Cedar, Ketchikan. Popular introduction to totem pole lore with 259. KRAUSE, Ariel photographs of poles in situ. 1885 Die Tlingit Indianer, Jena. Detailed account of Tlingit life with fair 246. 1954 "Human Hair as a Decorative Feature in engravings. Translated by Erna Gunther and Tlingit Ceremonial Paraphernalia," Anthropo­ republished Seattle, 1955. logical Papers, Alaska University, III, pp. 17-20. Analysis of use and significance of human hair 260. KRICKEBERG, Walter as decoration with conclusion that it is 1922 "America, Illustrierte Volkerkunde, herausgegeben basically a Tlingit trait. von George Buschan, 3 Aufl. , Bd. 1 Stuttgart. A general introduction with illustrations of 247. 1959 Native Alaskan Art in the State Historical objects from Berlin Museum fiir Volkerkunde. Museum, Juneau. A museum guide, well illustrated with objects 261, 1925 "Malereien auf ledernen Zeremonialkleidern from the Northwest Coast. der Nordwestamerikaner," Ipek, Bd. I, pp. 140-150. 243. KEITHAHN, Edward L. (cont'd) A brief study of Northwest Coast painting 1962 "Heraldic Screens of the Tlingit," Alaska illustrated with some fine examples in German Sportsman, XXVIII, no. 2. collections. X Copies in the New York Public Library and the Library of Congress. 262. KRIEGER, Herbert W. 1926 "Some Aspects of the Northwest Coast Indians' 249. KERMODE, Francis Art," Scientific Monthly, XXIII, September, 1915 "Descriptive List of Northwest Collections," Provincial Museum of British Columbia, Re­ pp. 210-219. port for 1915, Victoria. General description of art types and motifs Museum guide to the collections, including with emphasis on totem poles. Six good, old some photographs. field photographs.

263. 1927 "Indian Villages of Southeastern Alaska," 250. 1916 "Annotated list of Collections from the Northwest, Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, Provincial Museum of British Columbia, Report pp. 467-494. for 1916, Victoria. General description of Northwest Coast culture A list of accessions. No illustrations . with specific reference to villages of the Tlingit and Haida. Short, but interesting, 251. KERR, R. passages on the origins, styles and decline of 1931 "A Totem Pole from the Nass River, British the art. Sixteen rare field photographs included. Columbia," Man, XXXI, no. 21, pp. 20-21. Description of a totem pole in the Royal Scottish Museum with one photograph. 16 274. 1953 "The Chilkat Blanket," Canadian Geographical 264. KRIEGER, Herbert W. Journal, XLVI, no. 2, February, p. 83. 1927 " Smithsonian Explorations 1926: Archaeological Short note describing significance and and Ethnological Studies in Southeast Alaska," methods of manufacture of Chilkat blankets. Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections, One photograph. LXXVIII, Section no. 7, pp. 174-187. General discussion of totem poles, woods used 275. LEVI-STRAUSS, Claude and methods of erection. Photographs of poles 1943 "Art of the Northwest Coast at the American and houses in situ, particularly at Kasaan. Museum of Natural History," Gazette des Beaux Arts, XXIV, September, pp. 175-82. 265. 1928 "American Indian Costumes in the United States Introduction to Northwest Coast art with National Museum," Smithsonian Institution some emphasis on diffusionist theories. Annual Report, p. 62 3. Illustrated. A survey of the collections, including some ex­ amples of Northwest Coast costume. Illustrated. 276. 1958 "Le de'doublement de la representation dans les arts de l'Asie et de 1'Amerique," Anthropologie 266. 1930 "Aspects of Aboriginal Decorative Art in America , Structurale, Chapter XIII, pp. 269-294. Based on Specimens in the United States National X Museum, " Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, pp. 519-556. 277. LEWIS, Hunter A short section on the Northwest Coast illustrates 1947 "The Disappearing Totem Pole," Canadian Art, some pieces in the United States National Museum V, no. 1, Autumn, pp. 17-18. collections. Brief general discussion of totem poles with photographs of poles at Kitwanga and the 2 67. KROEBER, Alfred L. Musee de 1'Homme. 1923 "American Culture and the Northwest Coast," American Anthropologist, XXV, pp. 1-20. 278. LINDBLOM, Gerhard Analysis of the differences between Northwest 1936 "A Kwakiutl Totem Pole in Stockholm," Ethnos, Coast culture and other American Indian cultures I, no. 6, November, pp. 137-41. and a study of some of the similarities shared Detailed description of iconography, history by the Northwest Coast Indians and certain and significance of a totem pole at the Ethno­ Asiatic peoples. graphical Museum in Stockholm. Two photo­ graphs .

268. 1937 "Primitive Art," Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, I, New York, pp. 226-229. 279. LINDSAY, Thomas B. A general essay on primitive art with some 1961 "Basketry and Weaving of the North Pacific reference to Northwest Coast conventions Coast," Scottish Art Review, VIII, no. 1, and the relationship of the art to Oriental pp. 16-21. prototypes. Description and illustration of some Northwest Coast weavings and basketry hats in the 269. LA JOLLA ART CENTER Glasgow art Gallery and Museum collections. 19 62 Indian Art of the Northwest Coast. 280. LINDSTROM, Charles Catalogue of an exhibition by Erna Gunther. 1945-6 "Indigenous Art of the Northwest and Alaskan Objects drawn from west coast United States Coasts," Pacific Art Review, IV, M. H. collections, some illustrations, short general DeYoung Museum, San Francisco, pp. 25-36. introduction. General study of Northwest Coast and Alaskan art prompted by an exhibition at the University LAVACHERY, Henri A. 270. of California Art Gallery, with photographs and 1929 Les Arts Anciennes d'Amerique au Musee descriptions of some objects in California Archeologique de Madrid, Antwerp. collections. Limited edition which illustrates and de­ scribes the American Indian collections. Five Northwest Coast objects are included 281. LIPSHITS, B. "Tlingit Armour," Sbornik Muzeia Antropologii i which were collected by Captain Malaspina 1955 Etnografii, VI, no. 6. in the last decade of the 18th century. X In Russian. 271. LEECHM^N, Douglas 232. LISIANSKI, Iurii F. 1932 "Aboriginal Paints and Dyes in Canada," 1814 A Voyage Round the World in the Years 1803-6, Proceedings and Transactions of the_Royal London. Society of Canada, Series 3, XXVI, no. 2, Reference to the art of Indians in the vicinity pp. 37-42. of Sitka. Plates of objects collected by Discussion of technical aspects of pigments, Baranoff on the Queen Charlotte Islands, in­ their composition and manufacture among the cluding masks, a copper and a rattle with Northwest Coast Indians as well as other descriptive texts. groups. 283. LIVINGSTON, Farrand 272. 1937 "Native Paints of the Canadian West Coast," 1900 "Basketry Designs of the Salish Indians," Technical Studies, V, April, pp. 202-8. American Museum of Natural History Memoirs, Detailed study and description of pigments, The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, VI, no. 5 . media and equipment used by the Indian Discussion of designs , their meaning, and artists of the Northwest Coast. Photographs sources of Salish Indian baskets. Photographs of brushes, a paint pot, a mask, and some and numerous figures in the text. painted boards. 273. 1942 "The Arts of the Aborigines," Queens Quarte'ly, 284. LOCHER, Gottfried W. XLIX, no. 4, Winter, pp. 353-60. 193 2 The Serpent in Kwakiutl Religion, A Study in General essay with some reference to North­ Primitive Culture, Leyden. west Coast art. No illustrations. A detailed analysis of the various manifestations of the serpent in Kwakiutl religion and art and the relation to its appearance in other parts of the world. Plates showing serpent types in art, mostly representing the Sisiutl form. 17 284a. LOMMEL, Andreas 295. MASON, J. Alden 1967 Shamanism. The Beginnings of art, translated 1960 "Louis Shotridge," Expedition, II, no. 2, from the German by Michael Bullock, New York. Winter, pp. 11-16. A survey of the subject including the Northwest Biography of Shotridge with illustrations of a Coast, and illustrating several objects from few of the pieces he collected for the University European museums. Museum, University of Pennsylvania.

285. LONDON, BERKELEY GALLERIES. 296. MASON, Otis T. 1951 Exhibition of the Art of the American Indians, 1893 "Throwing Sticks from Mexico and California," London. United States National Museum Proceedings, Pamphlet from an exhibition illustrating a XVI, pp. 219-221. number of Northwest Coast objects. Brief description of throwing sticks, sketches of a Tlingit example and a Makah harpoon staff. 286. LONDON, BRITISH MUSEUM. 19 2 5 Handbook to the Ethnographical collections, 297. 1901-2 "Aboriginal American Basketry, " United States pp. 265-74. National Museum Annua] Report. General guide with a short section on the A detailed study of American Indian basketry Northwest Coast collections. with a short section on the Northwest Coast. Illustrated with drawings and photographs of a 287. LOPATIN, Ivan A. group of examples in the United States National 1945 "Social life and Religion of the Indians in Museum. Kitimat, British Columbia," University of Southern California Press Social Science 298. MAYNE, R. C. Series, No. 2 6, Los Angeles. 1862 Four Years in British Columbia and Vancouver Brief mention of the art, a few photographs Island, London. of poles and figures at Kitimat. Account of travels aboard the HMS Plumper. General descriptions of Indian life of Van­ 288. LOUDON, P. couver Island. 1956 "Kwakiutl Totem," Canadian Geographical Journal, LIII, pp. 147-9. 299. MAYOL, L. Description of totem pole at Beacon Hill Park 1943 The Talking Totem Pole, Portland. in Victoria carved by Mungo Martin, David X Martin, and George Hunt. History of^steps in making the pole, significance of figures. 300. McGUIRE, J. D. Photographs of pole, tools used. 1897 'Pipes and Smoking Customs of the American Aborigines," United States National Museum 289. LOWIE, Robert H. Annual Report. 1910 "Notes Concerning New Collections," A detailed study including some drawings and American Museum of Natural History Anthropo­ descriptions of pipes from the Southern North­ logical Papers, IV, pp. 271-307. west Coast in the United States National Discussion of new acquisitions including some Museum collections. Northwest Coast objects. Two Chilkat pattern boards illustrated and discussed, also some 301. McILWRAITH, T. F. photographs of Bella Coola totem poles. 1948 The Bella Coola Indians, 2 volumes, Toronto. A detailed study of Bella Coola society. 290. MACKENZIE, Alexander Illustrated with some field photographs by the 1891 "Descriptive Notes on Certain Implements, author and Harlan I. Smith. Weapons, etc., from Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia," Royal 302. McRAE BROTHERS, LTD. Society, Canada Proceedings and Transactions , nd Totems of Northern British Columbia and Alaska , LX, section 2, pp. 45-59. Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Informative descriptions of the use and X significance of Haida objects collected by Mackenzie during his residence at Masset 303. MEARES, John in the 1870' s and given to the Museum of the 1790 Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789 from Geological Survey. No illustrations. See China to the Northwest Coast of Am erica, also (#103). London. 291. MALASPINA, X 1355 The Voyage Round the World of the Corvettes 304. MENZIES, T. P. O. Descubierta and Atrevida of Capt. Don 1927 "Haida Indian Carving," Art, Historical and Alejandro Malaspina, 1789-94, Madrid. Scientific Association of Vancouver, Art and X Museum Notes, II, no. 1, p. 7. Illustration of a wood carving by Charles 292. MALLERY, G. Edenshaw made from the compass base of the 1888 'Picture Writing of the American Indians," schooner Susan Sturgis. Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report, pp. 44~, 396-407. 305. MILES, Charles Brief discussion of Northwest Coast tattooing 19 63 Indian and Eskimo Artifacts of North America, within the overall study. Chicago. Descriptions and illustrations of objects of 293. MALRAUX, A. American Indian material culture including a 19 5 2 Le Muse'e Imaginaire de la Sculpture Mondiale, number of Northwest Coast examples. Many I, Paris. illustrations . A survey of world sculpture, including illustrations of a few Northwest Coast objects. 30 6. MILLS COLLEGE, THE ART GALLERY 294. MARCHAND, Etienne 1945 Indian Art of the Pacific Northwest Exhibition, 1801 A Voyage Round the World, London. April li- May 11, Oakland. X Mimeographed booklet of an exhibition of objects lent by the Washington State Museum. Introduction by Erna Gunther reprinted from #364. 18 307. MOCHON, Marion J. 319. NEWCOMBE, W. A. 1966 "Masks of the Northwest Coast," Publications 1928 "A Haida or Tsimshian Doll, " Provincial in Primitive Art 2, Milwaukee Public Museum, Museum of British Columbia Annual Report, Milwaukee. Victoria, pp. 10-11. A detailed study of objects collected by Samuel Illustration and brief discussion of two small A. Bartlett from the Kwakiutl and Bella Coola in stone charms, one from the museum's col­ 1915. Iconographic notes by Bartlett are in­ lections, the other in the Tolmie collection. corporated in descriptions. Photographs of each piece. 320. 1929 "Thunderbird and Whale," Victoria Provincial Museum Annual Report , Victoria, pp. 10-11. 308. MONTGOMERY, Charlotte B. Discussion of the thunderbird and whale myth 1949 "Animal Symbolism in Northwest Coast Indian with photographs of two housefronts, a Design," School Arts, September, pp. 24-27. spindlewhorl and a large scale sculpture which Analysis of Northwest Coast designs and illustrate the myth. techniques of abstraction illustrated with ob­ jects in the Portland Art Museum. 321. 1930 "British Columbia Totem Poles," Provincial Museum of British Columbia Annua I Report, 309. 1949 "Ceremonial Masks of the Northwest Coast Victoria, pp. 8-10. Indians," Design, L, no. 8, May, pp. 12 and 24. General discussion of totem poles with good A brief article describing and illustrating four old field photographs of them accompanied by Northwest Coast masks in the Rasmussen col­ descriptive captions. lection at the Portland Art Museum. 322. NEWCOMBE, W. A. and J. A. Teit 310. MONTREAL MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 1914 "List of Illustrations of Specimens of the North­ 1960 Handbook of the Collections. west Coast," Provincial Museum of British Two Northwest Coast objects in the collections Columbia Annual Report, Victoria. illustrated and discussed. Illustrations of various Northwest Coast blankets, masks and totem poles in Provincial Museum 311. MUENSTERBERGER, Werner collections and brief descriptions of them. 1955 Sculpture of Primitive Man, New York. General introduction to primitive art with some 323. NEW YORK, BETTY PARSONS GALLERY photographs of Northwest Coast objects. 1946 Northwest Coast Indian Painting Exhibition, September 30- October 19. 312. MULLER, Werner Pamphlet with a brief introduction by B. B. 1955 "Weltbild und Kult de-- Kwakiutl- Indianer," Newman for an exhibition that included pieces Studien zur Kulturbunde, XV, Weisbaden. from private collections and the American General discussion of Kwakiutl culture, a Museum of Natural History. One photograph of few illustrations of objects. a Chilkat blanket.

313. MURDOCK, George P. 323a. NEW YORK, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 1960 Ethnographic Bibliography of North America, 1968 Early Chinese Art and the Pacific Basin. A_ New Haven. Photographic Exhibition. Exhaustive bibliography arranged by geographic Catalogue for an exhibition in which certain area and tribe. A number of references con­ stylistic parallels are suggested between cerning art studies are included. ancient Chinese Art and the Pacific Basin. Illustrations of various Northwest Coast ob­ 314. MURPHY, Michelle and H. T. Rose jects throughout. 1935 "The First Families of North America," Brooklyn Museum Quarterly, XXII, no. 4, 324. NEW YORK, THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART October, pp. 183-9. 1941 Indian Art of the United States. Brief introduction to North American Indian Catalogue of an American Indian exhibition cultures with a section on the Northwest Coast by Frederick H. Douglas and Rene and photographs of five pieces in the Brooklyn d'Harnoncourt including objects from the Museum collections. Northwest Coast. Well illustrated with detailed captions. 315. NEWCOMBE, Charles F. 1909 Guide to Anthropological Collections in the 325. NEW YORK, THE MUSEUM OF PRIMITIVE ART Provincial Museum of British Columbia, 1967 North American Indian Painting. Victoria. Exhibition catalogue by Norman Feder in­ Brief introduction to the culture of the North­ cluding a section on the Northwest Coast. west Coast with photographs and descriptions Photographs. of over 50 objects in the museum's collections. 326. NIBLACK, A. 316. 1913 "Report on a Trip to the Northwest Coast for 1888-90 "The Coast Indians of Southern Alaska and 1913 with a List of the Specimens Collected," Northern British Columbia," United States Provincial Museum of British Columbia Annual National Museum Annual Report, Washington, Report, Victoria, pp. 23-28. D. C. , pp. 225-386. Account of travels and arrangements for acquiring Extensive study of Tsimshian, Haida and Northwest Coast objects. Illustration of a group Tlingit cultures with numerous illustrations of of Kwakiutl masks and a number of good old objects in the United States National Museum field photographs elsewhere in the report. collections.

317. 1918 "The McGill Totem Pole,' Canadian Field 327. OLSON, Ronald L. Naturalist, XXXII, pp. 99- 103. 1927 Adze, Canoe and House Types of the North­ Brief discussion of history of totem poles and west Coast," University of Washington description of McGill University pole. Publications in Anthropology, II, no. 1, photograph and drawing. Seattle, pp. 1-38. Detailed analysis of the three types. 318. 1922 "The Haida Totem Pole at the Milwaukee Public Descriptions and drawings of adzes used Museum," Milwaukee Public Museum Yearbook, for wood carving. II, pp. 194-200. Description and iconography of Milwaukee totem pole. Two line drawings. 19 328. OLSON, Ronald L. (cont'd) 339, PAUL, Frances 1944 "Spruce Root Basketry of the Tlingit," Publica­ 1929 "The Possible Middle American Origin of tions of the Education Division of the United Northwest Coast Weaving," American States Indian Service, Haskell Institute, Anthropologist, XXXI, pp. 114-121. Lawrence, Kansas. Comparison of various weaving techniques of Detailed study of Tlingit basketry with the Northwest Coast and Middle and South descriptions of designs, methods of manufacture America. No illustrations. and materials. Numerous photographs and 329. 1935 "The Indians of the Northwest Coast," Natural renderings of designs. History, XXXV, no. 3, pp. 183-197. Description of basic features of the culture and 340. PEET, Stephen D. brief mention of the art. A number of field photo­ 1885 "The Growth of Symbolism: Symbolism and the graphs and a few photographs of objects in the Totem System," American Antiquarian, VII, no. 6, American Museum of Natural History collections. pp. 321-49. Study of symbolism in American Indian art with some reference and illustration of Northwest 330. 1954 "The Social Life of the Owikeno Kwakiutl," Coast objects. Anthropological Records, XIV, no. 3 Univer­ sity of California Press, Berkeley. 341. 1893 "Commemorative Columns and Ancestor Worship," Detailed description of a Kwakiutl group American Antiquarian, XV, pp. 261-80. with sections on totem poles, winter cere­ General description of the scope and signifi­ monials and religion which briefly deal with cance of the custom of erecting commemo'ative the art. No illustrations. columns with specific reference to the Northwest Coast. Some drawings and photographs of Haida 331. 1955 "Notes on the Bella Bella Kwakiutl," Anthro­ examples. pological Records, XIV, no. 5, University of California Press, Berkeley. 342. PIJOAN, Jose Short study of this group with some brief 1931 Summa Artis, I, Madrid, pp. 265-308. references to the art. No illustrations. An introductory section on the art of the North­ west Coast with field photographs and photo­ 332. ORCHARD, William C. graphs of objects in European and North American 1926 "A Rare Salish Blanket," Museum of the museums. American Indian Heye Foundation, Leaflet Series No. 5 , New York. 343. PORTLAND, PORTLAND ART MUSEUM Detailed description of an early Salish blanket 1944 "Art of the Pacific Coast Indians," Portland Art in Museum of the American Indian Heye Founda­ Museum Bulletin, V, March. tion collection. Photographs and drawings. Notes on an exhibition that included some North­ west Coast pieces. No illustrations. 333. 1927 "A Chilkat Blanket and a Haida Copper," Museum of the American Indian Heye Founda­ 344. 1947 Indian Art of the Northwest Coast Exhibition, tion Indian Notes, IV, January, pp. 33-40. April 16- June 1. Descriptive notes and illustrations of two A pamphlet for an exhibition of the Rasmussen pieces in the Museum of the American Indian collection. No illustrations. Heye Foundation collections. 345. PORTLOCK, Nathaniel 334. ORR, Rowland B. 1789 A Voyage Round the Wortd, but more Particularly 1916 " New Accessions, " Archaeological Reports, to the North-west Coast of America, Performed 28th Annual Report, To-onto, pp. 93-108. in 1785, 1786, 1787 and 1788, London. Description and photographs of two argillite Some brief discussion of customs and manners totem poles from Vancouver Island in the of inhabitants of Prince William Sound. En­ Provincial Museum, Toronto. gravings of general views, one engraving showing a knife and a comb. 335. OTTAWA, NATIONAL GALLERY OF CANADA 1927 Exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art, Ottawa. 346. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, THE ART MUSEUM Catalogue with description and general dis­ 19 69 The Art of the Northwest Coast. cussion of Northwest Coast pieces borrowed Catalogue for an exhibition of objects from col­ from Canadian collections. No illustrations. lections in the eastern United States. Intro­ duction by Spencer McCallum. Some illustrations. 336. PAALEN, Wolfgang 1943 "Totem Art," Dyn, The Review of Modern Art, 347. RAINEY, Froelich IV, no. 5, Mexico City. 1947 "Masks," Bulletin University Museum, An essay on Northwest Coast art including a Pennsylvania, XIII, no. 1, November. number of valuable illustrations of objects and Handbook on masks in the University Museum, village sites. A few pieces from the Malaspina University of Pennsylvania collection including collection are shown. photographs of four Northwest Coast examples.

337. PARIS, MUSEE DE L'HOMME 348. RALEY, George H. 19 69 Chefs d'oeuvre des Arts Indiens et Esquimaux 1937 A Monograph of the Totem Poles in Stanley du Canada. Park^, Vancouver. An extensive catalogue with texts by William Photographs and iconography of seven of the Taylor, Wilson Duff, Hugh Dempsey and Remi totem poles in Stanley Park, Vancouver. Savard. Numerous illustrations in color and Republished 1945 . black and white of the Indian art of Canada in­ cluding the ancient Eskimo, the Northwest 349. RATNER-SHTERNBERG, S. A. Coast and the Plains. All material was lent Museum Materials on the Tlingits . from Canadian collections. 1926 I. Tlingit Shamanism, VI, pp. 79-114. 1929 II. Ceremonial Objects, VIII, pp. 270-301. 338. PARSONS, Lee A. 1930 III. Arms and Armour, LX, pp. 167-186. 1962 "The Salmon and Cedar People," Lore, XII, no. 2 Sbornik Muzeia Antropologii i Etnografii. pp. 63-68. X In Russian. Brief article describing the Northwest Coast installation and collections at the Milwaukee Public Museum with photographs . 20 350. RAVENHILL, Alice 3 60. ROSS, Edward H. 1938 The Native Tribes of British Columbia, Victoria. 1958 "American Indian Material in the Newark Detailed discussion of Northwest Coast Museum," The Museum N. S. , X, nos. 3,4, cultures with considerable reference to the Summer, Fall. art. Numerous photographs of sites, imple­ Broad survey of the collections with reference ments and objects such as masks, weavings and photographs of a few Northwest Coast and basketry. objects.

351, 1942 "Pacific Coast Art," The Beaver Outfit 273, 361. ROTH, H. Ling September, pp. 4-8. 1923 "American Quillwork: A Possible Clue to its General discussion of monumental carvings, Origin," Man, XXIII, no. 72, pp. 113-6. masks and some design characteristics of Description of a pair of quillwork leggings in Northwest Coast art. Drawings of large the Fuller collection (now in the Field Museum figures, photographs of a totem pole and a of Natural History) thought to be Haida or spinning whorl. Tlingit and comparison with similar technique employed by the Ainu. With drawings. 352. 1944 "A Cornerstone of Canadian Culture," Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial 362. ROY, Claude Museum, No. 5, Victoria. 1957 "Arts Sauvages," Encyclopedie essentielle Descriptions of use and significance of various Serie Art 1, Paris. Northwest Coast objects and designs with a General introduction to primitive art with some number of drawings of objects in the Victoria photographs of Northwest Coast objects. Provincial Museum collections. 363. ST. JOHN, M. 353. READ, Charles H. 1879 "Description of a village of the Hydah Indians 1891 "An Account of a Collection of Ethnological near Skidegate Bay in Graham Island. . . ," Specimens Formed During Vancouver's Voyage in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, the Pacific Ocean 1790-179 5," Royal Anthropo­ VIII, pp. 426-7. logical Institute Journal, No. 21, pp. 99-108. Reprint of an account in 1876 of St. John' s Description of some objects collected by George impression of a Haida village. Description of Hewett on the Vancouver voyage with drawings totem poles. of a few Northwest Coast pieces now in the British Museum. 364. SAN FRANCISCO, GOLDEN INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 19 39 Pacific Cultures . 354. RICKARD, Thomas A. Exhibition catalogue from the San Francisco 1939 "The Use of Iron and Copper by the Indians worlds fair including an article on the Northwest of British Columbia," British Columbia Coast by Erna Gunther. A few illustrations. Historical Quarterly Ill, Vancouver, pp 25-50. History of use of iron and copper among 365. SAPIR, Edward Northwest Coast Indians for decoration and 1939 "Songs for a Comox Dancing Mask," Ethnos, weapons. IV, ii, pp. 49-55. Documentation of the songs, dances and 355. RIDGEWAY, William legends used by the Comox Indians with illustra­ 1906 "Note on the Motives Carved on Some Haida tions of a bear mask in National Museum of Totem Spoons and Pipes," Man, VI, no. 94, Canada collection. pp. 145-8. Analysis of carvings on the handles of three 366. SCHULTZ, Valerie V. spoons and a slate pipe with photographs. 1962 Haida, Bella Coola; Indianische Totemfa'hle in Nordwest-America, Kas sel. 356. RILEY, O. Short introduction to totem pole carving with 1955 Masks and Magic, New York. good color and black and white photographs. Popular account of the various uses and meanings of masks including some Northwest 367. SCHUSTER, Carl Coast examples in the American Museum of 1951 "Joint-Marks: A Possible Index of Cultural Natural History collections. Photographs. Contact Between America, Oceania and the Far East," Me^.^CLV_AXdelnig_^Uujele__en_ 357. RITZENTHALER, Robert E. Physische Antropologie, No. 39, Koninklijk 1950 "Masks of the North American Indian," Lore, Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam. I, no. 4, Milwaukee Public Museum. A diffusionist study of the use of motifs to General study including discussions and indicate the location of joints in the art of descriptions of some Northwest Coast masks the three areas and suggested parallels. in the Milwaukee Public Museum collections. With drawings. Republished in handbook form, 19 59. 368. SCOULER, 358. 1957 "Totem Poles," Lore, VII, no. 1, Milwaukee 1848 "On the Indian Tribes Inhabiting the Northwest Public Museum. Coast of America," Journal of the Ethnological Introduction to significance of totem poles and Society of London, I, pp. 228-2 52. interpretation of designs accompanied by a X number of old photographs, mostly of Alert Bay, British Columbia. Republished in handbook 369. SEATTLE, SEATTLE WORLDS FAIR form, 1961. 1962 Northwest Coast Indian Art. Exhibition catalogue by Erna Gunther including 359. ROCK, Fritz objects from lesser known collections in North 1924 "Altamerikanische Kulturbeziehungen zwischen America and Europe. Detailed introduction, Nord-Mittel und Sudamerika ," Proceedings of the well illustrated, informative captions. 21st International Congress of Americanists, First Part, The Hague. 370. SELER, Eduard A study of some of the style similarities in the 1892 "Die Lichtbringer bei den Indianer- stammen der art of the Americas with emphasis on the double Nordwestkuste, " Globus, LXI, Braunschweig, headed serpent. Illustrated. pp. 195-8; 212-16; 230-5; 243-6. Studies in Northwest Coast iconography relating to various objects in the Jacobsen Collection, Berlin. Numerous drawings. 21 371, SELIGMANN, Kurt 383. SHOTRIDGE, Louis and F. Shotridge 1939 "Le mat-totem de Gedern-Skamsh ," Journal de 1913 "The Indians of the Northwest," University of la Societie/des Americanistes, XXXI, pp. 121-28. Pennsylvania Museum Journal, IV, no. 2, pp. Description and illustration of a totem pole and 71-99. its history in the Musee de 1'Homme collection. Introduction to Northwest Coast Indian life See also (#81). illustrated with field photographs.

372. SETON-KARR, H. W. 384. SLOAN, John and O. La Farge 1887 Shores and Alps of Alaska, London. 1931 Introduction to American Indian Art, I, II, Account of travels through the Northwest Coast Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts, New York. made by the author on an expedition sponsored A collection of essays on North American by the New Yo'k Times. Some early photographs Indian art with a number of illustrations of of totem poles and Tlingit masks. Northwest Coast objects used in different contexts. See also (#170 , #439). 373. SHADBOLT, Doris 1947 "Our Relation to Primitive Art," Canadian Art, 385. SMITH, Charles W. V, no. 1, Autumn, Ottawa, pp. 14-16. 19 21 _Pacific Northwest Americana, A Checklist of An article describing primitive art forms of Books and Pamphlets Relating to the History British Columbia with illustrations of an of the Pacific Northwest, New York. argillite carving and a Haida and Tsimshian Bibliography including references to North­ mask. west Coast art. Revised and enlarged by Isabel Mayhew, 1950, Oregon Historical 374. SHOTRIDGE, Louis Society. 19 19 "A Visit to the Tsimshian Indians," University of Pennsylvania Museum Journal, X, nos. 1,2, 386. SMITH, Dorothy A. and L. Spier 3, pp. 49-67; 117-148. 1927 "The Dot and Circle Design in Northwestern Account of a trip to the Northwest Coast America , " Societes des Americanistes de accompanied with field photographs. Paris Journal, No. 19, pp. 47-55. Study of the occurrence of this design in­ 375. 1919 "Keyt-Gooche 'Killer Whale's Dorsal Fin' ," cluding its appearance on*the Northwest Coast. University of Pennsylvania Museum Journal, X, no. 4, pp. 213-216. 387. SMITH, Harlan I. Description and illustration of a pair of Tlingit 1899 "Stone Hammers or Pestles of the Northwest dance batons in the University Museum, Coast of America , " American Anthropologist, University of Pennsylvania collection. I, pp. 363-8. Descriptions of various forms of hammers and 376. 1919 "War Helmets and Clan Hats of the Tlingit pestles with outline drawings of examples in Indians , " University of Pennsylvania Museum the American Museum of Natural History Journal, X, no. 1, pp. 43-48. collection. Descriptions and illustrations of various Tlingit crests in University Museum, University of 388. 1910 "A Visit to the Indian Tribes of the Northwest Pennsylvania collections. Coast," Journal, American Museum of Natural History, X, pp. 31-42. 377. 1920 "Ghost of Courageous Adventurer," University Some interesting field photographs of graves, of Pennsylvania Museum Journal, XI, no. 1, totem poles, villages, etc. , but no significant pp. 10-26. discussion of the art. Illustration and detailed account of the history of an old Tlingit knife in the University Museum, 389. 19 10 "Canoes of the North Pacific Coast Indians ," University of Pennsylvania collections. Journal, American Museum of Natural History, X, pp. 243-5. 378. 1921 "Tlingit Woman's Root Basket," University of Some discussion of canoe types with brief Pennsylvania Museum Journal, XII, no. 3, reference to their decoration. Photographs of pp. 162-178. a Chinook and Kwakiutl canoe. Discussion of history, techniques and signifi­ cance of Tlingit basketmaking illustrated with 390. 1911 "Totem Poles of the North Pacific Coast," examples in the University Museum, University Journal, American Museum of Natural History, of Pennsylvania collections. XI, pp. 77-82. General discussion of totem poles. Some 379. 1922 "L3nd Otter-Man," University of Pennsylvania field photographs. Museum Journal, XIII, no. 1, pp. 5 5-9. Brief history of a Tlingit canoe prow ornament 391, 1923 "An Album of Prehistoric Canadian Art," in the University Museum, University of Victoria Museum Memoirs, Series 8, Canadian Pennsylvania collections. Illustration. Department of Mines, Bulletin 37, Ottawa. Album of Canadian Indian art illustrated by 380. 1928 "Emblems of the Tlingit Culture," University line drawings of a number of specimens from of Pennsylvania Museum Journal, XLX, no. 4 , various museums. A great number and variety pp. 350-377. of Northwest Coast stone and whalebone Shotridge writes about some of the pieces he carvings are included. collected for the University Museum, Univer­ sity of Pennsylvania. Well illustrated. 392. SMITH, Marian W. and H. J. Gowers 1952 "Basketry Design and the Columbia Valley Art 381. 1929 "The Bride of Tongass - a Study of the Tlingit Style, " Southwestern Journal of Anthropology , XIII, Marriage Ceremony," University of Pennsylvania pp. 336-41. Museum Journal, XIX, no. 3, pp. 130-156. Description and design analysis of a twined Detailed description of the marriage ceremony basket in the British Museum with photograph with a number of field photographs showing and design. abandoned village and burial sites. 393. SMITH, Marian W. and D. Leadbeater 382. 1929 "The Kaguanton Shark Helmet," University of 1949 "Salish Coiled Baskets," Indians of the Urban Pennsylvania Museum Journal, XX, pp. 339-43. Northwest, New York, pp. 111-131. Historical significance of a Tlingit helmet Discussion and analysis of design motifs on headpiece in the University Museum, University Salish baskets with illustrations and charts of Pennsylvania collections. Illustrated. concerning the use of various motifs. 22 394. SPROAT, Gilbert M. 405. THEVENIN, Rene and P. Coze 1867 "The West Coast Indians of Vancouver Island," 1928 Moers et Histoire des Indiens Peaux-Rouges, Transactions of the Ethnological Society of Paris. London , V. chapter XXV, pp. 243-54. Very general reference to the Northwest Coast General discussion of Vancouver Indian cultures with some photographs and sketches of totem on the west coast of the Island, particularly poles and masks. Nootka and Nitinaht. Brief reference to woodcarving and tools. 406. THORNTON, Mildred V. 1949 "Indian Native Art," Museum and Art Notes, 395. 1868 Scenes and Studies of Savage Life, London. Second Series, I, no. 1, Art, Historical and X Library of Congress . Scientific Association of Vancouver, pp. 22-24. 396. STRONG, William Duncan General comments on the state of modern North­ west Coast art with an illustration of a slate box 1945 "The Occurrence and Wider Implications of a by Charlie Edensaw. 'Ghost Cult' on the Columbia River Suggested by Carvings in Wood, Bone and Stone," 407. TORONTO, ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM American Anthropologist, XLVII, pp. 244-61. 1959 Masks, the Many Faces of Man, Toronto. Description of two wood posts collected by Exhibition catalogue of masks from around the Henry J. Biddle, their significance and relation­ world. A number of Northwest Coast examples ship to other examples. With photographs. from the collections of the Royal Ontario Museum and the National Museum of Canada are illustrated. 397. STUREL, Francois 1949 "L'appartement d'un Collectionneur, " Art et 408. TSCHOPIK, Harry S. , Jr. Decoration, XIV, pp. 38-40. 1952 "Indians of North America American Museum of Brief article with photographs showing the Natural History Science Guide No 136. apartment of a Parisian private collection of Introduction to American Indian cultures with a Northwest Coast art. brief chapter on the Northwest Coast. Photographs of Tlingit objects in the American Museum of 398. SWAN, James G. Natural History collections . 1870 "The Indians of Cape Flattery," Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 16, article 8, 409. TYLOR, Edward B. Washington, D. C. , pp. 1-92. 1898 "On the Totem Post from the Haida Village of Detailed description of customs and society of Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, now...near Makah Indians with reference to art and numerous Weybridge," Royal Anthropological Institute illustrations of ornaments, utensils, masks, etc. Journal, XXVIII, pp. 13 3--. Short description with photograph. 399. :s~6 "The Haidah Indians of Queen Charlotte's Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No.21, 410. 1898 "On Two British Columbia Houseposts with article 4, Washington, D. C. , pp. 1-18. Totemic Carvings in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Discussion of Haida canoes, slate carvings, Oxford," Royal Anthropological Institute Journal, tattooing, and monumental carvings with seven XXVIII, pp. 136-7. plates of sculptures and designs. Short description with photograph.

400. SWANTON, John R. 411. :9:: "Note on the Haida Totem-Posts Lately Erected 1905 "The Haida of Queen Charlotte Island, " American in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford," Man, FI, Museum of Natural History, Memoirs 5 , part 1, pp. 1-3. Jesup Expedition. Short description with photographs. An important source for Haida art with particular reference to the representations of mythology in 412. UNDERHILL, Ruth art. Numerous field photographs and photographs 1960 Indians of the Pacific North West, Washington, of Haida objects in the American Museum of D. C. Natural History collections. A detailed study of the ethnography of the coast 401. 1905 "Explanation of theSeattle Totem Pole," American tribes of Washington State. Some reference to Folklore Society Journal, XVIII, pp. 108-110. the art. Numerous photographs. Interpretation of the symbolism of the Seattle pole with the help of information supplied by 413. UNITED STATES INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD George Hunt. One illustration. 1939 Indian Art in the United States and Alaska. A Pictorial Record of the Indian exhibition at the Golden Gate International Exhibition. 402. 1908 "Social Conditions, Beliefs and Linguistic University of Michigan microfilms, Ann Arbor. Relationships of the Tlingit Indians," Bureau A photographic record of the exhibition with a of American Ethnology, Annual Report for number of Northwest Coast pieces included. 1904, 5, No. 26, Washington, D. C. Installation photographs and introductory texts. Detailed study of Tlingit history, customs and See also (*324). ethnology. Some reference to significant clan emblems and shamans with illustrations of 414. VAILLANT, George C. crest hats and masks in United States National 19 39 Indian Arts in North America, New York. Museum collection. Also, a group of drawings General introduction with some photographs of of facial painting patterns with explanation of Northwest Coast objects in the American Museum design meaning. of Natural History collections.

403. 1912 Totem, Washington, D. C. X 415. VANCOUVER, George 1798 A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific 404. 1934 "The Haidas of British Columbia," Our Primitive Ocean and Round the World, I, London, Contemporaries, Murdock, G. P. (ed) New pp. 345-496. York, pp 221-263. Some brief general descriptions of houses on Detailed cultural history of Haida drawn from Vancouver Island and among the Nootka. Swanton's earlier study (#400). Mention of Little actual reference to the art. decorative art , monumental carvings , basketry, weaving, etc. Photographs of objects and sites.

23 416. VANCOUVER, VANCOUVER ART GALLERY 427. 1922-3 "Observations Among the Ancient Indian 1967 Arts of the Raven, Catalogue 426, Vancouver. Monuments of Southeastern Alaska , " An exhibition catalogue by Wilson Duff, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Bill Holm and Bill Reid with many good LXXIV, Washington, D. C. , pp. 115-33. illustrations in color and black and white of General history of totem pole use and objects from Canadian collections. With significance. Description of important informative articles by the three authors. animal iconography and degeneration of art in recent times. In situ photographs. 417. VANCOUVER, VANCOUVER ART GALLERY AND UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 428. 1923 "Some Conundrums in Northwest Coast Art," 1956 People of the Potlatch. American Anthropologist, XXV, pp. 435-451. Exhibition catalogue of Northwest Coast art Four part article discussing shark symbolism by Audrey Hawthorne with a general intro­ in the art, types of house construction, some duction and numerous illustrations of objects traditions of totem pole carving and a theory from Canadian collections. concerning the origin of the shape of coppers. Illustrated with drawings and photographs. 418. VOLKOV, F. K. and S. I. Rudenko 1910 Ethnographic Collections from the Former 429. 1930 "The Paraphernalia of the Duwamish Spirit Russian-American Possessions. St. Petersburg. Canoe Ceremony," Museum of the American X Indian Heye Foundation Indian Notes, VII, April, July, October, pp. 129-148; 29 5-312; 419. VON SYDOW, Eckart 535-561. 1923 "Die Kunst der Naturvolker und der Vorzeit," Detailed descriptions of the canoe ceremony Propylaen-Kunstgeschichte, I, Berlin, of the Duwamish with emphasis on the use of pp. 290-315. the canoe boards. A general introduction to primitive art including some photographs of Northwest Coast pieces in 430. WATKINS, Francis E. the Jacobsen collection at the Museum fiir 1938 "The Homer E. Sargent Collections," Masterkey, Volkerkunde, Berlin. XII, no. 6, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, pp. 218-221. 420. WAITE, Deborah Brief description of a collection of Northwest 1966 "Kwakiutl Transformation Masks," The Many Coast baskets in the Southwest Museum and Faces of Primitive Art, by Douglas Fraser, illustration of a Haida potlatch hat. Englewood, New Jersey, pp. 264-300. Study of the use, significance and relationships 431. 1938 "Four Haida House-Posts," Masterkey, XII, of Kwakiutl moveable masks with illustrations Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, pp. 107-9. of a number of such masks in various collections. Brief history of carved house posts from Kasaan village, now in the Southwest Museum. Not 421, WARDLE, H. Newell illustrated. 1912 "Certain Rare West Coast Baskets, " American Anthropologist, XTV, pp. 287-313. 432. 1939 "Potlatches and a Haida Potlatch Hat," Study of a number of Northwest Coast baskets Masterkey, XIII, Southwest Museum, Los from the standpoint of design and weaving in Angeles , pp. 11-17. the collection of the Academy of Natural General discussion of the potlatch ceremony, Sciences, Philadelphia. With illustration. description of a Haida spruce hat and illustra­ tions of a Haida house and totem pole in the 422. WARDWELL, Allen Southwest Museum collection. 1965 "Northwest Coast Miniatures," Lore, XVI, no. 1, Winter, Milwaukee Public Museum, 433. WEATHERBY, H. pp. 23-27. 1944 Tales the Totems Tell, Toronto. Description and illustration of some of the small scale objects in the Milwaukee Public Museum collection. 434. WHERRY, Joseph H. 1964 The Totem Pole Indians, New York. 423. 19 68 "Small scale carvings from the Northwest Popular account with field photographs and Coast," Auction, II, no. 1, pp. 13-15. photographs of some Northwest Coast objects Article based on Wardwell's Milwaukee in the Robert Lowie Museum. publication (#422) illustrating a different group of objects. 434a. 1969 Indian Masks and Myths of the West, New York. 424. 1969 "The Partial Rediscovery of a Northwest Coast Collection of myths including many Monument," Curator, XII, no. 3, pp. 168-173. from the Northwest Coast. Numerous Account of the identification of a Haida gable photographs by the author of lesser ornament mask in the Field Museum of Natural known masks in Canadian and United History collections through comparison to an States collections. early photograph by Maynard of Captain Gold's 435. WICKERSHAM, James house at Skidegate. 1896 "Some North-west Burial Customs," American Antiquarian, XVIII, pp. 204-6. 425. WASHINGTON, D. C, TEXTILE MUSEUM Discussion of types of burial practiced on the 1965 Textiles of the Northwest Coast Indians Northwest Coast with a description of a so- Exhibition, May 25- September 30. called mortuary painting found at Neah Bay. Checklist for an exhibition consisting mostly of examples in the Textile Museum collections. 436. WILLETT, Frank Mimeographed. No illustrations. 1961 "A Set of Gambling Pegs from the Northwest Coast of America , " Man, LXI, pp. 8-10. 426. WATERMAN, Thomas T. Detailed description of a set of twenty-eight 1920 "The Whaling Equipment of the Makah Indians,' carved and painted pegs in the Manchester University of Washington Publications in Museum with a photograph, line drawings and Anthropology, I, Seattle, pp. 1-67. analysis of the designs. Detailed descriptions of manufacture and ornamentation of the Chinook whaling canoe with photographs and drawings of its construction. 24 437. WILLOUGHBY, Charles C. 447. WITTHOFT, John and F. Eyman 1903 "Hats from the Nutka Sound Region, American 1969 "Metallurgy of the Tlingit, Dene and Eskimo," Naturalist, XXXVII, Boston, pp. 65- Expedition, Spring, pp. 12-23. Description of woven hats of Nootka, how they A careful analysis of Tlingit copper and steel were made and their designs. Detailed drawings implements with reference to trading and the of weaving, photographs of four examples. identification of native copper as opposed to European trade goods. Black and white 4<5. 1910 "A New Type of Ceremonial Blanket from the photographs of Tlingit knives, rattles, Northwest Coast," American Anthropologist, masks, etc. XII, pp. 1-10. Descriptions and illustrations of an early 448. WOLDT, A. blanket in the Peabody Museum Harvard Univer­ 1884 Captain Jacobsens Reise an der Nordwestkuste sity collection and its relationship to other Americas 1881- 1883, Leipzig. known examples . Detailed account of the Jacobsen voyage which was made specifically to collect Northwest Coast and Alaskan specimens for the Koniglichen 439. 1931 "Indian Masks, " Introduction to American Indian Art by John Sloan and Oliver La Farge, II, Museum in Berlin. Extensive discussion of the Article 8. art and numerous engravings of Indian life and Brief study of the use and significance of Indian objects collected on the voyage. masks with illustrations of some Northwest Coast examples. 449. WOODCOCK, George 1953-54 "The Coast Indians of British Columbia," Geo­ 440. WINGERT, Paul S. graphical Magazine, XXVI, pp. 368-81. 1940 American Indian Sculpture: A Study of the Brief discussion of Northwest Coast art with Northwest Coast, New York. reference to the decline now evident. Numerous Careful study of some of the southern North­ photographs of Skidegate, Alert Bay, Hamatsa west Coast carving styles, particularly those dances in progress and various objects. from the Salish groups. Well illustrated. 450. 1954 "Masks of the Pacific Northwest Indians," 441. 1949 "Coast Salish Painting," Indians of the Urban Burlington Magazine, XCVI, April, pp. 109-113. Northwest by Martan W. Smith (ed), New York, Good general discussion of manufacture and pp. 77-91. significance of Northwest Coast masks. Photo­ Description and illustration of power boards graphs of seven examples in the Victoria Pro­ and figures of the Salish. Photographs. vincial Museum collection.

442. 1950 "Tsimshian Sculpture," The Tsimshian, Their 451. 1959 "Arts of the Pacific Northwest," Arts, XXXIII, Arts and Music by Viola Garfield, New York. no. 6, March, New York, pp. 39-45. Detailed study in which an attempt is made to Basic introduction with some photographs of describe various stylistic differences within objects in the Victoria Provincial Museum and the art styles of the various Northwest Coast some photographs of monumental carvings in groups. Some illustrations. See also (#174). British Columbia.

442a. 1962 Primitive Art Its Traditions and Styles, 452. ZEH, L. E. New York. 1912 "Grotesque Indian Masks," Southern Workman, Broad introduction with emphasis on Africa and XLI, Normal and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Oceania, but with a short section on the North­ Virginia, pp. 473-7. west Coast. A few illustrations. X Said to include photographs of Kwakiutl specimens. A copy exists in the Yale Univer­ 443. WINTEMBERG, William J. sity Divinity School Library. 1928 "Representations of the Thunderbird in Indian Art," Archaeological Reports , 36th Annual Re­ port, Toronto, pp. 27-37. General study with brief reference to Northwest Coast designs. Some illustrations of painted and tattooed designs.

444. WISSLER, Clark 1928 "The Lore of the Demon Mask," Natural History, XXVIII, no. 4, pp. 339-352. General description of the use of masks among primitive peoples with reference to the North­ west Coast. Illustrations of a number of masks in American Museum of Natural History collections.

445. 1931 The American Indian, London. A general introduction to American Indian cultures with relevant section on Northwest Coast art, religion and society. 446. WISSLER, Clark (cont'd) 1936 "Masks,' American Museum of Natural History Guide Leaflet Series, No. 96, New York. A general catalogue including some North­ west Coast objects. Photographs.

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