DRAFT – Version 3.2 – November 2017
Addressing deaths by suicide in the River Foyle and protecting public safety
Interagency Protocols in Supporting the Search Process for a missing person in the River Foyle within the Derry~Londonderry City limits
NB All partners logos to be included on front cover
1 Contents Item Subject Page No Foreword 4 Contract of Commitment 6 Glossary of Terms 7 1.0 Strategic Context for the Protocols 8 2.0 Primary Purpose of the Interagency Protocols 9 2.1 Defining Roles 9 2.2 Aim & Objectives 10 2.3 Core Principles 11 3.0 Timeframe for Activation of Protocols and Information Sharing 13 3.1 Information Sharing 13 4.0 Co-ordination Roles 15 4.1 Co-ordination during a CRP 15 5.0 Family Support 17 5.1 First Contact 17 5.2 Joint Meeting with FLO and FSR 17 5.3 Continuous Vigilance of Vulnerable People 18 6.0 Media 19 6.1 Media Queries 19 6.2 Social Media 19 6.3 Media and Elected Representatives 20 7.0 Sharing Search Operation Information 21 8.0 Body Recovery Process 23 9.0 Surveillance of the River throughout a |Search and Recovery 24 Operation 10.0 Review of Effectiveness and Appropriateness of the Protocols 25 11.0 Flowchart of a search and recovery operation to body recovery 26-27
2 List of Appendices
Appendix Description Page No
1 Protect Life 2 Draft Objectives 27
2 Interim Immediate Contact details 29 for Search and Recovery Process on the river Foyle
3 Overview of Community Response 30 Plan for Derry City & Strabane District Council
4 Guidance Information – Search and 31-33 Recovery Operations on the River Foyle
5 Guidelines for Searches for a 34-36 Missing Person in the River Foyle
3 Foreword It is acknowledged that every crisis situation is different and often requires a response from a range of agencies. What is critical during any crisis situation is that the key partners are aware of the appropriate processes, are clear about their contribution, role and responsibilities and are able to support the various steps required to ensure the best outcome. It is also important that all actions taken are measured and do not aggravate a sensitive and potentially inflammatory situation, adding further distress or increased risk to public safety. Reflection and learning is a critical element of any crisis response and it is incumbent on partners to address the issues raised and ensure that steps are put in place to continue to improve our response in the future. In this instance, the learning from a Community Response Plan (CRP) following a death on the River Foyle, highlighted the need to develop clear protocols in order to respond to search and recovery processes as effectively and efficiently as possible As part of this process it is critical that: There is clarity about the roles and responsibilities of each agency Clear definitions and rationale for actions There are arrangements for the timely exchange of accurate and appropriate information Appropriate support and advice is given to those more directly affected and those involved in the search process Appropriate actions are put in place to address public safety and reduce the risk of contagion and further loss of life. During the CRP process draft interim protocols were developed to address any emerging deaths pending the development of these more comprehensive arrangements. Unfortunately, those draft protocols had to be activated and have acted as a key learning tool that has informed and influenced these protocols. From experience we know that two essential ingredients for effective working relationships are the commitment of the parties to open and honest communication, and a strong desire to make the relationship work for the benefit of the general public. In this situation, it is also imperative that there is follow up on agreed actions and a willingness to address any difficulties that arise as early as possible. As professionals working in complex service systems it is important that we do our best to make our organisation work to support people at a very vulnerable time of their life . life. Ultimately, the success of interagency protocols will be largely dependent on a healthy climate of commitment and cooperation existing between agencies and the individuals who represent these bodies. We are still learning about what constitutes best practice in these difficult circumstances but we do believe that these protocols will ensure a more co-ordinated and effective response.
These protocols focus that willingness and effort about the issue of deaths on the river. The development of interagency protocols has helped assist in clarifying
4 interagency roles and expectations as well as provide a guide for maintaining the relationship.
I would like to formally acknowledge the contribution made by all the partners who have supported the development of these working arrangements and for the continued support they provide to addressing public safety on the river Foyle. Ideally, there would be no need for such protocols. However, should they be activated at any time in the future then the partners who have signed up to these arrangements will have clarity of purpose and direction and I trust that they will contribute to reducing deaths on the river as a result of suicide.
Valerie Watts Chief Executive
5 Contract of Commitment We the undersigned organisations are committed to ensuring the delivery of the principles and actions outlined in these protocols which aim to address the search and recovery operations for a missing person on the river Foyle: Name Organisation Signature
Supt Gordon Police Service for NI McCalmont, Local District Commander Stephen Foyle Search and Rescue Twells/Chairman (tbc) To be confirmed NI Fire & Rescue Service John Kelpie, Chief Derry City and Strabane Executive District Council Dr Anne Kilgallen, Western Health & Social Care Chief Executive Trust Valerie Watts, Chief Public Health Agency Executive (Interim) Roisin O’Hara, Chief NI Ambulance Service Executive Brian McGrath, Chief Londonderry Harbour Executive Commission Sharon McMahon Loughs Agency
Jim Roddy, City City Centre Initiative Centre Manager To be confirmed Transport NI
6 Glossary of Terms Abbreviation Definition
CRP Community Response Plan – an interagency group which meets to address the immediate risk of contagion or associated suicide deaths or emerging clusters PSNI Police Service of Northern Ireland NIFRS Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service FSRS Foyle Search and Rescue Service – community based initiative that addresses public safety, rescue and body search and recovery on the river Foyle NIAS Northern Ireland Ambulance Service WHSCT Western Health & Social Care Trust PHA Public Health Agency DCSDC Derry City & Strabane District Council HSE Health Services Executive (Republic of Ireland) FLO Family Liaison Officer – the key link between the PSNI and the family CCI City Centre Initiative – manage and monitor the CCTV network on behalf of the Policing and Community Safety Partnership C&V Community and Voluntary Sector GP General Practitioner (Doctor) MLA Member of the Local Assembly – elected member of the Northern Ireland Assembly CCTV Close Circuit Television – a network of cameras around the river Foyle which are used to monitor public safety, identify and respond to people at risk TNI Transport Northern Ireland AGS An Garda Síochána
7 1.0 Strategic Context for the Protocols
These protocols are developed in the context of the Northern Ireland Suicide Prevention Strategy – Protect Life 2. The overall aims of the strategy are to: Gain a better understanding of suicidal behaviour Improve the identification of and response to suicidal behaviour Prevent suicide by people in crisis Support recovery from suicide behaviour and repeat self-harming and Support those bereaved by suicide The strategy has 10 overarching objectives, details in Appendix 1, but principally these protocols are contributing to: Objective 5 – restrict access to means of suicide, particularly for people known to be self-harming or vulnerable to suicidal thoughts; Objective 6 – ensure the provision of effective and timely information and support for individuals and families bereaved by suicide; Objective 7 – provide effective support for “self-care” for voluntary, community and statutory staff providing suicide prevention services; Objective 8 – enhance responsible media reporting on suicide Objective 9 – identify emerging suicide clusters and act promptly to reduce the risk of further associated suicides in the community The core principles from the strategy that are applied to these protocols are: Actions should be evidence based, where possible There should be effective partnership/collaboration with public and private sector organisations, academia, professional bodies, and voluntary and community agencies. There should be cross-sectoral, cross departmental and cross jurisdictional collaboration
8 2.0 Primary Purpose of the Interagency Protocols These protocols are designed to provide clarity of direction and responsibility in terms of supporting those local agencies that have been directly engaged in or supported a search and recovery process on the river Foyle for a missing person in the water.
It is important to note that these protocols do not relate to a rescue operation on the river Foyle. A rescue operation is normally co-ordinated from the statutory sector by PSNI and NIFRS and supported from the non-statutory side by FSR. The protocols for addressing the initial rescue operation are covered by the National Operational Guidelines Programme, this guidance consists of three main areas – searching for casualties, extrication of casualties and casualty care. The search and extrication incorporates incidents in the built environment, open environment and all forms of transport. This includes rescue of casualties from both fire and non-fire incidents and is therefore applicable to water based rescues and recoveries.
These protocols would usually only be activated when an individual has been deemed as “missing” in the water, 90 minutes after that individual has been reported as entering the river. However, given the unique character of the River Foyle, the risk of inappropriate information or rumour being circulated on social media, the PSNI along with other key agencies involved in the initial rescue operation can make a determination to activate the protocols, sooner if necessary. This is covered further in section 3 of the protocols.
2.1 Defining Roles
In terms of roles and responsibilities for a search and recovery operation there are a number of clear functional roles in the process, and they are: Actively Involved in the search and recovery operation – e.g. Police (PSNI), Foyle Search and Rescue (FSR) City Centre Initiative (CCTV) etc. Direct Support to the operation as appropriate – e.g. NI Fire & Rescue (NIFRS), Londonderry Harbour Commission, Loughs Agency (LA), Ambulance Service (NIAS) etc. Actively Supporting the operation as part of the general suicide prevention activities or in the event of a Community Response Plan (CRP) being activated – e.g., Western Trust, (WHSCT), Public Health Agency (PHA), City Centre Initiative (CCI), etc. General Supporting the operation as and when required e.g. media outlets, clergy, elected representatives, Derry City & Strabane District Council (DCSDC), Community & Voluntary Representatives (C&V), University of Ulster (UU), Lifeline Service, Civil Aviation Authority, HSE, An Garda Síochána etc.
The role of “Actively Involved” and “Direct Support” are interchangeable depending on the activity on going on the river. For example, if an individual gets into difficulty while undertaking a search operation then one of the designated “Direct Support”
9 organisations may become “Actively Involved”. Likewise, the “Actively Supporting” and “General Supporting” organisations may also be transposable, depending on the specific circumstances around the ongoing search operation and the wider context in terms of the city and district at that time of the search and recovery operation.
There is an additional dimension to these protocols in terms of cross-border collaboration. Given the geographic location of the river, the history of lives been lost from people who live on both sides of the border and the fact that the actual search and recovery operation takes place on the full expanse of the Foyle there is the requirement to ensure that HSE and the An Garda Síochána are part of the delivery of these protocols.
The role of partners from the Republic of Ireland will be significantly more complex and will be dependent on the nature of the search and recovery process. Nonetheless, it will add value to these protocols if the key agencies are aware of the processes so that any actions they may be asked to support will complement this agreement.
2.2 Aims and Objectives
The overall aim of these protocols is about how various agencies collaborate in the interest of public safety and in particular saving lives. Therefore the primary aims of these protocols are to:
a) reduce the risk of contagion of suicidal behaviour and associated deaths; b) protect the wellbeing of those involved; c) facilitate any search process and recovery operation; d) ensure the timely and accurate exchange of information to inform any potential CRP process; e) create clear communication lines during a CRP activation so as to facilitate an appropriate response to any emerging issues. f) ensure appropriate means of communicating within organisations.
It is also anticipated that the existence of these protocols will contribute to:
Bringing together a breadth of knowledge and experience from different professional backgrounds and area of expertise that will provide an informed focus on developing solutions for specific problems along the river and its infrastructure. Ensuring the involvement of key people in a sufficiently senior position within their respective organisation who can contribute in a sensitive and candid manner to seeking solutions and improvements Creating an environment for the development, maintenance and exchange of data and intelligence around incidents on the river and its infrastructure Building a civic commitment from all partner organisations to address public safety on the river
10 Forming an appreciation of each other’s role, function, capacity and build an environment of mutual respect and understanding between agencies Supporting emerging proposals on the use of the river as part of the “Our Future Foyle” initiative.
2.3 Core Principles to the Protocols
The principles and values that define the way in which each agency operates may not be fully shared by other partners. Therefore, it is important in developing protocols to ensure that the principles which underpin each service are addressed and that there is agreement on common principles that can be shared by all partners.
The guiding principles upon which these protocols are developed are based on:
Access: Access and entry procedures to support services should be flexible enough to address the presenting needs of the clients that have been affected by the suicide or who are themselves at risk of self-harm, suicide or harm to others. This may include clients with multiple support needs that cut across a number of partner agencies.
Choice: Families and loved ones have the right to make their own choices in relation to their needs and to define when the time is right time for them to access support. In a complex situation such as the search for a missing person, their loved ones may have difficulty in coming to terms with the fact that the death is a suspected suicide, therefore care is needed in providing or signposting appropriate support.
Assessment: This will be a distressing time for those affected by the death and there is a risk of duplication of common components of assessment processes. Where possible, agencies should seek to minimise the requirement for families/loved ones to be given information, that may cause unnecessary distress or be exposed to distressing experiences. This will require that partners respect the professionalism of other workers, both statutory and non-statutory, in terms of providing support and/or clinical care.
Co-ordination of Support: With the informed consent of the family/loved ones, support services should be provided in a coordinated manner by a range of service providers in and between different settings (communities/schools etc.). Of particular reference here will be support to the wider community affected by the search operation, or those close to the missing person through social and community networks. This co-ordination also refers to the management of media and public concerns in respect of a search operation
Exiting Planning: It is important that the exit from one or more services occurs in a coordinated and collaborative manner with maximum client input. Exclusion practices of one agency should be considerate of the potential to place excessive unplanned demands on another agency. Therefore good
11 communication throughout the process is critical to ensure clarity of care and support.
Monitoring and Evaluation: It is important that the partner agencies monitor their performance relating to agreements set out in these protocols. This would include internal monitoring of procedures and practices, service user feedback and consultation with the other relevant parties to the protocols. The information gathered should be used to further improve practice and processes that will enhance the quality of services to families and communities in the future.
12 3.0 Timeframe for Activation of Protocols and Information Sharing The ultimate aim is that these protocols should never be activated, that every conceivable effort is made to rescue an individual that enters the water. In order to achieve this goal it is critical that all potential authorised support is mobilised in as short a timeframe as possible. This will maximise the best possible outcome for the individual and enhance the collaboration currently operational on the river. However, given the nature of the river Foyle and potential activity on social media then the PSNI, in consultation with support partners, should review the situation initially after 30 minutes and then again after 60 minutes to determine if the protocols should be activated sooner than the 90 minute guideline.. This variance in review procedures will provide for greater flexibility and ensure that agencies can be more reactive to emerging issues.
3.1 Information Sharing As part of the protocol, PSNI should notify the key agencies identified in Appendix 2 that the search and recovery process has formally commenced. This will allow the identified agencies to consider the facts in the situation and give due consideration to the appropriate next steps. The number of agencies involved in this level of information sharing is relatively small; the focus at this early stage is about ensuring the family are supported and surveillance for media coverage and potential contagion and associated suicide acts can be activated in a timely and efficient manner. In order to support and consider the next stage of the process and appropriate action, PSNI should provide the agencies with any relevant known information about the situation, namely: Name of the individual Age Gender Time entered the water Location they entered the water Address of residency Any known connection to a previous death by suicide Any known factor that could trigger community concerns/media interest If/when the family would be informed The above information will be managed by each of the organisations in line with the Data Protection Act and the statutory duty to safeguard vulnerable individuals. The sharing of this information is in line with the Caldicott principles. These principles (which primarily relate to health and social care) are reflected in the Data Protection Act and are useful to other sectors: Justify the purpose(s). Do not use personal/confidential data unless it is absolutely necessary.
13 Use the minimum personal confidential data necessary for purpose. Access to personal confidential data should be on a strict need-to-know basis. Everyone with access to personal confidential data should be aware of their responsibilities. Comply with the law. The duty to share information can be as important as the duty to protect patient confidentiality. If the individual is known to be a resident of the United Kingdom then PSNI will undertake to work with their colleagues in the relevant district to exchange the necessary information and liaise with the family, which will include making them aware of the protocols and local working arrangements. Where the individual is known to be resident of the Republic of Ireland, PSNI will undertake to work with their colleagues in the AGS to exchange the necessary information and advice about the existence of these protocols. The HSE will undertake to provide any guidance or appropriate support to the family and local community in the Republic of Ireland. In a case where the family members or community affected are on both sides of the border, then the WHSCT/PHA will collaborate with HSE to ensure that all relevant information is exchanged and that those affected are given or signposted to the appropriate support. If circumstances exist which may require joint activities, the relevant agencies will collaborate to ensure that services are delivered as appropriate.
14 4.0 Co-ordination of Roles It is critical that the formal search and recovery process is led by PSNI and with the direct support of FSR. This leadership role should be clarified from the outset with the family, the affected community and any other agencies appointed by PSNI to assist in the process. It is the responsibility of other partners in this process to facilitate the work of the PSNI/FSR operation and ensure that these protocols are implemented in a timely manner. Therefore, it is important that senior management in all agencies are aware of the protocols and informed as soon as they have been activated. Likewise, it is important that frontline staff in each organisation is familiar with the protocols and aware of their duty to support their implementation. Once the protocols have been activated it is important that the appropriate Emergency Control or Duty Room have been informed within each organisation. Communications/PR teams should also be made aware that the protocols have been activated. It should be noted that these protocols have been specifically developed for routine search and rescue operations for a suspected suicide in the River Foyle and are therefore different from a Community Response Plan as outlined in 4.1. 4.1 Co-ordination and CRP A CRP will not normally be activated in routine incidents when an individual is missing in the river, unless the circumstances meet the CRP criteria as set out below: 1. How an individual is perceived within the community 2. Potential for media interest 3. Unusual circumstances surrounding death 4. Perception by the community that there has been a rise in deaths by suicide over relatively short time period in a given community. 5. Statistics identify that a cluster may be emerging. This can be identified through the formal reporting mechanism of the SD1 (sudden death) process and community awareness. Although a CRP may not be formally activated that does not preclude the implementation or commitment to the protocols. Throughout a search and recovery operation the WHSCT and PHA will keep the situation under regular review and can activate the CRP at any time during the operation, should the circumstances warrant such an approach in line with the above criteria. If it is deemed necessary that a CRP is activated. the co-ordination roles outlined in Appendix 2 are equally committed to the delivery of these protocols. The general protocols do not require partners to formally meet during the search and recovery process, although there is provision for ad-hoc meetings if the situation
15 requires it. However, if a CRP is activated then there is the requirement for formal meetings and the adherence to these protocols can become part of that agenda if deemed appropriate by the chairperson of the CRP. The primary objectives in the activation of a CRP are specifically to address the risk of contagion or associated deaths from suicide or clustering effects and are therefore complementary to these protocols. A copy of the full CRP process is in Appendix 3.
5.0 Family Support It is critical that there is clarity of communication and contact with the family from the initial contact through to post recovery support. This will ensure that the family are supported through the process, kept informed about developments and reduce the risk of possible actions which could be deemed as detrimental to the search operation or put other individuals at risk. Where the missing person resides in the Republic of Ireland the first point of contact will be the AGS, working in collaboration with PSNI. In respect of engagement of FSR in a follow up visit this would be the recommended approach but would have to be co-ordinated with the local AGS and FSR, however, it is suggested a similar approach as outline below should be considered. 5.1 First Contact Upon notification to the family by the Police Family Liaison Officer (FLO) that a search for the missing person has commenced, the family should in the first instance be given the contact details of the WHSCT Family Liaison Service (Appendix 4, para 7.0). The FLO should inform the family that: There are agreed interagency protocols for addressing the issue of a missing person on the river; That the search would be led by PSNI and supported by FSR. If other agencies were required to assist in the actual search operation they would be directly appointed by PSNI; That there would be a follow up visit within 8 hours and that the FLO would be accompanied by a representative from FSR – with the consent of the family. A copy of an information support leaflet should be given to the family, Appendix 4 5.2 Joint Meeting with FLO and FSR Within 8 hours of the family being notified of the search operation having been activated the family should be visited again by the FLO and, with the consent of the family, they would be accompanied by a volunteer from FSR. The purpose of this joint visit will be to help clarify the search activities and demonstrate that a range of agencies are collaborating on the process. It will also be an opportunity to enlist the family support for the formal process. In the event that the family do not want a
16 representative from FSR present, then the FLO should ensure that the messages summarised below are given to the family. The key messages for this joint meeting are: Everything that can be done to search for their loved one is being done through best collaborative efforts. Given the knowledge and experience of the river that they the family should collaborate directly with FSR throughout the search and recovery process; That there are serious risks to public safety in the convening of public gatherings on or near the river, and if the family require access to a venue to bring people together then the local agencies will work with them to facilitate a safe and appropriate venue; The unauthorised search operations are both a risk to public safety and will impede the work of the official search and recovery operation. It also heightens the risk of contagion suicidal behaviour especially in close proximity to where the missing person entered the water, e.g. the bridges and river banks; That the presence of memorials increases the risk of further suicidal behaviour and tends to attract the attention of vulnerable individuals. If such memorials are erected, the family will be approached by PSNI and asked to have the memorials removed in the interest of public safety; Outline the process that will be undertaken in terms of the body recovery. That support is available for the family during this distressing time. In relation to dealing with press queries and social media see section 6.0 The family should also be given the telephone of the Lifeline Crisis Service 0808 808 8000 (free to call 24/7) and encouraged to share the contact details with other family members and close associates of the missing person. The FLO will be the appointed key contact person with a nominated family representative in order to advise and direct them in terms of progress, planned searches, engagement and health and safety etc. In the event that a family insists that they wish to establish their own search process, then they can be advised that it will not be endorsed or supported by any of the agencies however, in the interest of public safety they will be given a copy of FSR Safety Guidelines for searches and advised that they would be undertaking such searches at their own risk, see Appendix 5. 5.3 Continuous Vigilance of Vulnerable People Throughout a search and recovery process should any agency become aware of any vulnerable family members or individual associated with the missing person they should alert the appropriate services as per the list in Appendix 2. It is normal that those associated with the missing person would experience emotional pain and demonstrate signs of distress, however, it is important to check with the person how they are feeling. In particular, if they are withdrawn, demonstrating extreme sadness, hopelessness, negative comments about
17 themselves, talking about going away, putting personal affairs in order etc., a copy of ’Concerned About Suicide’ is available which contains information on what should be said to help someone in this situation. In the first instance if an individual is identified as being a person of concern they should be given the Lifeline Crisis Response number, 0808 808 8000, or a telephone call can be made directly into the service on their behalf. Irrespective the appropriate agency should be alerted so that support can be provided in a timely and appropriate manner. The individual should also be encouraged to speak to their GP as soon as possible. 6.0 Media As this is a search and recovery operation all responses to media queries need to be co-ordinated through PSNI. In cases of suspected suicide or undetermined intent the Samaritans’ Media Guidance for the discussion and reporting of suicide 1 should be applied. The key messages from the guidelines are: Think about the impact of the coverage on your audience Exercise caution when referring to the methods and context of the death Avoid over simplification Avoid melodramatic descriptors of the death and/or its aftermath Aim for non-sensualisation sensitive coverage Consider careful the placement and illustration of media reports Educate and Inform The media guidelines should be applied in all media interaction and correspondence relating to the details of the incident and any related searches, by all the organisations involved. These guidelines cover the process from search through to recovery. 6.1 Media Queries All messaging in respect of the search process should acknowledge that a number of agencies are working with the family in the recovery process and that if anyone is affected by the situation or in crisis they should contact the Lifeline Crisis Service and include details of on signposting to other local services. The FLO should advise the family about the caution needed in giving media interviews. In the first instance this is to help protect their own wellbeing but also to help prevent coverage that could lead to further suicidal behaviour and associated deaths from suicide. Queries relating to the incident and related searches or other activities preferably should be redirected to the PSNI. Any planned statement to be issued should be shared in advance with the key agencies identified in Appendix 2. It is the responsibility of the nominated person to raise the media statement within their own Communications/PR team for sign-off. If a CRP is activated then nominated spokesperson/body as defined in Appendix 2 should address any queries in relation to the wider context of community support.
1 http://www.samaritans.org/media-centre/media-guidelines-reporting-suicide
18 If any agency is planning any positive proactive media messaging during the search and recovery process, the information should be shared in advance with the key partners. Any proactive messaging should encourage help seeking behaviour and one that signposts individuals to the appropriate help. Ideally agencies should seek to co-ordinate any proactive media messaging that they are planning with other partners in the process. 6.2 Social Media The families should also be alerted to the risks of raising community concerns through posting blogs or commentary on social media. There is also a potential liability associated with the safety and wellbeing of individuals who respond to a call for volunteers on a social media site, the administrator for the social media site can be legally held to account should there be any mishap to an individual that responds to the request for volunteers. Social networking users do not enjoy any of the immunity granted to social networking sites under the law, and the family need to be reminded that they need to careful to always act appropriately when posting messages or files to the sites. The chief areas of concern are through the posting of defamatory content or content that infringes on intellectual property rights. Organisations that sign up to these protocols must not endorse or comment on any blog posted on social media that relates to the search and recovery process. No details of the search and recovery process should be posted on any personal or community based social media sites, other than the numbers of where individuals can seek help if required. 6.3 Media and Elected Representatives Elected representatives play a vital role in the search and recovery process in terms of supporting the family and community as well as promoting appropriate messages about support and signposting. Elected representatives should refer any media enquiries to the Council/MLA Press Officer, who in turn will liaise with the PSNI. The Samaritans guidelines are critical in any response and elected representatives need to be mindful of the wider search and recovery process underway.
19 7.0 Sharing Search Operation Information There are already defined search operational procedures agreed between PSNI and FSR in respect of the approach taken to the search operation. This includes the timing and locations of the searches to take place. FSR should share the planned search operations timetable with the key agencies in Appendix 3 so that they are aware of the process. This will assist those agencies in advising any other support organisations that have been engaged in the process of when they should be co-ordaining diversionary or information activities. Agencies that sign up to this process are committed to supporting the official search operation only and no action should be taken that can be considered as supporting an unofficial search operation. Should the family or any other group decide to initiate their own search operation then they should be referred to the public safety guidelines in Appendix 4 but advised that that they are potentially putting other people at risk and interfering in the official search process. Where a search operation extends to the Republic of Ireland it is recommended that a similar approach is adopted and that authorities work closely with those in Northern Ireland to ensure consistency of management and support. 7.1 Management of Community Concerns It is important that throughout a search and recovery process that the operational activities can be delivered unhindered and in a co-ordinated manner. This is necessary to ensure that there are no related suicides attempts, heightened community concern, protecting public safety and ensuring that positive messages for help seeking behaviour can be shared. This requires the engagement of agencies who are committed to these protocols and those who have been impacted by the search directly or indirectly. In line with best practice and evidence the following should be discouraged Inappropriate media coverage as outlined in section 6. Whereas this will be monitored by the PHA, there are challenges in respect of the broadcast media, including that in the Republic of Ireland. Therefore all partners are asked to be vigilant throughout the search and recovery process and alert the PHA to any concerns identified. Erection of memorials for the missing person. Evidence demonstrates that the erection of memorials at the scene where an individual has taken their own life by suicide increases the risk of triggering copycat attempts/deaths. For vulnerable people the memorial can be seen as an indicator of a location to where they can go to take their own lives. A memorial can take the form of flowers at the point where the individual entered the water, posters highlighting the missing person, establishment of gathering points in the person’s name and so forth. If a memorial is erected on public property without permission then it should be remembered that authorities have the right to remove the memorial. Where a memorial is erected, and there are
20 concerns about further risks of suicide or public safety initially the family should be asked to remove the memorial and advised if they refuse that it will then be removed by the relevant authorities. Avoid public gatherings at or near the point of entry to the river. It is natural for the family to want to go to the point of entry and to start any search operation from that point. Where possible, this should be discouraged or minimised in terms of the numbers involved. As regards other public gatherings such as wider community searches, vigils, protests, meetings and so forth, these should be held well away from the point of entry. Organisers should be made aware of the risks involved and encourage that in the interest of avoiding further associated deaths by suicide,, raising awareness of suicide high risk areas and public safety, then their gatherings should take place at a more suitable location away from the river. Council and other partners can work with organisers to advise about more suitable alternatives. Inappropriate searches that will distract community safety surveillance. During a time of heightened anxiety around the river, it is critical that there is enhanced surveillance of the river through CCTV. Operators are trained to monitor people on the bridges and walkways and react to anyone who appears distressed or in trouble. Where there is an unauthorised search and individuals involved do not follow public safety advice, there is a danger that they could distract CCTV Operators and this could result in individuals who are at risk being overlooked in the process, thereby increasing the risk of further loss of life. Discourage unauthorised grappling on the river bed. The natural flow of the Foyle tends to bring missing bodies to the surface within a 6-8 week period, this has been the case in over 130 recoveries that have taken place on the river. Grappling runs the risk of displacing the body and either causing it to disintegrate in the river or be pushed further up-stream and out to sea, in such cases it becomes highly unlikely that the body will ever be recovered. Grappling is also environmentally inappropriate and can damage the river bed and the natural ecosystem. Discourage the unauthorised use of drones. Whereas drones can be useful in viewing difficult to reach places, it is important that only licenced and authorised drones are used in any search and recovery operation. Unauthorised drones can interfere with helicopter searches and there is also a public safety risk for the user if they are not familiar with the Foyle It is acknowledged that in respect of some of the above recommendations authorities have limited control. However, it is critical that the family and community are made aware of the issues and the rationale behind the advice given in such difficult circumstances.
21 8.0 Body Recovery Process There are already agreed procedures for the management of a body recovery and the role of each organisation in that process. The FLO will have advised the family of the planned processes in advance of the body being recovered. The FLO and Trust Liaison Services will provide the necessary support throughout the process to family as and when required. Once the body has been recovered all those involved should adhere to the best practice as deployed by PSNI/FSR. As soon as it is reasonably practical the PSNI should inform the key partners as outlined in Appendix 2, that a body has been recovered and this in turn should trigger all appropriate support processes for those involved. This support would include the sharing of information with the WHSCT based Family Liaison Service, the Lifeline number and any other agreed actions that evolved over the search and recovery period. Family and community representatives should be discouraged from actively participating in the recovery process and leave this to PSNI and FSR to complete. Those individuals who have actively participated in the search operation should be given the Lifeline Crisis Response number to ring should they require any support or assistance as a result of the distress they have experienced. As part of the body recovery process there should be on-going communications with the undertaker and the clergy as appropriate. Information on support services should also be made available as should a copy of the Flourish manual which has been designed for the clergy. Where the deceased individual resides in the Republic of Ireland, the relevant agencies should collaborate to ensure that the appropriate information is shared and any necessary support for those affected by the death can be provided in a timely and appropriate manner.
22 9.0 Surveillance of the River throughout a Search and Recovery Operation During any search and recovery process those agencies which undertake regular monitoring of the river banks and its infrastructure, should seek to heighten their surveillance process and in particular in key risk areas. Surveillance will include CCTV monitoring as well as physical monitoring of the river and its banks. The surveillance reports should be monitored daily and any increase in activity should be reported to the PHA as a matter of urgency. An agreed format for the reporting of incidents will be developed in collaboration between PSNI, FSR, CCI, PHA and WHSCT. The format will be designed to ensure that vulnerable individuals can be provided with appropriate support and that there can be a more accurate recording of incidents to ensure the surveillance process is accurate and informative. No direct identifiable data will be exchanged outside of current legal guidelines. The PHA will analysis emerging data and share with the WHSCT for consideration if any further action would be appropriate. Any individual that has required a direct intervention due to the level of risk taking behaviour should be referred immediately to the Emergency Department. Other individuals considered to be at lower risk should be given the Lifeline Crisis Number and encouraged to ring the service for support. A call can be made on behalf of the individual to the Lifeline service if required. In the event of an increase in people at risk being identified, key agencies should consider public information messages to be issued immediately. Those messages should focus on public safety issues and encourage help seeking behaviour with a list of agreed support numbers. It is critical that all partners practice self-care for themselves and their colleagues involved in the CRP process. Individuals who have been distressed by the process should be referred to support immediately. Whereas each agency is responsible for the provision of their own self-care arrangements, where the opportunity arises, consideration can be given to collaborate on this issue.
23 10.0 Review of Effectiveness and Appropriateness of the Protocols It is important that these protocols are fit for purpose and reviewed on a regularly basis, a living document to be informed by experience. As part of any activation of a CRP as a result of a death on the river or from its infrastructure the protocols will be reviewed as part of any de-activation review process. However, in order to ensure that the protocols remain relevant there should be a meeting once a year as a minimum to review the protocols in the light of experience or other changes. This process will also help ensure the sustainability of the protocols. In addition in the event of any changes to personnel or re-organisation of an agency signatory to the protocols, then there will continue to be clarity of purpose in the future. The annual review meeting should be held on the first Monday in June each year and should be facilitated by the Public Health Agency in the first instance. It is important that there is a follow-up process with feedback to all partners. In the event of no deaths on the river, consideration should be given to testing the model on an annual basis so that the communication and response times can be reviewed in terms of ensuring they are fit for purpose.
24 Flowchart Timeframe Determination Action
30-60 mins Search & recovery following individual missing to the river after 30-60 Constantly review situation after individual has entered the water PSNI FLO will liaise with family & pass on contact number for Trust’s FLO - refer to Appendix 4 Information leaflet issued to PSNI FLO to discuss with family
90 mins After 90 mins becomes a rescue operation PSNI continually review and engage other support partners as necessary PSNI inform key agencies with support from FST that and a search & recovery process has commenced Issue Lifeline card/number to family and vulnerable individuals PSNI provide agencies with relevant information If family consist on carrying out their own search they must be advised that it will not be endorsed/supported by any of the other agencies
8 hours Follow-up visit to family by PSNI FLO and/or FSR (with family consent) Joint meeting with PSNI FLO and/or FSR + WH&SCT Family Liaison Officer Liaise with HSE colleagues if necessary Inform Emergency On call Duty Room/Communications/PR Teams that protocols have been activated Activate Community Response Plan (if agreed) as per criteria Appendix 3
24 – 48 hours Support/Signposting etc Identify and support vulnerable individuals Ongoing during Liaise with relevant agencies as and when re appropriate support/referral etc search operations Council representative to brief elected representatives PSNI/WH&SCT FLO/FSR issue where necessary ‘Concerned About Suicide’ leaflet
24 – 48 hours Media Enquiries/Social Media Media enquiries – coordinate by the PSNI, from search to recovery – adhere to Samaritan Guidelines Ongoing during https://www.samaritans.org/media-centre/media-guidelines-reporting-suicide PSNI FLO advise family re being approached for media interviews in order to protect their well-being and search operation prevent contagion. Family should be alerted to risk of raising community concerns through postings/blogs/social media If any planned statement is to be issued this should be shared with key agencies in advance – Appendix 2
Ongoing During search operation – Activation of Community Response Plan FSR share timetable of search operation – Appendix 3 FSR issue advice on unauthorised search operations – Appendix 4 If search extends to RoI a similar approach should be adopted Selfcare of individuals throughout CRP process
25 Ongoing Management of Community Concerns Co-ordinate operation activities to avoid risk of contagion, protect public Safety and ensure positive messaging/Discourage inappropriate media covering memorials, public gatherings, inappropriate searching, discourage grappling Elected representatives should refer media enquiries to Council/MLA Press Office Elective representative play a vital role in supporting family/community and promoting positive messages
Body Recovery PSNI FLO/FSR advise family of process PSNI FLO and Trust FLO provide necessary support to family PSNI advise key partners of body recovery Continue communication with clergy/undertaker if required Issue copy of Flourish Manual for Clergy If deceased resided in RoI, collaborate re sharing of information for support
Surveillance of river throughout search and recovery operation Heightened surveillance in key risk areas Individuals reported to Data Collection Group for onward support etc Review protocols regularly
26 Appendix 1
Protect Life 2 Draft Objectives
Protect Life 2 will seek to build on what has been achieved through the previous Strategy whilst taking action to address those areas where gaps have been identified or further improvements deemed necessary. Ten objectives, focussing on priority areas and risk factors, have been identified for the Strategy.
Objective 1 – Fewer people who are in contact with mental health services die by suicide.
28%2 of people who died by suicide in the north of Ireland were known to mental health services and 50% had been taking medicine for mental illness. Where people at high risk of suicide are known to services, there is an opportunity to reduce that risk and improve patient safety.
Objective 2 – Reduce the incidence of repeat self-harm presentation to hospital emergency departments.
Repeat self-harm is the major risk factor for suicide. Presentation at hospital Emergency departments due to self-harm provides an opportunity to act quickly and link those at risk with services.
Objective 3 – Improve the understanding and identification of suicidal and self- harming behaviour, awareness of self-harm and suicide prevention services and the uptake of these services by people who need them.
Stigma related to suicide remains a major obstacle to suicide prevention efforts. It isolates and may prevent people from seeking help, even though they are in distress. Better understanding of the issues should help reduce stigma and encourage help- seeking behaviour. It should also increase the likelihood of early recognition of suicidal behaviour and suicide risk, thereby improving the chances of early intervention for more people.
Low levels of engagement with mental health services by those who have died by suicide is a cause for concern. This is particularly true for men and probably reflects a reluctance to disclose mental health difficulties. This further highlights the need to raise public awareness of mental health, address stigma around disclosure of suicidal feelings, and encourage help-seeking.
Objective 4 – Enhance the initial response to, and care and recovery of, people who are experiencing suicidal behaviour and to those who self-harm.
2 http://research.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/cmhs/research/centreforsuicideprevention/nci/reports/NCISHReport2 015bookmarked2.pdf
27 Those who are the first point of contact need to have the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to deliver compassionate and supportive care. Suicide rates in Scotland have been declining; those responsible for the Scottish Choose Life Strategy attribute the achievement of a target of training 50% of first responders and healthcare staff as an important contributory factor for this outcome.
Objective 5 – Restrict access to the means of suicide, particularly for people known to be self-harming or vulnerable to suicidal thoughts.
Reducing access to the means of attempting suicide is a particularly effective prevention intervention because some people make a suicide attempt impulsively in direct response to a personal (and sometimes short term) crisis. The presence of alcohol, particularly alcohol intoxication, increases impulsivity and may create temporary depression. If lethal means are not available or if the person survives the attempt, suicidal thoughts may pass or there may be time to intervene in other ways or to seek help.
Given that most suicide attempts take place in or near the home and that the most commonly used means are easily accessible, it is recognised that the potential for restricting access to means in all cases is limited. Nevertheless, it is important to be vigilant and to restrict access to means where possible.
Restricting access to means also covers media reporting of suicide which should avoid reporting excessive detail about the methods of suicide.
Objectives for Postvention Support
Objective 6 – Ensure the provision of effective and timely information and support for individuals and families bereaved by suicide.
Losing a loved one to suicide is one of life's most painful experiences. The feelings of loss, sadness, and loneliness experienced after any death of a loved one are often magnified in suicide survivors by feelings of guilt, confusion, rejection, shame, anger, and the effects of stigma and trauma. Families and friends bereaved by suicide are at greater risk of depression and future suicidal behaviour and often require specific supportive measures and targeted treatment to cope with their loss. It is estimated that around six people are intensely affected by every suicide death and a further 60 people are deeply affected. On this basis, an estimated 42,000 people in the north of Ireland have been intensely affected by suicide since 1970 and around 10% of the population have been profoundly affected by suicide.
Objective 7 – Provide effective support for ‘self-care’ for voluntary, community, and statutory sector staff providing suicide prevention services.
Patient, client or parishioner suicide is very distressing for those who have been supporting the individual on a professional/vocational basis. It can exact a heavy toll on their personal wellbeing and professional confidence. Self-care complements suicide prevention services, and there is a need to consider mechanisms for better
28 psychological and professional support for those who experience suicide as part of their professional or voluntary practice.
Objective 8 – Enhance responsible media reporting on suicide.
Appropriate media reporting of suicide can make a positive contribution to public understanding of suicide, and to the promotion of help-seeking behaviour and suicide prevention. Inappropriate media reporting causes considerable stress and trauma to those bereaved by suicide and can lead to ‘copycat’ behaviour, especially among young people and those already at risk.
Objective 9 – Identify emerging suicide clusters and act promptly to reduce the risk of further associated suicides in the community.
There is a risk of ‘copycat’ suicides, particularly among young people, when a member of a community dies by suicide.
Objective 10 – Strengthen the local evidence base on suicide patterns, trends and risks, and on effective interventions to prevent suicide and self-harm.
The epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behaviour changes needs to be monitored to understand the drivers for suicide and self-harm, and to identify the most at risk groups and individuals. This in turn informs preventative measures and where /at whom these should be targeted. In essence, suicide and self-harm requires ongoing analysis and research.
29 Appendix 2
Interim Immediate Contact Details for Search and Recovery Process on the River Foyle
Name Organisation Contact Details
Stephen Twells Foyle, Search & [email protected] Rescue Work: 02871260602 Mobile: 07962117111 Seamus Derry City & [email protected] Donaghy Strabane District 02871253253 Council Out of Hours: 07824469500 On call Duty Public Health Health Protection Duty Room Officer Agency (In-hours – 9-5 Mon – Fri 02890553994/7_
On-call Health Protection (Out-Hours outside office hours via NIAS 02890404045 Amanda Western Health [email protected] McFadden & Social Care Work: 02871865204 Trust Mobile: 07919093431 Jim Roddy City Centre [email protected] Initiative Work: 028 7136 0169 Mobile 07711238212 Paul McCracken PSNI Paul McCracken [email protected] Out of Hours 007825013446 Regional Control Northern Ireland 02892662061 – 24 hour contact (This is Centre Duty Fire and Rescue not a public no so please do not circulate Officer Service beyond this document
Sharon Lough’s Agency [email protected] McMahon 028 71342100
30 aAppendix Appendix 1 APPENDIX 3 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY RESPONSE PLAN FOR DERRY CITY & STRABANE DISTRICT OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY RESPONSE PLAN FOR DERRY CITY AND STRABANE DISTRICT COUNCIL COUNCIL
Overview of the Community Response Plan
The Local Co-ordinating Committee is made up of Senior cross sector managers/directors from WH&SCT, PHA, PSNI, Foyle, Search & Rescue, City Centre Initiative
Appendix 4
INSERT UPDATED SD1 FORM
31 Appendix 4 Guidance Information Search and Recovery Operations on the River Foyle Support Leaflet issued by assigned PSNI FLO to families
1.0 Introduction It is appreciated that this is a difficult and challenging time for you, your family and the local community. It is important that you are given as much support and reassurance at this time to help you through the search process, during the recovery operation and after your loved one has been laid to rest. The primary point of contact at all times will be the PSNI Family Liaison Officer (FLO), ______(name and no to be inserted once assigned by PSNI). The PSNI FLO will share the contact details of the Western Health & Social Care Trust, Family Liaison Officer, Fidelis Simpson who can be contacted on: 07841569000. However, please be assured that there are a number of other agencies working together to support the search and recovery operation but also providing support in the longer term for as and when you need it. This information leaflet is to provide you with an overarching outline of the process for your information. 2.0 Rescue Attempt and Search Process When your loved one has entered the water the first process activated is a rescue response, every effort would have been made to locate your love one and provide immediate support. However, once the rescue operation has been active for at least 60 minutes and no one has been rescued the operation unfortunately moves to what is known as a “search and recovery operation”. There are agreed interagency protocols for addressing the issue of a missing person in the river. Key to these arrangements is that the search operation will be led by PSNI and supported by Foyle Search and Rescue (FSR). If any other agencies are required to assist in the actual search operation they would be directly appointed by PSNI. Throughout the search operation it is important that we maintain close contact with a key family representative. As part of this process the PSNI will be happy to facilitate a joint meeting with a representative from FSR. FSR will help outline the process in more detail and arrange for regular updates with the family while the search is active.
FSR are supporting the PSNI operation given their extensive knowledge and experience of the river Foyle. FSR have also extensive practice of working directly with families who have been at the centre of a search operation and therefore it is critical the family work with FSR throughout the search and recovery process. 3.0 Public Safety and Risk of Contagion or Associated Deaths by Suicide
Whereas it is acknowledged that this is an extremely difficult time the family and relatives will want to do all that they can to help find their loved one. However, it is important that the safety of the family and the wider public is also protected at all times during this search process.
There are potentially serious risks to public safety in the convening of any public gatherings on or near the river. If the family require access to a venue to bring people together then the local agencies will work with them to facilitate a safe and appropriate venue.
The running of unauthorised search operations is both a risk to public safety and will potentially impede the work of the official search and recovery operation. The high visibly of such search operations also heightens the risk of copycat suicidal behaviour especially in close proximity to where the missing person entered the water, e.g. the bridges and river banks. Extremely vulnerable individuals are usually attracted to such gatherings and to places associated with the loss of an individual. Please note that statutory authorities cannot endorse or support unauthorised searches but if relatives insist in doing their own search then FSR will issue the family, without prejudice, with safety guidelines which must adhered to.
A part of the loss process relatives tend to want to erected a notice or recognition of their loved one but it should be noted that it has been proven that the presence of memorials increases the risk of further suicidal behaviour and tends to attract the attention of extremely vulnerable individuals. If such memorials are erected in the interest of public safety the family will be approached by PSNI and asked to have the memorial removed. If a memorial is erected on public property without permission then it should be remembered that authorities have the right to remove the memorial without anyone else’s consent. Where a memorial is erected, and there are concerns about further risks of suicide or public safety initially the family should be asked to remove the memorial and advised if they refuse it would then be removed by the relevant authorities.
4.0 Media Queries
Search and recovery operations on the river tend to attract a lot of media coverage. It is important that in order to protect the family and avoid inappropriate reporting that all queries need to be co-ordinated through PSNI. In cases of suspected suicide, or undetermined intent the Samaritans’ Media Guidance for the discussion and reporting of suicide 3 should be adhered to.
Relatives need to take care of information which is posted on social media. There is a high risk of vulnerable individuals attaching themselves to family members through
3 http://www.samaritans.org/media-centre/media-guidelines-reporting-suicide 32 social media and potential adding to the family’s distress. Likewise there is tendency for inaccurate information being passed on social media, which cannot be managed and can add to the stress of the situation.
5.0 Recovery Process If a body is recovered from the water the PSNI and FSR will follow agreed established protocols which will insure that the family are kept fully informed on developments and the formal identification process can commence. The FLO will be the key point of contact throughout this process. Family and community representatives should be discouraged from actively participating in the recovery process and leave this to the PSNI and FSR to complete 6.0 Self-Care This will be an extremely stress and distressing time for all the family and it is important that everyone looks after their own wellbeing throughout this process. It is equally important that you look out for one another and support each other through the process. If you require support you should contact your GP immediately. If you are any of your relatives are in crisis then you should contact the Lifeline Crisis Service 0808 808 8000 (free to call 24/7) and they will provide you with immediate support. 7.0 Postvention Support Once your loved one has been found and laid to rest you are likely to continue to experience a sense of tragic loss. There are specialist services available from the Western Health and Social Services Trust (WHSCT) and you are urged to contact them and they will support you through the process. The local point of contact is Fidelis Simpson and can be contacted on 07841569000.
33 Appendix 5 Guidelines for Searches for a Missing Person in the River Foyle It should be noted that the only search operations that local agencies will endorse are the authorised search protocols led by Police Service of NI (PSNI) and supported by Foyle Search and Rescue. These protocols were designed to ensure public safety and maximise the effectiveness of the search and recovery operation. The protocols have been tried and tested and proven to work for the benefit of the family and other agencies providing support. Were a family wish to co-ordinate an alternative search process they are requested to take account of the need for public safety at all times and minimise the risk of further call outs which will detract resources from the primary search operation.
FSR are aware of the tremendous help and support that will be shown in the numbers of individuals responding to the family’s request for assistance in any ongoing search operation. However, everyone’s personal safety is of the highest importance. Please adhere to the guidelines below
1.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES
Please adhere to the following safety Guidelines when searching:
Always stay in a group & let someone know the area you are searching and notify them when you have completed your search. Carry a mobile phone. Be careful along the river’s edge & DO NOT enter the Glar/mud. You may become stuck & need rescued. DO NOT cross over any railings riverside under any circumstances. DO NOT cross over onto or walk along Rail Tracks In the event of finding any items of clothing etc.: DO NOT TOUCH or remove. Please contact the PSNI on 101 who will in turn alert Foyle Search & Rescue 02871 313800. Check the Tidal Tables and Weather forecast prior to commencing the search. Persons searching to wear appropriate clothing for the weather conditions. It is recommend that persons searching near the water’s edge wear a Life Jacket & that other searchers wear high Vis clothing to enable boat crew to observe them on River Bank. People who are searching are reminded that the River Bank is extremely hazardous after dark.
34 2.0 DIVER EXCLUSION ZONE-SAFETY NOTICE
As searches progress Police Divers will at times be used in support of the current planned searches.
To ensure the safety of Divers entering or exiting the water and so that no unnecessary disturbance takes place that would impact the underwater search; an exclusion zone around the dive boat is set up.
1. To indicate that this is taking place the dive boat will display an internationally recognised flag that is Blue and White. 2. In this event Harbour Radio are informed that a search dive is underway. 3. It is vital that Boats, Jet skis etc.: on the River Foyle adhere to the exclusion zone and any directions given by FSR Safety Boats & crew.
3.0 BOAT SAFETY ADVICE
1. Wear a lifejacket It could save your life! You never know what might happen when you are out in a boat or Jet Ski so always wear a lifejacket. Make sure it is the right size for you & any passengers on board, fasten all straps properly (including the crotch strap) so they don't feel loose.
2. Check the engine and fuel If your boat has an engine, carry out pre-launch checks and make sure you have enough fuel for the duration of your search and your boat/jet ski is safe to launch and wear your kill cord!
3. Tell someone the area of the River you are checking Always notify somebody where you are going and when you will be back. They will be able to raise the alarm if you lose contact or are not back on time.
4. Carry some means of calling for help Do you know what to do if there is an Emergency and you need to call for help? Here are 4 ways you can contact someone in an emergency: a) A Whistle to alert persons on the Riverbank or craft nearby. b) A VHF radio-it is a requirement to notify Harbour Radio on VHF Channel 14 when going on water and coming off water.
35 c) A mobile phone-call 999 in an emergency or 101 in the case of a non- emergency. d) A Flare only to be used in an Emergency situation.
5. Keep an eye on Weather and Tides Always check the weather forecast before you go out on the river. The weather can change very quickly and you can find yourself in danger if you are not careful. Wear clothing appropriate for the weather conditions. Do you know the times of the tide? Always check before you set out, this will help you to navigate past hidden dangers. The depth in the river can vary suddenly depending on your location.
6. Navigation Lights If going out on River after dark ensure your Navigation Lights are in working order and you are visible to other boats/Jet skis on water.
7. Grappling It is advised that Grappling should not be used as a method of search & recovery on the River Foyle.