2.WEST 7.BROXBURN & 1.COBBINSHAW CALDER DRUMSHORELAND 16.STRAITON 17.CARLOPS FEET 0 C. C.L. C.L. LST. L. DATUM LINE C. L. ABDEN FISH BED URLS C. CEPHALOPOD LST. C. URLS BB.I. LST. MARL C. 9.BRIDGEND LST. GONIATITE BED & O.S. C. C. & BB.I. FSH C. RICC.L. DTSH C. C. 10.PHILPSTOUN LAVA RSH 400 FSH ?RSH C. BULS MESH O.S. LST. TFWL RSH O.S. MESH 11.MIDHOPE & 14.QUEENSFERRY & PA.S. HOU MESH WHITEQUARRIES DALMENY FESH O.S. HOU FEL TFWL TFWL TFWL O.S. GYSH 800 R.S. C. 8.BINNY FESH HOU GYSH 3.DEANS & GYSH TFWL BNSH 4.NEWFARM GYSH BNSH C. LIVINGSTON HOU HOU HOU HOU GYSH HOU TFWL HOU FESH BST 1200 GYSH GYSH 6.PUMPHERSTON DTSH FESH HOU HOU FESH DTSH O.S. FESH 5.MID CALDER FESH FESH BNSH 15.BURNTISLAND O.S. FESH HOU BSLS FESH BNSH CHSH BULS FESH BNSH FEL BNSH 12.DUDDINGSTON } BNSH BNSH BNSH BNSH BNSH 13.SOCIETY BNSH BST LST. 1600 CHSH BNSH CHSH CHSH DTSH DTSH DTSH DTSH CHSH BULS O.S. DTSH DTSH CHSH BULS DTSH DTSH DTSH N.S. BST UNDS N.S. CSSH BULS Burdiehouse Limestone DTSH CSSH BSLS BULS BULS UNDS UNDS CSSH BNSH Broxburn Shale BSLS DTSH BULS DTSH BSLS BSLS DTSH BB.I. Blackband Ironstone ?PMSH 2000 UNDS PMSH N.S. DTSH BSLS Barracks Limestone QCS BST Binny Sandstone GAP BSLS PMSH BSLS? CSSH QCS C. Coal BULS BULS C.F. Calder Fault ?PMSH C.L. Cobbinshaw (Main) Limestone ENCRINITAL BULS CSSH CSSH 2400 LST O.S. BULS CSSH Camps Shale C. BULS CSSH CSSH CDA Crosswood Ash CSSH BULS BULS BULS CHSH Champfleurie Shale C. or O.S. DTSH Dunnet Shale CDA PMSH O.S. DYSH Dalmahoy Shale QCS O.S. O.S. F. Fault 2800 O.S. (?DYSH) FEL Fells Limestone BULS PMSH O.S. FESH Fells Shale O.S. FSH Fraser Shale O.S. PMSH GYSH Grey Shale HOU Houston Coal ENCRINITAL 15 FIRTH OF LST L. or Lst. Limestone 3200 PMSH FORTH O.S. PMSH M.F. Murieston Fault M.H.F. Middleton Hall Fault 13 MESH Mungle Shale ASHY 12 14 N.S. New Shale (Dunnet) 10 LAVA 9 11 O.F. Ochiltree Fault OIL SHALES, COALS & IRONSTONES EDINBURGH 3600 8 O.S. Oil-Shale 7 SANDSTONE P.F. Pentland Fault PMSH Pumpherston Shales 6 Pa.S. Paper Shale LIMESTONE BATHGATE 3 4 5 QCS Queensferry Cements MARLS & FIRECLAY 16 RSH Raeburn Shale 4000 RICC.L Riccarton Limestone MARINE SHELL BED 2 UNDS Under Dunnet Shale ASH URLS Under Limestone PENTLAND HILLS TFWL Two-Foot Coal IGNEOUS ROCKS TIC Twenty-inch Coal 1 PRESUMED MUDSTONE, SILTSTONE 17 Figure 30 Summary stragraphic secons through the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formaon in selected mined areas, redrawn from Carruthers et al. (1927). 250000 300000 350000 Widespread lacustrine deposition with marine incursions. Sediment supply and palaeocurrents from the north-east. Marine incursions from the east. Remnant volcanic high forms basin boundary in the west, sandier Lawmuir Formation around the basin margin. Kinghorn and Bathgate Volcanic Fms active BGS/DECC study area E-W fault and NNE fold influence FIFE 700000 Heterolithic succession some thick with No volcanic rock mudstone varying thin succession in wells marine Firth influence Volcanic rock at Kinghorn V. of Fm level Forth Kinghorn Volcanic Fm volcanic high may be extensive over this area; interbedded with sediments Bathgate Hills Bathgate Hills Volc. Volcanic Fm, extends interbedded to Rashiehill borehole with West Lothian Oil-Shales at EDINBURGH surface and no data, in boreholes boundary of fluvial-possible to lacustrine-dominated low facies unknown LOTHIAN Lawmuir Fm GLASGOW Lacustrine/non marine sediments with marine incursions no data, possible low Lawmuir Fm 650000 High Sandstone with Volcanic rocks (lava, volcanic high extent of siltstone and mudstone tuff and ash) West Mudstone with Calcareous mudstone Volcanic lava and tuff Lothian Oil- siltstone and sandstone dominated interbedded with Shale Fm and sedimentary rocks Sandstone, siltstone Stromatolitic limestone Ayrshire not 0 5 10 20km lateral equivalents and mudstone dominated Unconformity considered/described Figure 32 Latest West Lothian Oil-Shale unit mes (near the top of the unit, c.331 Ma, NM palynomorph zone). a) Evidence from well/borehole and surface exposures. Note that wells/boreholes proving the upper West Lothian Oil-Shale unit are surrounded by shading, other wells/boreholes do not prove the upper West Lothian Oil-Shale unit. 250000 300000 350000 high BGS/DECC study area 700000 fluvio- lateral extent deltaic of lavas/tuffs system unclear Firth of Forth marine incursions thinner, more sand-rich succession at basin margin volcanic high EDINBURGH high extent of depositional low unknown GLASGOW ephemeral lake with marine incursions seismic evidence for thick succession thinner, more sand-rich 650000 Sandstone with Volcanic rocks (lava, succession at basin margin High siltstone and mudstone tuff and ash) Mudstone with Calcareous mudstone Volcanic lava and tuff siltstone and sandstone dominated interbedded with high sedimentary rocks Sandstone, siltstone Stromatolitic limestone 0 5 10 20km and mudstone dominated Unconformity Figure 32 Latest West Lothian Oil-Shale unit mes (near the top of the unit, c.331 Ma, NM palynomorph zone). b) Summary of the palaeogeography. Evidence is patchy and the reconstrucon is tentave. Dashed lines are faults and folds with evidence for acve growth. 250000 300000 350000 Widespread lacustrine and fluvio-deltaic deposition with marine incursions. Sediment supply and palaeocurrents from the north-east. Marine incursions from the east. Unconformity/not present Lomond Hills/ Volcanic high forms depositional basin boundary in the west. Glenrothes borehole Relatively little volcanic activity. BGS/DECC study areano data Fault pattern uncertain FIFE 700000 mudstone, no data Thin ?Sandy limestone Firth Craig Fm rich Inch of Ferryton of Forth Stromatolitic volcanic high reefs Lacustrine/ non-marine ? sediments with marine incursions no data EDINBURGH no data, Unconformity in ? extent of volcanicspossible unknown low Rashiehill borehole, LOTHIAN over Clyde Plateau Volc Fm. Stromatolitic reefs GLASGOW Salsburgh Volcanic Formation until no data, Burdiehouse Limestone possible low 650000 Sandstone with Volcanic rocks (lava, High siltstone and mudstone tuff and ash) volcanic high extent West Lothian Oil-Shale Mudstone with Calcareous mudstone Volcanic lava and tuff siltstone and sandstone dominated interbedded with Fm and lateral sedimentary rocks equivalents Sandstone, siltstone Stromatolitic limestone 0 5 10 20km and mudstone dominated Unconformity Figure 33 Early West Lothian Oil-Shale unit mes (around the level of the Burdiehouse Limestone, c.333.5 Ma, around NM/TC palynomorph zones) a) Evidence from well/borehole and surface exposures. Note that wells/boreholes proving the lower West Lothian Oil-Shale unit are surrounded by shading, other wells/boreholes do not prove the lower West Lothian Oil-Shale unit. 250000 300000 350000 high BGS/DECC study area 700000 fluvio- deltaic system Firth stromatolitic of reefs Forth marine incursions unconformity thick, layered seismic lacustrine package could indicate that lacustrine facies EDINBURGH extend down sequence stromatolitic reefs no data volcanicvolcanic high high GLASGOW sedimentary strata cover volcanic high 650000 Sandstone with Volcanic rocks (lava, High siltstone and mudstone tuff and ash) Mudstone with Calcareous mudstone Volcanic lava and tuff siltstone and sandstone dominated interbedded with high sedimentary rocks Sandstone, siltstone Stromatolitic limestone 0 5 10 20km and mudstone dominated Unconformity Figure 33 Early West Lothian Oil-Shale unit mes (around the level of the Burdiehouse Limestone, c.333.5 Ma, around NM/TC palynomorph zones) b) Summary of the palaeogeography. Evidence is patchy and the reconstrucon is tentave. Dashed lines are faults and folds with evidence for acve growth. 250000 300000 350000 80% % Shale BGS/DECC study area 0% 700000 Firth of Forth EDINBURGH GLASGOW 650000 Limit of West Lothian Oil-Shale unit 0 5 10 20km Figure 34 Percentage shale map for West Lothian Oil-Shale unit. 250000 300000 350000 55% % Shale BGS/DECC study area 0% EAST FIFE 700000 Firth of Forth WEST EDINBURGH LOTHIAN MID & EAST WESTERN LOTHIAN CENTRAL GLASGOW COALFIELD 650000 Limit of West Lothian Oil-Shale unit 0 5 10 20km Figure 35 Percentage shale map for shale intervals greater than 50 (15 m) thick within the West Lothian Oil-Shale unit. 250000 300000 350000 85% % Shale BGS/DECC study area 0% 700000 Firth of Forth BATHGATE HILLS EDINBURGH CENTRAL COALFIELD BARGEDDIE 1 CRAIGHEAD 1 GLASGOW LANARKSHIRE 650000 Limit of Lower Limestone Formation 0 5 10 20km Figure 36 Percentage shale map for the Lower Limestone Formaon, the posion of wells discussed in the text is shown. 250000 300000 350000 50% % Shale BGS/DECC study area 0% 700000 Firth of Forth EDINBURGH GLASGOW 650000 Limit of Lower Limestone Formation 0 5 10 20km Figure 37 Percentage shale map for shale intervals greater than 50 (15 m) thick within the Lower Limestone Formaon. 250000 300000 350000 Cyclical fluvio-deltaic strata with marine bands and thick coals. Areas of relative high subsidence have a thicker sequence. Clear influence of syn-sedimentary NNE-trending faults, and syncline development. NE, NW and E-W faults also active BGS/DECC study area Volcanism persists in the Bathgate Hills. Palaeocurrents dominantly NE to SW. Rapid subsidence, strong fluvial influences (Read 1988 ) Volcanics at Saline 700000 Thinner, Firth more sand- rich over of anticline Forth high Mudstone rich succession (1988) of Read Bathgate Hills rough’ Volcanic Fm T EDINBURGH Mudstone-rich succession along ‘Kilsyth high GLASGOW Fluvio-deltaic with coals, marine incursions thin sequence 650000 Sandstone with Volcanic rocks (lava, high High siltstone and mudstone tuff and ash) extent of Limestone Mudstone with Calcareous mudstone Volcanic lava and tuff siltstone and sandstone dominated interbedded with Coal Fm sedimentary rocks Sandstone, siltstone Stromatolitic limestone Ayrshire not 0 5 10 20km Douglas not and mudstone dominated Unconformity considered/described considered Figure 38 Limestone Coal Formaon mes (around c.329 Ma, NC palynomorph zone) a) Evidence from well/borehole and surface exposures.