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PSE&G Roseland-Bushkill 230Kv Transmission L

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PSE&G Roseland-Bushkill 230Kv Transmission L PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY INTERCONNECTION BUSHKILL HAER NJ-149 TO ROSELAND TRANSMISSION LINE HAER NJ-149 (PSE&G Roseland-Bushkill 230kV Transmission Line) From Roseland Borough, Essex County, through Morris County and Sussex County to Hardwick Township, Warren County Roseland vicinity Essex County New Jersey PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA FIELD RECORDS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, DC 20240-0001 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY INTERCONNECTION BUSHKILL TO ROSELAND TRANSMISSION LINE (PSE&G Roseland-Bushkill 230kV Transmission Line) HAER No. NJ-149 Location: This documentation encompasses the line from Roseland Borough, Essex County, through Morris County and Sussex County to Hardwick Township, Warren County. The entire Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line extends from Roseland Borough, Essex County, New Jersey, from Roseland Switching Station at 7 Eisenhower Parkway, Roseland Borough through East Hanover Township, Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, Montville Township, Boonton Township, Kinnelon Borough, Rockaway Township, and Jefferson Township in Morris County; Sparta Township, Hopatcong Borough, Byram Township, Andover Township, Newton Town, Fredon Township, and Stillwater Township in Sussex County; Hardwick Township, Warren County; across the Delaware River to the Bushkill Substation in Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Western Terminus: Bushkill Substation is located at latitude 41.078559, longitude -75.024210 Eastern Terminus: Roseland Switching Station is located at latitude 40.820029, longitude -74.330530. Dates of Construction: The Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line was constructed from 1927 to 1932. The Roseland Switching Station was completed in 1928. Architect/Engineer: Public Service Electric & Gas Company (PSE&G) Builder/Contractor: PSE&G and Riter-Conley Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Original Owner and Use: PSE&G and Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (PP&L ); electrical transmission Present Owner: PSE&G and PP&L Significance: The creation of the 210-mile-long transmission line known as the Pennsylvania-New Jersey Interconnection (PNJ) was a significant step in the extension of efficient and reliable electrical supply to Pennsylvania and New Jersey and balanced the service needs of the region's rural, industrial, urban, and suburban areas. The contractual interconnection of the electric systems of three major PNJ BUSHKILL TO ROSELAND TRANSMISSION LINE HAER No. NJ-149 (Page 2) utility companies-Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO), PSE&G, and PP&L-benefited all three by supplying sufficient electricity during peak periods. During the early twentieth century, electrical demand from both domestic and industrial users was increasing. The PNJ enabled the three utilities to adapt to market changes, including shifting consumer populations. In 1929 the Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line, one segment of the PNJ in northern New Jersey, received the industry's top award, the General Electric Company's Charles A. Coffin Award, for innovative design and technical achievements. The PNJ's construction resulted in advances in the standard design of transmission lines and towers to improve resistance to environmental stresses. A system of standardization was also implemented whereby the transmission towers could be more efficiently customized for each location. Challenges posed by the terrain, which included swamps, mountains, rocks, ravines, and fields, required innovative construction techniques and solutions. PROJECT INFORMATION: The Pennsylvania-New Jersey Interconnection Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line was recorded in July and August 2012 by The Louis Berger Group, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, for PSE&G as part of measures to mitigate adverse effects to the National Register of Historic Places eligible Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line by the proposed Susquehanna to Roseland 500kV Transmission Project (Project), which will involve the replacement of the existing towers of the current 230kV transmission line. HAER recordation was required by the New Jersey State Historic Preservation Office (NJHPO) in a letter dated September 9, 2011, and pursuant to mitigation of adverse effects stipulations provided in the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Freshwater Wetlands and Flood Hazard Area Permit issued for the Project on October 2, 2012. Recordation was performed in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (Federal Register 48[190]:44730-44734; Federal Register 68[139]:43159-43162). This report is consistent with Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) guidelines for historical reports. Project personnel included Kristofer Beadenkopf, Project Manager; Deborah Van Steen, Abbie Hurlbut, and Debra Mcclane, Architectural Historians; and Rob Tucher, Photographer. PNJ BUSHKILL TO ROSELAND TRANSMISSION LINE HAER No. NJ-149 (Page 3) BACKGROUND AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT Built in the northern portion of the state ofNew Jersey, the Bushkill to Roseland Transmission line was constructed to serve the PSE&G territory, which stretched diagonally across the central portion of the state reaching from Bergen County on the Hudson River adjacent to New York City, to Gloucester County on the Delaware River adjacent to Philadelphia. This area was historically and continues to be a densely populated area, largely consisting of commuters to the nearby cities ofNew York and Philadelphia. The state of New Jersey had seen a steady growth in population from 1860 to the early 1920s and had become the third most densely populated state in the country. 1 As a result of this rapid growth, the use of and demand for public utilities increased, including public transportation, gas, and electricity production. The significance of the PNJ stems from its formation of the largest pool of high-voltage power in the nation at the time of its construction in the late 1920s. This unprecedented system received power in part from the Conowingo Hydroelectric Station located on the Susquehanna River in Harford and Cecil counties, Maryland, the second largest producing plant in the United States (behind Niagara Falls). The collaboration of the three participating companies-PECO, PSE&G, and PP&L-established a precedent for corporate relations between companies and facilitated important scientific and technological advancements.2 In 1927 PECO, PP&L, and PSE&G formed a three-member ring that established the PNJ to coordinate the electrical power needs of their customers. Although various patterns of interconnection had been developed and technological advancements had been introduced prior to the PNJ, the original PNJ interconnection provided innovative approaches to social, governmental, and technological issues of the period. Early History of the Electric Industry in United States The American electrical utility industry can trace its beginnings to September 1882, when Thomas A. Edison's Pearl Street Station in New York City first supplied electricity (110 volts of direct current) to eighty-five customers. Edison envisioned central power stations in cities that would distribute power to city residents via a single wire: "The same wire that brings the light will also bring power and heat-with the power you can run an elevator, a sewin~ machine, or any mechanical contrivance, and by means of the heat you may cook your food." Unfortunately, for several decades after the tum of the century, electricity remained an expensive commodity for the average customer. At that time many industries, institutions, and larger businesses generated their own power from small plants;4 however, no backup systems for emergency 1 Thomas N. McCarter, "Charles A. Coffin Medal 1924 Application of Public Service Electric and Gas Company," on file, Public Service Electric and Gas Co. Libraries & Information Services, 1924. 2 Table 2 provides a timeline for significant events associated with the Pennsylvania-New Jersey Interconnection. 3 Leonard S. Hyman, Andrew S. Hyman, and Robert C. Hyman, America's Electric Utilities: Past, Present and Future (Vienna, Virginia: Public Utilities Reports, Inc., 2005), 118. 4 James C.G. Conniff and Richard Conniff, The Energy People, A History ofPSE&G (Newark, New Jersey: Public Service Electric & Gas Company), 132. PNJ BUSHKILL TO ROSELAND TRANSMISSION LINE HAER No. NJ-149 (Page 4) situations were provided when blackouts occurred. 5 More men were required to operate the machines, and customer demand did not coincide efficiently with the locations of the individual plants. By the early 1900s electrical utilities had constructed integrated systems for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. The hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls represents the first large-scale distribution of electric power in the United States. The plant opened in August 1895 and primarily supplied local manufacturing. The following year a portion of the electricity generated was "stepped up" by transformers from 2,000 to 10,000 volts, was transmitted over copper wires supported by wooden poles twenty miles to Buffalo, New York, and was reduced to 2,000 volts at the Buffalo substation. The electricity powered lights and street cars. 6 It wasn't until after World War I that the development of high-voltage interconnections provided the instrument through which electrical power could be transmitted
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