ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682658 Treatment Induced Cytotoxic T-Cell Modulation in Multiple Myeloma Patients Gregorio Barilà, Laura Pavan, Susanna Vedovato, Tamara Berno, Mariella Lo Schirico, Massimiliano Arangio Febbo, Antonella Teramo, Giulia Calabretto, Cristina Vicenzetto, Vanessa Rebecca Gasparini, Anna Fregnani, Sabrina Manni, Valentina Trimarco, Samuela Carraro, Monica Facco, Francesco Piazza, Gianpietro Semenzato and Renato Zambello* Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Padua University School of Medicine, Edited by: Padova, Italy Roberto Mina, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy Reviewed by: The biology of plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) involves both genetic and immune-related Mattia D’ Agostino, factors. Since genetic lesions are necessary but not sufficient for Multiple Myeloma (MM) University of Turin, Italy evolution, several authors hypothesized that immune dysfunction involving both B and T Michele Cea, University of Genoa, Italy cell counterparts plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study *Correspondence: is to evaluate the impact of cornerstone treatments for Multiple Myeloma into immune Renato Zambello system shaping. A large series of 976 bone marrow samples from 735 patients affected by
[email protected] PCD was studied by flow analysis to identify discrete immune subsets. Treated MM Specialty section: samples displayed a reduction of CD4+ cells (p<0.0001) and an increase of CD8+ This article was submitted to (p<0.0001), CD8+/DR+ (p<0.0001) and CD3+/CD57+ (p<0.0001) cells. Although these Hematologic Malignancies, findings were to some extent demonstrated also following bortezomib treatment, a more a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology pronounced cytotoxic polarization was shown after exposure to autologous stem cell Received: 18 March 2021 transplantation (ASCT) and Lenalidomide (Len) treatment.