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Inferencia Filogenética De Medusozoa (Cnidaria), Con Énfasis En Hydrozoa

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Inferencia Filogenética De Medusozoa (Cnidaria), Con Énfasis En Hydrozoa See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239937953 Inferencia Filogenética de Medusozoa (Cnidaria), con énfasis en Hydrozoa Thesis · November 2005 CITATIONS READS 0 5,047 1 author: Maximiliano Manuel Maronna University of São Paulo 29 PUBLICATIONS 350 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Phylogenetic relationships within the order Coronatae (Coronatae; Scyphozoa) View project Dimensions of marine life – Patterns and process of diversification in planktonic and benthic cnidarians (Biota-FAPESP) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Maximiliano Manuel Maronna on 03 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Universidad Nacional de Misiones Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales Licenciatura en Genética Tesina de Graduación “INFERENCIA FILOGENÉTICA DE MEDUSOZOA (CNIDARIA), CON ÉNFASIS EN HYDROZOA” Maximiliano Manuel Maronna * 2005 * El siguiente trabajo de tesis para optar por el grado de Licenciado en Genética, ha sido realizado en el Laboratorio de Estudios en Medusozoa, Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular; Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biociencias; Universidad de San Pablo, Brasil bajo la dirección del Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Marques. Tesista: Maximiliano Manuel Maronna Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo - Brazil II El placer más noble es el júbilo de comprender Leonardo da Vinci Una política sin principios, una educación sin carácter, una ciencia sin humanidad, un comercio sin moralidad, no son apenas inútiles, sino positivamente peligrosos Sathya Sai Baba III A MIS PADRES VILMA Y JOSE LUIS IV AGRADECIMIENTOS - A mis padres VILMA y JOSÉ LUIS, por su respeto y paciencia; a mis hermanos LISANDRO, PABLO y NICOLÁS por todas las situaciones vividas con mis viejos y conmigo en mis años de Posadas y San Pablo. - ¡A mi querida abuela CARMEN, a quien siempre le resultó muy divertida esta cuestión de la genética! - A JULIE, por todo. - A MAURI, SILVINA y MAITE por hacerme el aguante en Rosario y la ¡MÚSICA!. A mis tíos JULIO y CRISTINA (y toda la familia) por acompañarme en mi estadía en Posadas. - A TIM MARQUES, por haberme abierto la puerta de su grupo de trabajo sin consesiones y sus enseñanzas; por confiar en mí desde el primer momento al comenzar el Lab. de Sistemática Molecular. A todo el grupo del lab de Medusozoa (André, Vanessa, Val, Portuga, Otto); a Juliana, William, Pedro, Fabio y todo el excelente grupo de estudiantes de posgrado del Instituto de Biociencias. ¡A Fernando Marques, por tantas charlas y noches con Frank Zappa en el lab! - Al Dr. Alvaro Migotto y Alberto Lindner por las muestras biológicas y secuencias de Hydrozoa. - A la Dra. Cristina Miyaki por permitirme hacer mis primeras “pruebas” en su lab y a Erica por su tiempo. - A mis ¡amigazos! de Posadas: “la 12”, ¡“los 4” por el 2005!, Laura, Gabi, Flavia, Vanesa, Gaby, Nico, José, Eze, Mario, Adrián, Kike, Rulo, Rulito, Lupa, Carlitos, Pablito...tanta gente que a lo largo de estos años me demostraron que los buenos se ven en las malas. ¡A Martín, Andrea y Maca por tanto aguante! A mis amigos de Teodelina Flavia, Emi, Vero, Andre, Pato, Cogote, Nacho, Pollero y Damián por estar ahí. - A C.J. Bidau por enseñarme tantas cosas, especialmente a pensar; al grupo del enano Baldo y Dardo que continúan hoy su legado en el Depto. de Genética. - A Vinicius (Ale y Víctor), nuestra segunda casa. - A los buenos profesores que a lo largo de estos años me han demostrado con su ejemplo como se debe comportar una persona de bien en el ámbito académico. - A los malos profesores que a lo largo de estos años me han demostrado con su ejemplo como no se debe comportar una persona de bien en el ámbito académico. - A los músicos y escritores que nos dan alas y espacio para sentirnos emocionados (de la forma que sea): - A los creadores y desarrolladores de Internet por generar y promover LA HERRAMIENTA (¡fuera de control!) de la información. - A todos aquellos que se merecen un agradecimiento, pero no recuerdo sus nombres en este ¡brevísimo! instante.....y bue´, ¡cosas que pasan! V ÍNDICE GENERAL Página LISTADO DE TABLAS....................................................................... X LISTADO DE FIGURAS.................................................................... XI RESUMEN...........................................................................................1 SUMMARY.......................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................. 3 2. HIPÓTESIS.................................................................................... 36 3. OBJETIVOS……………………………………................................. 36 4. MATERIALES................................................................................. 37 5. MÉTODOS..................................................................................... 46 6. RESULTADOS............................................................................... 73 7. EXPOSICIÓN DETALLADA DE FILOGENIAS Y DISCUSIÓN...... 79 CONSIDERACIÓNES FINALES........................................................ 93 BIBLIOGRAFÍA…………………………………................................... 96 VI ÍNDICE ANALÍTICO Página Listado de figuras......... ................................................................................ X Listado de tablas .......................................................................................... XI Resumen....................................................................................................... 1 Summary......... .............................................................................................. 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................... 3 SISTEMÁTICA Y DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA .............................................. 3 SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA ................................................................. 4 - Caracteres y grupos en sistemática filogenética......................................... 6 - Cladogramas y árboles filogenéticos .......................................................... 8 PARSIMONIA Principios básicos........................................................................................ 10 Parsimonia e inferencia filogenética............................................................ 11 Perspectivas filosóficas ................................................................................13 MEDUSOZOA..............................................................................................16 HYDROZOA................................................................................................ 20 Evolución y sistemática ............................................................................... 20 Características físicas ................................................................................. 20 Distribución.................................................................................................. 23 Hábitat......................................................................................................... 23 Comportamiento.......................................................................................... 24 Biología reproductiva................................................................................... 25 CUBOZOA .................................................................................................. 26 Evolución y sistemática ............................................................................... 26 Características físicas ................................................................................. 26 Distribución.................................................................................................. 27 Hábitat......................................................................................................... 27 Comportamiento.......................................................................................... 27 Biología reproductiva................................................................................... 28 STAUROZOA.............................................................................................. 28 Evolución y sistemática ............................................................................... 28 VII Características físicas ................................................................................. 29 Hábitat........................................................................................................ 30 Comportamiento.......................................................................................... 30 Biología reproductiva................................................................................... 31 SCYPHOZOA.............................................................................................. 31 Evolución y sistemática ............................................................................... 31 Características físicas ................................................................................. 32 Distribución.................................................................................................. 33 Hábitat......................................................................................................... 34 Comportamiento.........................................................................................
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