Printing Maps

Overview: Printing MFworks Documents The Layout Window Printing Printing to Disk

Overview: Printing MFworks Documents MFworks is designed to print to any standard Windows compatible printer this includes the PostScript printers used by most service bureaus. Your printer must support either colour or greyscale output. MFworks is not compatible with dot matrix printers such as the ImageWriter.

MFworks allows you to print maps, scripts, comments, and legends. Scripts and comments can be printed when their respective windows are active using the Print Setup and Print commands from the File menu. These commands will display the dialog boxes that are part of the printer driver software.

If a map is printed before it is set up in the Layout window, the map will be printed using the default layout settings. By default, only the map will be printed it will be automatically scaled and placed to fit the paper size that is specified in the Print Setup dialog box. There will be no legend or other cartographic elements. To include other elements in the printout use the Layout window to place the legend, north arrow, scale, and annotation with the map.

When printing maps, the standard Windows Print Setup and Print commands and dialog boxes, that are part of the printer driver software, are accessed by the MFworks printing facilities. Maps can be printed either from the Map window or from the Layout window. The Layout window gives you control over the appearance of the map and cartographic elements and the scale of the output.

The Layout Window Introduction The MFworks Layout window allows you to configure and edit the appearance of a map before it is printed. Changes made to the map in this window do not affect the appearance of the map in the Map window, nor do

they affect the underlying data. The Layout window is used strictly to set up the appearance of the printed map.

To access the Layout window associated with a map layer, make one of the windows (the Map window, the Legend window, the Comment window, or the Information window) active, then select Layout from the Windows menu.

The first time the Layout window for any map layer is opened, the default layout will be generated:

The map will be scaled automatically by MFworks to approximately fit one page in the paper size specified in the Print Setup dialog box (refer to Using Print Setup below). For large maps, the default layout may span several pages.

If a cell resolution has been specified in the Information window, then MFworks will display the output scale of the map element in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout window. The scale is only displayed when the map element is selected.

The map element is the only element that is added automatically to the Layout window; you must add, format, and position the rest of the elements.

If the map image is resized to be larger than a single page, MFworks will tile the map over the required number of pages. Page break indicators

appear in the Layout window as light grey lines. They indicate the position and orientation of the printable area of the output page as specified in the Print Setup dialog box.

Page Break Indicators

As with the Map window, the Layout window comes with a set of tools, buttons, and menus that allow you to customize the appearance of the

printed map. These facilities are discussed individually throughout the rest of this document.

Selection tool Text Annotation tool

Coordinate Overlay menu Legend menu North Arrow menu Scale menu Border menu Opacity menu

Zoom pop-up menu Zoom Out button Zoom In button

Print to Printer button Page Setup button Print to EMF button Redraw button

The Layout window has the same zoom controls as in the Map window. Click the zoom out button to reduce the magnification of the page in the Layout window. Click the zoom in button to increase the magnification of the page in the Layout window. The Layout window also has a zoom pop- up menu to set the magnification as a percentage of the true image size (rather than a pixel to cell ratio as in the Map window).

The selection tool is used to select and de-select various elements in the Layout window.

The redraw button is used to redraw the map element in the Layout window.

Layout The Layout window is used to compose the page(s) that will be printed. The organization size and scale of the printed map are defined in the Layout window. The size of the map in the Map window does not affect the size of the output map.

You can add a legend, annotation (includes both text blocks and EMF graphics), a north arrow, a scale, a coordinate system, and a border to the output layout using the Layout window pop-up menus.

There is a hierarchy to the Layout window elements. The map element is always on the bottom of the Layout window element stack. The legend element sits on top of the map, and then comes the north arrow, the scale, and finally annotation. Separate elements of annotation can be moved in front of and behind each other using the move commands (Move Forward, Move To Front, Move Backward, Move To Back) from the Layout menu.

Each element in the Layout window can be resized by dragging on the small black handles that appear at the four corners of the element when it is selected by the selection tool.

To move an element, use the selection tool to click on it and drag it. Do not click on the handles to move an element handles are used to resize an element.

The Layout When the Layout window is the active window, the Layout menu becomes menu available in the MFworks window menu bar. The options in the Layout menu allow you to control the appearance and size of the page layout and the relative stacking order of the annotation elements.

Greek Map The Greek Map option allows you to switch between a fully rendered image of the map, and a map place holder. The place holder speeds up the redrawing of the Layout window whenever changes are made.

Greek Legend The Greek Legend option allows you to switch between a fully rendered image of the legend and a legend place holder. The place holder speeds up the redrawing of the Layout window whenever changes are made.

Changing Annotation Stacking Order Annotation elements include text blocks and EMF graphics. There are four “move” options that can be applied to annotation elements to adjust their relative stacking order: Move Forward brings the selected annotation element forward one step Move To Front places the selected annotation element in front of all other annotation elements Move Backward pushes the selected annotation element back one step and, Move to Back places the selected annotation element behind all other annotation elements. The map element is always the back most element, followed by the legend element.

Setting Output Size Sometimes more than one page is required to contain the map and other elements in the print layout. The map can be tiled over several pages or reduced to fit on one page. You can add and remove pages from the Layout window to accommodate larger and smaller map images. The maximum output size for MFworks is 254cm by 254cm (100" x 100").

Select portrait or landscape from the Print Setup dialog box, accessed by choosing Print Setup from the File menu.

Portrait Orientation

Landscape Orientation

The orientation of the page to be printed can be adjusted by clicking on one of the Orientation buttons in the Print Setup dialog box (Note: the buttons

in the printer driver Print Setup dialog box may not appear exactly as the ones depicted below).

To set the output size, choose the Output Size option from the Layout menu:

The Output Size dialog box will be displayed:

If the size of the final map image is known, type in the dimensions in the Width and Height fields, then click on either the cm or the inches button to set the measurement system to be used. Remember, this will specify the dimensions of the image area, not the dimensions of the paper. If the specified image size is not an exact multiple of the page image sizes, partial pages will appear in the layout window. When printing, however, the image area will be the exact size that was specified.

To print the image on an 8 1/2" x 11" piece of paper, specify a smaller image size to accommodate the non-printable page area of the output device.

8 1/2" x 11" image area 7 1/2" x 10" image area

If the exact image area size is not known, but the approximate number of standard pages to be filled is known, click and drag in the output field of the Output Size dialog box to add or remove pages. Clicking on pages will produce an image area in multiples of full page image areas.

Before printing the map, it is good practice to verify the output size when layout composition is completed. Extra pages may have been added automatically as the layout was created. To eliminate extra pages, open the Output Size dialog box and click on the page in the top left-hand corner of the output field. The output size will be automatically reduced to the minimum number of pages that are required to output the image in the Layout window.

Map element The map element is a movable, scalable representation of the map from the Map window. To reposition this element within the layout, choose the selection tool, then click on the map with the pointer and drag it to the new position. The map element can only be positioned within the current drawing size limits. The drawing size is delimited by the white rectangles that represent the image areas of the pages to be printed. The area beyond the printable image area is grey.

Rescaling the Map Element When the map element is the active element, the scale of the map image appears in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout window. If no units have been assigned to the cell resolution in the Information window, then the map scale will appear as “1:??????”.

There are two ways to rescale the map element:

1) Click on the map element to make it active, then drag on one of the resize handles until it is the correct scale. If cell units are specified in the Information window, the scale indicator in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout

window will change to display the new scale of the map element as it is resized. 2) Click on the scale indicator in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout window. This will cause the Map Scale dialog box to be displayed:

When the Map Scale dialog box is displayed, type in the new scale ratio in the ratio field beside the 1:, or, click on the Scale drop-down list and choose from one of the available standard map scale options.

If the new scale makes the map element larger than what can be contained in the current drawing size, the drawing size will be adjusted automatically to accommodate the increased size of the map element. The map element can fill several pages if necessary.

When the map is printed, each page will contain a portion of the oversized map. You can physically cut and paste the pages together to make a mosaicked image (For an excellent guide on how to layout and assemble a mosaicked map refer to: Pazner, M., Thies, N., and Chavez, R., Simple Computer Imaging and Mapping: Practical Guide, ThinkSpace Inc., 1994, pp. 97 - 102). MFworks automatically divides the map image into pages with no overlap.

Certain scales in the map scale drop-down list are greyed out. These scales are not allowed to be used. Scales that are too large will cause the map

element to exceed the allowable 254cm x 254cm image size. Scales that are too small will cause the map element to be reduced to a size that cannot be rendered on screen or output correctly.

Note: Numbers in this document appear in Canadian standard form, however in many of the figures American standard form is used. MFworks allows you to determine which standard to employ by conforming to the specifications set in the Numbers control panel accessed by selecting Numbers from the Control Panels folder:

Greeking the Map Element When a map layer has a particularly large cell count, it can take time to draw the map element each time it is rescaled or moved in the Layout window. To avoid this delay choose Greek Map from the Layout menu.

Greeking is turned on or off by selecting Greek Map from the Layout menu. When the option is selected, a check mark will appear beside the command in the Layout menu.

Greeking is a printer's term that refers to the use of “un-readable” text in a page composition block to act as a place holder until the actual text is ready to be inserted. In this way a page layout could be composed without having to wait for all the text to be ready.

The Greek Map option substitutes a place holder for the map element so that you do not have to wait for the map element to redraw each time a change is made. The place holder is an “X”, sized to take up the full area occupied by the map image. The word Map appears in a small box in the middle of the “X” to indicate that the Greeked element is the map element

and not the legend element. If the map element has a border around it (as it will by default), the “X” will be contained within the border.

Adding a IIf the map layer has a coordinate system, MFworks can overlay a grid and/ coordinate or a ruler on top of the map element based on that system: system

If no geometry has been built, MFworks can overlay a grid and/or ruler based on row and column coordinates:

or on distance from the row/column point 0,0:

To add a coordinate system overlay, click on the coordinate overlay button in the Layout window tool box and choose one of three options in the coordinate overlay drop-down list:

The first options specifies a border with no coordinate overlay:

The second option specifies a coordinate overlay with only a ruler around the edge of the map:

The third option specifies a coordinate overlay with a ruler and grid lines:

When a coordinate overlay is specified, MFworks automatically calculates the values to appear on the ruler based on the selected geometry and the scale of the output. MFworks also encloses the map and grid coordinates inside a neatline. The cartographic elements can be arranged in any way in

and around the neatline. Note: the map and coordinate system are always at the bottom of the stacking order.

Adding the The legend element is a vertically wrapped version of the contents of the legend element Legend window. Vertical wrapping allows you to divide the legend element into columns and stretch it out horizontally to fit better within the layout.

The format of the legend element in the Layout window is specified in the Legend Format dialog box. To make changes to the legend element after it has been placed in the Layout window, use the Legend Format dialog box.

To place the legend element, click on the legend button of the Layout window:

A drop-down list will appear that allows you to choose from among four different legend styles:

The first is the “all entries” option. Choosing this option will produce a legend that contains all the entries from the Legend window. Use this option to show all legend entries regardless of whether they contain text or not in the text element. In this example, the value “VOID” is the only entry that does not contain text:

The second is the “entries with text only” option. Choosing this option will create a legend element which contains only those entries from the Legend

window that have text in the text field. Use this option if there is a “VOID” value entry with no text or if there are entries that do not require referencing. For example, it may not be necessary to state in the legend that a certain colour represents background shading:

The third option creates a horizontal gradational scale legend element. MFworks generates the labels automatically for the scale based on zone values. This option is most useful for continuous data such as elevation:

The fourth option creates a vertical gradational scale. MFworks generates the labels automatically for the scale based on zone values. This option is most useful for continuous data such as slope aspect:

To place the legend element, click on the legend element button in the Layout window tool box and choose the format you want to use. With your pointer, drag a marquee in the Layout window to specify the location and size of the legend element.

The legend element is positioned in the same way as the map element. Click on the legend element to make it active and drag it into position. As with the map element, the legend element can only be positioned within the boundaries of the drawing area.

Legend element The column spacing of the legend element can be changed by clicking on columns the element to make it active, then clicking and dragging on one of the resize handles that appear in the four corners. The minimum width of the legend element is determined by the width of the Legend window. The maximum width is constrained by the drawing area.

The number of legend columns can be adjusted to make it fit into a particular vertical space. This is handy if all the elements are to appear on one page, or if the space is too small to accommodate a single column.

To adjust the number of legend element columns, click on the legend element to make it the only active element. Doing this will display a set of column option buttons in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout window:

By default, the first button (single column) is selected. Click on the appropriate button to rearrange the legend into two, three, four columns. Clicking on the far right button will increase the number of columns by one or a number of columns that will produce an approximately equal number of zones in each column. The maximum number of columns that can be

produced is dependent on the maximum print width, the maximum number of zones, or when one zone per column is reached.

In multi-column mode, the width of the legend element is divided amongst the columns. The minimum column width is controlled by the width of the Legend window.

As with the map element, the legend element can be Greeked. To Greek the legend element, choose Greek Legend from the Layout menu:

The legend will appear as a block of cells with each cell representing one legend entry. The Greeked legend element occupies the same space as the

normal legend element and can be moved and resized in the same fashion by clicking and dragging.

Adding a north MFworks currently supports several north arrow types. To place a north arrow element arrow on the Layout window, click on the north arrow button.

The north arrow button opens the north arrow drop-down list. Select an arrow from the menu.

Drag a marquee in the Layout window to define the size and position of the North arrow. Move the north arrow by clicking and dragging it. Resize the north arrow by clicking and dragging on one of the resize handles.

The orientation of the north arrow is set automatically based on the azimuth field in the Information window.

Adding a scale MFworks supports several different types of scales. To add a scale to the element Layout window, click on the scale button in the Layout window.

The scale button opens the scale drop-dwon list. Select the desired scale style from the drop-dwon list.

Use the pointer to drag a marquee that defines the size and position of the scale element.

The scale is set automatically based the scale of the map element on and the cell resolution field in the Information window. There are two different scale displays, with and without the ratio scale. For the display with the ratio scale, there are three components to each scale: the graduated bar, the text defining the graduation, and the ratio scale (set in the bottom left-hand corner of the Layout window).

The scale element can be resized by clicking on it to make it active, then dragging on one of the resize handles. MFworks will resize the scale to a logical number of units based on the cell resolution and map scale.

The text portion of the scale can be formatted using the options in the Text menu. You can specify the font, size, style, and colour of the text (for an explanation of these options refer to the document Text).

Adding Map annotation elements include text and pictures. Text can be entered annotation from the keyboard or pasted from the Clipboard. Pictures must be pasted elements from the Clipboard, therefore, pictures can be any logo, graphic, or MFworks map fragment that can be copied into the Clipboard.

To conform to cartographic standards printed maps should have descriptive or explanatory text. Every map should have a title that states what the map depicts (e.g., Southwestern Ontario: Annual Hydro-Electric Usage (Kilowatt Hours)).

Major features such as roads, rivers, towns, and landmarks should be labelled if the map contains these features. In a series of maps depicting different attributes of the same region, only the basemap need have these features labelled. If a map depicts North American archeological sites, the sites could be labelled directly on the map or through a colour key in the legend.

The map should also contain information about the cartographer or publisher (e.g., “Cartography by Matthew Lumsdon”, or “Produced by ThinkSpace Inc.”). Finally, the layout must contain the date of publication and the date that the data were gathered. Without this information, the maps are of questionable utility.

For maps appearing as part of a publication, it is adequate to cover this information elsewhere in the publication, but at the very least the map should have a title.

To add text annotation to a map, click on the annotation tool in the Layout window. When the pointer is moved over the layout it becomes an I-beam shaped insertion tool.

Before starting to type, set the format for the text by specifying Font, Size, Style, Colour, and Alignment from the submenus found in the Text menu. For an explanation of text formatting, refer to the document Text.

With the text format set, use the pointer to define the position and size of the text block. A text block with an insertion point will appear. Enter the text. If the line of text reaches the edge of the layout image area it will wrap automatically. Once the text has been entered, click on the selection tool to de-select the annotation tool.

To format text annotation after entering it in the text annotation block, use the I-beam to highlight the text by clicking and dragging over it. Choose the formatting options from the Text menu submenus. For an explanation of text formatting, refer to the document Text.

As with the other Layout window elements, the annotation element can be moved and resized by clicking on it with the selection tool and then dragging it to the desired position. To change the size of the annotation

The text will wrap to the new box size as the handle is dragged:

Once an annotation element has been placed it can be edited. Use the annotation tool to insert additional text, select, cut, copy, and paste text using the standard Macintosh editing techniques and commands. The editing commands are found in the Edit menu. Text can be pasted from the Clipboard by first clicking to place an insertion point in the Layout window and then selecting Paste from the Edit menu (for an explanation of text editing techniques refer to the document Text and your Windows help system).

Annotation stacking order is initially determined by the order in which the element was added. The first annotation element that was added will be at the bottom of the stacking order, the second will be in front of the first, etc. Use the Move commands in the Layout menu to change the stacking order of various elements by selecting an element and specifying a command.

There are many benefits to adjusting the stacking order. For example, you can create superscripts and subscripts, corporate logos with overlaid text, or a graphic can be placed on top of a text block.

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-27 Borders and The map, legend, north arrow, scale, and annotation elements can all have background borders placed around them. A border around the map element enhances the opacity appearance of the map element and keeps it visually intact (this is particularly important if there are white areas that reach the edges of the map).

Borders are used to enhance and highlight the layout elements. Layout window elements can also be stacked on top of one another. The background opacity of the elements can be changed so that elements behind them can either show through or be hidden. Borders can enhance the appearance of the printed map if used creatively.

Click the borders button in the Layout window to apply a border to a selected element or elements. This button can also be used to remove borders.

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-28 When the button is depressed a pop-up menu is displayed which presents you with five choices: no border, a single fine line border, a single line border, a double line border, and a single border with a drop shadow.

To put a border around a block of text, centre the text then put blank lines before and after the lines of text to create space for the border. If this is not done, the border will touch the top of the text. The width of the space around the text can be adjusted by making the size of the blank lines larger or smaller (refer to the document Text). Finally, resize the text block horizontally by clicking on it then dragging on the resize handles that appear in the four corners of the block.

Create annotation Add returns before Resize border with a border and after text horizontally

If an element is overlain on top of the map element, the map element will show through, making the overlain element difficult to see.

The opacity pop-up menu allows you to apply an opaque or transparent background to the selected element.

This button comes with two options, transparent background and opaque background. Select the opaque background to overlay cartographic elements on top of each other.

Printing Every printer comes with its own printer driver software, so the dialog boxes that will be displayed depend on the printer and printer driver being used. Also, the dialog boxes that are displayed on the screen depend on which version of the Windows operating system you are using.

Using print Before composing the layout in the Layout window, select Print Setup setup from the File menu. The Print Setup dialog box can also be accessed directly from the Layout window by clicking on the Print Setup button in the Layout window.

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-30 Print Setup also applies to other MFworks windows. To print the contents of the Script window or the Comment window select the appropriate options in the Print Setup dialog box.

Print Setup information is saved as part of the map file so the page does not have to be set up for every print job. It only has to be selected when the page set up is to be changed.

A standard Windows Print Setup dialog box for the your system will be displayed when Print Setup is selected:

The Print Setup dialog box that is displayed will depend on which printer and Operating System software is being used. Print Setup allows you to specify page orientation, as well as paper size and output scale.

Orientation Some maps are longer in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction this is referred to as a landscape image. Maps that are taller than they are wide are called portrait images. If the map is a landscape image select landscape orientation to fill as much as possible of a single sheet of paper.

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-31 For tiled images, try both landscape and portrait orientations to see which one accommodates the image on the least number of pages. Note: the orientation options in the printer driver Print Setup dialog box may not look exactly as those pictured in the section below.

Using the print To print the currently active window, choose Print from the File menu to command open the Print dialog box:

Or, from the Layout window, click on the print button:

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-32 As with the Print Setup dialog box, the Printer dialog box that is displayed is dependent on which printer, printer driver and Operating System is being used. Please refer to the printer manuals for an explanation of the options.

Some Printer dialog boxes give the option of printing to the printer or printing to a file. Printing to a file will create a PostScript file that can be taken to a service bureau for output.

It is recommended that you perform a printer colour test with MFworks before trying to output final maps so that any potential colour problems can be caught in advance. This is even more critical if work is being sent out to a service bureau to be printed. Have the service bureau print a sample of the colours that are being used in the map to see if they can reproduce the colours properly. Taking this step will save you and the service bureau much grief when the final maps are ready to print.

To print a single page or range of pages from a multiple page drawing, enter the page numbers in the From and To fields in the Printer dialog box. MFworks orders the pages in the Layout window from left to right and from top to bottom (as one would read a page of text in English).

123

456

Printing to Disk MFworks can generate Windows Enhanced Metafile Format (EMF) files and, with the appropriate PostScript printer driver, PostScript files. EMF files can be used by many other Windows applications. For example, an EMF version of a map can be placed into a desktop publishing application as part of a report, or it can be placed into a drawing or painting application to enhance further the map.

Printing to a To generate an EMF file from the Layout window, click on the EMF button: EMF file

The Print to EMF file dialog box will be displayed. Name the file, specify a location and click Save.

Printing to a Normally a PostScript file is generated if a service bureau will be printing PostScript file the map, or if a copy of the map is to be placed into a document in an application that does not handle EMF files. If a service bureau is going to print the map, ask them for a copy of their PPD (PostScript Printer Description file) to optimize the PostScript file for their equipment.

One small difficulty with creating PostScript files is that printer drivers can only output a single page. If the map spans several pages, a PostScript file for only the first page will be created. The rest of the pages will not be written. To compensate for this, select a page size that is sufficiently large to contain the whole map. You can also reduce the size of the map in the Print Setup if the necessary page size is not an available option with the

© Copyright ThinkSpace Inc., 1998, Version 1 UG-PRT-34 printer driver. You must inform the service bureau representative that these modifications have been made so that the file can be enlarged to its proper scale before printing.

To generate PostScript files you must install a PostScript printer driver in File Save mode. Consult your printer manual for the procedure to set up your printer to generate PostScript files.