DOCSLIB.ORG

Population and Distribution of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix Javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) in Designated Area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population and Distribution of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix Javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) in Designated Area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 3, March 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 762-769 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200321 Population and distribution of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) in designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia IRINA A. MUSTIKASARI1,2, SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH1,2,3,, ERRI N. MEGANTARA1,2,3, TEGUH HUSODO1,2,3, PARIKESIT1,2,3 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia. Tel. +62-22-7796412 ext. 104, Fax. +62-22-7795545. email: [email protected] 2Center for Environment & Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Sekeloa Selatan I, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia 3Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Dipati Ukur No. 35, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia Manuscript received: 20 December 2018. Revision accepted: 24 February 2019. Abstract. Mustikasari IA, Withaningsih S, Megantara EN, Husodo T, Parikesit. 2019. Population and distribution of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) at designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 762-769. One of the endemic species of Indonesia is the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Sunda porcupine is a big rodent which has unique defense mechanism behavior using its quills. This research was conducted in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower (PLTA Cisokan), in West Java, Indonesia. The method in this study is qualitative to determine the total population and distribution. Data collection techniques were carried out by sign surveys (burrow, footprints, quills, food sites, and feces), camera traps, and semi- structured interviews. The result shows the number of porcupine populations in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower is 6-29 individuals. Porcupine population is distributed in five regions, namely the first region consisting of Pasir Gagak, Cigintung, Batu Sahulu and Batu Nunggul; the second region is Batu Tumpeng and Batu Wulung; the third region is Curug Japarana; the fourth region consists of Sarongge and Cadas Gantung; and the fifth region is Pongpok. Based on the type of land cover, the porcupine population is commonly found in the types of shrub/huma /ladang, talun, and natural forests. Keywords: Designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, distribution, Hystrix javanica, population INTRODUCTION porcupine increases. Besides porcupine quills are used for decorative and aesthetic elements (Inayah 2016). Indonesia is known to be rich in native Indonesian Considering to high value of porcupine, market demand fauna and to be the second country with the highest of porcupine definitely increases. In South Africa, the endemic species (Whitten et al. 2004; Mittermeier et al. highest part of porcupine body trade is on quill. They 2005). One of the endemic species of Indonesia is the exported porcupine quill overseas (Chevallier and Ashton Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) which can be found in 2006). In Malaysia, porcupine meat was popular as an Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Lombok, Madura, and alternative meat product in the domestic market. Half of Tonahdjampea (Van Weers 1979, 1983). Sunda porcupine Malaysian Urban Consumers acknowledged that porcupine is one of the unique mammals whose half part of the body meat can be eaten (halal) and has high nutritional values is covered with quills used as self-defense. Sunda (Norsuhana et al. 2012). In Singapore, bezoars of porcupine’s body is covered by a thousand quills with porcupine are the most popular and it can be one of the variations in size, shape, and color. The quills can be main causes of overhunting (Chung et al. 2016). As market differentiated into 4 types: quills, true quills, transitional demand on porcupine meat and its savor increases, hunting, quills, and rattle quills (Barthelmess 2006). Sunda and trade of them will continue to increase too. porcupine has blackish to dark brown body color. Long The high level of hunting and trade of these animals can quills are commonly white with black lines and short quills be the largest factor of population decline (Miller-Gulland are generally black to dark brown (Payne et al. 1985). and Bennett 2003; Borschberg 2006). In addition, habitat Porcupine is protected by Environmental and Forestry loss, fragmentation, and land use modification also can Minister Regulation No P.20 of 2018. Based on the IUCN contribute to decrease in porcupine numbers (Corlett 1992; red list, Sunda porcupine belongs to the category of Least Brook et al. 2003). Some efforts need to be done are to Concern or is not particularly concerned about its status. increase the porcupine livestock for fulfilling the demand Despite their protected status, the hunt and trade of these of porcupine trade market (Inayah 2016). Considering the animals continue to occur. Local people consider it as high value of porcupine, not only to increase the porcupine traditional medicine that can eliminate various diseases livestock, but the efforts to keep their increasing numbers such as asthma and its meat is nutritious and is considered in wildlife and improve the captive breeding are also healthier than beef. In recent year, the utilization of necessary to be done. The reason is that the meat from MUSTIKASARI et al. – Hystrix javanica at designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, Indonesia 763 wildlife porcupine is cheaper than that from livestock MATERIALS AND METHODS porcupine (Brook et al. 2010). Research about Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is This research was conducted in the designated area of still small in number. As endemic species of Java, its Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia in February to existence will continue to decrease with increasing human April 2017. The method in this study is qualitative to density in Java. The high density of human resulted in the determine the total population and distribution. Data deforestation of forest which is the natural habitat of Sunda collection techniques were carried out by sign surveys with porcupine. Now, only 1.1 million hectares of forest remain explorations (burrow, footprints, quills, food sites, and on Java (Prasetyo et al. 2009). One of the known locations feces), camera traps, and semi-structured interviews. Data of Sunda porcupine habitat is designated area of Cisokan collection of sign surveys includes footprints, quills, Hydropower (PLTA Cisokan) which is located in border feeding sites, and burrows. The signs were measured, area between West Bandung and Cianjur districts, West captured, and tagged using GPS. The burrow was identified Java Province, Indonesia. This location provides various based on signs such as footprints, quills, and feeding sites. types of ecosystems, such as natural forests, riparians, This shows that the burrow is still used by porcupines. shrubs, production forests, taluns, gardens and huma or Camera traps are installed at some point that is paddy fields. Therefore, research on the population of considered potential. The camera traps are 17 units and Sunda porcupine species in the designated area of Cisokan installed in 20 different locations. Camera trap installation Hydropower is needed and it is expected that this place can is performed alternately to represent all locations. Total be considered as the conservation location of Sunda install time at each location is different with the shortest porcupine. time span of 11 days and the longest time span of 35 days. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data on the characteristics, presence, distribution, and disturbance of porcupine. Figure 1. Map of research locations in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia 764 BIODIVERSITAS 20 (3): 762-769, March 2019 Estimated number of individuals is based on the results burrows; they use fore-claws to dig the earth to make the of camera trap recording and signs such as active burrow, burrows more secure and comfortable. The burrow is up to scratches, quills and the measurements of footprints which 20 m deep. The entrance hole of the burrow is generally are quite clearly visible. Estimation of the number of more than one, can be 2-4 holes, are equipped with tunnel individuals is done with the assumption that the sign and and each ending has enlarged chamber (Greaves and Khan camera trap recording results are still within the range area 1978). The burrows found in the designated area of of a porcupine, it means that the sign are considered from Cisokan Hydropower are 18. Four of them have many the same individual, as it is known that porcupines have a holes in various sizes from 16cm x 16cm to 100cm x 65 cm range of 5-30 ha (PLN 2014). Camera trap data results are (Figure 2), but the depth is only 3 m. identified based on meeting time, morphology, location and Porcupine burrows which are still active to use are eight direction of movement. Determination of the number of burrows. Active burrows can be marked by the presence of individual porcupines through the sign in the form of an footprints, feces, scratches, or quills around the burrow. active burrow is carried out assuming that the active This active burrow was used for estimating the population. burrow can be inhabited by 1-4 individual porcupines. Ground burrows type was found mostly active. These were Porcupine of the Hystricidae family generally live solitary, built by some rock on the top of the hole. Generally, in this so the porcupine will be with one another during the study area, the burrows were fully covered by roots and breeding and breeding season, and the number of children shrubs. So, the light of sun couldn’t shine on them directly, per child is about 1-3 (Van Aarde 1985; Olsen and Lewis so, some locations are at wet condition. The soil around the 1999). So in one burrow, it might be filled by four burrow was solid and clear too. porcupines. Signs found in less than five are footprints, feces, quills The distribution data is presented in the form of a map, and scratch.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hystrix Africaeaustralis)
    Reproduction in captive female Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) R. J. van Aarde Mammal Research Institute, University ofPretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Summary. Captive females attained sexual maturity at an age of 9\p=n-\16months and con- ceived for the first time when 10\p=n-\25months old. Adult females were polyoestrous but did not cycle while lactating or when isolated from males. The length of the cycle varied from 17 to 42 days (mean \m=+-\s.d. 31\m=.\2\m=+-\6\m=.\5days; n = 43) and females experienced 3\p=n-\7 sterile cycles before conceiving. Pregnancy lasted for 93\p=n-\94days (93\m=.\5\m=+-\0\m=.\6days; N = 4) and litter intervals varied from 296 to 500 days (385 \m=+-\60\m=.\4;n = 10). Litter size varied from 1 to 3 (1\m=.\5\m=+-\0\m=.\66;n = 165) and the well-developed precocial young weighed 300\p=n-\400g (351 \m=+-\47\m=.\4g; n= 19) at birth. Captive females reproduced throughout the year with most litters (78\m=.\7%;n = 165) being produced between August and March. Introduction Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) inhabit tropical forests, woodlands, grassland savannas, semi-arid and arid environments throughout southern Africa. Despite this widespread distribution little attention has been given to these nocturnal, Old World hystricomorph rodents, which shelter and breed in subterranean burrows, rock crevices and caves. Some information on reproduction in female porcupines has been published on the crested porcupine (H. cristata) (Weir, 1967), the Himalayan porcupine (H. hodgsoni) (Gosling, 1980) and the Indian porcupine (H.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report for the Year 2017-18
    NAGALAND ZOOLOGICAL PARK, RANGAPAHAR DIMAPUR NAGALAND Annual Report for the year 2017-18 CONTENTS Page Sl.No Section Number 1. Report of the Officer-in-Charge 4 2. History of the Zoo 6 3. Vision 6 4. Mission 6 5. Objective 7 6. About us 8 7. Organizational Chart 10 8. Human Resources 11 9. Capacity Building of the zoo personnel 13 10. Zoo Advisory Committee 14 11. Health Advisory Committee 14 12. Statement of income and expenditure of the Zoo 15 13. Daily Feed Schedule of animals 16 14. Vaccination Schedule of animals 20 2 15. De-worming schedule of animals 20 16. Disinfection Schedule 20 17. Health Check-up of employees for Zoonotic diseases 21 18. Development Works carried out in the zoo during the year 22 19. Education and Awareness programmes during the year 23 20. Important Events and happenings in the zoo 24 21. Seasonal special arrangements for upkeep of animals 26 22. Research work carried out and publications 27 23. Conservation Breeding Programme of the Zoo 27 24. Animal acquisition/transfer/exchange during the year 27 25. Rescue and Rehabilitation of the wild animals carried out by the zoo 28 26. Annual Inventory of animals 29 27. Mortality of animals 31 Status of the Compliance with conditions stipulated by the Central Zoo 28. 32 Authority 29. List of free living wild animals within the zoo premises 33 3 1. Report of the Officer-in-Charge The Nagaland Zoological Park is located at about 8 km from the commercial city of Dimapur in the state of Nagaland with total area of 176 Hectares.
    [Show full text]
  • Inf26erev 2011 Code of Conduct Zoos+Aquaria IAS FINAL
    Strasbourg, 8 October 2012 T-PVS/Inf (2011) 26 revised [Inf26erev_2011.doc] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 32nd meeting Strasbourg, 27-30 November 2012 __________ EUROPEAN CODE OF CONDUCT ON ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS AND AQUARIA AND INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES Code, rationale and supporting information - FINAL VERSION – (October 2012) Report prepared by Mr Riccardo Scalera, Mr Piero Genovesi, Mr Danny de man, Mr Bjarne Klausen, Ms Lesley Dickie This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf (2011) 26 rev. - 2 – INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Why a Code of Conduct ? ......................................................................................................4 2. SCOPE AND AIM ..........................................................................................................................6 3. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................7 3.1 The History of Zoological Gardens and Aquaria.....................................................................7 3.2 Zoological Gardens and Aquaria as pathways for IAS............................................................7 3.2.1 IAS originating from zoological gardens and aquaria ....................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix Cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) Skull Morphometric Geographic Variability in Africa
    Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 36 (2021): a001 https://doi.org/10.21426/B636051379 Out of Europe: Investigating Hystrix cristata (Rodentia: Hystricidae) skull morphometric geographic variability in Africa FRANCESCO M. ANGELICI1*, PAOLO COLANGELO2, SPARTACO GIPPOLITI3 1 FIZV, Via Marco Aurelio 2, I-00184 Rome (Italy) 2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR-IRET, Via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Montelibretti, Rome (Italy) 3 Società Italiana per la Storia della Fauna ‘Giuseppe Altobello’, Viale Liegi 48, I-00198 Rome (Italy) * corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Crested porcupine, geographic variability, Hystrix cristata senegalica, Hystrix cristata galeata, North-East Africa, taxonomy. SUMMARY The crested porcupine Hystrix cristata is one of the most well-known members of the Family Hystricidae, yet very little is known regarding its geographic variability in Africa. Two alternative hypotheses exist; pre-1940s classical taxonomy supported the existence of a distinct Eastern African species, Hystrix galeata, whereas recent molecular data seem to support only a North-South separation inside one single species, with the geographic-ecological barrier represented by the Sahara desert. Our morphometric data support the recognition of Hystrix cristata senegalica Cuvier, 1822 as the sub- Saharan representative of the species with a clear morphological difference between the North African and sub-Saharan crested porcupines, which seem re-conductible mostly to size difference. Within H. c. senegalica, our analysis seems to support a weak separation between the West African and the East African samples. Owing to considerable qualitative skull differences and overlooked molecular data, the taxonomic status of H. galeata remains uncertain as well as the status of porcupines of North-East Africa (Nubia).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article the Placenta Anatomy of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix Javanica)
    Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Article The Placenta Anatomy of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) TEGUH BUDIPITOJO*, SITI SHOFIYAH, DIAN BEKTI HADI MASITHOH, LINDA MIFTAKHUL KHASANAH, IRMA PADETA Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Abstract | Sunda porcupines (Hystrix javanica) belongs to the Order of Rodentia is an endemic animal of Indonesia. The aims of this study are to determine the types and histological structure of Sunda porcupine placenta. Data regarding the type and histological structure of Sunda porcupines’ placental organs can be used to support the conservation of Sunda porcupines. This research used two samples of placenta Sunda Porcupine from Ngawi, East Java. Placenta were fixed in Bouin’s solution for 24 hours. Tissues were processed by using paraffin method and cut in 5 µm thickness. Tissues slide were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) to identified histological structure of the Sunda porcupine placenta. Photomicrographs were using Optilab Image Viewer. The histological structure of the Sunda porcupine’s placenta were analyzed and reported descriptively. Macroscopically, the shape of Sunda Porcupine placenta is flat like a disc. Histologically, the thickest parts of Sunda porcupines placenta consist of chorioallantoic plate, labyrinth zone, trophospongium, decidua, metrial glands, myometrium zone. In conclussion, the placenta of sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) has been identified which has a discoid shape and is classified to the hemochorial type. Keywords | Sunda porcupines, Placenta, Type, Histological structure Received | November 21, 2019; Accepted | February 17, 2020; Published | March 03, 2020 *Correspondence | Teguh Budipitojo, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Email: [email protected] Citation | Budipitojo T, Shofiyah S, Masithoh DBH, Khasanah LM, Padeta I (2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/30/2021 08:45:12AM Via Free Access 302 D.J
    Contributions to Zoology, 74 (3/4) 301-312 (2005) A taxonomic revision of the Pleistocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Eurasia with notes on the evolution of the family D.J. van Weers Zoological Museum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] Key words: Porcupines, Asia, evolution, Europe, paleogeography, Pleistocene Abstract Introduction Measurements of many hundreds of the high-crowned cheek teeth The extant porcupines and their distribution of Hystrix specimens from the Euro-Asiatic Pleistocene in the collections of European and Asiatic institutions have been compared with extant species for a revision of the genus. A review is given In the classifi cation of the Hystricidae followed here, about the extant genera and species of the family. The number of the family contains three, all extant, genera: Trichys recognisable Euro-Asiatic species in the fossil record is reduced Günther, 1877, Atherurus F. Cuvier, 1829, and Hystrix from eight to fi ve. The European H. (A.) vinogradovi Argyropulo, Linnaeus, 1758, which are distinguished by different 1941 is here considered to be a synonym of H. (A.) brachyura degrees of specialisation. Trichys, with only one Linnaeus, 1758, and the three Asiatic species H. (H.) crassidens Lydekker, 1886, H. (H.) gigantea Van Weers, 1985 and H. (H.) species, is the least specialised and the only one that magna Pei, 1987 are synonymized with H. (H.) refossa Gervais, is limited to Southeast Asia. Atherurus, occurring in 1852. Most of the Chinese fossil specimens are properly allocated Africa as A. africanus Gray, 1842 and represented in to H.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Freshwater Fishes, Terrestrial Herpetofauna and Mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Author(S) Kelvin K.P
    Title Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Author(s) Kelvin K.P. Lim, Marcus A. H., Chua and Norman T-L. Lim Source Nature in Singapore, 9, 165–198 Published by Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore Copyright © 2016 National University of Singapore This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. This document first appeared in: Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H., & Lim, N. T. -L. (2016). Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165–198. Retrieved from http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/pdfs/nis/2016/2016nis165-198.pdf This document was archived with permission from the copyright owner. NATURE IN SINGAPORE 2016 9: 165–198 Date of Publication: 1 November 2016 © National University of Singapore Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore Kelvin K.P. Lim1*, Marcus A. H. Chua1 & Norman T-L. Lim2 1Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore; Email: [email protected] (KKPL; *corresponding author), [email protected] (MAHC) 2Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore; Email: [email protected] (NTLL) Abstract. The diversity of terrestrial and freshwater, non-avian, vertebrate fauna of Pulau Tekong, an island used almost exclusively by the Singapore Armed Forces, was compiled.
    [Show full text]
  • Digestive Physiology, Resting Metabolism and Methane Production of Captive Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix Indica)
    Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 28, 2019, 69–77 https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/102741/2019 The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna Digestive physiology, resting metabolism and methane production of captive Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) K.B. Hagen1, S. Hammer2, S. Frei1, S. Ortmann3, R. Głogowski4, M. Kreuzer5 and M. Clauss1,6 1 University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Winterthurerstr. 260, 15 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Naturschutz-Tierpark Görlitz, Zittauerstrasse 43, D-02826 Görlitz, Germany 3 Leibniz Instiute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Berlin, Alfred-Kowalke Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany 4 Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) – SGGW, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland 5 ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland KEY WORDS: Hystricomorpha, Rodentia, ABSTRACT. Limited physiological measurements exist for the digestive mean retention time, digestibility, basal physiology of porcupines. We measured CH4 emission in three captive Indian metabolic rate, colonic separation mechanism crested porcupines (Hystrix indica; 16.1 ± 2.7 kg) fed a diet of pelleted lucerne, and measured feed intake, digestibility, and digesta mean retention time (MRT) of a solute and three particle markers (<2, 10 and 20 mm). Marker excretion patterns suggested secondary peaks indicative of caecotrophy, with MRTs of 26.4 h for the solute and 31.5, 26.8 and 26.2 h for the three particle markers, respectively. At a dry matter intake of 58 ±10 g/kg body mass0.75/day, Received: 29 November 2018 porcupines digested 49 and 35% organic matter and neutral detergent fibre, Revised: 9 January 2019 respectively, which is in the lower range of that expected for horses on a similar Accepted: 18 February 2019 diet.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan Porcupine, Hystrix Brachyuran (Rodentia, Hystricidae) by Conventional Staining and G-Banding Technique
    © 2008 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 73(3): 221–228, 2008 The First Cytogenetic Study of the Malayan porcupine, Hystrix brachyuran (Rodentia, Hystricidae) by Conventional Staining and G-banding Technique Alongkoad Tanomtong1,*, Praween Supanuam1, Wiwat Sangpakdee1, Pornnarong Siripiyasing2, Pawarisa Boonhan1 and Sarawut Kaewsri3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Major of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahasarakham Rajabhat University, Muang, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand 3 Program in Applied Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand Received May 24, 2008; accepted July 12, 2008 Summary This research was the first cytogenetic study of the Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) from Songkla Zoo, Thailand. Blood samples were taken from two males and two females and then subjected to standard whole blood T-lymphocyte culture. The samples were harvested by colchicine-hypotonic-fixation-air-drying technique and followed by conventional staining and G- banding with Giemsa’s. The results showed that the diploid number was 2nϭ66, and the fundamental number (NF) was 127 and 128 in male and female, respectively. The autosomes consist of 6 large submetacentric, 20 large acrocentric, 6 medium submetacentric, 18 medium acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 4 small submetacentric, 6 small acrocentric and 2 small telocentric chromosomes. We found the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), the representative chromosome marker, which are lo- cated on the long arms of the pair submetacentric autosomes 9 and 13. The X chromosome was a large metacentric chromosome, while the Y chromosome was the smallest telocentric chromosome. G-banding technique indicated that the number of bands was 236.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Medicinal Animal Use by Xhosa and Sotho Communities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa Willem A
    Nieman et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2019) 15:34 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0311-6 RESEARCH Open Access Traditional medicinal animal use by Xhosa and Sotho communities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa Willem A. Nieman1* , Alison J. Leslie1 and Anita Wilkinson2 Abstract Background: The use of animals and animal-derived materials in traditional medicine constitutes an important part of the belief systems of indigenous African cultures. It is believed to be rapidly expanding in South Africa, where traditional healers are estimated to outnumber western doctors by 2000:1 in some areas, with an overall clientele consisting of 60–80% of South African citizens. Despite concerns about the impact of the trade in traditional medicine on biodiversity, there has been only limited research on this topic in South Africa. Methods: Traditional Xhosa and Sotho healers operating from impoverished, rural communities in the Boland Region of the Western Cape Province were consulted to provide a comprehensive inventory of the number and frequency of animals used and sold. Species richness estimators, diversity indices, and a relative cultural importance (RCI) index were used to highlight species of concern and assess market dynamics. Results: A total of 26 broad use categories for 12 types of animal parts or products from 71 species or morphospecies were recorded. The most commonly sold items were skin pieces, oil or fat, and bones. Results showed that leopard, chacma baboon, Cape porcupine, monitor lizard species, puff adder, African rock python, and black-backed jackal were the species most used in the traditional medicinal trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Habits of Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix Indica)
    ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) ISSN 1678-4375 (Online) THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT Original Article Food habits of indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) (Kerr 1792), in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hábitos alimentares do porco-espinho de crista indiano (Hystrix indica) (Kerr 1972) nos distritos de Bagh, Azad Jammu e Caxemira M. B. Khana, N. Irshada* , B. Ahmedb, M. R. Khana, R. A. Minhasb, U. Alic, M. Mahmooda, A. Muhammada, A. A. Sheikha and N. Ashrafb aDepartment of Zoology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJ&K Pakistan bDepartment of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, AJ&K Pakistan cDepartment of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJ&K Pakistan Abstract The Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica) is classified as an agricultural pest species. It feeds on plants and crops; hence, it is responsible for massive financial losses worldwide. The current study was conducted to assess the diet composition of Indian Crested Porcupine in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Thus, fecal samples were collected and examined from different sampling sites. Reference slides of the material collected from the study area were prepared for identification of dietary components in fecal pellets. A total of 80 fecal samples were collected and processed. Percent relative frequencies (P.R.F.) were calculated for each plant species recovered from pellets. Data revealed that Indian Crested Porcupine consumed 31 plant species in its diet, among them Zea mays (34.31±7.76) was the most frequently selected species followed by Rumex obtusifolius (15.32±2.57) and Melia azedarach (12.83±4.79).
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Inspected at Last Inspection
    United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 3432 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 10-AUG-16 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 3432 86-C-0001 001 ARIZONA CENTER FOR NATURE 10-AUG-16 CONSERVATION Count Species 000003 Cheetah 000005 Cattle/cow/ox/watusi 000003 Mandrill *Male 000006 Hamadryas baboon 000004 Grevys zebra 000008 Thomsons gazelle 000002 Cape Porcupine 000002 Lion 000002 African hunting dog 000002 Tiger 000008 Common eland 000002 Spotted hyena 000001 White rhinoceros 000007 Spekes gazelle 000005 Giraffe 000004 Kirks dik-dik 000002 Fennec fox 000003 Ring-tailed lemur 000069 Total ARHYNER United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 2016082567967934 Insp_id Inspection Report Arizona Center For Nature Conservation Customer ID: 3432 455 N. Galvin Parkway Certificate: 86-C-0001 Phoenix, AZ 85008 Site: 001 ARIZONA CENTER FOR NATURE CONSERVATION Type: ROUTINE INSPECTION Date: 19-OCT-2016 No non-compliant items identified during this inspection. This inspection and exit interview were conducted with the primate manager. Additional Inspectors Gwendalyn Maginnis, Veterinary Medical Officer AARON RHYNER, D V M Prepared By: Date: AARON RHYNER USDA, APHIS, Animal Care 19-OCT-2016 Title: VETERINARY MEDICAL OFFICER 6077 Received By: (b)(6), (b)(7)(c) Date: Title: FACILITY REPRESENTATIVE 19-OCT-2016 Page 1 of 1 United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 3432 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 19-OCT-16
    [Show full text]