A Community Needs Assessment

August 2010

Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc. 1243 North 10th Street, Suite 200, Milwaukee, WI 53205 414 224-0404 fax 414-224-0243 www.planningcouncil.org Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Acknowledgements

The Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc., wishes to acknowledge Sharon Schulz, Chief Executive Officer of the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency; Essie Allen, Associate Director; and Cheryl Montgomery, Planning Director for providing guidance and making this effort possible.

Eleven people agreed to in-person interviews; they answered questions about the needs of people in poverty in the community, barriers to addressing those needs, services available, and what else can be done to serve people in poverty. Appreciation is extended to those who shared their input: Fabiola Diaz, UW Extension Racine County; Mark Gesner, UW Parkside, Center for Community Partnerships; Adelene Greene and John Milisauskas, County of Kenosha, Department of Human Services; Michele A. Kohel, Kenosha Community Representative; Karla Krehbiel, Johnson Bank; Attorney Gai Lorenzen, Legal Action of WI, Inc.; Donna Rhodes, Kenosha County Division of Children and Family Services; Jack Waters, Kenosha Community Health Center; Denis Wikel, Congregations United to Save Humanity; Byron Wright, Kenosha Human Development Services, Inc.

A total of 23 people participated focus groups. Thanks to everyone who shared information about the needs of people in poverty, as well as input about the needs that are well met and resources that could be expanded or are missing. Thanks also to Pam Klein of Fresh Coast Partners for facilitating the link to Darlene VanBendegom at Assisi Homes. Recognition is due to Ms. VanBendegom for organizing and providing space for the focus group with older adults, and to Diane Gonzalez at Glenwood Apartments for recruiting additional participants for this group. Gratitude is extended to Pam Halbach and Rebecca Witt at the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency for providing space for the service provider focus group.

Many thanks to Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency clients who filled out a survey regarding community assets, resources, needs, and what can be done to help people in poverty. We appreciate Pam Halbach and her staff for administering the surveys.

The following people were also extremely helpful in gathering information: Larry Stigney, Jane Rovik, and Alexis Bourgeois.

Finally, appreciation is extended to those in the community who work to help those in poverty.

The following Planning Council staff members contributed to this effort: Kathleen Pritchard, President and CEO; Julie Whelan Capell, Director of Planning and Development; Quinton D. Cotton, Associate Planner; Lonna Kruse, Assistant Planner; Susan Tragesser, Data and Information Specialist; Ashley Tikkanen, Marquette Trinity Fellow; Kyle Rabe, UW-Milwaukee Student Intern; Chelsea Boyd, UW-Milwaukee Student Intern; Troy Mrkvicka, UW-Oshkosh Student Intern; Danny Henken, UW-Madison Student Intern, and Robert Williams, Intern.

The Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc. is a non-profit organization serving Southeastern Wisconsin. Its mission is to advance community health and human services through objective planning, evaluation, and research.

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Table of Contents

Background & Methodology...... 4 Community Profile - Kenosha County...... 5 Geography, Land Use & the Environment...... 5 Demographics ...... 15 Economy & Employment ...... 24 Transportation ...... 35 Housing ...... 42 Food Security ...... 49 Early Education & Children Under 5...... 54 Education & School-Aged Youth ...... 57 Elderly and Adults with Disabilities...... 68 Public Health ...... 72 Key Informant Interviews - Kenosha County...... 87 Purpose ...... 87 Methodology...... 87 Limitations ...... 88 Key Informant Interview Themes...... 88 Focus Groups-Kenosha County...... 100 Purpose ...... 100 Methodology...... 100 Limitations ...... 101 Focus Group Participants...... 101 Focus Group Summary ...... 102 Survey - Kenosha County WIC/Food Pantry ...... 111 Purpose ...... 111 Methodology...... 111 Limitations ...... 111 Demographics ...... 112 Survey Themes ...... 114 References...... 117 Tables-Kenosha County ...... 121 Appendices ...... 159 Appendix A: List of Key Informants ...... 159 Appendix B: Key Informant Interview Questions ...... 160 Appendix C: Focus Group Questions...... 161 Appendix D: Focus Group Survey...... 162 Appendix E: Community Survey Questions ...... 163 Appendix F: List of Resources for Kenosha County Residents...... 165

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Background & Methodology

The Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency enables low-income individuals to attain the skills, knowledge and motivation needed to achieve self-sufficiency. To ensure that programming effectively targets issues critical to the low-income population, the agency conducts periodic community needs assessments.

In spring 2010, the Planning Council for Health and Human Services undertook a range of community assessment activities in order to produce this overview of Kenosha County, Wisconsin for the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency. The Planning Council examined secondary data sources such as the U.S. Census, school records, and State of Wisconsin data, along with data compiled by the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency, to produce this report. In addition, key informant interviews, focus groups and one client survey were implemented throughout April and May of 2010 to provide insights beyond the statistics.

In order to provide the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency with the most up-to-date information possible, many of the population-based statistics in this report were taken from the U.S. Census 2006- 2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates. The American Community Survey is a large, continuous demographic survey conducted by the Census Bureau on an ongoing basis. Questionnaires are mailed to a sample of addresses to obtain information about households -- that is, about each person and the housing unit itself. The survey produces annual and multi-year estimates of population and housing characteristics as well as data for small areas, including tracts and population subgroups. Eventually, this survey will provide accurate and up-to-date profiles of America's communities every year, instead of every ten years. However, caution must be exercised when using current American Community Survey data. Because they are based on a sample, these data are subject to sampling variability and should be considered estimates only since there can be fairly large margins of error for many of these numbers.

Detailed tables that accompany many of the charts are included at the end of the report.

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Community Profile - Kenosha County

Geography, Land Use & the Environment

Environmental Scan • Kenosha County is the southeasternmost county in the state of Wisconsin, located on the western shore of Lake Michigan and sharing a border with the state of Illinois to the south. The county is approximately 57 miles north of Chicago and 37 miles south of Milwaukee (see Table 1). • The 278-square-mile county was 64% nonurban in 2000, of which: o 68% was agricultural (over half of the farms were less than 50 acres) o 22% natural resource areas o 10% extractive, landfill and unused lands (KCDPD 2010) • The county has become increasingly urbanized over the past several decades. Between 1975 and 2000 Kenosha County lost 7% of its “nonurban” land so that by 2000 about 36% of Kenosha County was developed with urban land uses, of which o 49% was residential o 30% was transportation, communication and utilities o 9% was intensive recreational o 4% was industrial o 4% was government and institutional o 4% was commercial land (KCDPD 2010)

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• Due to its proximity to Lake Michigan, the earliest urban development in Kenosha County was along the lakeshore and therefore the eastern part of the county remains its most heavily urbanized section. • The I-94 corridor effectively bisects the county into eastern and western sections, and the county is comprised of a number of cities, villages and towns, as seen in the two maps below.

(KCDPD 2010)

• By 2035, it is estimated that: o Agricultural lands, rural residential, and open lands in Kenosha County will decrease by about 63 square miles, or about 43 percent. o New commercial land use is projected increase between 2000 and 2035 by about 5,700 acres, or 395%; industrial land uses are anticipated to increase by about 5,200 acres, or 361%. o New urban residential development, created through the infilling of existing vacant lots in areas already committed to such use and higher-density mixed-use development, is expected to increase by about 40,000 acres (230%) (KCDPD 2010). o To see detailed maps of Kenosha County land use currently, and as planned for 2035 under the Kenosha County Multi-Jurisdictional Comprehensive Plan, see Tables 2 and 3. o For maps of existing land use in the City of Kenosha as well as recommended land uses for 2035, see Tables 4 and 5.

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• Water: o Kenosha County’s entire eastern border lies along Lake Michigan, about 12.6 miles of freshwater shoreline o The City of Kenosha, the Village of Pleasant Prairie, and portions of the Town of Somers and Town of Bristol get their municipal water from Lake Michigan; all other municipalities in the county get their municipal water from groundwater o The county’s groundwater aquifers are recharged primarily through precipitation o Kenosha County has five major drainage systems separated by the subcontinental divide (see map below); 10% of the county drains directly into Lake Michigan, 12% drains into the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River, and 78% drains into the Mississippi River. o “The subcontinental divide not only exerts a major physical influence on the overall drainage pattern of the County, but also carries with it legal constraints that, in effect, would prohibit any new diversion of substantial quantities of Lake Michigan water across the divide. Areas east of the divide can utilize Lake Michigan as a source of water supply, with the spent water typically returned to the lake via the sanitary sewerage system. Areas west of the divide must utilize groundwater as the water source.” (KCDPD 2010) o To see a detailed map of Kenosha County watersheds, see Table 6.

Assets • The City of Kenosha has a long history of land use planning. In 1925 its first plan, based on the “City Beautiful” movement, established the location of major streets and instituted many forward-thinking concepts such as each elementary school having its own neighborhood playground and the notion that all residents should be within walking distance of a neighborhood park. (KCDPD 2010) • The overwhelming majority of respondents to a 2010 survey of WIC/Food Pantry clients (98%, or 92 out of 94) strongly agreed or agreed that the Kenosha lakefront is something they appreciate (WIC/Food Pantry 2010 Survey). • The Kenosha County multi-jurisdictional comprehensive planning process citizen focus groups identified the following strengths: o geographic location of the county near Chicago, Milwaukee and Lake Michigan o abundance of agricultural and natural resources as a county strength (KCDPD 2010) • Many of the individual neighborhoods in the city of Kenosha have adopted neighborhood plans as seen in the map in Table 7. • SEWRPC1 is in the final stages of producing a regional water supply study and plan for southeastern Wisconsin, including Kenosha County, that will include the following major components: o Development of water supply service areas and forecasts for water use demand. o Development of recommendations for water conservation efforts to reduce water demand. o Evaluation of alternative sources of water supply, culminating in identification of recommended sources of supply for each service area and in recommendations for development of the basic infrastructure required to deliver that supply. o Identification of groundwater recharge areas to be protected from incompatible development. o Specification of any new institutional structures found necessary to carry out the plan recommendations. o Identification of any constraints to development in parts of the region emanating from water supply sustainability concerns (SEWRPC)

1 The Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC) is the official metropolitan planning organization (MPO) and regional planning commission (RPC) for the seven-county southeastern Wisconsin area, which includes Kenosha County. SEWRPC was created in 1960 to provide the basic information and planning services necessary to solve problems which transcend the corporate boundaries and fiscal capabilities of the local units of government comprising the Southeastern Wisconsin Region. Page 7 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Kenosha County is home to many parks and open space sites, including 13 owned by the county, 26 owned by the state, 6 owned by conservation organizations and 298 owned by municipalities (KCDPD 2010).

(KCDPD 2010)

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• The City of Kenosha is home to over 74 parks. The largest are Anderson Park at 95 acres and Alford, Sam Poerio and Washington Park Golf Course which are all about 70 acres. (KCDPD 2010). • Nine out of ten WIC/Food Pantry clients surveyed agreed or strongly agreed that Kenosha has good parks and places for recreation (WIC/Food Pantry 2010 Survey).

(KCDPD 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Needs • Some of the land use issues facing Kenosha County in upcoming years include: o Minimizing the loss of farmland o Redevelopment of old urban areas is preferable to developing new areas o The preservation of primary environmental corridors and the Lake Michigan shoreline o Ensuring that rural and suburban residential development has a minimal impact on the county’s natural resource base (KCDPD 2010) • The Kenosha County multi-jurisdictional comprehensive planning process citizen focus groups identified the following problems for the county: o Unmanaged development and urban sprawl o Loss of agricultural and natural resources (KCDPD 2010) • The current City of Kenosha strategic plan notes the creation of additional parks and recreational facilities as a priority need for the city (USHUD 2010)

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• Several new trails have been proposed for Kenosha County locations as shown in the map below

(KCDPD 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• There are many contaminated sites throughout Kenosha County, including: o Two active, licensed landfills and 53 former landfills and solid and hazardous waste disposal sites (KCDPD 2010) o 123 Leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites and environmental repair (ERP) sites; LUST sites have soil and/or groundwater contaminated with petroleum, which includes toxic and cancer causing substances; in addition, some LUST sites may emit potentially explosive vapors. (KCDPD 2010) o Environmental Repair (ERP) sites, which are sites other than LUST sites that have contaminated soil and/or groundwater; possible causes for contamination of an ERP site include industrial spills or dumping, buried containers of hazardous substances, closed landfills that have caused contamination, and areas with petroleum contamination from above-ground storage tanks. (KCDPD 2010) o To see detailed maps of these sites, see Tables 8 and 9.

• Water o Ground and surface water use must be optimized to ensure the county’s water resources can meet future demands; county participation in the coordinated regional water resource management project (SEWRPC) can assist in meeting this need (KCDPD 2010) o To protect and improve water quality, future development should utilize management and conservation practices such as rain gardens, green (vegetated) roofs, bioswales, and vegetated buffer or perimeter strips and “gray water” systems. (KCDPD 2010)

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• The charts and maps below compare air pollution in Kenosha County with that in the rest of the state. The Kenosha County multi-jurisdictional comprehensive planning effort citizen focus groups identified deteriorating air quality as a problem (KCDPD 2010)

o Carbon monoxide (CO), a criteria pollutant, is a colorless, odorless gas that is emitted by both natural processes and human activity. Much of human CO exposure is due to incomplete fossil fuel combustion. CO contributes to the formation of smog ground-level ozone, which can trigger serious respiratory problems (Wi DNR, EPA).

(Wi DNR)

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o Many epidemiologic studies have shown significant associations of ambient Particulate Matter (PM) levels with a variety of human health problems. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects. (Wi DNR, EPA)

( Wi DNR)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Demographics

Environmental Scan

• Kenosha County, the seventh largest county by population in Wisconsin, has experienced modest population growth over the past 25 years, from 128,181 in 1990 to 149,577 in 2000. The most recent census estimates show the county’s population continuing to grow, reaching a total of 162,878 for the period 2006-2008. • Although located geographically in Wisconsin, Kenosha County is considered part of the Chicago Metropolitan Area by the U.S. Census • A breakdown of the county population by major age categories shows the county’s population is slightly younger than the state of Wisconsin as a whole and the county’s population of residents age 65 or older has been shrinking over the past 25 years. • The population of Kenosha County is projected to increase about 29% in 2035 over the 2008 numbers, to 210,080 persons, higher than the projected rate of increase of the region as a whole (18%) and including a significant increase in the number of people over age 65 (KCDPD 2010)

Kenosha County Population 2006-2008 American Community Survey Total Population = 162,878

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

Age 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

Kenosha County 1990 2000 2006-2008 Wisconsin N=128,181 N=149,577 N=162,878 2006-2008 N = 5,598,453 # % # % # % # % Children under the age of 5 10,124 7.9% 10,367 6.9% 11,209 6.9% 352,703 6.3% Adults 65 and over 16,193 12.6% 17,169 11.5% 18,026 11.1% 733,397 13.1% (US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

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• Kenosha County is significantly more urbanized than is the state as a whole, with a density of 586 people per square mile, as compared to just over 100 people per square mile for Wisconsin. • The density of Kenosha County has continually increased: o In 1990 density was 461 people per square mile o In 2000 density was 538 people per square mile o In 2008 density was 586 people per square mile • The City of Kenosha contains the highest population density in the county; most of the county’s population growth in the last 20 years has been in the City of Kenosha (KCDPD 2010) o Census data shows that for the period 2000 to 2008 the Village of Pleasant Prairie had the largest population increase in the county, growing 23% during the period.

(KCDPD 2010)

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• The population of Kenosha County increased between 2000 and 2008 due to both natural increase (more births than deaths) and migration (more people moving in than moving out). o These increases were higher than the state figures and, for migration, much higher than the nation’s net increase. Migration in Kenosha County is driven mainly by individuals working in northern Illinois but relocating to live in Kenosha County. o The combination of the county’s location midway between Milwaukee and Chicago and lower housing costs, taxes and overall cost of living than either of these metro areas partially explain the area’s continual growth in population (USHUD 1995)

(Wi DWD 2009)

• For a more complete breakdown of Kenosha County population by age and by large municipalities, see Table 10. • For details on the racial composition of various Kenosha County municipalities, see Tables 11 and 12.

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• Whites make up the greatest proportion of the population of Kenosha County, but there is a significant black (6% or 9,850) population, as shown in the chart and table below.

Kenosha County Population by Race N = 162,878

Black 6%

Am Ind/Al Nat White 85% <1% Asian 1% Haw/Pac Isl < 1% Other 6% Two or more races 2%

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

KENOSHA COUNTY # % White 138,136 84.81 Black 9,850 6.05 Am Ind/Al Nat 604 0.37 Asian 2,222 1.36 Haw/Pac Isl 0 0.00 Other 8,991 5.52 Two or more races 3,075 1.89 TOTAL 162,878 100.00

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• Additionally, 9% (15,338) of Kenosha County residents identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino.

Kenosha County Population by Ethnicity N = 162,878

Hispanic/Latino 9%

Not Hispanic/Latino 91%

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

KENOSHA COUNTY # % Hispanic/Latino 15,338 4.71 Not Hispanic/Latino 147,540 45.29 TOTAL 162,878 100.00

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• The City of Kenosha is the largest city by population in the county. The city has grown modestly in recent decades, from 80,352 in 1990 to 90,352 in 2000. The 2006-2008 census estimates show the city’s population continuing to grow, reaching 96,205 for the period 2006-2008, and the newest data released in June 2010 puts the city’s population at 97,856. • Because of recent gains in population in other cities and villages in the county, City of Kenosha residents now make up 59% of the county’s population, down from 63% in 1990. • A breakdown of the city’s population by major age categories shows city residents are somewhat younger than the state of Wisconsin as a whole, with proportionately more children under the age of five and fewer over the age of 65.

Kenosha City Population 2006-2008 American Community Survey Estimated Total Population: 96,205

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

Age 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

City of Kenosha 1990 2000 2006-2008 Wisconsin N=80,352 N=90,352 N=96,205 2006-2008 N = 5,598,453 # % # % # % # % Children under the age of 5 7,920 9.9% 6,800 8.3% 72,080 7.6% 352,703 6.3% Adults 65 and over 10,849 13.5% 11,006 13.4% 11,019 11.5% 733,397 13.1% % County households living in NA 63% NA 54.7% NA 59% NA NA City of Kenosha (US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

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• Persons of color in Kenosha County are concentrated in the City of Kenosha, where just under one- quarter (22%) of the population consists of non-white individuals.

City of Kenosha Population by Race N = 96,205

Black 9%

White 78% Am Ind/Al Nat 1%

Asian 2% Haw/Pac Isl < 1% Other 8%

Two or more races 2%

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

KENOSHA CITY # % White 75,660 78.64 Black 8,855 9.2 Am Ind/Al Nat 494 0.51 Asian 1,685 1.75 Haw/Pac Isl 0 0 Other 7,525 7.82 Two or more races 1,986 2.06 TOTAL 96,205 100.00

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• Additionally, 13% of city residents identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino.

City of Kenosha Population by Ethnicity N = 96,205

Hispanic/Latino 13%

Not Hispanic/Latino 87%

(US Census ACS 2006 – 2008)

KENOSHA CITY # % Hispanic/Latino 12,312 12.80 Not Hispanic/Latino 83,893 87.20 TOTAL 96,205 100.00

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• A recent study (Schneider 2001) called the City of Kenosha a “city of contrasts:” o It is a blue-collar, conservative town that has developed internationally-known models for social welfare o It is seen as being “twenty years behind most areas in the U.S.” in developing affirmative action and anti-racism initiatives, but it has offered good paying factory jobs to many African Americans and Latinos o It is a city of immigrants from many different places, but is perceived as resistant to change. • City of Kenosha residents report high levels of support from their own, closed-race/national communities, but also report that individual ties developed through work or school were far more important than race or other group identity. This has implications for how people access needed services: o Most people found out that a particular agency provided good services through word of mouth o Most people get their information from their “closed” networks o Most people come to an agency to obtain the specific service they need, then leave without finding out about other services offered by the agency o People of color often go to a trusted staff person at one of the organizations based in their own community (Schneider 2001)

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Economy & Employment

Environmental Scan

• Poverty o In 2006-2008, the percentage of the population of the City of Kenosha that was living in poverty was 15.55%, higher than the rate for Kenosha County (11.41%) and higher than the state rate (10.74%). o One in five (21.26%) youth under 18 years in the City of Kenosha lived in poverty in 2006-2008, higher than the rate for Kenosha County (15.41%) and higher than the state rate (14.20%). The highest poverty rate of any age group in Kenosha is experienced by children under age 5 living in the City of Kenosha, nearly one-quarter (23.96%) of whom were living in poverty. o The poverty rate (21.32%) in 2006-2008 for senior adults age 75 and older living in the City of Kenosha was two and one-half times greater than the rate (6.19%) for senior adults ages 65-74 and also higher than the state rate (10.85%).

Poverty Status (for whom poverty status is determined) City of Kenosha County of Kenosha Wisconsin 2006 - 2008 2006 - 2008 2006 -2008 # Below # Below # Below Poverty Total # % Poverty Total # % Poverty Total # % Under 5 years 1,756 7,329 23.96% 1,912 11,044 17.31% 59,425 350,863 16.94% 5 - 11 years 2,120 9,534 22.24% 2,598 16,053 16.18% 66,732 485,783 13.74% 12 - 17 years 1,445 8,166 17.70% 1,937 14,740 13.14% 57,818 459,197 12.59% Subtotal Under 18 5,321 25,029 21.26% 6,447 41,837 15.41% 183,975 1,295,843 14.20% 18 - 24 years 1,699 8,487 20.02% 2,074 12,956 16.01% 113,520 489,370 23.20% 25-34 years 1,705 12,586 13.55% 2,197 19,678 11.16% 76,107 692,729 10.99% 35-44 years 1,674 14,276 11.73% 2,179 25,021 8.71% 58,167 781,196 7.45% 45-54 years 1,362 12,912 10.55% 1,753 25,141 6.97% 53,254 860,376 6.19% 55-64 years 1,120 8,706 12.86% 1,479 16,277 9.09% 40,501 620,774 6.52% Subtotal 18 - 64 7,560 56,967 13.27% 9,682 99,073 9.77% 341,549 3,444,445 9.92% 65-74 years 301 4860 6.19% 521 8,871 5.87% 22,249 362,849 6.13% 75+ years 1,204 5646 21.32% 1,421 8,642 16.44% 36,818 339,452 10.85% Subtotal 65+ 1,505 10,506 14.33% 1,942 17,513 11.09% 59,067 702,301 8.41%

Total 14,386 92,502 15.55% 18,071 158,423 11.41% 584,591 5,442,589 10.74% (US Census ACS 2006-2008)

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o Of those living below the poverty level in both Kenosha County and in the City of Kenosha, the largest number are White; people of color living in poverty make up a larger proportion of the residents of the City of Kenosha than of the County.

Race/Ethnicity of Kenosha County Residents Below Poverty Level Past 12 Months * N = 18,774 **

African American 18%

White 63%

Hispanic/Latino 16%

Two or more races 3%

(US Census, ACS 2006-2008) * Categories not appearing were too small to compute; census provides no data on these groups ** Because of the way census data is collected, there may be duplication in these charts; in particular, some of the Hispanic/Latino population may be counted twice

KENOSHA COUNTY # % White 11,868 63.22 African American 3,345 17.82 Hispanic/Latino 3,036 16.17 Two or more races 525 2.80 TOTAL 18,774 100.00

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Race/Ethnicity of City of Kenosha Residents Below Poverty Level Past 12 Months * N = 14,661** African American 22%

White 58% Hispanic/Latino 20%

(US Census, ACS 2006-2008) * Categories not appearing were too small to compute; census provides no data on these groups ** Because of the way census data is collected, there may be duplication in these charts, in particular, some of the Hispanic/Latino population may be counted twice

KENOSHA CITY # % White 8,498 21.55 African American 3,160 20.48 Hispanic/Latino 3,003 57.96 TOTAL 100.00

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• Income o Median household income for Kenosha County (2008 dollars) was $54,464, just slightly higher than the state median of $52,249. For the City of Kenosha, the median household income rate was 15% lower than the county median, at $46,356 (US Census ACS 2006- 2008).

Median Household Income in the Past 12 Months (2008 Dollars) Household Kenosha City of County Kenosha All 54,464 46,356 White Alone 57,109 49,116 African American 31,145 30,533 American Indian 45,769 44,271 Asian Alone 70,952 73,191 Native Hawaiian -- -- Some Other Race Alone 42,576 44,489 Two or More Races 42,207 -- White Alone, Not Hispanic 57,474 49,159 Hispanic or Latino 43,182 43,428 (US Census ACS 2006-2008)

o In 2006-2008, 24.5% of Kenosha County residents and 25.4% of Kenosha City residents received social security income. For the same period, 3.1% of county and 3.8% of city residents received supplemental security income. o Slightly more Kenosha city residents (2.8%) received public assistance income than county residents (2.6%) in 2006-2008.

• Single mother families and poverty o In the city of Kenosha, female-headed households with children under the age of 18 are more likely to be living in poverty than either households headed by males alone or married-couple households. In Kenosha, for families with children under the age of 18, 36.5% of female-headed households are living below the poverty level, compared to 13.0% of single male-headed households and 9.2% of married-couple households (US Census ACS 2006-2008). o Data on the percentage of single-mother or female-headed households by race in the city of Kenosha is not available due to the small sample size (US Census ACS 2006-2008).

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• Jobs o Kenosha County has had ongoing difficulty recovering from the loss of high-paying jobs that began in 1988 when the local Chrysler plant laid off 6,500 people. However, the plant remained open with a reduced workforce and through the early-2000’s, manufacturing still employed more workers than any other sector of the Kenosha economy, led by the Chrysler plant’s 1,000+ employees. Layoffs continued, however, and recently Chrysler announced that the plant, which currently employs about 800 people, would close permanently by the end of 2010. o In Kenosha County, educational services is the largest employer; the Kenosha public school district alone employs over 1,000 people. The health services sector is another top employer in the county, with the Unified Hospital system employing over 1,000 people. Kenosha County also employs over 1,000 individuals; details on chart below. (WiDWD 2009) o The sectors that saw the largest percent increase in the number of people employed from the fourth quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2008 in Kenosha County were administration and support services. This increase may be partly explained by the economic downturn: companies in this sector include temporary firms such as Manpower, accounting firms, janitorial firms and other subcontractors. As other companies downsize, they often turn to these subcontractors; details on chart below. (WiDWD 2009).

(Wi DWD 2009)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o 81% of the employers in Kenosha County have less than 20 employees. (KCJC 2010). Below is the distribution of employers throughout the county.

(KCDPD 2010)

o Almost 44% (32,298 individuals) of Kenosha County residents work outside of the county—the majority in Northern Illinois (KCJC 2010). From 2002 to 2007, the percentage of persons commuting into Kenosha County to work increased by 17.1 percentage points; during the same period, those living in Kenosha but commuting for work to another county increased by 22.5 percent. Residents who work in other counties tend to have higher wages than residents of other counties who come into Kenosha County to work, for a net gain to Kenosha County. (Wi DWD 2009).

(Wi DWD 2009)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o The unemployment rate for Kenosha County increased nearly five percentage points from August 2008 to July 2009, a result of the economic depression that affected the entire nation during this period. This is about the same increase experienced by the state as a whole, which saw unemployment rates increase 4.6 percentage points during the same period. (Wi DWD 2009).

(Wi DWD 2009)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o Kenosha County experienced job losses in 2008 in most sectors with the exception of natural resources, education/health and public administration. The following table shows the number of people actually working in Kenosha County by quarter for 2008.

(Wi DWD 2009)

o In April 2010, Kenosha County’s unemployment rate, at 10.7%, remained higher than the rate one year earlier (10.2%) and higher than the statewide rate of 8.5%, and the rate for the City of Kenosha was 11.5% (WiDWD 2010).

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Assets • Helping people get out of poverty o The Kenosha County Job Center is co-located in a large, former shopping mall with almost all of the Kenosha County Department of Human Services. This unique facility offers county residents one-stop shopping for employment, training, workforce development and economic support programs. (KCJC 2010) o The Kenosha Housing Authority operates a Family Self-Sufficiency Program which promotes economic independence for its clients; participants have access to opportunities for education, occupational training and job seeking assistance (US HUD 2010) o In the focus group with Kenosha service providers, the Spanish Center was noted as a “one-stop shop” for the Latino community o The overwhelming majority of WIC/Food Pantry clients surveyed (95%, or 90 out of 95) agreed or strongly agreed that the support services available in Kenosha for people like them are pretty good (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). • Jobs o The Job Center was noted in a Kenosha focus group as an important community asset, valuable because it brings many services together under one roof. o A study done in 2001 found that most jobs in the City of Kenosha were in small companies, about half of which offer jobs with family-supporting wages that require education, and the other half offering jobs with lower wages that accept a wider range of educational backgrounds. The latter group of employers offers more opportunities for people with limited education and semi-skilled or unskilled work experience; more women and minorities tend to be employed in these types of firms. (Schneider 2001) o Kenosha has several agencies working to establish, retain and expand business in the county, including the Kenosha Area Business Alliance (KABA), the Community Block Grant (CDBG) program, the Kenosha County Department of Human Services-Division of Workforce Development, the Kenosha Area Chamber of Commerce, and UW-Parkside Small Business Development Center (KCDPD 2010). o Tax Incremental Financing Districts (TIFs) are financing tools that allow municipalities to invest in infrastructure and other improvements, and pay for these investments by capturing property tax revenue from the newly developed property. These districts can be important financial tool for cities, villages, and towns in eliminating blight, rehabilitating declining property values, and promoting development. As of 2007, Kenosha County had sixteen active TIFs; nine of them in the City of Kenosha (KCDPD 2010); as of December 2009, the number of TIFs in the City of Kenosha had increased to fourteen (Olson 2009, City of Kenosha 2009). For details, see Tables 13 and 14. o The City of Kenosha has at least one Business Improvement District (BID). BIDs are created at the request of the property owners within a defined area. The owners agree to assess themselves in a way that generates funds for a range of improvements within the BID, such as marketing, banners, business recruitment, and streetscapes. The Kenosha BID, called the Kenosha Lakeshore Business Improvement District, is located along Kenosha’s eastern border on the shore of Lake Michigan between 49th and 59th Streets, and bounded by Sheridan Road to the west (Kenosha on the Lake 2010). o Most job growth in Kenosha County for the period 2010 -2035 is projected to be in the “general” category—service jobs and jobs in finance, insurance and real estate—and in the retail sector (KCDPD 2010). • Higher Education o Kenosha County has three main Colleges/Universities: Carthage College is a four year private college of the arts and sciences located in the city of Kenosha. It was recently named a 2010 “Best Baccalaureate College” by U.S. News & World Report. Total enrollment for the college is at 3,400 students. The college has majors, minors and concentrations in over 50 areas of study. The University of Wisconsin-Parkside is located in Somers, between Kenosha and Racine, and has over 5,000 undergraduate students. The University offers over 40

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

different areas of study including graduate classes in business, molecular biology, computer information systems and leadership. Gateway Technical College has two campuses in Kenosha County, the Kenosha Campus on 30th Avenue (which includes the Center for Bioscience and the Integration of Computer and Telecommunication Technology) and the Horizon Center on 88th Avenue. Offerings include associate degrees, diplomas, certificates, short- term, non-credit, and workshop programs in over 77 fields. Approximately 29,000 students annually are served by the college (which also has campuses in Racine and Walworth Counties, as well as online classes), 5,000 of whom are full-time equivalent students. o For a list of these and other employment services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F

Needs • Helping people get out of poverty o According to a survey conducted in January 2010 by the Emergency Services Network (ESN) of Kenosha County, the needs expressed most frequently by clients of ESN member agencies were (clients could have more than one need): Food/hot meal (75%) One month’s rent/mortgage assistance (40%) Bus token/gas voucher (35%) Utility assistance (29%) Section 8 (housing) (26%) Dental care (26%) Health care (25%) Household supplies (24%) Job placement (24%) Medical/dental prescriptions (24%) o According to statistics provided by the Kenosha Job Center (see Table 15 for full details) the needs most frequently cited by persons seeking W2 placement are: Child care Lack of job seeking skills Need help developing a resume Transportation (lack of driver’s license) Need help with housing Lack of job experience Lack of GED/HSD o Participants in the Kenosha focus group with service providers mentioned a need for the community to do a better job of supporting undocumented workers, many of whom are treated unfairly by employers. • Jobs o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups mentioned that major job-related concerns for people in poverty include: The lack of jobs that pay a living wage; Jobs that have minimal skill requirements do not offer career pathways; Lack of soft skills needed to gain employment; Lack of education to meet job requirements. o In a recent survey, WIC/Food Pantry clients indicated a need for more help for people who are unemployed in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o Over one-third (38%, or 35 out of 92) of WIC/Food Pantry clients surveyed strongly agreed that getting help finding a job was a challenge for people in poverty in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o The current City of Kenosha strategic plan notes the following economic development concerns as priority needs for the city (USHUD 2010): Small Business Development

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Small Business Expansion Job Creation o The high number of small firms in the City of Kenosha that pay low wages has implications for employment policy: Local government and agencies need to design childcare, health insurance benefits and transportation strategies that allow several employers to pool resources or that are neighborhood-based Education and training for higher skilled jobs is important, but since there is a limited number of such jobs, initiatives must be designed to help low-skilled workers as well Given that many employers can only offer low wages, limited benefits and part-time work, strategies are needed to help workers in these jobs access child care, benefits and transportation through government and nonprofits Support for entrepreneurship through small loans, technical support and pooled benefit plans could provide employment for many people struggling to find family- supporting work, while at the same time benefitting existing small employers (Schneider 2001) • Higher Education/Adult Education o In the Kenosha focus group with service providers participants noted that for adults living in poverty it is very difficult to return to school, often they do not make enough to pay for school or have other life demands (children) that make it very difficult to seek further education o Over one-third (37%, or 31 out of 84) of respondents to a survey of Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients strongly agreed that finding education for adults is a challenge facing people in poverty in Kenosha ((WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010).

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Transportation

Environmental Scan

• Automobiles o Almost 44% of Kenosha County residents who work travel outside of the county to get to their jobs—the majority in Northern Illinois (KCJC 2010). From 2002 to 2007, the percentage of persons commuting into Kenosha County to work increased by 17.1 percentage points; during the same period, those living in Kenosha but commuting for work to another county increased by 22.5 percent. The great majority of commuters— 83%--drive cars alone; another 10% carpool (American Community Survey 2006-2008). o There is one park-ride lot in Kenosha County, at the Metra station in downtown Kenosha (WiDOT 2010). o As seen in the graphic below, nearly 23% of people who worked in Kenosha commuted into the county.

(Roth 2010)

• Bicycles o There are 21 miles of bikeways in Kenosha County; see Table 16 for a map. o There are 6 miles of off-street and 6.5 miles of on-street bike paths in the City of Kenosha; see Table 17 for a map.

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Passenger Rail o Intercity passenger rail service from Kenosha County south to Chicago and north to Milwaukee is available via Amtrak, the nearest station is in Sturtevant in Racine County (there are no service stops in Kenosha County) o Commuter rail service is available between the City of Kenosha and Chicago by Metra, which has a station near downtown Kenosha and stops in many of the north shore suburbs of northeastern Illinois (Metra 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Bus o While many new jobs are being created along the I-94 corridor, most bus routes do not reach these areas. As a result, only a small proportion of residents use public transportation to get to work. According to the US Census ACS 2006-2008, 748 residents of the City of Kenosha use the bus to get to work (see Table 18). o Intercity commuter bus service is available south to Chicago and north to Milwaukee including service to airports in both cities o Kenosha city bus routes are few and service ends at 7:30 pm o Some City of Kenosha buses have bike racks o Some City of Kenosha buses have wheelchair lifts (24-hour advance notice is advised to ensure service)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

City of Kenosha Public Bus System Map

(City of Kenosha 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o Bus service is limited in the western part of Kenosha county and does not run after 7:30 pm

(WKCT 2010)

Assets • Geographic location near the I-94 corridor, Milwaukee and Chicago • The City of Kenosha Department of Transportation provides paratransit services (fees apply) • The City of Kenosha has a written Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Plan • For a list of these and other transportation services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F

Needs • The Kenosha-Racine-Milwaukee corridor has an opportunity to reduce personal automobile travel by developing high-quality commuter rail service in an existing rail right-of-way. The existing Union Pacific freight rail line would be upgraded to add a commuter rail that would connect to the very successful Chicago Metra that now ends at Kenosha. It is envisioned that the KRM Commuter Rail service would connect the lakeside communities of Milwaukee, Milwaukee-south side, Cudahy-St. Francis, South Milwaukee, Oak Creek, Caledonia, Racine, Somers, and Kenosha--and connect to the Chicago Metra service to NE Illinois and Chicago. (Transit NOW) • The Kenosha County multi-jurisdictional comprehensive planning citizen focus groups identified the KRM as an important opportunity for the county (KCDPD 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• The citizen focus groups carried out as part of the KCDPD 2010 identified the following as countywide weaknesses: o Lack of public transit services; o Increasing traffic congestion due to development o A lack of bike paths and lanes o Not enough pedestrian access to open space • The KCDPD 2010 recommends Kenosha County public transit options need to be improved and expanded, in particular: o Continue to develop and invest in the streetcar in the core City of Kenosha o Improve the City of Kenosha local bus system to increase frequency of service; o Need for express buses between downtown Kenosha and various county business parks o Need for public transit connecting residents in the western, rural portion of Kenosha County to the eastern urban portion o Expand and enhance alterative modes of transportation, including public transit services, to meet the needs of transit-dependent elderly citizens and persons with disabilities. o Increase the number of park-ride lots served by public transit o Need for rapid transit service between downtown Kenosha and downtown Milwaukee o Table 19 maps out proposed public transit elements of the KCDPD plan for Kenosha County for the year 2035. o Table 20 maps out proposed bike path elements of the KCDPD plan for Kenosha County for the year 2035. • Kenosha focus group participants cited several transportation needs for the area that particularly affect people living in poverty: o Lack of public transportation in certain areas of the community (west side of the county; no bus to Walmart); o Limited bus routes; o Long waits for buses; Bus times not convenient for work schedules (ie no buses late at night)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Housing

Environmental Scan • Home Ownership o About two-thirds (67.2%) of Kenosha County households live in housing they own; that percentage drops to 60.3% of households in the City of Kenosha (ACS 2006-2008) o Even before the current recession’s full impact in 2009, foreclosures in Kenosha had been growing annually as seen in the following chart:

Kenosha County Foreclosures By Year (Unique Cases)

1000 2008 900 800 2007 700 600 2006 2005 500 2002 2003 2004 400 2001 2000 300 200 100 0 Kenosha

(UW Ext 2010)

o During the current recession, foreclosures in Kenosha have hovered between 300 and 350 per quarter, as seen in the following chart: Number of Foreclosure Cases By Quarter (Unduplicated)

400

2009 Q1 2010 Q1 350 2009 Q3

300 2009 Q2 2009 Q4

250

200

150

100

0 Kenosha

(UW Ext 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o Home foreclosures in Kenosha County were down modestly in the first quarter of 2010 as compared to the first quarter of 2009, which is better than the overall rate for the State of Wisconsin and much better than Racine, as seen in the following chart: % Change in Foreclosure Cases Q1 2009 ‐ Q1 2010

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0 Kenosha Milwaukee Racine Wisconsin (‐Portage) ‐0.02

‐0.04

‐0.06

(UW Ext 2010)

• Income and Housing o Nearly half (47%) of Kenosha County households who rent paid 30% or more of their income on rent in the previous 12 months according to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey o Fair Market Rents increased 20% in Kenosha County between 2004-2009 to $663 for 1 bedroom units, $822 for 2 bedroom units, $1,130 for 3 bedroom units and $1,300 for 4 bedroom units (USHUD 2010) o According to 2010 data from the US Department of Labor and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, Kenosha County Fair Market rents are not affordable for many area residents (Fair Market rent = 30% or less of income) (source: Kenosha County internal report 2010). Minimum wage earners are paying: • 54% of their income for 1-bedroom apartments • 67% of their income for 2-bedroom apartments • 92% of their income for 3-bedroom apartments • 106% of their income for 4-bedroom apartments KCJD average 2009 placement wage earners are paying: • 45% of their income for 1-bedroom apartments • 56% of their income for 2-bedroom apartments • 78% of their income for 3-bedroom apartments • 89% of their income for 4-bedroom apartments 4-person households at the poverty line wage are paying: • 37% of their income for 1-bedroom apartments • 46% of their income for 2-bedroom apartments • 63% of their income for 3-bedroom apartments • 73% of their income for 4-bedroom apartments

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Quality of Housing Stock o As shown in the graph below, about 59% of housing units in Kenosha County were rated as excellent, very good or good; only about 2% were rated poor/very poor/unsound, and these were not concentrated in any one area or community (Roth 2008)

(Roth 2008)

o Fifteen percent of Kenosha County owner-occupied households were identified in the 2000 Census as having at least one of a variety of problems with their housing situation, either spending more than 30% of their income on housing, incomplete plumbing or kitchen facilities, or overcrowded conditions; for renter-occupied households, the percent of households with housing problems decreases to 11.5%. For the most part, the percent of housing problems increases as household income declines (See Table 21 for details). o Lead paint is a problem in a significant number of housing units in the City of Kenosha, as shown in the following chart based on data from the 2000 US Census (USHUD 2010)

City of Kenosha Housing Units Age of Unit: # of Percent with Lead- # Estimated with Lead- Year Built Households Based Paint Based Paint Pre-1940 9,778 90% 8,800 1940 - 1959 8,442 80% 6,753 1960 - 1979 9,830 62% 6,095 Total 28,050 21,648 (US HUD 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Homeless Persons o It is difficult to get an accurate count of the number of homeless persons, but experts generally agree that any counts are usually underestimations o Every state has a HUD-mandated Homeless Management Information System (HMIS); in Wisconsin that system is called Wisconsin Service Point (WISP) and all local agencies that serve the homeless supply client data to WISP o There are many homeless individuals who do not get counted by WISP because they are not served by a WISP agency; these would include people served by faith-based or other local nonprofits not receiving HUD funds, children in public schools whose families are not served by WISP agencies, and homeless people served in domestic violence shelters, which keep their data separately. o Kenosha WISP agencies reported they served an unduplicated total of 556 homeless persons between January – June 2009; applying national prevalence estimates to this data, an expert estimated around 1,600-1,700 individuals in Kenosha County experience at least one episode of homelessness in any given year (Kennedy 2010) o The Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency reported serving 993 homeless adults and 1,192 homeless children for the period January – December 2009. The most frequent services received by these individuals were rent payment assistance and mediation (WISP 2010) o About 80% of the homeless individuals in the Kenosha WISP data resided in the greater Kenosha area (includes Kenosha County, Racine County, Walworth County and Lake County IL north and west of Waukegan) before becoming homeless; 2.3% were from Milwaukee County and 5.7% were from Chicago (see Table 22 for full data) (Kennedy 2010) o Another way to measure homelessness is to take a snapshot of the number of homeless individuals on a given day. On January 28, 2009, according to the Wisconsin Point-in- Time Form (USHUD 2010) in the City of Kenosha there were a total of 196 homeless individuals as follows: 73 in emergency shelters 96 in transitional shelters 27 unsheltered o Homeless veterans are a unique category of individuals with special needs; a detailed analysis of the WISP data shows that the percent of homeless persons who are veterans increases as they move from less serious situations to more serious situations (see Table 23 for full data) (Kennedy 2010). For instance: Veterans make up just 3.6% of the overall WISP clients in Kenosha County, but they make up 9.7% of chronically homeless adults. Veterans make up 7.5% of all Kenosha WISP clients with mental illness, but 24.4% of the chronically homeless with mental illness.

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Assets • Home Ownership o The Kenosha Housing Authority is a HUD approved Housing Counseling Agency providing homebuyer education training. o The City of Kenosha receives a HOME Program allocation of approximately $500,000 annually from HUD to provide decent, affordable housing to low and moderate income households. HOME funds are used by the City to contract for the construction of new single-family homes in designated Neighborhood Improvement Target Areas. The new homes are sold by a lottery system to low-moderate income homebuyers (City website 2010) • Income and Housing o The City of Kenosha Housing Authority operates 1,111 units under the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program and also administers 72 WHEDA units. Within Section 8 there are: 100 families and individuals in the Mainstream Program for Persons with Disabilities 70 families in the Family Self Sufficiency program (USHUD 2010) o A variety of rental assistance services are available through the RKCAA including: Needs assessment Housing counseling Tenant/landlord resolution Mortgage default counseling Rental assistance Housing/support services Emergency rental assistance • Quality of Housing Stock o The Kenosha County Health Department has a lead poisoning prevention program that provides blood lead screening for children ages 6 months to 6 years at no cost. (USHUD 2010) o Lead Paint Abatement The Kenosha County Department of Human Services has a grant from USHUD to implement a Lead-based Paint Hazard Control Program targeting pre-1978 rental housing units with children under the age of 6 that are under contract through the Kenosha Housing Authority’s Section 8 voucher program. (USHUD 2010). Under the grant, the Kenosha/Racine Lead-Free Communities Partnership rehabilitated 147 dwellings in Kenosha County in 2009 (HPKC 2010). Kenosha County Department of Health conducted 2,441 unduplicated childhood lead tests in 2009 and followed up with 36 children with elevated lead levels (HPKC 2010). Kenosha’s City Council has allocated Community Development Block Grant dollars to continue the partnership (Olson 2009); the program’s goal for 2010 is to perform lead abatement for 200 dwellings; prioritizing those occupied by children under 6 years of age and low income (HPKC 2010). o Focus groups held with government officials and practitioners in June and August 2009 noted as a strength the City of Kenosha’s community development work: on housing rehabilitation and neighborhood revitalization, particularly in Lincoln Park and the Brass areas (USHUD 2010) o The RKCAA is responsible for administering the Kenosha County Weatherization Program, which allows up to $6,500 to be spent to bring a single family, owner-occupied home up to HUD standards; services include: Weather stripping doors and windows Replacing broken glass Insulating walls and attics Tuning up furnaces Insulating water heaters

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o The Spanish Center administers the Kenosha County Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program, which assists in reducing home energy costs;

• Homeless Persons o The Homeless Youth Program, operated by Kenosha Human Development Services, provides scattered-site, independent living arrangements for youth (18 – 24 years of age); program services include independent living skills training, education planning, and individualized treatment planning and assessment (KHDS 2010) o There is a consortium of nearly all the homeless service providers in the City of Kenosha, the Emergency Services Network, that collaborates with local government housing assistance agencies and the City of Kenosha to strengthen the impact of service delivery in meeting emergency needs; ESN is both the local Continuum of Care organization and the local board of Emergency Food and Shelter National Board program (USHUD 2010) o Due to coordination provided countywide by the Emergency Services Network (ESN), delivery of housing services in Kenosha County is generally unduplicated and well- coordinated; there is a smooth flow from emergency to transitional housing (USHUD 2010) o Kenosha Human Development Services has a 14-bed residential facility for adult men who are transitioning back into the community after incarceration; the organization also helps homeless single adults find scatted site housing and support services (KHDS 2010) o Kenosha County is one of five Wisconsin communities to receive federal dollars through the Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-housing Program (HPRP); funds are to be used to provide financial assistance and services to either prevent individuals and families from becoming homeless or help those who are experiencing homelessness to be quickly re-housed and stabilized (see Table 24 for detailed maps of services provided). The funds under this program are intended to target two populations of persons facing housing instability: • Individuals and families who are currently in housing but are at risk of becoming homeless and need temporary rent or utility assistance to prevent them from becoming homeless or assistance to move to another unit (prevention), and • Individuals and families who are experiencing homelessness (residing in emergency or transitional shelters or on the street) and need temporary assistance in order to obtain housing and retain it (rapid re-housing). o A participant in the Kenosha focus group with service providers identified the Shalom Center as a longtime community asset providing food and shelter for the homeless.

• For a list of these and other housing services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F.

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Needs • Home Ownership o Help for first-time homebuyers with income between 50% and 80% of the median family income (USHUD 2010): o Fair housing services (USHUD 2010):

• Income & Housing o The City of Kenosha Housing Authority had a waiting list of 217 for Section 8 housing and 703 for WHEDA as of October 2009 (USHUD 2010) o In a recent survey, WIC/Food Pantry clients indicated a need for more help finding safe and affordable housing in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o One-third (35%, or 32 out of 91) of WIC/Food Pantry clients surveyed strongly agreed that getting help paying utility bills was a challenge for people in poverty in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o Help for owner households whose cost burden is greater than 30% of their monthly income (USHUD 2010)

• Quality of Housing Stock o Existing rental housing in need of repair (USHUD 2010): o Focus groups held with government officials and practitioners in June and August 2009 noted a need to continue the City of Kenosha’s community development work: on housing rehabilitation and neighborhood revitalization in Lincoln Park and Columbus Park, as well as a need to expand such resources to Wilson Heights (USHUD 2010)

• Homeless Persons o More homeless services, including prevention of homelessness (USHUD 2010): o More permanent supportive housing and transitional housing for homeless (USHUD 2010): o Given that Kenosha data show veterans are more likely to become homeless if they are also experiencing additional problems, such as mental illness, AOD abuse, or physical/medical issues, the increasing numbers of veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, medical problems, etc. suggests the area will see a rise in the number of homeless veterans who will need services (Kennedy 2010)

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Food Security

Environmental Scan

• Food insecurity refers to a person or a family with uncertain or limited access to food through normal channels; it is closely linked to poverty (UWRC 2008) • Food insecurity in Kenosha County (See Tables 25 and 26) o Of City of Kenosha households with children under 18 years, 9.5% received food stamps; for Kenosha County households the figure was 7.7%. o City of Kenosha households make up 73% of all County households receiving Food Stamps • A 2006-2007 study of food insecurity in the Kenosha Unified School District found that 20% of the students who returned the survey were food insecure; of those, 8% were food insecure with hunger (they did not have food in the home and had no way of getting food) (UWExt 2009) • In the Kenosha Unified School District, fourteen schools had 50% or more of their children enrolled in the free or reduced-price lunch and breakfast program in 2009, a 50% increase over the previous year (UWExt 2009) • Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is a federal supplemental nutrition program set up to promote and maintain the health and well-being of nutritionally at-risk pregnant, breastfeeding and postpartum women, infants and children. WIC provides supplemental nutritious foods, nutrition and breastfeeding information, and referral to other health and nutrition services. (Wi DHS) o In 2007, 48% of Kenosha WIC households experienced low food security and an additional 12% experienced very low food security (WSFP 2010) o WIC participation in Racine and Kenosha Counties increased by 8% from FY2009 – FY2010 (R/K SNAP Ed) o In 2009, average WIC participation in Kenosha per month was 4288 (internal communication, RKCAA 2010), up from 4,118 WIC participants monthly in 2008 (WSFP 2010). The unduplicated number for 2009 was 7,038. The racial/ethnic makeup of participants in 2009 was: 17% African American; 30% white, Hispanic; 39% white – non Hispanic; 6% American Indian or Alaskan Native – Hispanic; 1% Asian and 5% mixed (white/African American) (internal communication, RKCAA 2010). o Kenosha County currently has 38 vendors authorized to accept WIC checks. From July 2009 through June 2010, 129,994 WIC checks were redeemed totaling more than three million dollars (internal communication, RKCAA 2010). • Food Share has reported a 25% - 30% increase from FY 2009-FY2010 (R/K SNAP-Ed) • Local food pantries have experienced a 25% increase from FY2009-FY2010 (R/K SNAP-Ed)

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• The map shows that free/reduced school meal programs in Kenosha County are concentrated in the City of Kenosha, where the highest percentage of persons living in poverty live. Based on data from the US Census 2000.

(KCHPC 2000)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• This close-up map of eastern Kenosha County shows the locations of free/reduced school meal programs overlaid with the percentage of the population in each area that is at the Federal Poverty Level. Based on data from the US Census 2000.

(KCHPC 2000)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Assets • The Racine/Kenosha Nutrition Education Program provides nutrition education to children ages 6 to 15 in the classroom environment as part of the regular school day; nutrition education is also provided to adults in a variety of community locations • Each summer, the Kenosha Unified School District offers the USDA Summer Food Service program at several school and other locations throughout Kenosha; the program gives free lunch to all children 18 years or younger who live in the attendance area of one of the sites (KUSD 2010). • The City of Kenosha has five farmer’s markets that operate from June – November, and the Kenosha Harbor Market operates indoors at the Rhode Opera House from October – May (City of Kenosha 2010). • Wisconsin participates in the WIC Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program, which provides a one-time food benefit per growing season to WIC families. RKCAA distributes WIC Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program vouchers. The Bristol and Kenosha Harbor Farmer’s Markets are WIC approved (USDA 2010). In 2009, 2,116 Farmer market packages were issued, totaling $31,740 (internal correspondence from RKCAA 2010). • Due to coordination provided countywide by the Emergency Services Network (ESN), delivery of food services in Kenosha County is generally unduplicated and well-coordinated; all agencies that distribute food conduct common food drives and coordinate food distribution (USHUD 2010) • The Kenosha County Hunger Prevention Council (HPC) is a coalition of groups working to promote food security and address hunger; membership includes all four food pantries in the county, educational and professional organizations, and social service agencies. • For a list of these and other food security services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F.

Kenosha County Food Sites

(WSFP 2010)

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Needs • In the focus group with Kenosha seniors it was pointed out that seniors need access to food services that fit their special dietary needs (i.e. diabetes), along with better access to fresh fruits and vegetables. • Low-income families living in central city areas need access to supermarkets and large grocery stores, where prices are lower and food quality is higher than in the small groceries and convenience stores typically found in their neighborhoods (EHW 2008) • Increased outreach and education are needed to expand use of federal nutrition programs (EHW 2008) • The Racine/Kenosha Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education Program (SNAP-Ed), run in Kenosha out of the Kenosha County Job Center, has developed the following goals related to food security in Kenosha County for FY 2010: o Target the four-year-old and younger program participants by developing a stronger, more consistent program with the Kenosha Head Start Program o Strengthen programming with the ever-growing Spanish-speaking population o Develop programming with pregnant and parenting teens to curb obesity in very young children (WNEP 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Early Education & Children Under 5

Environmental Scan

• The number of children under age 5 living in Kenosha County increased from 10,124 in 1990 to 11,126 in 2006-2008.

KENOSHA POPULATION UNDER 5 YEARS BY AGE Kenosha Other County, City of Kenosha Wisconsin Kenosha County Under 3 years 6,593 4,278 2,315 3 and 4 years 4,533 3,104 1,429 TOTAL 11,126 7,382 3,744 (US Census ACS 2006-2008)

• There were a total of 2,306 births in Kenosha County in 2008 (WISH) • In Kenosha County, 17% of children under the age of 5 are living in poverty; in the City of Kenosha nearly one-quarter (23.96%) of children under 5 are living in poverty. In both Kenosha County and the City of Kenosha, children under the age of 5 are more likely to be living in poverty than persons in any other age group.

• Children with special needs and disabilities o Defined by DHHS as those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally. (Wi DHS 2008) o According to the 2005-2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 13.9% of U.S. children and 15.3% of Wisconsin children have special health care needs (Wi DHS 2008).

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Assets • Birth to 3 o Birth to 3 is Wisconsin’s early intervention program for infants and toddlers with developmental delays and disabilities and their families; overseen by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. o The great majority of youth (83%) referred to Birth to 3 in Kenosha County are in Kenosha CESA 1 (city of Kenosha)

Participation in Birth to Three Kenosha (Rate per 1,000) 1993 to 2008 Rac ine 80

1993 1995 1996 1997 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Wi DPI)

• A survey of Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients found that the overwhelming majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that there are many good services to help families with young children in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). • Kenosha County’s Division of Health has several programs aimed at improving the health outcomes of the county’s youngest residents, including: o A prenatal care coordination initiative o A safe sleep program that provides portable cribs to parents who cannot afford them • For maps of child care centers in Kenosha County and in the City of Kenosha, see Tables 27 and 28. • For a list of these and other early childhood services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F.

Needs • In 2009 the state of Wisconsin published a needs assessment of Head Start programs across the state (WDCF 2009) and made the following recommendations: o Facilitate technical assistance and professional development to increase statewide access to oral health and prevention services and to mental health treatment services for young children. o Support the involvement of Head Start at the community, regional, and state levels in the Strengthening Families initiative linking child abuse and prevention with early childhood programs and services. o Identify resources and best practices to support Head Start programs in reducing the barriers to providing full working-day child care services for all children in need of child care. o Provide technical assistance and professional development to support Head Start partnerships with local family literacy programs and services, including Title I, libraries (public and school), museums, etc.

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o Facilitate partnerships between Head Start programs and local school districts in support of community approaches to serving 4-year-olds. o Support the organization of joint training and cross-system professional development opportunities for Head Start and local school district staff, as well as other providers of early childhood comprehensive services. o Support the development of online courses and degree programs for Head Start staff, the transfer of credits between institutions of higher education, strategies to increase staff release time to attend professional development, and bilingual professional development opportunities. o Identify additional opportunities for Head Start representatives to serve on policy/planning committees that address early childhood issues at the community, regional, and state levels.

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Education & School-Aged Youth

Environmental Scan • Demographics of School-Aged Youth o Kenosha County has approximately 26,000 children and young people between the ages of 5 and 24, 17% of the county’s total population o The City of Kenosha has nearly 21,000 children and young people between the ages of 5 and 24, totaling one-quarter of the city’s overall population.

• Poverty and School-Aged Youth o One in five (20.10%) school-aged youth in the City of Kenosha lived in poverty in 2006- 2008, higher than the rate for Kenosha County (15.11%) and higher than the state rate (16.60%). o Amongst all City of Kenosha school-aged youth, the highest poverty rates are experienced by City of Kenosha children 5 – 11 years, over 22.24% of whom were living in poverty.

Poverty Status of Kenosha School-Aged Youth (for whom poverty status is determined) City of Kenosha County of Kenosha Wisconsin 2006 - 2008 2006 - 2008 2006 -2008 # Below # Below Total # Below Poverty Total # % Poverty # % Poverty Total # % 5 - 11 years 2,120 9,534 22.24% 2,598 16,053 16.18% 66,732 485,783 13.74% 12 - 17 years 1,445 8,166 17.70% 1,937 14,740 13.14% 57,818 459,197 12.59%

Subtotal 5 - 18 3,565 17,700 20.14% 4,535 30,793 14.73% 124,550 944,980 13.18% 18 - 24 years 1,699 8,487 20.02% 2,074 12,956 16.01% 113,520 489,370 23.20% Total School- Aged Youth 5,264 26,187 20.10% 6,609 43,749 15.11% 238,070 1,434,350 16.60% (US Census ACS 2006-2008)

o Students in KUSD are more likely than the average Wisconsin student to be living in poverty; for the 2009-2010 school year, eligibility for free or reduced lunch (a common measure of student family income) increased over the previous year, with the majority of elementary and middle-school aged youth eligible.

2008-2009 2009-2010 Elementary Middle High Elementary Middle High KUSD 48.37% 42.91% 34.01% 46.5% RUSD 57.70% 52.10% 36.70% 62.30% 56.80% 44.30% Wisconsin 33.60% 37.20%

(Racine Post 2010; KUSD 2010)

• Educational Attainment of Kenosha Residents o Residents of the City of Kenosha are less likely to have a high school degree than residents of the county as a whole, or of the state: 14.0% of City of Kenosha residents have no high school degree compared to 12.2% of Kenosha County residents and 11% of Wisconsin residents. US Census 2000 data indicating that 18.1% of the population in Kenosha over the age of 25 lack a high school diploma

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KUSD data showed the overall district rate decreased from 84.1% in 2007-2008 school year to 82.9% in 2008-2009 school year however, the rates for African American students, Hispanic students, students with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged students improved, from 63.6% to 67.5%, 71.7% to 76.1%, 72.0% to 77.7%, and 68.4% to 69.9%, respectively. (KUSD 2010) o 34.3% of City of Kenosha residents have a high school degree only, compared to 33.7% of Kenosha County residents and 34.4% of Wisconsin residents. o For a map of the Kenosha County schools and school districts, see Table 29.

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• Kenosha Unified School District (KUSD) o Compared to similar Wisconsin school districts, Kenosha public schools have been experiencing significant and constant enrollment increases over the 10-year period from 1999 to 2009

Ten-year Public School Enrollment Trend, 1999-2009

(Public Policy Forum 2009)

o With nearly 23,000 students, KUSD is the largest district in Kenosha County and the third largest in the state of Wisconsin. The district has 26 elementary schools including 3 charter elementary schools, 7 middle schools including 1 charter middle school, and 7 high schools including 2 charter high schools and 1 high school technology academy (Public Policy For 2009).

Enrollment in KUSD as of 1/14/10

(KUSD 2010)

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o KUSD students are diverse: 17% are African American, 21% are Hispanic or Latino, 2% are Asian and the remainder are Caucasian (other racial/ethnic groups are also present within the KUSD student body, but at less than 1%)

Enrollment in KUSD as of 4/2010

(KUSD 2010)

o Minority enrollment in Kenosha and in Wisconsin school districts similar to Kenosha has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years.

Ten-year Minority Enrollment Trend, 1999-2009

(Public Policy For 2009)

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• KUSD Results on the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Exam (WKCE) o For the WKCE exams taken in fall 2009, the percent of KUSD students scoring advanced or proficient increased when compared with 2008 in several categories (KUSD 2010): Reading – all student subgroups (African American, Hispanic, Caucasian, students with disabilities, economically disadvantaged, and English language learners) improved in grades 4, 7 and 10 Mathematics – all student subgroups improved in grades 6 and 7 o For the WKCE fall 2009 exams, gains were also made in narrowing the minority/majority achievement gap (KUSD 2010) Reading – the gap narrowed at grades 3, 6, 7, and 10 Math – the gap narrowed at grades 6, 7, and 10 o The district also is working to narrow the achievement gap between economically disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students; on the WKCE fall 2009 exams the following positive results were reported by the district (KUSD 2010): Reading – the gap narrowed in grades 3, 6, 7, 8 and 10 Math – the gap narrowed in grades 5, 6, 7 and 8 o Narrowing the achievement gap between students with disabilities and those without disabilities is another goal; KUSD reported the following successes on the WKCE fall 2009 exams (KUSD 2010): Reading – the gap decreased at grades 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 Math – the gap decreased at grades 4, 5, 7 and 10 o Overall, fall 2009 KUSD student scores on the WKCE are about average for Wisconsin students, with the exception of 10th graders, who fall below the state average, as seen in the tables below (the horizontal red line in each graph represents the state average).

KUSD Achievement Test Results: WKCE / WAA Combined - All Students - November 2009 Advanced + Proficient Levels

(Wi DPI 2010)

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o Based on the WKCEs and the Wisconsin Alternate Assessment, KUSD only has one school currently identified as a “School Identified For Improvement” (SIFI) (Wi DPI 2010): Bradford High – designated SIFI in both 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 school years o Based on the WKCEs and the Wisconsin Alternate Assessment taken in fall of 2008, the following five KUSD schools missed Adequate Yearly Progress targets (Wi DPI 2010): Bradford High – missed targets in both 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 Hilcrest School - missed targets in 2008-2009 Lincoln Middle - missed targets in 2008-2009 Reuther Central High - missed targets in both 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 Vernon Elementary - missed targets in 2008-2009 Tremper High - missed targets in 2009-2010 o Historic Adequate Yearly Progress for KUSD is detailed in the table below:

(KUSD 2010)

o Other common measures of school district success are ACT scores and percent of students taking the ACT; Advanced Placement exam pass rates; and high school completion rates. For the 2007-2008 school year, KUSD outperformed both the Milwaukee and Racine school districts on percent of students taking the ACT and ACT scores; on the AP exam pass rate; and on high school completion rate.

ACT Composite Score 07-08 AP Exams Passed High School District as a % of Enrollment Completion Rate % Tested Score 07-08 07-08 Kenosha 63.5% 21.4 6.3% 84.1% Milwaukee 43.1% 17.5 1.4% 67.7% Racine 38.9% 21.3 3.2% 71.7% Wisconsin 57.2% 22.3 9.0% 89.0% (Public Policy Forum 2009)

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o There is a persistent and significant gap of 20 to nearly 40 percentage points between the WKCE scores achieved by African American students and their white peers in KUSD as seen in the charts below.

Racial Disparity in KUSD Students’ WKCE Reading Scores

100.0%

90.0%

80.0%

70.0%

60.0%

African American 50.0% White 40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% 4th Grade (04-05) 5th Grade (05-06) 6th Grade (06-07) 7th Grade (07-08) 8th Grade (08-09)

(Public Policy Forum 2009)

Racial Disparity in KUSD Students’ WKCE Math Scores

100.0%

90.0%

80.0%

70.0%

60.0%

African American 50.0% White 40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% 4th Grade (04-05) 5th Grade (05-06) 6th Grade (06-07) 7th Grade (07-08) 8th Grade (08-09)

(Public Policy Forum 2009)

o For the period 2004-2009, the racial gap in the WKCE reading scores across all grades for Kenosha students was 22.5%, lower than the average gap in Racine and Milwaukee. The average racial gap for Kenosha students on the math portion of the WKCE test was 32.6%, higher than the Milwaukee gap (29.8%) but lower than the Racine gap (36.5%) (see Tables 30 and 31 for detailed data). National studies also find that Wisconsin’s achievement gap is consistently wider than the average racial gap for all states (NCES 2010). The overall reading scores for Wisconsin’s African- American 8th grade students are among the lowest in the nation, behind only Arkansas, and the state’s black students scored poorer in reading than students for whom English is not their first language (Hetzner 2010).

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o Attendance, an important indicator of success in school, has historically been lower in Kenosha than in some comparable state school districts, as seen in the chart below.

Ten-year Trends in Attendance Rates, 1998-2008

(Public Policy Forum 2009)

o The dropout rate for KUSD has been trending lower when viewed from its high point in the 1997-1998 school year, but in the last several years the rate has begun to rise again. When compared to similar districts KUSD has ranked about in the middle.

Ten-year Trends in Dropout Rates, 1998-2008

(Public Policy Forum 2009)

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o Suspensions and Expulsions In the 2008-2009 school year, there were almost twice as many males suspended in KUSD than females and more than three times the amount of males when compared to females were expelled. When looking at percent of students suspended by race, 26.8% of black students were suspended, a rate that is much higher than that for Hispanic students (10.1%) or White students (7.7%). There is also a wide gap between the suspension rate of students with disabilities (24.2%) and those without disabilities (9.4%). When broken down by grade level, the grade with the highest percentage of students suspended and expelled was in the 8th grade. In the 8th grade, nearly one-quarter (24.5%) of students were suspended; and nine students (0.6%) were expelled. (WDPI 2010)

KUSD Suspensions and Expulsions 2008-2009

(WDPI 2010)

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• School-Aged Youth with Disabilities o There is a higher concentration of children with disabilities in the KUSD than in the districts that lie west of the interstate. 13.07% of children in KUSD have been identified as having some physical or emotional disability; this represents 2,976 children 12.14% of children in the districts that lie west of the interstate have been identified as having some physical or emotional disability; this represents 873 children Special learning disabilities are the most frequently identified disability in KUSD; over 4.48% of elementary, middle school and high school students in the district have been identified with this disability. Special learning disabilities are also the most frequently cited disability in the districts west of the interstate; 5.2% of students there have been identified as having a special learning disability; Wilmot Union High School shows the highest percentage at 9.43%. Speech language impairment also affects a high percentage of KUSD students; 3.5% of the district, or 796 children, have been identified as having a speech impairment. For detailed information on the numbers of children with specific disabilities in Kenosha County, see Tables 32 and 34.

Assets • Educational Attainment o The Kenosha County multi-jurisdictional comprehensive planning effort citizen focus groups identified the county’s quality educational system as a strength (KCDPD 2010)

• KUSD o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups mentioned the KUSD English as a Second Language program as an innovative asset

• Youth-Serving Agencies o Kenosha Human Development Services provides services for school-aged youth, including independent living and juvenile crisis intervention (KHDS 2010) o The Boys and Girls Club broke ground with a new facility at 14th Avenue and 52nd Street in May 2010 A state-of-the- art, 80,000 square foot building will be a hub for more than 5,400 youth The two-story building will replace the club’s sports and after-school program center at 1715 52nd St. and the Madrigrano Center at 3712 50th street; for the first time the two youth programs will be consolidated under one roof. Included will be two high-school regulation basketball courts, study areas, computer lab, recreation and art and an indoor soccer field which is intended to reach out to reach out to the growing population of Hispanic youth – 18% of the club’s membership. (BG of Kenosha 2010)

• For a list of these and other education services and services related to school-aged children available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F.

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Needs • Educational Attainment o Participants in the Kenosha focus group with service providers noted that it is unrealistic to expect every student to go to college; there is a need for more training in the trades and other options for the non-college bound.

• KUSD o Racial disparities among Southeastern Wisconsin student cohort in both reading and math WKCE scores have lacked any significant movement over time and KUSD is no different; the gap has remained prominent and fairly stable (Public Policy Forum 2009). o KUSD is planning to work more effectively with disengaged students who are negatively impacted by social influences, which are interfering with learning in order to improve attendance, achievement and graduation rate (KUSD 2010). o KUSD also sees a need to embrace the rich cultural diversity of the student body and community in order to achieve its mission and objectives (KUSD 2010).

• School-Aged Youth with Disabilities o KUSD has noted that student outcomes for children with disabilities involving graduation rates, serious disciplinary violations, out-of-school suspensions/expulsions, and overrepresentation in special education placements of African-American and Hispanic students in programs for Emotional Behavioral Disturbance warrant “significant attention” (KUSD 2010).

• Youth-Serving Agencies o The current City of Kenosha strategic plan notes a need for additional youth centers and services for youth as a priority need for the city (USHUD 2010). Also, a survey of Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients found that 40% (or 33 out of 82) of respondents feel there are not enough positive places for Kenosha teens to go (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o In the focus group with Kenosha service providers, participants noted that funding has been dwindling and many agencies are finding it difficult to keep their doors open. o Participants in the Kenosha service providers focus group mentioned a variety of services for youth that could be expanded, including: Access to group homes and apartments for youth (particularly adolescent males) Mentoring programs Access to health care without parental approval Support for teen parents

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Elderly and Adults with Disabilities

Environmental Scan • Demographics o About one in ten (11.1%) residents of Kenosha County is an adult age 65 and older, and the proportion is nearly identical (11.5%) for the City of Kenosha (US Census ACS 2006- 2008) o The number of residents in the 65 years of age and older age category is projected to increase from 17,169 persons in 2000 to 34,147 persons in 2035. This represents a nearly 100% increase (KCDPD 2010).

• Poverty amongst Seniors o In 2006-2008 the poverty rate for City of Kenosha residents age 65 and older was 14.33%), higher than the Kenosha County rate (11.09%) and also higher than the state rate (8.41%). o In the City of Kenosha, seniors aged 75 and over were two and a half times more likely to be living in poverty than were seniors in the 65-74 age bracket. Countywide, seniors in the older cohort were still nearly twice as likely to be living in poverty than were those in the younger cohort.

Poverty Status Kenosha Residents 65 and older (for whom poverty status is determined) City of Kenosha County of Kenosha Wisconsin 2006 - 2008 2006 - 2008 2006 -2008 # Below # Below Total # Below Poverty Total # % Poverty # % Poverty Total # % 65-74 years 301 4860 6.19% 521 8,871 5.87% 22,249 362,849 6.13% 75+ years 1,204 5646 21.32% 1,421 8,642 16.44% 36,818 339,452 10.85%

Total 65+ 1,505 10,506 14.33% 1,942 17,513 11.09% 59,067 702,301 8.41% (US Census ACS 2006-2008)

• Adults with disabilities o In 2000, there were 23,695 people with disabilities residing in Kenosha County, about 16 percent of the total population. The age group with the highest percentage of people with disabilities, 38 percent, was the 65 and older group; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that as the population ages in upcoming decades, the number of residents with disabilities will increase (KCDPD 2010)

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Assets • Transportation o Paratransit services for persons with disabilities and the elderly in the County are currently provided by the Kenosha Achievement Center, Inc. (KAC) through the “Care-A- Van” program and the Kenosha Area Family and Aging Services, Inc. (KAFASI) through the “Volunteer Escort Service” (KCDPD 2010) o Some City of Kenosha buses have wheelchair lifts (24-hour advance notice is advised to ensure service) o In Kenosha County, Care-A-Van provides door to door transportation by lift-equipped vans and cars for medical appointments, personal business, and recreation. The service area is Kenosha County and the fare is $1.50 one way. (KCDHS 2010) o Volunteer Escort Service provides transportation by car within and outside Kenosha County. A modest fare is charged to the rider. (KCDHS 2010) o The City of Burlington has implemented a shuttle services for seniors 60 and older and ambulatory adults with disabilities (fees apply)

• Housing o There are 12 subsidized senior apartment building or complexes in Kenosha County for low income people’ age 62 or older. There are 3 rent assisted apartment building or complexes that are available in income qualified persons age 55 or older; detailed maps are provided in Tables 34 and 35 (KCDHS 2010). o In 2009, the Kenosha County Division of Health received a HUD Healthy Homes Initiative grant to offer in-home assessments for persons over 65 focusing on hazards that could cause them to fall, such as broken or missing steps or railings, poor lighting, or lack of grab bars in the bathroom (HPKC 2010). o A participant in a Kenosha focus group identified Brookside Nursing Home as a unique asset, a community-sponsored nursing home that is exemplary.

• Health Care o SeniorCare, a prescription drug plan for Wisconsin residents 65 and older, is available to Kenosha County seniors

• General Services for the Elderly and people with disabilities o The Community Intervention Center at Kenosha Human Development Services serves as the operations hub of the Kenosha County Division of Aging and Disability Services for a wide variety of health and disability-related programs, including: Mental Health and Substance Abuse Resource Center Family Support Center for families with a child with severe disabilities Adult Crisis Intervention mental health services 24-hours/day, 7 days/week Kenosha Adult Residential Emergency Center (KARE), an 11-bed facility for persons with mental illness, developmental disabilities and AODA issues Guardianship Assistance Program Community Mental Health Services (KHDS 2010). o A participant in the Kenosha focus group with seniors noted that the county aging and disability services are very helpful o A survey of Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients found that nine out of ten respondents (90.1%, or 72 out of 80) agreed or strongly agreed that people with disabilities in Kenosha can easily find help and resources (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients surveyed were also highly likely to agree or strongly agree (86%, or 62 out of 72) that there are a lot of resources to help senior citizens in Kenosha (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). o For a list of Kenosha County services for the elderly and disabled, see Appendix F.

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Needs • Transportation o There is a need to expand and enhance alterative modes of transportation, including public transit services for the elderly and persons with disabilities (KCDPD 2010) o Participants in the Kenosha focus group for seniors noted that there is no “short-notice” transportation service for seniors o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups noted that seniors with accessibility issues need transportation services that pick them up closer to their front door

• Housing o In the Kenosha focus group with seniors, participants said affordable housing was a need, and often the housing they can afford is not in a neighborhood that is good for their quality of life. o The current City of Kenosha strategic plan notes that housing and supportive services for the elderly and people with disabilities are priority needs for the city (USHUD 2010) o The KCDPD makes the following recommendations related to housing for the elderly and people with disabilities in the period from 2010 – 2035 (KCDPD 2010): Promote housing choices for Kenosha County’s aging population Need for “Life-cycle” housing, a range of housing options that meet people’s preferences and circumstances at all of life’s stages (unmarried working adult, families with children, and elderly households Promote universal design (designed for all physical abilities) in housing and subdivision construction to accommodate all population groups. Need for a housing assistance task force comprised of for-profit, non-profit, and government housing experts and housing authority personnel from County and local governments to identify and secure Federal, State, and private funds to help subsidize the development of affordable housing, and to help secure grants for the rehabilitation or modification of homes to meet the needs of the elderly and disabled. Study the potential to integrate other types of specialty housing, where applicable, such as “cooperative housing” (sometimes called “coop-housing or co-habiting housing) which may socially support and help seniors and/or persons with disabilities be self-sufficient. Study the possibility of creating “cohousing” and university or campus-related housing for seniors – this is a type of housing linked to universities and colleges where services offered to seniors include auditing classes, library and computer privileges, access to healthcare, use of fitness facilities, discount event tickets, and/or reduced meal prices.

• Health Care o Wisconsin provides health insurance to 188,000 individuals through its basic Medicaid program, which covers people who are elderly and disabled and impoverished (MJS 2010) o SeniorCare, a prescription drug plan for Wisconsin residents 65 and older, is available to Kenosha County seniors o In the Kenosha focus group with seniors, there was a detailed discussion of the affordability of prescription drugs: Difficulty of affording needed medications when Medicare denies payment What to do when Medicare Part D benefits run out

• General Services for the Elderly and people with disabilities o Participants in the focus group with Kenosha seniors identified challenges that exist in the physical environment for older people or people with disabilities, such as a lack of door openers, ramps, and help shoveling snow in the winter. o In the focus group with Kenosha service providers, participants mentioned a need for expanded services to persons with disabilities, including:

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Affordable/transitional housing Job training Employment options o There is a need for some organization to develop and distribute educational materials regarding the following Federal, State, and County programs available in Kenosha County (KCDPD 2010): Programs for the development of senior oriented housing such as the Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program, available to Kenosha County residents and developers for the construction of new projects or the conversion of existing housing to senior housing. • Programs for funding to adapt homes to the needs of disabled and elderly people, such as the WisLoan program. • Programs for the development of affordable housing for people with disabilities such as the Section 811 Supportive Housing for the Disabled Program available to Kenosha County residents and developers for the construction of new projects or the conversion of existing housing for people with disabilities.

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Public Health

Environmental Scan • Overall health indicators o Kenosha County placed 60th out of Wisconsin’s 72 counties in health outcomes and 63rd in the factors that cause poor health, according to a report from the UW Population health Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; these rankings have remained unchanged for the last several years (Kenosha News 2010). Some of the areas where Kenosha County ranks extremely low include: 59th place in health risk behaviors like smoking, obesity and binge drinking; Second-to-last rank on physical environment measures including air quality, access to healthy foods and density of liquor stores. • Access to health care o The percentage of Kenosha County residents who lack health insurance has been decreasing from a high of 10% in 2004 and 2005 as seen in the chart below

(HPKC 2010)

o Kenosha County residents have been less likely to visit the dentist regularly (recommended once per year) than to get routine checkups from a doctor (every 2 years) or get a cholesterol check (every 4 years) as seen in the following chart

(HPKC 2010)

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• Pregnancy and childbirth: o The teen birth rate in Kenosha County is higher than the rate for the State of Wisconsin

(HPKC 2010) o The teen birth rate in the City of Kenosha is among the highest in the state; in 2008 the city birth rate for teens ages 15-19 was 63.4, more than double the rate of 30.9 for the State of Wisconsin (Wi DHS 2008)

Teen Birth Rates by Selected Cities of Residence, Wisconsin 2008

(Wi DHS 2008)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o Kenosha County’s rate of 18 infant deaths per 1,000 births for African Americans in recent years has been more than four times the rate for whites (Kenosha News 2010)

(Wi DHS 2010) • Obesity and Diabetes o Children & Teens For the period 2004-2006, Kenosha County children, aged 2 - 4, participating in the Wisconsin WIC program were in the highest quartile in the state for overweight prevalence, meaning over 33% of these children were overweight (WiDHS 2008) The Kenosha Head Start program has reported an increase in the number of students that have a BMI of 90% or higher (UW-Ext 2009) In 2009, Kenosha Head Start referred 27% of participating families to R/K SNAP- Ed because their children had BMIs in the 90th percentile or higher (R/K SNAP- Ed 2009) For the period 1/1/2010 through 06/30/2010, the Kenosha WIC program found that 14.7% of children in the program ages 2 – 5 were overweight and 16.2% were at risk of overweight (internal RKCAA correspondence, 2010) o Adults The 2008 age-adjusted estimates of the percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes in Kenosha was 6.2%; the rate for Wisconsin was 9.6% (Kidney Fdn); the 2007 US rate was 7.8% (CDC) The 2007 age-adjusted estimates of the percentage of adults who are obese in Kenosha County is 27.9%; the rate for Wisconsin is 25.4%; the US rate is 33.8% (for adults, BMI ≥ 30 indicates obesity; BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight) (CDC) According to the Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, over one-third of Kenosha County adults are overweight, significantly higher than the Healthy People U.S. 2010 target of 15%, as seen in the chart below

(HPKC 2010)

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Kenosha County adults report lower physical activity levels than recommended by the Healthy People U.S. 2010 targets, as seen in the chart below

(HPKC 2010)

In Kenosha County, African Americans are more likely to die from diabetes than are persons of other racial and ethnic groups (HPKC 2010)

(HPKC 2010)

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• STDs and HIV o In 2009, Kenosha County had the second-highest rate of HIV infection in Southeastern Wisconsin, at 8.5 per 100,000 population, compared with a rate of 11.9 per 100,000 for the State of Wisconsin o Kenosha County had the third-highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in southeastern Wisconsin in 2009; clamydia is the most common STD in Kenosha County (see table below)

Wisconsin reported cases of STDs by region, 2009

* Cases per 100,000 population (WiDHS 2010)

o The number of Clamydia cases in Kenosha County has been trending upward since 2000

(HPKC 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o For the entire period 2004 – 2008, Kenosha County had the second-highest rate of HIV infection in Southeastern Wisconsin, at 8.6 per 100,000 (see table below)

Reported cases of HIV infection by county for Southeastern Wisconsin, 1983 - 2009

(WiDHS 2010)

• Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs: o Between June and September of 2009, the City of Kenosha Police Department and the Kenosha County Sheriff’s Department completed 121 Class A alcohol compliance checks using volunteer underage decoys; 100 checks were successful (83% compliance rate) (HPKC 2010) o In 2007, there were a total of 936 drug arrests for adults and juveniles combined in Kenosha County; adults accounted for 75% of all drug arrests and juveniles accounted for 25%; the majority of arrests (74%) were for marijuana-related offenses; 21% were for opium; 4% for synthetic narcotics; less than 1% were for other drugs (see Tables 36 – 39 for detailed statistics on Kenosha County drug arrests in 2007)

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o Adults in Kenosha County have historically been more likely to smoke than adults statewide, although this gap narrowed in 2007 and 2008, there are more deaths in the county due to lung cancer than in the state as a whole, a trend that is likely to continue for some time, given the length of time involved in the development of the disease.

(HPKC 2010)

o Youth and ATODA: Data on youth risk behaviors related to alcohol, tobacco and other drug use is not readily available for Kenosha; results of a KUSD survey done in 2008 have not been publicly released due to small sample size (PCHHS 2009)

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• Mental health: o Kenosha Mental Health and Substance Abuse Resource Center received 2,386 calls for assistance in 2009 (HPKC 2010)

(HPKC 2010)

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• Asthma o The rate of asthma in Kenosha County is higher than the average rate in Wisconsin; Kenosha is ranked 71 out of 73 counties in the state for air quality risk; poor air quality contributes to high rates of hospitalizations in the county (HPKC 2010)

(HPKC 2010)

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Crime and Violence o Kenosha County rates for property crime are similar to Wisconsin rates; for violent crime, robbery and motor vehicle theft the rates for Kenosha County are lower than the state rates; for burglary and theft the rates for Kenosha County are higher than the state rates.

Crime Rates*: 2009 Violent Robbery Property Burglary Theft Motor Crime Crime Vehicle Theft Kenosha 207 73 2690 512 2054 111 Milwaukee 765 359 5045 866 3571 567 Racine 296 134 2842 736 1973 119 Wisconsin 259 87 2637 475 1988 159 * per 100,000 residents (WiOJA 2010)

o The overall Kenosha County rates for violent crimes in all categories except murder decreased from 2008 – 2009; within the county, the City of Kenosha accounts for the largest number of violent crimes in every category; in the City of Kenosha the violent crime rate dropped between 2008-2009 in all categories except murder.

Number of violent offenses and percent change, 2008-2009

* per 100,000 residents (WiOJA 2010)

o The overall Kenosha County rates for property crimes remained steady for property, burglary and theft, increased for arson and decreased for motor vehicle theft from 2008 – 2009; within the county, the City of Kenosha accounts for the largest number of property crimes in every category; in the City of Kenosha the property crime rate stayed the same or increased slightly in all categories between 2008-2009 with the exception of motor vehicle theft, which decreased.

Number of property offenses and percent change, 2008-2009

* per 100,000 residents (WiOJA 2010)

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o In 2000, Kenosha had the highest rates of incarceration for all males when compared with other Wisconsin counties with major cities and higher than the rate for the State of Wisconsin; Black males in particular are overrepresented in incarceration rates in Kenosha County (as they are throughout the State of Wisconsin prison system).

(Oliver 2010)

o In 2000, the Kenosha County incarceration rate for Black females was second only to that of Waukesha County amongst other Wisconsin counties with major cities; the rate is much higher than the overall rate for the State of Wisconsin.

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Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

o In 1999, the total prison admission rate for Kenosha County for Black individuals was higher than that of every other Wisconsin county with a major city and also higher than the rate for the State of Wisconsin; Blacks are significantly more likely to be incarcerated than are Whites in Kenosha County and in Wisconsin as a whole.

(Oliver 2010)

Assets • Overall health assets o Focus group participants noted that the Kenosha area generally has a strong supportive services sector with a wide range of resources for residents o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups also noted that the Family Care program was first piloted in Kenosha County and later implemented statewide o Kenosha County has a wide variety of hospitals and clinics; for a detailed map see Table 40. o For a list of public health services available in Kenosha County, see Appendix F.

• Access to health care o Beginning in June 2009, Kenosha Human Development Services helped more than 500 people submit applications to Badger Care; 358 people were enrolled and 43 applications were pending when program enrollment was frozen in fall 2009 (HPKC 2010) o The Navigator assists pregnant women with Medicaid in accessing prenatal care (HPKC 2010) o Twelve OB/GYNs and five family practice doctors in Kenosha County have agreed to take a target number of patients each month; about 400 women were referred to physicians in 2009 (HPKC 2010)

• Pregnancy and childbirth o Kenosha is one of four Wisconsin counties awarded $200,000 planning grants from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health to reduce the black-white infant mortality gap: the Kenosha coalition is being led by the Black Health Coalition of Greater Kenosha and includes strong partnerships with the Kenosha County Department of Human Services and the United Way of Kenosha County along with support from local faith-based organizations, health care systems and community groups (UW-SMPH 2010)

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• Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs o In the Kenosha focus groups, a participant mentioned the Concerned Citizens Coalition as providing substance abuse prevention services o In 2009, Kenosha County began its first Drug Court, a special court that hears selected cases involving non-violent substance-abusing offenders (HPKC 2010) o In 2009, Kenosha County held its first medicine collection day at Gateway Technical College, collecting 620 pounds of non-controlled mediation, 34 pounds of controlled medication and 17 pounds of inhalers/aerosols

• Mental health o Historically, mental health and substance abuse services have been provided by KHDS; in 2009 the organization reorganized and renamed these services “Mental Health and Substance Abuse Resource Center” to raise the profile of the services provided (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha Human Development Services (KHDS) began a Community Support Program in 2010 to provide support services to people with severe and persistent mental illness (KHDS 2010) o In 2009, the Kenosha KARE Center, an 11-bed residential facility for short-term, intensive mental health and crisis services, added a Psychiatric Physician’s Assistant, allowing the center to reduce mental health inpatient and institute placements by 17% and grow its own admissions by 8% (HPKC 2010)

• Asthma o In 2009, the Kenosha County Division of Health received a HUD Healthy Homes Initiative grant to offer in-home assessments focusing on asthma and allergy triggers and indoor air quality in the homes of minor children (HPKC 2010)

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• Crime and violence o In the Kenosha focus group the SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners) program for rape victims was mentioned as a community asset. o Kenosha has an adult drug court o Participants in the Kenosha focus group noted the Gang Prevention initiative of the school system as innovative and an asset o The Wisconsin Department of Corrections funds a county-administered day reporting center in Kenosha County; the center provides cost savings by keeping offenders out of the prison system

COST AND COST SAVINGS FOR DAY REPORTING CENTERS

(Battiato)

Needs • Health Care Access: o Kenosha County has set a goal of ensuring that every resident of the county has access to a primary care provider (medical and dental) regardless of race and ethnicity, socio- economic status, and with sensitivity to cultural and language disparities (HPKC 2010) o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups noted that only a small number of providers in the community accept Medicaid and that single adults without children have a hard time accessing health care o In a survey of Kenosha WIC/Food Pantry clients, over one-third of respondents (38%, or 35 out of 92) strongly agreed that finding a dentist is a challenge for people in poverty in Kenosha—the highest-rated item in the survey. Nearly as many (37%, or 33 out of 90) agreed that paying for medications/doctor is a challenge (WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010). • Pregnancy and childbirth: o Kenosha has set a goal of reducing the incidence of teen and young adult unplanned pregnancies (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha also has a goal of reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (HPKC 2010) Page 85 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

• Obesity and diabetes o Kenosha County has set a goal to increase the proportion of residents who engage in daily physical activity (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County has also set a goal to reduce the proportion of children, adolescents and adults who are overweight or obese (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County has set a goal of promoting healthy diets (HPKC 2010) • Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs: o Kenosha County has identified a need to hold more medicine collection days (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County is targeting second-hand smoke exposure as a risk that needs to be reduced (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County has set a goal of reducing the incidence of youth tobacco, alcohol and other drug use (HPKC 2010) o For many youth ATODA indicators, it seems no baseline is available and no targets have been set; in order to better understand the current state of youth ATODA risk in the county, a regular (every two years) Youth Risk Behavior Survey should be implemented, at the very least by the Kenosha Unified School District, and the results made available to the public. • Mental Health: o Participants in the Kenosha focus groups mentioned there is no place in Kenosha County for people to receive inpatient care for a mental health crisis o Kenosha County has set goals to reduce the stigma of mental health by increasing the number of people who understand people with mental health disorders can recover through treatment and that they are capable of sustaining long-term, productive employment (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County goals include increasing cultural competence of mental health services in the county (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County has identified a need to increase access to “best practice” and “evidence-based” mental health treatments (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County is striving to divert persons with mental illness who are involved in the criminal justice system into treatment when feasible (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County desires to make local access to mental health services available and affordable to all residents (HPKC 2010) o Kenosha County wishes to achieve parity for mental health treatment in both governmental and private insurance plans (HPKC 2010) • Asthma: o Kenosha County has set a goal of reducing the asthma hospitalization rate to 8.5 per 100,000 population (HPKC 2010) • Crime and violence: o In an online survey conducted in April 2009 (USHUD 2010), respondents listed several crime-related needs for the City of Kenosha, including: 39% reported their feelings about safety in their neighborhoods had worsened over the last 5 years; They cited increased theft, vandalism, break-ins; absentee landlords of rental properties allowing property to get run-down; increased gang activity, and lack of pride in condition of the neighborhood

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Key Informant Interviews - Kenosha County

Purpose The Planning Council conducted key informant interviews with community leaders to explore and gather information about the needs of people in poverty, barriers to addressing those needs, services available in the community and gaps in services, and what else could be done to address issues of poverty. This information was gathered so that the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency (RKCAA) can better serve low-income residents in Kenosha County.

Methodology Together, RKCAA and Planning Council staff developed a list of potential key informants, which included key community leaders and RKCAA board members. From that list, Planning Council staff indentified three board members and five community members in Kenosha County to interview. These individuals represented various sectors, including government, business, non- profit, and philanthropy. An email was sent to these eight people during the week of March 22nd 2010 describing the purpose and scope of the interviews. If interested in participating, the subjects were asked to contact the Planning Council to schedule an interview during the weeks of April 5th through April 19th, 2010. As interviews were confirmed, a follow-up email was sent to participants giving them additional information about the Planning Council and how the information from the interview would be used. A reminder email was also sent a few days before each scheduled interview. Initially, nine individuals agreed to participate in the interviews. One potential interviewee did not respond to multiple requests made by Planning Council staff to be interviewed. All persons interviewed are listed in Appendix A.

Interviews were conducted during the first three weeks in April at locations chosen by the participants. Most interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. All interviews were conducted by a junior or senior staff person from the Planning Council and were documented by the Assistant Planner.

A set of open-ended questions was designed to guide key informants in the discussion (see Appendix B for the full set of questions). Key informants were asked to describe their perceptions of:

1. Top needs of people in poverty in the Kenosha community, 2. Systemic barriers to addressing the needs of people in poverty, 3. Gaps in community services, 4. Strengths and weaknesses of the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency in addressing poverty, and 5. Changes that would address poverty in Kenosha.

Additionally, key informants were asked to examine a list of major resources in the community to identify any services that were missing. This list was revised based on their feedback and can be found in Appendix F. Participants were also asked to identify additional data sources, many of which have been included in the first section of this report. Interviewees were asked to share the names of other potential key informants as well. Based on this information, the Planning

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Council contacted three additional people for interviews; two of the three agreed to participate and were interviewed during the first two weeks in May, 2010. The people that key informants suggested as potential additional interviewees are listed in Appendix A.

A total of eleven (11) key informants were interviewed in April and May 2010, for about one hour apiece. These individuals have been involved in addressing poverty in Kenosha in a variety of roles, including directors/presidents/leaders of agencies, managers, and educators. Of the eleven key informants, three were current RKCAA board members. Their perspectives were wide-ranging and their expertise encompassed human and social services, basic needs, mental health, nutrition, legal issues, economic support, education, and community and workforce development.

Detailed notes from the interviews were reviewed using qualitative analytic techniques. Key themes were manually coded and relevant quotes related to those themes were identified.

Limitations The key informant viewpoints described in this section of the report are restricted to the thoughts and opinions of the limited number of participants and are not presented as representative of all community leaders or RKCAA board members. Nonetheless, interviews are useful in gathering deeper insights and perspectives on topics from people who know the subject well.

Key Informant Interview Themes

Top needs of people in poverty in Kenosha

“I think to address this, a lot has to happen; it’s not like one thing is going to fix it. You can’t just bring in more government money or just have agencies working together. It has to be like an orchestra. In order to work, agencies, communities, and money all has to there.”

The leaders interviewed all expressed the idea that poverty is a complex web in which causes and symptoms cannot easily be understood, disentangled or solved. Having acknowledged the difficult nature of the problem, each interviewee brought his or her own experience to bear and came up with a short list of top needs of people in poverty in Kenosha. The needs mentioned are listed below, starting with those mentioned by the most interviewees.

• Jobs/Income Nearly everyone interviewed acknowledged that the need for jobs that pay a living wage and have benefits is the foremost need of people living in poverty. The advantages of having a stable income that allows a person to access other basic needs such as housing, medical care, food and transportation are obvious. Several interviewees pointed out that for people who cannot work, for instance the elderly or people with disabilities, Social Security or SSI income presents its own challenges and often is not adequate to cover basic needs. There were also several mentions of the changing nature of the population that is jobless due to the current economy. Having all job-related services in one location, at the Kenosha County Job Center, was mentioned by several people as a great asset to area residents. Page 88 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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“Unemployment is high throughout the counties [Kenosha and Racine] . . . . ”

“Jobs.”

“Income is number one. Work opportunities that pay more with more benefits is a need.”

“SnapOn world headquarters was here and so was Ocean Spray world headquarters. Chrysler was here when American Motors shut down and Chrysler bought it. SnapOn moved and the Ocean Spray factory cut way back. They hire and then cut off. McWhite, which worked in rope and wire, closed. They actually knocked it down. . . . There have been a few new openings in the industrial park, like Unified Solutions out by Jelly Belly on Green Bay Road. But they start out at $8.50.”

“We have a different population coming in now [to the Kenosha County Job Center] due to the state of the economy.”

“People who worked at Chrysler or American Motors got paid $20 an hour. They were the ones who said ‘Oh, those welfare people.’ Now they’re in that group. . . . Unemployment is the new welfare.”

“Those who can’t work (i.e. disabled) are in a really difficult situation, even if they manage to get SSI, still very hard to make ends meet.”

“Prior to having services in this location [Kenosha County Job Center], people had to go to several places before they had all of the services they needed. It was good to develop a site to come for everything they needed related to unemployment and family supports.”

• Affordable/safe housing Finding and keeping affordable, safe housing was acknowledged by many of the key informants as a top need for people living in poverty. Interviewees acknowledged repeatedly the interconnected nature of the needs they were talking about, for instance, that lack of a job makes housing unaffordable, and that having an unstable living situation makes it difficult for people in poverty to get and keep jobs.

“Affordable housing is needed, but if people had decent jobs, it is relatively affordable.”

“According to our assessments of what people are coming here for . . . . Housing was very high the list as well last year.”

“Housing is a huge one. How to obtain affordable housing and keep up with it is a need.”

• Health care When discussing health care, the key informants covered a wide range of related areas, mentioning a lack of insurance, limited behavioral/mental health/addiction services, lack of providers of dental care, and the high cost of health care and medicine generally. Page 89 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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“90% of our patients are at or below the poverty level. We are edging towards 70% who are on Medicaid; the remaining 25% or so are uninsured and the rest are on Medicare or have some other kind of commercial insurance.”

“As many dentists and chairs that I have is how many I can serve. Last year we served 41,000 people. It is projected that we will serve over 68,000. There are an estimated 48,000 underserved people in Kenosha, 32,000 people who are Medicaid eligible, and another 16,000 who are uninsured. . . . We are still not even touching a third of those in need.”

“Some people may really need medication, though, and they can’t afford the co- pay.”

“Behavioral health is also a top need in the community.”

“Mental health is a big need, especially in the Latino community.”

“Midwives are the most effective model in Milwaukee for people who are underserved. There are great outcomes; this has been proven across the country, but we don’t have midwives in Racine or Kenosha. We don’t because obstetricians don’t want it. When is the community going to step up and say we have a need?”

• Education Education was mentioned often in the interviews, primarily in terms of matching people’s education to real job requirements, having higher expectations for youth in school, and changing parents’ mindsets about education.

“A lot of students never graduate or get a GED. This is a huge issue.”

“Education levels that are needed for the jobs.”

“We need to start young and motivate youth to aim higher in terms of education. If mom didn’t have a good experience in school, her child probably won’t either, and that child’s mother may not encourage her to go. We need to help parents get over that and place expectations on their kids to do well. There is a need to do something to break this cycle.”

“Definitely education. Lots of times parents don’t finish high school. That’s a major issue.”

“Education. I’ve put three children through public schools and each time they start with a class of 700 and end with a class of 400. I want to know what happens to those 300 kids.”

• Transportation Informants talked often about how difficult it is for people living in poverty in Kenosha to access transportation in general. They also acknowledged that this is another “chicken-an- egg” issue, where lack of income keeps people from having reliable transportation, and lack of transportation prevents them from getting and keeping jobs. Page 90 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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“Transportation is another issue for people who don’t have cars. Public transportation is not that good.”

“Aurora is out on 104th Street . . . . Imagine taking a bus from 22nd Avenue to 104th Street.”

“I’m going to throw transportation in the mix because it stinks. You can’t get to where you are going, and it is hard to get anywhere on time. It’s a huge issue for kids in poverty. They never go on schedule; it stinks.”

“We’ve talked about commuter rail between the communities, but you know what’s going on with that. It’s a big issue.”

• Access to benefits/services Interviewees expressed the belief that many people living in poverty, and particularly the undocumented, have trouble accessing services. This includes finding services and gaining a basic understanding of what they qualify for. There was also a sense that many people are embarrassed or reluctant to admit they need help, particularly people who are facing challenges due to the recent downturn in the economy. Knowing if services will be provided in a confidential manner is an important need for these people, and for clients generally.

“I think that easy access to services is a need. I think that a lot of times people don’t know where to go or how to get there. It’s also a challenge if they don’t have transportation or a computer to look up information about services. I would say access is the biggest need.”

“I would say that not just knowing where the services are, but also the need for counseling once you get there. People don’t always understand what they do and do not qualify for. They need the right guidance about what kinds of applications to fill out in order to get approved for assistance.”

“Some people can’t even get the school to do an IEP, even though there are clear Federal requirements to do them. One of our employees asked for an IEP and they were strongly discouraged.”

“Undocumented people are an issue because they can’t access benefits and they need to rely on secondary resources.”

“The other big thing that comes to mind is the confidentiality piece. People don’t want to be seen in that environment so I think the privacy thing would be the third top need.”

“There is a stigma attached to living in a smaller house, or downsizing, or God forbid, if they went to the Shalom Center. People are worried about who will see them.”

• Opportunities and hope The need to see that there are ways out of poverty was mentioned by some interviewees. They felt that if the community had more mixed income and racial neighborhoods, and more opportunities in general, then some of the other problems might lessen. Page 91 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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“It is important that neighborhoods have mixed living, particularly when it comes to income level. Race and all that is nice, but income is what’s really important. Kids who live where nobody is doing well, don’t see a way out. When you see a mix of people, that’s important. Kids need to see that there’s a way out.”

“There are kids selling drugs to support their families because they can’t afford to buy their kids cell phones or clothes. Sometimes the parents just look the other way because they’re frustrated that they can’t provide for their kids.”

“Another need is for support systems. When things get tough, who can you go to who will help you out? It’s not just system support; it’s so much more than that. I’m talking about emotional support you get from families. These are the things that people need.”

“Opportunity.”

• Needs of people living west of the Interstate In a few conversations, key informants discussed the differences and similarities east and west of the Interstate.

“People on the west side of the county have similar issues.”

“I don’t know that the needs are different [east and west of the Interstate]; I think the services just aren’t out there. My husband works west of the I; it’s like a different personality out there.”

• Other needs A variety of other needs experienced by people living in poverty in Kenosha were mentioned occasionally during the interviews, including access to child care, food, and legal representation.

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Systemic barriers to addressing the needs of people in poverty in Kenosha

The key informants spoke of a variety of systemic barriers that they believe are preventing the needs expressed above from being met in Kenosha. As was the case for the needs, interviewees recognized that the systems they were talking about often overlapped or existed in symbiotic relationships, sometimes causing new challenges even when attempting to put solutions into place. Their replies were examined and placed into general categories, which are listed below starting with those mentioned by the largest number of interviewees.

• The cycle of poverty Nearly all of the leaders interviewed expressed the idea that poverty is a cycle that is extremely difficult to break for a wide variety of reasons. Some of the reasons mentioned were a lack of understanding of the cycle of poverty; a community mindset of what poverty looks like and where it comes from; and the feelings of helplessness and lack of voice of those who are experiencing the effects of living in poverty.

“We have people who are stuck in the cycle of poverty and don’t know how to get out. . . . We need to make sure that there are resources out there, but we need to also put the responsibility on them to seek them out. We give people more fish more often than we teach them how to fish. This keeps them in that cycle.”

“. . . it’s harder to get out of poverty today. The reason is that there aren’t as many jobs with good benefits that pay well. People in Kenosha working in 1977 made more money in real dollars than people are making today. They made $10 an hour with benefits. This is a blue collar town, with a good living. It’s harder to get out of poverty because jobs with benefits are not there.”

“We’re seeing an increased level of homelessness which many people are denying and don’t see it happening. Or they think it’s single men coming here from Illinois, but statistics don’t support that.”

“First, the issues need to be known. People with issues need to speak up, but they feel like they shouldn’t, or they think that they’re not entitled, or that nothing could be done.”

• Barriers to work/income Nearly as many key informants talked about the interconnected systems that, if one system fails, can become an insurmountable barrier to getting and keeping jobs. Some of the systems mentioned included education, transportation, day care, and the judicial system.

“It’s the domino theory. . . . If you have no money you need to move out, but to get money you need a job, but to have a job you need a car, but without a job you have to move out. It’s a vicious circle. Where do you jump in? What do you need first?”

“Employment barriers include lack of education, lack of a driver’s license or transit and child care. . . . then you start getting into subcategories. There are problems with criminal record discrimination and other issues. This is much more

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prevalent in the poverty population. They can’t always talk for themselves, either. . . . After a while, you start to feel hopeless. ”

“The city won’t change bus routes or times. They say they don’t have enough funding and that they need to go where their ridership is. Most buses are in the business parks and not in the city. Sometimes buses will go once in the morning and once in the evening. Second and third shifters have a real problem transportation-wise.”

“In early 2000, we ran a shuttle to jobs. But the starting time was so different for each employer that it was difficult to connect people to their jobs. We ended up discontinuing that service after six months.”

“The problem with child care is that initially, people are not aware of providers that are out there. . . . There are over 200 child care providers in Kenosha, but people aren’t making the right connections. They may have trouble finding one that is close to home.”

“There are not a lot of child care places for children who are disabled and they are very expensive. You have to buy a slot for the whole week, no matter how many times you use it.”

• Policies and politics About half of interviewees made mention of policies or politics getting in the way of solving the problems faced by people living in poverty.

“Federal/state government resources are not as consistent as needed, particularly in Kenosha, where there is ongoing tension between the City and the County. The City feels it pays the County to take care of problems, but the County doesn’t get enough other support from the State to really take care of things.”

“Egos. There are lots of powerful people and when you get them in the room together we need to ask them to check their egos at the door.”

“I can’t think of any Latino elected officials that people feel connected to. . . . There are no politicians who can relate to us in any way.”

• Early life circumstances that are difficult to overcome Nearly half of those interviewed spent some time talking about how difficult it is to overcome negative early life experiences such as dropping out of school, being convicted of a crime, having a baby as a teenager, or being abused/neglected.

“When you look over time, look back on who does okay and who does not. The lack of support is a huge factor. This is particularly true for those who don’t get off to a good start in America. It’s hard to catch up. . . . If you start out being abused and neglected and don’t have any schooling, you’ll have rough go. This lends itself to poverty.”

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“I would also say that we should not be putting kids in adult court if they’re 17. . . . Almost all states who implemented this found that it didn’t work and they went back. . . . If you think about it, 16- to 17-year-olds that get into the criminal justice system do four to five years. They often catch another offense pretty quick. Before they know it, they’re 27 and some may never have worked and may not have their GED.”

“Children having children is not a good idea. 15-, 16-, 17-, 18-year-olds having babies is not a sentence to poverty, but it’s not a good start.”

• Lack of service coordination Key informants pointed out several systemic challenges that prevent services for people living in poverty from being as effective as they could be. Challenges mentioned ranged from internal agency policies and ways of providing services to scope of services to lack of coordination between service providers.

“Coordination of services. It’s what we don’t do. We need to create a mindset that we won’t duplicate services. . . . It’s territorial; this is what stops people.”

“ . . . I think teamwork is needed; agencies working together. You hear of one doing one thing and another doing another. We could do so much more if we partner together. I think that sometimes having multiple services confuses people because they don’t know where to go. People go to the CAA for one thing, the Shalom Center for another, and the Job Center. There are too many different places. We need to build one team to address the issues or work together.”

“The biggest problem is the lack of coordination amongst social service agencies. The County of Kenosha centralized many of the services that they provide in the Job Center; this was an attempt to coordinate. . . . Oftentimes, multiple programs are serving the same population and they struggle to understand what everyone does and how to coordinate that. We have an outreach worker that does that.”

“I would push for juvenile services [in the foster care system] through their 21st birthday, not their 18th. This is what they do in Illinois and Iowa. . . . These studies have shown that kids aging out of foster care do much better because they have services until they’re 21. Systemically, it’s important.”

• Fair/affordable housing Some key informants talked about systemic problems within the housing markets as experienced by people in poverty.

“The Mayor and City of Kenosha isn’t quite as progressive with its block grant money. Some in Kenosha want to take HOME money and turn it into rental assistance. . . . Rental units are very strongly discouraged. We are not allowed to develop anything other than single family homes. They say this is where the need is. In some ways, I think it’s the community’s way of dealing with rental housing causing problems in neighborhoods. Some landlords have records of renting to troublemakers, and this is the City’s way of dealing with it. I think that if the right organizations are working with people, they can be good tenants and good neighbors.”

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“On the near northwest side, they have torn down eight multi-unit buildings that were built on long blocks and replaced them with single-family homes. They would rather attract homeowners than renters because homeowners typically have a higher income than renters, and they pay more taxes.”

• Geographic divide The difficulty of providing services that will be accessible to people on both sides of the Interstate was mentioned by several key informants.

“People in poverty west of the ‘I’ don’t necessarily leave to access services. The Achievement Center tried to get some shuttle services out there, but it was just a band-aid to what the need is, I think.”

“Do [people living west of the Interstate] know how to find resources to meet their needs? I don’t know. I would say it’s true that they may not want to access services because they don’t want to admit that they have a need, but I don’t think it’s different in the city. I think the main reason that people west of the ‘I’ are not accessing services is more about going to the city; they have a fear of the city.”

“One thing that I want to mention is that it is harder to provide services to residents of the west end of the county. Services tend to get concentrated here because people are concentrated here. This is a gap. It is harder to get information to those individuals and to find them. They hesitate to come to the city to access services. I don’t think they have a problem accessing services that are near to them, but services out there aren’t concentrated, and, in some instances, they have to come into town. Some people think this is too far to go.”

• Other systemic barriers Interviewees mentioned a variety of other systemic barriers to serving the needs of people living in poverty in Kenosha, including lack of buy-in from the faith community, not perceiving health/mental health as a priority, and city image issues. The key informant from the Latino community delineated the effects of the language barrier faced by the Spanish-speaking community in particular.

“Language is a barrier of my community on a day-to-day basis. Children struggle in the schools and in doctor’s offices; it’s a major issue.”

“The mental health issue is more with Latinos because there are no psychologists who speak Spanish; that I know. If an adult or child needs help, and I’ve seen this happen, they need a translator to get their issue taken care of. No people speak the language. . . . There are not a lot of doctors who speak Spanish.”

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Gaps in community services in Kenosha

The key informants were asked to reflect on whether the services currently being provided in Kenosha adequately meet the needs of people in poverty there, and to discuss any gaps in services of which they were aware. The following is a summary of their thoughts, arranged in order beginning with the gaps mentioned by the most interviewees. In many cases, their responses echoed themes already mentioned; therefore this section attempts to include only thoughts or ideas not yet covered earlier in this report.

• Current programs/services need to be expanded to serve more people

“There are not a lot of non-profits here for the size of our community.”

“Transportation is always a gap. We have no bus service at night and it is limited on the weekends. We are still a society that is about automobiles. For the poor, it’s a hard road to go.”

“I think the biggest issue is not that services don’t exist, but it’s a question of capacity. I think we could do more of what we’re doing. Some things are not here, but first I would try to increase the capacity of existing services. If rental assistance was doubled, the CAA would spend it all. Food pantries would give more food, transitional housing would house more homeless. If we had services, people would tend to use them in the community.”

“I wish we had more money for job training for this summer. It’s challenging across the board with the economy the way it is. People wonder why kids are getting jobs, but not dads. We pay minimum wage. Some places were hiring kids and paying them $9.50, and dads weren’t even making that. It was a bad situation. We needed to find a balance between kids and adults.”

“There are gaps in youth development activities, resources and centers. There are a lot of silos. Ask teens around here what there is to do. They are hurting. They do have community centers, but they aren’t doing the trick. They only serve a small population a small part of the time.

“Juvenile delinquency. There is no juvenile facility in Kenosha. Kenosha rented space in Racine. But they found cheaper space in Waukesha so now the Kenosha youth are sent to Waukesha – far away.”

“For housing there needs to be more Section 8 housing; there needs to be more housing that is darn near free.”

“What I envision for my community, and not just the Latino community but in general, would be to have people know each other. There should be a center or yearly events where Latinos, Whites and Blacks could get to know each other; it would be like getting to know your neighbors.”

“Mental health services. There is nothing in Kenosha, so people end up going to Racine St. Luke’s Hospital, but it’s often full so then they end up in Mendota, far away.”

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“There should also be better senior employment services for people age 50 and older. We have a senior program, but only one. We found from our surveys that people in this age range are struggling to find employment; employers want younger workers.”

“I think we lose sight of the middle and lower middle class. W2 and food stamps are not available for people who make $10/hour. But they are not making it on that paycheck either. I think a lot of programs lose sight of that. They are barely making it and they have two to three jobs just to maintain and they don’t qualify for services.”

• Current programs/services need to be of higher quality

“I forgot to say money for quality programs. I have seen staff burn out because short-staffed agencies due to lack of funds. This brings an extreme amount of pressure to employees and will lower quality of services as well as numbers of services.”

“We need activities for kids, and not just sports. We need to improve our community centers. They often only have basketball, and a lot want other opportunities than that. Basketball is not gang prevention.”

“Day care needs to be looked at. It’s a scary thing. . . . Some centers are open 24 hours and they are not supposed to be. A lot are and they run kids through like a conveyor belt. They don’t have places for them to sleep.”

“Programs that have a clear and realistic mission and vision. Most important programs include an outcome measurement piece.”

Changes that would address poverty in Kenosha

When asked what one thing they would like to see happen in Kenosha to address poverty, the key informants returned to many of the same issues and topics already mentioned. Improved inter-agency collaboration was mentioned by the most people, followed by jobs. Other changes mentioned included reducing the incarceration rate, education, and community acknowledgement of the issues involved in poverty. One person mentioned the importance of tracking data to know what services and programs are effective. Another emphasized reaching out to people in western portions of the county. Finally, one interviewee pointed out that people in poverty need to learn to value themselves.

“I look at the community and I see a lot of need. If there was a way to prioritize projects and build unity amongst the teams and make some progress, that would be ideal. Has anybody, or could [RKCAA] bring the heads of agencies together to talk about what’s going on. It would be great to have a forum where leaders could say what we do and here’s what the need is. As far as I can tell, none of them are competitive, they all are trying to solve a need. I don’t know that anybody’s doing it, but it would be great to put something like that together. . . . Why

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reinvent the wheel? Partner up and learn from each other. That’s something I’d like to see.”

“I think that we need to get together a group of key leaders, and not just the County Executive and the Mayor, but a group of us. I think this is something the CAA could do. Pull a group together in a non-threatening way and talk about community development issues. They would not be coordinating efforts, but doing it in a strategic way.”

“I think I’d like to see people stop thinking poorly. I don’t know if that can happen. The way I see it is you have poor people on one side and people who are not in poverty on the other side. The people who are not in poverty expect less from those who are in poverty. People in poverty start to expect less, too. So, that’s what I mean by people in poverty needing to stop thinking poorly. They need to value themselves. They are so resourceful. They need to think of themselves as people of value; they do have great value. That’s what’ll end poverty or at least bring it to very low numbers.”

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Focus Groups-Kenosha County

Purpose The Planning Council conducted focus groups with service providers and low-income seniors in Kenosha County to explore and gather information about the challenges people in poverty face; what resources are available and what resources are needed to assist people in poverty; and suggestions to address poverty in Kenosha County. This information was gathered so that the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency (RKCAA) can better serve low-income residents in Kenosha County.

Methodology The RKCAA and Planning Council staff identified specific groups of people to engage in a guided discussion. Groups that were identified were 1) Kenosha County service providers and 2) older adults in subsidized housing. For the focus group with service providers: • The Planning Council staff, in cooperation with RKCAA staff, identified organizations that address various needs in the community, including: housing/homelessness, energy assistance, emergency food, workforce development, aging/disability, education, domestic/sexual abuse, and health. • Sent an email invitation to agency directors asking them to identify and send one representative to a focus group. • Made follow up calls and sent emails to those participants identified to participate in the focus group. • Sent an email reminder two days before the focus group. For the focus group with seniors: • The Planning Council provided background information on the focus group (for example, flyers and information sheet) to the staff of Franciscan Ministries to assist with informing residents about the focus group. • Staff at Franciscan Ministries placed at Glenwood Apartments and Assisi Homes in Kenosha County recruited residents to participate the focus group (each facility was asked to recruit six focus group participants). • Staff of Franciscan Ministries provided verbal reminders the day before and the morning of the focus group to those residents who signed up. As an incentive for participating, focus group members were entered into a drawing to win a $25 Woodman’s gift card. The two focus groups lasted approximately 90 minutes. Both groups were facilitated by the Planning Council’s Associate Planner and documented by the Assistant Planner and either an intern or a fellow. A set of open-ended questions was designed to guide focus group participants in the discussion (see Appendix D for the full set of questions). Focus group participants were asked to talk about:

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1. One positive thing about the community, 2. Most significant needs or challenges faced by people in poverty, 3. Needs that are well met by the existing resources, 4. Resources that could be expanded and those that are missing, and 5. Changes that would address poverty in Kenosha. Service providers were also asked to describe what has been done to ensure coordination in service delivery for people affected by poverty. Those who participated in the older adult focus group were asked to provide basic demographic and background information before the focus group discussion started. Detailed notes from the focus groups were reviewed using qualitative analytic techniques. Key themes were manually coded and illustrative quotes related to those themes were identified.

Limitations The viewpoints in this section of the report are limited to the thoughts and opinions of the focus group participants and are not presented as representative of all Kenosha County service providers or older adults. Nonetheless, the issues and themes discussed provide some insight into the experiences of people who work with those in poverty or those who identify themselves as being low-income.

Focus Group Participants A total of 23 people participated in the two focus groups; 11 attended the service provider focus group (all who signed up attend) and 12 attended the older adult focus group (13 had signed up). Representatives from the following agencies participated in the service provider focus group: Aging and Disability Resource Center of Kenosha County, Kenosha County Human Services Department, Kenosha Literacy Council, Kenosha Unified School District, Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency, Salvation Army, Shalom Center, Urban Outreach Center (ELCA), and Walkin In My Shoes, Inc., and WoMen’s and Children’s Horizons. Demographic and background information was captured for the focus group with older adults using a brief survey (see Appendix E). Information was available for all 12 individuals who participated in the older adult focus group, although a few of the surveys were not filled out completely.2 The vast majority of participants were female,3 and all who completed the survey said that they were over 61 years of age.4 Most reported that they were White/Caucasian5 and most said they had lived in Racine/Kenosha for 10 years or longer.6

2 One survey was missing information about age and another was missing information about how long he had lived in Racine/Kenosha. 3 Nine of the participants were female; three were male. 4 One participant declined to answer. 5 Ten reported their ethnicity as being White/Caucasian and two reported being African American/Black. 6 Five said they had lived in Racine/Kenosha 10 years or longer, three said they had lived in the area for 1-3 years, three said they had lived in the area for 4-9 years, and one declined to answer. Page 101 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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Focus Group Summary

Positive qualities of the community When asked to discuss positive qualities of the community, focus group participants reported feeling a sense of closeness with their community. One important aspect of this closeness, as reported by participants, was the perception participants had of their neighbors, residents in the larger community, and service providers as genuinely caring people who help support one another. For example: “I’ve lived in Kenosha all my life, and, even though it’s growing, it still has a small town feel and we all support one another.” “I like that the community is very family orientated and supportive.” “I love living here. People have been great to me, helping me.” Participants in the focus group with seniors commented on the camaraderie that is shared between residents in the housing development, describing their neighbors as friendly and helpful. Focus group participants noted that the location of the housing development near shopping areas, stores, etc. was convenient for them. A few participants noted that the senior housing development offered a “nice and quiet” living environment, that information on where to get help was provided to residents, and that, in general, there needs were being met. In the focus group with service providers, participants reported that at the individual and organizational levels, people actively come together to support each other. For example: “The best part is our residents and caring citizens that care about the needs of people living in poverty.” “We have a great network of interactive community agencies to provide the best resources we can with what the resources that are available to us.” “In this community it seems that workers are really willing to go the extra mile to help if someone has a question or needs help with a referral or a resource.” A few participants noted that given the size of Kenosha County, the area was fortunate to have such a range of resources to support residents and that many of its programs were innovative (for example, English as a Second Language program and the Gang Prevention initiative in the schools). It was noted that several well known programs (for example, Family Care) were first piloted in Kenosha County and later implemented in other communities across the state and nationally. One participant reported one positive quality about Kenosha County is that service providers come together to address community problems. In general, focus group participants cited the strengths of support services in the community as an asset.

Most significant needs or challenges facing people in poverty • Transportation Issues In general, participants in both focus groups cited the lack of public transportation in certain areas of the community, limited bus routes, and the long wait times for buses as issues for people in poverty. It was noted by a few participants that workers might have a difficult time accessing jobs because the hours when buses run are different from the hours when some people need transportation to and from work such. This challenge was cited as an issues, particularly for third-shift workers. Participants provided some insight on challenges for working people with low-income. For example:

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“A lot of entry level jobs are on the west side of Kenosha and the new Wal-Mart is out there, but the buses don’t go there. Some of my clients have lost jobs because they don’t have bus transportation.” “If they have to drop their child off at day care and then wait 30 minutes for another bus, it takes an hour of their day just to get to work.” Some participants in the focus group with seniors noted that even if public transportation is available, it is often inconvenient for seniors with accessibility issues. Seniors who have a difficult time walking to the bus stop require transportation services that pick them up closer to their front door. Participants also reported that it would be beneficial if bus routes included specific destinations where a range of services, businesses, and activities are available (for example, at Wal-Mart you can buy groceries, clothing, and pick up medications). • Availability of Health Care, Oral Health and Other Health Services Participants in both focus groups discussed issues with Medicaid and Medicare. In general, participants reported that health care was not affordable, issues with coverage, and finding a professional who accepts government-sponsored health insurance. In discussing Medicaid, participants reported that a small number of providers in the community accept Medicaid or Medical Assistance, and that the problems accessing health care were more challenging for single adults without children. In the focus group with seniors, participants discussed in detail the affordability of prescription drugs and being denied coverage while on Medicare. For example: “I cannot afford my meds. It’s absolutely horrible. They paid for my prescriptions until Part D ran out. I was paying $1,000/month until I had that taken care of.” “I’m diabetic and my doctor said I should go back to testing daily, but Medicare denied it. The State said they will pay it, but for some reason they’re denying me. My asthma medication inhalers don’t last a whole month, but they don’t provide me with any more; it’s not enough. If you need more you have to pay out of pocket. It costs $100 for one inhaler.” “Just listen to what my doctor did this past month. She knew Medicare was going to deny the three times per day medicine that I was taking, but not if I took it two times per day; so what she did was she prescribed me different milligrams so that it went through. Instead of the 30 MGs and 20 MGs and I have one that’s 40 and 10, she’ll give me both of those and still get the 50 that I need.” Participants in the focus group with seniors noted that having a physician who knows how to work through the Medicare system could address some of these issues with the affordability prescription drugs and being denied coverage. • Employment Opportunities In the focus group with service providers, participants described their community as a “blue- collar town” that once had a strong manufacturing base that is now gone. A major concern cited was the lack of jobs that pay a living wage. For example: “Jobs to make people self sufficient are not there. They might find a job at Wal-Mart, but it doesn’t feed a family of five.” “Jobs that pay a living wage are the biggest need. The jobs that are open are in fast food or are for clerks; they don’t pay a sufficient wage, they are part time and don’t have benefits.”

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Participants noted that many jobs that hire workers with minimum skills often times do not provide career pathways for workers to advance, increase their skills, or increase their earnings. It was noted by participants that entrepreneurial efforts often provided people with employment options as they could create their own jobs, but that banking loans for small businesses have become increasingly difficult to acquire. Focus group participants also noted that many of the people who live in poverty have a difficult time finding jobs because of their limited work histories, not meeting educational requirements for a job, or lacking soft skills. • Quality and Affordable Education Participants in the focus group with service providers noted that expectations about educational attainment are unrealistic; that every student will not go to college, and that there is a need for more training in the trades (for example, carpentry, barber, plumber, etc.) for students who do not attend college. It was noted by participants that emphasis of education should be placed on training students who will enter the workforce directly after high school as well as for those students who are college bound. Participants noted that some students who live in poverty often times lack the self-esteem and confidence to purse education and that the lack of interest in school sometimes is brought on when a parent has had a negative experience with the school system. A few participants noted that many parents who may have not completed school themselves might have a difficult time assisting their children with their studies. Participants noted also noted that youth sometimes get off track because of gangs and bullying, and there is a need to for supports to get youth back on track. Focus group participants reported that adults who want to return to school have a difficult time because there is a lack of scholarship funding to pay for school and that other life demands make attending school difficult (for example, finding childcare, or transportation). For example: “It’s hard to get an education when you have a family and when you work full time and you have to go home and feed your kids, spend time with them, clean the house, go to night school and then do it all again in the morning.” “[People in poverty need] access to education and childcare, so mothers can go to school.” “People with decent paying jobs still have a hard time going to college to get a masters or Ph.D. It’s 10,000 times that [harder] for somebody with kids or who works at McDonalds and gets no benefits; it’s not worth it.” • Meeting Basic Needs In the focus group with seniors, participants commented on the need for affordable housing. At least one participant noted that the range in rental prices in different neighborhoods influences where seniors decide to live. This participant suggested that some seniors live in neighborhoods that are not ideal for their overall quality of life. Focus group participants also noted that many seniors, whose income sources include retirement plans or social security, struggle to get by because income remains flat, while the cost of living increases. Participants also noted that food services with special dietary options are a need for older adults. There was some concern with the lack of availability of fresh fruits and vegetables and the need for meals to be prepared that include options for people with diabetes. • Physical Environment and Accessibility Participants in the focus group with seniors noted that the physical environment is sometimes restrictive for older people or people with disabilities. Participants cited a number Page 104 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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of challenges that prevent people with disabilities from moving around in their neighborhoods and in public spaces: (1) lack of door openers, (2) need more sidewalks and sidewalks wide enough for wheelchairs, (3) need ramps in the back of buildings, (4) need flat and even surfaces to building entrances, and (5) need more snow removal in the winter. • Financial Support for Service Providers In the focus group with service providers, participants noted that dwindling federal funds for programs has been challenging for organizations. Participants noted that it is difficult to obtain funding for operating costs (for example, rent, utilities, etc.). The funding dilemma was described by participants has having a negative affect on staff and the ability to pay quality human service workers to staff programs. As put by several participants: “We have been operating for five years on a shoestring budget.” “It’s hard to find money to keep the doors open and pay the staff to run the programs that are funded by the feds.” Participants noted that the process of seek local public funding is extremely politically charged and that sometimes organizations must wait long time-periods before receiving funding. As put by one participant: “We are going for CDBG funds and are about to have our sixth meeting. We started this process two years ago and we still don’t know if it is approved.” Focus group participants acknowledged that presence of funding sources in the community (for example, United Way, the Kenosha Community Fund, Community Development Block Grant, and the Wisconsin Housing Economic Development Association), but noted that it is a challenge for service providers to obtain funding because there are a limited number of local sources of funding.

Needs Met by Existing Resources Focus group participants including seniors and providers were asked to describe which needs in the community are well met by existing resources. Participants reported that services for seniors, basics needs assistance, resources available through the Job Center, and specific examples of other resources that meet the needs of people in poverty. Participants also mentioned volunteer support plays a major role in addressing the needs of people in poverty. • Services for Seniors “I like that we have the aging and disability services here. They are very helpful and you can contact them for almost any issue. They helped me a lot. It’s great that they support us.” (Senior) “Kenosha is on the forefront with the Job Center and the ADRC. There aren’t a lot of counties that have a community sponsored nursing center. Brookside Nursing Home is exemplary.” (Provider) • Basic Needs Assistance “We have a good coordinator [at the housing development] who helps us.” (Senior) “We feed our community very well. I think the community reaches out and donates food when they know there’s a need.” (Provider) “The Shalom Center has provided people with food and shelter for the homeless for almost 30 years.” (Provider)

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• The Job Center “A lot of the agencies came together and now they are all under one roof (The Job Center). People only have to go to one place for child care, parenting, and elderly services. The Emergency Services Network meets there. DVR, Veterans, Child Protective Services, Adult Protective Services, Economic Support, and the ADRC are there.” (Provider) • Volunteer Support “We have an amazing pool of volunteers; our volunteer resources are amazing. We have the RSVP program and the Meals on Wheels program has over 400 volunteers. People who live in this community volunteer and it’s amazing.” (Provider) “United Way has a central place for volunteers to go; they are the volunteer clearinghouse and the agencies that need volunteers are linked into that.” (Provider) “The Shalom Center has a huge volunteer network also. Almost half the man hours are provided by volunteers.” (Provider) “Businesses in town have a sense of social responsibility and encourage their workers to volunteer.” (Provider) “Associated Bank and others require their workers to put in volunteer hours.” (Provider) • Other Resources “Kenosha Visiting Nurses come around and do foot care.” (Senior) “Cleaning services” and “haircuts.” (Senior) “Another big positive for this community is our very vocal parent groups. They take on any issue, like the Quit Smoking Coalition. They raise awareness and concerns.” (Provider)

Efforts to Ensure Coordination in Service Delivery In the focus group with service providers, participants were asked to describe those efforts and partnerships in Kenosha County designed to ensure coordination of services. • Basic Needs Assistance “What makes [the Emergency Services Network] work are the referrals back and forth between agencies that are working with the same individuals. Not only do we do a good job of referring and working with each others clients, but we also do very little duplication of services. Clients are served by many agencies and this is very strong.” “We have a crisis group through ESN and we have fairs and make arrangements regarding electric and energy bills. “United Way has money for a program called Smart Week, it helps you with your credit and what to do if you are facing foreclosure. It’s trying to prepare people. People need jobs; there needs to be basic infrastructure.” • Prevention “We have a Gang Prevention Unit, which is the School District, police, the DA’s office, juvenile intake. So it’s a lot like what ESN does; networking. It is not just working with the individual, but with the whole family.” “There’s also ORC, which focuses on prevention; the School District participates in that.” “The Concerned Citizens Coalition provides help with substance abuse prevention.”

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• Sexual Assault Treatment “SANE (sexual assault nurse examiners) is a sexual assault program that involves CPS, Aurora the hospitals, Women and Children’s Horizons, law enforcement, and the DA’s office. All these resources are brought in when a victim goes to the emergency room to make sure that the person gets the services they require.”

Resources that Could be Expanded or are Missing • Children and Youth The inability to accesses housing in group homes and apartments for youth was cited by participants in the focus group with service providers as a resource for youth that could be expanded. Focus group participants noted that housing is available for girls and those girls who are pregnant, but that adolescent males often have a difficult time accessing these resources. Participants mentioned that supports for youth could be expanded to include non-school hours and more mentoring programs. Participants also noted that the ability for youth to access health care was limited because some health services require a parent signature. One participant noted that teenage pregnancy often creates a very risky situation for the teen parent and their child. This participant said, “kids are having kids and they have no ideas what they are doing.” Additionally, it was noted that more intensive and longer-term supports are needed to support teen parents and their children. Focus group participants noted other areas where support for youth could be expanded (for example, life skills, parenting skills, mental health support, suicide prevention, gang information, and anger management). In the focus group with seniors, participants noted that youth could benefit from having more activities. Participants noted that job programs for youth could be expanded. Participants noted that a job might help youth build skills, but that the limited number of jobs available leaves many youth without anything to do. For example: “There is such a satisfaction that comes from working and accomplishing something.” “I know a lot who finished school last year and they don’t have a job. Kids are not learning how to work, but how to stay home and be lazy.” Participants also noted that youth mentoring programs that include a skill building component could also be expanded and that youth could benefit from programs that involve reading and social/physical activities. In order to get youth more involved in programs, participants noted that incentives should be provided (for example, plan a trip or have a picnic). Participants noted that meaningful relationships with adults are a resource for youth. Focus group participants reported that youth could benefit by having grandparents and parents spending more time and be more involved in the lives of their grandchildren and children. • People with Special Needs Participants in both focus groups noted that the City of Kenosha could be more accessible to people with disabilities. It was noted that more signage and walk signs at stoplights should be accessible to people in wheelchairs. In the focus group with service providers, participants frequently mentioned the need to expand affordable/transitional housing, job training, and employment options to people with disabilities. It was noted that businesses could play a larger role with hiring and training people with disabilities. Participants also noted that people with disabilities could benefit from having more medical providers in Kenosha County accept Medicaid. Page 107 Planning Council for Health and Human Services, Inc

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The lack of mental health services was cited by focus group participants as an area where resources could be expanded for people needing behavioral health services. For people with more immediate and severe mental health needs, focus group participants noted that there was no place in Kenosha County for people to receive inpatient care for a mental health crisis. It was noted by one participant that people have to be “chaptered”/detained against their will in order to receive mental health services. Participants also noted that the number of housing options with support services such as group homes could be expanded. • Job Seekers and Workers In the focus group with seniors, participants questioned if some of the people who are unemployed are looking for a job. A few participants noted that higher wage manufacturing jobs have left the community and that many unemployed persons are not interested in working jobs that provide a lower wage. As put by one participant: “They’re too fussy. They are used to getting $23/hour and won’t take a job for $10/hour. That’s not feasible sometimes.” Participants also noted that it would be helpful if seniors were able to get a stipend or small paycheck for volunteering. Focus group participants noted that seniors could use “a little extra cash” to help with living expenses. In the focus group with service providers, there was much discussion around employment opportunities for undocumented persons. There was a sense from focus group participants that the community was not interested in helping undocumented persons but that the community “wants to help people who have lived and worked here over the years.” It was noted by one participant that some undocumented persons work “under the radar” and that some employers might treat workers unfairly. One focus group participant pointed out that some resources might be in place for undocumented workers such as an employment network, but that services are lacking for Latino immigrants who are documented. The Spanish Center was cited as a one-stop shop for services for the Latino community. • Seniors Participants in both focus groups noted that transportation could be expanded for seniors. Focus group participants mentioned that buses sometimes do not run in the evening after a certain time, that taxis are too expensive, and that it is not very practical to access transportation services where rides must be scheduled so far in advance. Participants in the focus group with seniors noted that access to whole foods and providing more time to cross intersections with timed stoplights are things that could be done to support seniors. Participants also noted that there is no short-notice transit for seniors in Kenosha County and that it is not feasible for someone to plan all of their transportation needs in advance. Participants in the focus group with service providers noted that additional financial supports would need to be expanded to further support seniors. Focus group participants suggested that financial supports should be targeted towards expenses associated with independent living, help with utility bills, prescription drugs, and medical equipment. Focus group participants also reported that supplemental income was not sufficient for seniors to support themselves financially. It was mentioned that seniors could benefit from more outreach/advocacy on their behalf, access to mental health services, and that more seniors would be able to access services if criteria to be eligible for services were more reasonable.

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Suggestions to Address Poverty Participants were asked to name one thing that could be done to address poverty in Kenosha County. The most frequent suggestions seniors reported were being more aware of needs and having more resources available. Participants in the focus groups with seniors noted that additional financial resources for affordable housing, prescriptions drugs, and health care could address poverty. In discussing affordable housing, several participants mentioned having a sense that the community could better understand poverty and the people who live in housing developments that are subsidized. Focus group participants also spoke about what they could do individually. It was noted that seniors (and others) could assist people who live in poverty if there were a publicly visible entity that assisted with coordinating volunteers activities. Participants noted that they could provide transportation, peer support for people with disabilities and help in a more general way. There was a general sense among participants in the focus group with providers that jobs, soft skills, job training, and education could address poverty in Kenosha County.

Summary and Conclusions The Planning Council conducted focus groups with service providers and low-income seniors in Kenosha County to explore and gather information about the challenges people in poverty face; what resources are available and what resources are needed to assist people in poverty; and suggestions to address poverty in Kenosha County. This information was gathered so that the Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency (RKCAA) can better serve low-income residents in Kenosha County. A total of 23 people participated in the two focus groups; 11 attended the service provider focus group and 12 attended the older adult focus group. Focus group participants reported feeling a strong sense of closeness with their community, describing Kenosha County as a small town where people know and support each other. One positive thing participants noted about Kenosha was the presence innovative programming that is often first piloted in Kenosha County and the range of resources Kenosha County has for a county of its size. Participants also noted that the collaboration among service providers is an asset that helps coordinate the delivery of services to people affected by poverty. The most significant needs or challenges facing people in poverty cited by participants were the lack transportation, health care that is affordable and provides appropriate coverage, the lack of employment opportunities, the quality of public education and the affordability of college education, assistance with meeting basic needs, and the accessibility of residents with disabilities. Of the existing resources in the community, participants reported that Kenosha County has a strong volunteer base, that the coordination of a range of services offered through The Job Center, and that services offered through the Aging and Disability Resource Center are areas that were well met for people affected by poverty. Many of the areas in which needs are met are the result of collaboration. The work of the Emergency Services network was mentioned as meeting a range of basic needs for people affected by poverty. Participants mentioned various prevention programs that focused on specific needs such as gang prevention and substance abuse prevention. Focus group participants listed a number of ways to improve existing resources, and resources missing in the community. In discussing children and youth, participants noted the need for mentors, support services that are available during non-school hours, housing, jobs, life skills,

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parenting skills, information on gangs, and anger management as areas where services could be expanded. Resources to train people with disabilities for jobs and more involvement from employers to provide training opportunities were cited as areas for expansion for people with disabilities. Participants also noted that inpatient mental health services for people in crisis are is not available in the community. Focus group participants noted that persons from the Latino community could benefit from having access to employment resources. Participants reported that services to seniors could be improved (for example, assistance with transportation, medical expenses, ensuring access to whole foods, access to mental health services, and financial assistance). To address the needs of people affected by poverty in Kenosha County, focus group participants suggested that improving education, training, jobs, and ensuring access to affordable housing would begin to address needs. Participants also suggest the use of volunteers to help support individuals families who are affected by poverty. Discussion with service providers and low-income residents in focus groups yielded rich information, complementing the qualitative data from key informant interviews and survey data. However, the information in the current report was limited to a small number of focus group participants. Looking forward, future focus groups with low-income individuals might be expanded to include a range of residents in Kenosha County to ensure that diverse perspectives (for example, youth, adults, parents, recent immigrants, etc.) are heard. By addressing some of these limitations, feedback from a range of community members would be integrated into future focus group input to help inform the work of RKCAA.

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Survey - Kenosha County WIC/Food Pantry

Purpose Because of the challenges with recruiting people who were seeking WIC or food pantry services to participate in a focus group, Planning Council and Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency (RKCAA) staff decided to develop and administer a survey instead. The survey was geared towards RKCAA clients and included questions about community assets, resources, needs, and what can be done to help people in poverty. This information was gathered so that the RKCAA can better serve low-income residents in Kenosha County.

Methodology The Planning Council developed a brief written survey based on the focus group questions and the feedback gathered from the focus groups with services providers and older adults (see Appendix E). The majority of survey questions used a Likert scale. There was one open-ended question, and other questions related to the survey respondent’s demographics and personal information.

RKCAA staff administered surveys to people who came to their office (2000 63rd Street, Kenosha) between the hours of 8:15 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. on Wednesday, June 9th and Thursday, June 10th, 2010. A short information sheet was provided to assist RKCAA in administering the survey, which took approximately 15 minutes to complete. Because the survey was only produced in English, RKCAA staff assisted Spanish-speaking clients in filling out the survey.

Data from the surveys was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed.

Limitations The viewpoints in this section of the report are limited to the thoughts and opinions of the survey respondents and are not presented as representative of all RKCAA clients. Surveys are useful in providing information from people who may have a difficult time attending meetings, and are able to reach a larger number of people than a focus group could; however, the level of detail may be limited. Nonetheless, the information presented provides some insight into the experiences of people who identify themselves as being low-income.

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Demographics A total of 97 individuals filled out the written surveys. The majority (93.8%, or 90 out of 96 responses) were female, non-homeowners (88.4%, or 84 out of 95), and not working (54.7%, or 52 out of 95). Other demographic information pertaining to survey respondents is displayed on the following graphs.

Kenosha Survey Respondents by Race/Ethnicity

White 43% African American 26%

Other <1%

Native American Hispanic 30% 1%

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

Kenosha Survey Respondents by Age

70.0%

59.4% 60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0% 24.0%

20.0%

8.3% 10.0% 5.2% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% <18 19-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61+ Age Range

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

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Number of Children

Number of Families of Number 10

0 1234567 Number of Children in Household

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

Kenosha Survey Respondents by Length of Residency

10+ Years 46% < 1 Year 6%

1-3 Years 24%

4-9 Years 24%

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

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Survey Themes Survey respondents gave generally high marks to Kenosha for overall availability of support services and also for: • The lakefront; • Services for families with young children; • Services for people with disabilities; • Services for senior citizens; and • Good sense of community.

Respondents have lower ratings to Kenosha for: • Services for people who need safe and affordable housing; • Help for people who are unemployed; and • Positive places for teens.

Kenosha Survey of WIC/Food Pantry Clients - Percent Strongly Agree/Agree

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1. I think the support services available in Kenosha for people 95% like me are pretty good.

2. In Kenosha, there are lots of 60% positive places for teens to go.

3. People with disabilities in Kenosha can easily find help and 90% resources.

4. In Kenosha, the lakefront is 98% something I appreciate.

5. There are many good services to help families with 96% young children in Kenosha.

6. People who need safe and affordable housing in Kenosha 67% have many places they can go for help.

7. There are a lot of resources to help senior citizens in 86% Kenosha.

8. Kenosha has good parks and 90% places for recreation.

9. I think there is a lot of help for people who are unemployed in 65% Kenosha.

10. I feel like people in Kenosha have a good sense of 82% community.

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

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When asked to look at a list of the needs and challenges facing people in poverty in Kenosha, the items with the greatest number of respondents strongly agreeing were: • Finding a job; • Finding a dentist; • Paying for medication; and • Finding education for adults.

The items with the least number of respondents strongly agreeing were: • Getting access to technology; • Improving the schools; • Getting services for people with disabilities; and • Accessing public transportation.

Kenosha Survey of WIC/Food Pantry Clients Percent who Strongly Agree "Needs and Challenges Facing People in Poverty Here in Kenosha"

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

12. Getting access to technology 26%

13. Finding housing that is affordable 35%

14. Paying for medications/doctor 37%

15. Reinstating driver’s licenses 31%

16. Improving the schools 26%

17. Finding education for adults (GED, English as a Second 37% Language, training programs)

18. Getting services for people with disabilities 29%

19. Finding a job 38%

20. Having enough food 34%

21. Getting help paying for utility bills 35%

22. Accessing public transportation 29%

23. Finding a dentist 38%

24. Finding a doctor 35%

25. Getting mental health services 31%

(WIC/Food Pantry Survey 2010)

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Answers to the open-ended question “What do you think is the most important thing that could be done to help people living in poverty in Kenosha?” were categorized and listed below, with those mentioned by the most people listed first.

o Assistance with finding funding to attend higher education o Positive activities for children of all ages, especially young men o Infant/child care o Services for adults without children o Food (hot meals) o Home shelters o Attorneys o Longer transportation o Quicker housing

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Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health website, Birth Counts Module, generated by Susan Tragesser, April 2010. http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/wish/main/wis_births/wis_births_home.htm

Wisconsin Nutrition Education Program (2010). WNEP 2010 annual plans page. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/wnep/plan/FY10plns/

Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance (2010). Crime in Wisconsin 2009. http://oja.wi.gov/docview.asp?docid=19873&locid=97

Wisconsin Service Point (2010). Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency report [Data file]. State of Wisconsin Department of Commerce.

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Tables-Kenosha County

Community Needs Assessment Kenosha County

Table 1: Zip Code Map of Racine & Kenosha Counties

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Table 2: Map of Existing Land Use in Kenosha County: 2000

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 3: Map of Recommended Land Use in Kenosha County: 2035

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 4: Map of Existing Land Use in the City of Kenosha 2007

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 5: Map of Recommended Land Use in the City of Kenosha 2035

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 6: Map of Kenosha County Watersheds

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 7: Map of City of Kenosha Neighborhoods with Neighborhood Plans

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 8: Map of Kenosha County Contaminated Sites

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 9: Map of City of Kenosha Contaminated Sites

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 10: B01001. SEX BY AGE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Racine County, Village of Village of Mount City of Racine Other Racine Wisconsin Caledonia Pleasant Racine East County Total: 198,870 27,552 25,735 77,890 131,177 67,693 Male: 98,876 13,216 12,614 37,669 63,499 35,377 Under 5 years 6,509 749 730 2,971 4,450 2,059 5 to 9 years 7,230 1,096 676 3,049 4,821 2,409 10 to 14 years 6,863 1,059 727 2,741 4,527 2,336 15 to 17 years 4,618 721 476 1,802 2,999 1,619 18 and 19 years 2,319 227 347 959 1,533 786 20 years 1,536 181 71 649 901 635 21 years 934 46 122 371 539 395 22 to 24 years 4,269 414 447 1,916 2,777 1,492 25 to 29 years 7,061 794 784 3,121 4,699 2,362 30 to 34 years 5,585 506 659 2,848 4,013 1,572 35 to 39 years 7,090 1,001 871 2,853 4,725 2,365 40 to 44 years 7,279 1,070 795 2,063 3,928 3,351 45 to 49 years 8,258 1,024 1,131 3,054 5,209 3,049 50 to 54 years 7,616 1,275 1,057 2,231 4,563 3,053 55 to 59 years 6,374 878 925 1,842 3,645 2,729 60 and 61 years 2,493 434 320 728 1,482 1,011 62 to 64 years 2,389 441 269 914 1,624 765 65 and 66 years 1,407 232 260 339 831 576 67 to 69 years 1,707 253 315 599 1,167 540 70 to 74 years 2,688 388 357 991 1,736 952 75 to 79 years 1,810 139 543 629 1,311 499 80 to 84 years 1,638 218 397 480 1,095 543 85 years and 1,203 70 335 519 924 279 Female: 99,994 14,336 13,121 40,221 67,678 32,316 Under 5 years 6,504 689 724 3,342 4,755 1,749 5 to 9 years 6,749 1,060 541 2,916 4,517 2,232 10 to 14 years 6,906 926 673 2,549 4,148 2,758 15 to 17 years 4,494 448 580 2,072 3,100 1,394 18 and 19 years 2,256 154 393 985 1,532 724 20 years 1,286 154 108 726 988 298 21 years 1,129 45 214 335 594 535 22 to 24 years 3,494 297 413 1,592 2,302 1,192 25 to 29 years 5,998 516 660 3,437 4,613 1,385 30 to 34 years 5,478 648 577 2,766 3,991 1,487 35 to 39 years 6,553 880 719 2,469 4,068 2,485 40 to 44 years 7,728 1,013 910 2,877 4,800 2,928 45 to 49 years 8,302 1,147 1,162 2,897 5,206 3,096 50 to 54 years 7,529 1,211 1,117 2,560 4,888 2,641 55 to 59 years 6,580 1,095 913 2,400 4,408 2,172 60 and 61 years 2,201 261 281 799 1,341 860 62 to 64 years 2,872 530 491 997 2,018 854 65 and 66 years 1,616 313 264 488 1,065 551 67 to 69 years 2,067 461 391 706 1,558 509 70 to 74 years 2,868 380 403 1,024 1,807 1,061 75 to 79 years 2,395 443 592 826 1,861 534 80 to 84 years 2,764 1,123 453 785 2,361 403 85 years and 2,225 542 542 673 1,757 468

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Table 11: B02001. RACE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Village Racine of Other County, Village of Mount City of Racine Racine Wisconsin Caledonia Pleasant Racine East County Total: 198,870 27,552 25,735 77,890 131,177 67,693 White alone 163,130 25,653 22,379 51,289 99,321 63,809 Black or African American alone 20,115 450 1,365 16,934 18,749 1,366 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 553 105 156 178 439 114 Asian alone 1,748 390 447 442 1,279 469 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0 0 0 0 0 Some other race alone 8,827 636 849 6,305 7,790 1,037 Two or more races: 4,497 318 539 2,742 3,599 898 Two races including Some other race 1,175 0 209 545 754 421 Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races 3,322 318 330 2,197 2,845 477

Table 12: B03002. HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Racine Other County, City of Racine Wisconsin Racine County Total: 198,870 77,890 120,980 Not Hispanic or Latino: 179,229 63,923 115,306 White alone 153,656 44,390 109,266 Black or African American alone 19,702 16,521 3,181 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 522 156 366 Asian alone 1,684 406 1,278 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0 0 Some other race alone 500 308 192 Two or more races: 3,165 2,142 1,023 Two races including Some other race 52 42 10 Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races 3,113 2,100 1,013 Hispanic or Latino: 19,641 13,967 5,674 White alone 9,474 6,899 2,575 Black or African American alone 413 413 0 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 31 22 9 Asian alone 64 36 28 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0 0 Some other race alone 8,327 5,997 2,330 Two or more races: 1,332 600 732 Two races including Some other race 1,123 503 620 Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races 209 97 112

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Table 13: Active TIFs in Kenosha County - 2007

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 14: Active TIFs in City of Kenosha - 2007

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 15: Needs cited by persons seeking W2 placement Source: Kenosha Job Center % of individuals indicating condition* Condition Trend 11/27/09-01/27/10 01/27/10 – 3/22/10 Child Care 56.4% 43.4% Down Job seeking skills 32.6% 25.8% Down Resume development 29.3% 25.3% Down Transportation 47% 45.6% Same Drivers license - none 20.4% 25.3% Up Drivers license - suspended 8.8% 10.4% References 18.2% 14.8% Housing 40.3% 33% Down Lack of job experience 17.1% 22.5% Up Retention skills 12.2% 3.3% Down Lack GED/HSD 29.3% 39.6% Up Physical problems 27.1% 18.7% Down Emotional concerns 24.3% 14.8% Down Family special needs 11% 12.1% Legal difficulties 12.2% 4.4% Down Criminal record: misdemeanor 17.7% 18.1% Criminal record: felony 14.4% 8.8% Pregnant/maternity 17.1% 20.3% Drug/alcohol 1.1% 2.2% Low academic 5.5% 8.2% Limited English 1.1% 1.1% Average number of 4.4 4 conditions/participant * Individuals may cite more than one condition

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Table 16: Kenosha County Bike Paths: 2006

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 17: A City of Kenosha Bike Path

(City of Kenosha DCD)

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Table 18: B08122. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK BY POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS - Universe: WORKERS 16 YEARS AND OVER FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Racine Other County, City of Racine Wisconsin Racine County Total: 95,480 35,358 60,122 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 4,085 2,575 1,510 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 5,815 3,579 2,236 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 85,580 29,204 56,376 Car, truck, or van - drove alone: 81,214 28,440 52,774 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 2,977 1,799 1,178 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 4,502 2,595 1,907 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 73,735 24,046 49,689 Car, truck, or van - carpooled: 7,395 3,452 3,943 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 314 177 137 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 721 443 278 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 6,360 2,832 3,528 Public transportation (excluding taxicab): 1,453 1,141 312 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 225 203 22 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 201 201 0 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 1,027 737 290 Walked: 2,081 1,164 917 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 486 350 136 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 241 224 17 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 1,354 590 764 Taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle, or other means: 1,003 501 502 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 23 23 0 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 66 61 5 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 914 417 497 Worked at home: 2,334 660 1,674 Below 100 percent of the poverty level 60 23 37 100 to 149 percent of the poverty level 84 55 29 At or above 150 percent of the poverty level 2,190 582 1,608

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Table 19: Proposed Public Transit Plan Elements: Kenosha County 2035

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 20: Proposed Bike Path Plan Elements: Kenosha County 2035

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 21: Percentage of Kenosha County Households with Housing Problems

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 22: “Residency” Status of Homeless Persons Served by Kenosha County ESN Jan – Jun 2009

Jan - June, 2009 Homeless Persons Unduplicated WISP Count

Location of Last Stable Address Total # % of Total Kenosha County 370 70.9% Racine & Walworth Counties 32 6.1% Lake Co. - N & W of Waukegan 13 2.5% Milwaukee Co 12 2.3% Other Wisconsin Counties 27 5.2% Waukegan & North Chicago 5 1.0% Cook Co - Outside Chicago 4 0.8% Chicago Metro 30 5.7% Illinois - Outstate/Downstate 5 1.0% Other Upper Midwest States 9 1.7% Other States 15 2.9%

522 100.0% Total (w/ Address Known)

Missing Address Data 34 Total KC Homeless Persons Identified in WISP 556

Source: WISP data for Kenosha County WISP (except WCH WISP data) Queried for Jan-June 2009 Period. (Kennedy 2010)

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Table 23: Veteran Status of Kenosha County Adults Registered in WISP All WISP + Homeless + Chronically Homeless, 2004-2007

2004-07 Kenosha Co. Adults in WISP System

Source: WI-BSH WISP Data - Kenosha Co. 2004-07 Data (Unduplicated)

All WISP Adult Client Categories Raw Total # Adjusted Total # * # Vets % Vets - ALL WISP Clients (Adults Only) 8,401 7,201 259 3.6% - All WISP w/ Mental Illness 443 426 32 7.5% - All WISP w/ AODA 145 143 24 16.8% - All WISP w/ Phys/Med 610 585 63 10.8%

Homeless WISP Adult Client Categories Raw Total # Adjusted Total # * # Vets % Vets - All WISP Homeless (Adults Only) 1,370 1,332 125 9.4% - Homeless w/ Mental Illness 175 175 28 16.0% - Homeless w/ AODA 100 100 20 20.0% - Homeless w/ Phys/Med 173 172 37 21.5%

Chronic Homeless WISP Adult Client Categories Raw Total # Adjusted Total # * # Vets % Vets - All WISP Chronically H'less (Adults Only) 272 267 26 9.7% - Chronically Homeless w/ Mental Illness 45 45 11 24.4% - Chronically Homeless w/ AODA 31 31 8 25.8% - Chronically Homeless w/ Phys/Med 34 34 9 26.5%

WISP = Wisconsin Service Point, which is Wisconsin's Homeless Management Information System (as required by HUD). Kenosha agencies reporting to WISP include KHDS, R/KCAA, Shalom Center, Sharing Center and Women's Horizons. Kenosha WISP agencies document 700-900 (unduplicated) homeless people in the county annually. This represents about 45-55% of the projected 1600 individuals who experience homelessness in Kenosha County in any given year.

* Adjusted totals include only those for whom veteran status is known (either yes or no). WISP homeless clients for whom veteran status is not known are not included in this column. Including them in the denominator for percentage calculations would skew the results, since we don't know how many of these should also have been in the numerator.

Interpretive Note: These WISP data for Kenosha County show a disturbing pattern for veterans. Within any WISP Client Category, the % of veterans increases as you move from all clients in the category to more serious sub-categories (AODA, MI or Disabled). Also, if you hold disability level constant, the percentage of veterans increases as you move across WISP categories (from All to Homeless to Chronically Homeless).

National data on veterans shows that, in the general population, vets typically fare better across their adult lifetimes (in terms of education, employment and professional success) than non-vets. In the case of homeless people, however, the opposite seems to be true. Vets in Kenosha appear to be disproportionately represented among the more serious categories of homeless people. High numbers of returning vets from Iraq and Afganistan with PTSD imply we may be in for growth in both homeless veterans and in the disproportionality of their presence in the more serious homeless categories. (Kennedy 2010)

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Table 24: HPRP Service Provision in Racine & Kenosha Counties (through 2/26/2010)

Concentration of HPRP Service Provision in Racine & Kenosha Counties

(HUD 2010)

HPRP Service Transactions Racine & Kenosha Counties

(HUD 2010)

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Table 24 (cont’d): HPRP Service Provision in Racine & Kenosha Counties (through 2/26/2010)

Types of HPRP Services Provided by County

(HUD 2010)

HPRP Rent Assistance Map of Services Provided

(HUD 2010)

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Table 24 (cont’d): HPRP Service Provision in Racine & Kenosha Counties (through 2/26/2010)

HPRP Housing Search and Legal Aid Map of Services Provided

(HUD 2010)

HPRP Rent Payment and Utility Assistance Map of Services Provided

(HUD 2010)

HPRP Case Management and Basic Needs Map of Services Provided

(HUD 2010)

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Table 25: RECEIPT OF FOOD STAMPS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS BY PRESENCE OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE FOR HOUSEHOLDS - Universe: HOUSEHOLDS Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Kenosha Other County, City of Kenosha Wisconsin Kenosha County Total: 60,470 35,410 25,060 Household received Food Stamps in the past 12 months: 4,646 3,372 1,274 With children under 18 years: 2,964 2,252 712 Married-couple family 618 401 217 Other family: 2,277 1,790 487 Male householder, no wife present 385 182 203 Female householder, no husband present 1,892 1,608 284 Nonfamily households 69 61 8 No children under 18 years: 1,682 1,120 562 Married-couple family 169 107 62 Other family: 205 182 23 Male householder, no wife present 0 0 0 Female householder, no husband present 205 182 23 Nonfamily households 1,308 831 477 Household did not receive Food Stamps in the past 12 months: 55,824 32,038 23,786 With children under 18 years: 19,384 11,155 8,229 Married-couple family 14,308 7,956 6,352 Other family: 4,943 3,156 1,787 Male householder, no wife present 1,523 785 738 Female householder, no husband present 3,420 2,371 1,049 Nonfamily households 133 43 90 No children under 18 years: 36,440 20,883 15,557 Married-couple family 15,305 7,343 7,962 Other family: 2,954 1,993 961 Male householder, no wife present 1,048 619 429 Female householder, no husband present 1,906 1,374 532 Nonfamily households 18,181 11,547 6,634

Table 26: RECEIPT OF FOOD STAMPS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS BY POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS FOR HOUSEHOLDS - Universe: HOUSEHOLDS Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Kenosha Other County, City of Kenosha Wisconsin Kenosha County Total: 60,470 35,410 25,060 Household received Food Stamps in the past 12 months: 4,646 3,372 1,274 Income in the past 12 months below poverty 2,121 1,685 436 Incomell in the past 12 months at or above poverty level 2,525 1,687 838 Household did not receive Food Stamps in the past 12 months: 55,824 32,038 23,786 Income in the past 12 months below poverty level 4,051 3,054 997 Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level 51,773 28,984 22,789

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Table 27: Results of Kenosha County WIC/Food Pantry Client Surveys

Circle the response that most closely Strongly Strongly # Valid matches your opinion Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Responses # % # % # % # % # 1. I think the support services available in Kenosha for people like me are 40 42.1 50 52.6 5 5.3 0 0 95 pretty good. 2. In Kenosha, there are lots of positive 14 17.1 35 42.7 26 31.7 7 8.5 82 places for teens to go. 3. People with disabilities in Kenosha 25 31.3 47 58.8 7 8.8 1 1.3 80 can easily find help and resources. 4. In Kenosha, the lakefront is 46 48.9 46 48.9 2 2.1 0 0 94 something I appreciate. 5. There are many good services to help families with young children in 39 40.6 53 55.2 3 3.1 1 1.0 96 Kenosha. 6. People who need safe and affordable housing in Kenosha have many 20 22.5 40 44.9 15 16.9 14 15.7 89 places they can go for help. 7. There are a lot of resources to help 26 36.1 36 50.0 6 8.3 4 5.6 72 senior citizens in Kenosha. 8. Kenosha has good parks and places 38 40.4 47 50.0 8 8.5 1 1.1 94 for recreation. 9. I think there is a lot of help for people 14 16.3 42 48.8 17 19.8 13 15.1 86 who are unemployed in Kenosha. 10. I feel like people in Kenosha have a 19 20.2 58 61.7 13 13.8 4 4.3 94 good sense of community.

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Table 28: Results of Kenosha County WIC/Food Pantry Client Surveys continued

Some people in Kenosha have told us the following are significant needs and challenges facing people in poverty Strongly Strongly # Valid here. Do you agree? Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Responses # % # % # % # % # 12. Getting access to technology 24 26.1 45 48.9 21 22.8 2 2.2 92 13. Finding housing that is affordable 32 34.8 42 45.7 15 16.3 3 3.3 92 14. Paying for medications/doctor 33 36.7 45 50.0 8 8.9 4 4.4 90 15. Reinstating driver’s licenses 26 31.3 36 43.4 19 22.9 2 2.4 83 16. Improving the schools 24 26.4 54 59.3 10 11.0 3 3.3 91 17. Finding education for adults (GED, English as a Second Language, 31 36.9 37 44.0 13 15.5 3 3.6 84 training programs) 18. Getting services for people with disabilities 22 28.9 41 53.9 11 14.5 2 2.6 76 19. Finding a job 35 38.0 40 43.5 13 14.1 4 4.3 92 20. Having enough food 32 34.4 46 49.5 8 8.6 7 7.5 93 21. Getting help paying for utility bills 32 35.2 48 52.7 9 9.9 2 2.2 91 22. Accessing public transportation 26 28.9 40 44.4 19 21.1 5 5.6 90 23. Finding a dentist 35 37.6 40 43.0 15 16.1 3 3.2 93 24. Finding a doctor 32 34.8 44 47.8 15 16.3 1 1.1 92 25. Getting mental health services 24 30.8 41 52.6 12 15.4 1 1.3 78

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Table 29: Child Care Facilities in Kenosha County: 2006

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 30: Child Care Facilities in the City of Kenosha: 2006

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 31: Kenosha County Schools and School Districts 2006

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 32: Racial Achievement Gap: WKCE Reading Scores

4th Grade (2004-2005) 5th Grade (2005-2006) 6th Grade (2006-2007) 7th Grade (2007-2008) 8th Grade (2008-2009) All % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv Grades

African African African African African Ave Reading American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap Gap Kenosha 65.6% 85.4% 19.8 62.4% 86.6% 24.2 66.7% 89.7% 23.0 64.7% 88.7% 24.0 67.8% 89.3% 21.5 22.5 Racine 60.7% 82.8% 22.1 52.2% 81.9% 29.7 55.9% 84.3% 28.4 54.5% 84.8% 30.3 52.3% 86.1% 33.8 28.9 Milwaukee 56.5% 78.1% 21.5 53.6% 79.3% 25.7 56.4% 78.5% 22.1 53.3% 77.2% 23.9 56.4% 79.2% 22.8 23.2 Wisconsin 59.1% 86.7% 27.6 56.7% 87.9% 31.3 60.6% 90.3% 29.7 58.6% 90.0% 31.4 60.8% 89.8% 29.0 29.8 (Public Policy Forum 2009)

Table 33: Racial Achievement Gap: WKCE Math Scores

4th Grade (2004-2005) 5th Grade (2005-2006) 6th Grade (2006-2007) 7th Grade (2007-2008) 8th Grade (2008-2009) All % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv % Prof + Adv Grades

African African African African African Math American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap American White Gap Ave Gap Kenosha 46.7% 75.6% 28.9 42.5% 80.9% 38.4 54.9% 86.6% 31.7 51.5% 85.3% 33.9 56.5% 86.4% 29.9 32.6 Racine 35.5% 72.1% 36.7 30.2% 68.5% 38.3 31.8% 72.9% 41.1 39.9% 74.5% 34.7 38.9% 70.7% 31.8 36.5 Milwaukee 38.0% 64.8% 26.8 31.1% 62.3% 31.2 30.5% 61.7% 31.2 29.6% 61.3% 31.6 39.6% 67.6% 28.0 29.8 Wisconsin 40.3% 79.2% 38.8 35.8% 80.2% 44.4 38.2% 83.2% 45.0 38.3% 84.0% 45.7 45.1% 84.9% 39.7 42.7 (Public Policy Forum 2009)

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Table 34: Disabilities by school district for Kenosha County, 2009

(Wi Dpt Public Instruction) Community Needs Assessment – Kenosha County August 2010

Table 35: Total children with disabilities by school district for Kenosha County, 2009

(Wi Dpt Public Instruction)

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Table 36: Facilities for Seniors and Persons with Disabilities in Kenosha County: 2007

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 37: Facilities for Seniors and Persons with Disabilities in the City of Kenosha: 2007

(KCDPD 2010)

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Table 38: Juvenile drug sale and manufacturing arrests by county - 2007 County Opium/ Cocaine Marijuana Synthetic Narcotics Other Total Sale & Manufacturing

# % # % # % # % # Kenosha County 5 11.9% 29 69.0% 7 16.7% 1 2.4% 42 Milwaukee County 110 36.9% 161 54.0% 3 1.0% 24 8.1% 298 Racine County 4 17.4% 13 56.5% 2 8.7% 4 17.4% 23 (Wi OJA)

Table 39: Juvenile drug possession arrests by county - 2007 County Opium/ Cocaine Marijuana Synthetic Narcotics Other Total Possession

# % # % # % # % #

Kenosha County 4 2.1% 183 93.8% 6 3.1% 2 1.0% 195 Milwaukee County 25 2.5% 905 89.3% 4 0.4% 80 7.9% 1014 Racine County 6 7.1% 74 87.1% 3 3.5% 2 2.4% 85 (Wi OJA)

Table 40: Adult drug sale and manufacturing arrests by county – 2007 County Opium/ Cocaine Marijuana Synthetic Narcotics Other Total Sale & Manufacturing

# % # % # % # % # Kenosha County 107 66.5% 43 26.7% 9 5.6% 2 1.2% 161 Milwaukee County 1,235 58.5% 642 30.4% 40 1.9% 193 9.1% 2110 Racine County 43 30.1% 49 34.3% 8 5.6% 43 30.1% 143 (Wi OJA)

Table 41: Adult drug possession arrests by county - 2007 County Opium/ Cocaine Marijuana Synthetic Narcotics Other Total Possession

# % # % # % # % # Kenosha County 81 15.1% 437 81.2% 18 3.3% 2 0.4% 538 Milwaukee County 439 13.3% 2,479 75.4% 72 2.2% 299 9.1% 3289 Racine County 109 15.7% 458 65.8% 109 15.7% 20 2.9% 696 (Wi OJA)

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Table 42: Hospitals and Clinics in Kenosha County: 2006

(KCDPD 2010)

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Appendices

Appendix A: List of Key Informants

Interviews Conducted for the Kenosha Assessment - 2010

Fabiola Diaz, Bilingual Nutrition Educator, UW Extension Racine County* Mark Gesner, Director, Community Development, UW Parkside, Center for Community Partnerships* Adelene Greene, Director, Division of Workforce Development, County of Kenosha, Department of Human Services Michele A. Kohel, Kenosha Community Representative Karla Krehbiel, Senior Vice President, Johnson Bank* Attorney Gai Lorenzen, Managing Attorney, Legal Action of WI, Inc.* John Milisauskas, Job Center Manager, County of Kenosha, Department of Human Services Donna Rhodes, Gang Intervention Supervisor, Kenosha County Division of Children and Families Jack Waters, Executive Director, Kenosha Community Health Center Denis Wikel, Congregations United to Save Humanity Byron Wright, Executive Director, Kenosha Human Development Services, Inc.

Multiple attempts were made to interview the following people: Bernardo Ortega, Executive Director, Spanish Center of Kenosha, Racine, and Walworth County* Katherine Marks, Chief Executive Officer, United Way of Kenosha County Yolanda Santos Adams, Executive Director, Urban League of Racine and Kenosha*

*Represents both Racine and Kenosha Counties

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Appendix B: Key Informant Interview Questions

Key Informant Interview Questions RKCAA Community Needs Assessment Key Informant Interview Questions

1. Tell us about your role in addressing poverty in Racine/Kenosha. 2. In your opinion, what are the top three needs of people in poverty in the community? 3. What are the systemic barriers to addressing the needs that you just described? 4. Take a look at our preliminary list of services and resources in Racine/Kenosha. What are we missing? 5. Are these services sufficient in meeting the needs of the community, or are there gaps in services (What else is needed? What will it take to get needed services? Why aren’t these needed services already in place?) 6. With respect to Racine Kenosha Community Action Agency in addressing poverty, name one strength and one weakness of the agency in combating poverty. 7. Name one thing that you would like to see happen in Racine/Kenosha to address poverty. 8. Who else should we be talking to about addressing issues of poverty in Racine/Kenosha? 9. What kinds of data or resources should we be looking at to inform our study (tell them what we are already looking at)? 10. Is there anything else that you think we should know about these issues?

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Appendix C: Focus Group Questions

RKCAA Community Needs Assessment Focus Group Questions

1. Please introduce yourself and tell us briefly about one positive thing you like about your community. 2. Describe the most significant needs or challenges facing people in poverty in your community. 3. What needs seem to be well met by the existing resources in the community for people affected by poverty? 4. What community resources are available that could be enhanced or expanded for people affected by poverty? (e.g., people with disabilities, the unemployed, youth, the elderly, etc.) 5. Are there any missing resources or services in the community for people affected by poverty? 6. Lastly, name one thing that could be done to help people affected by poverty who live in the community.

Note: The following question was only asked in the service provider focus group:

What kinds of things have been done to ensure coordination in service delivery for people affected by poverty?

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Appendix D: Focus Group Survey

Racine/Kenosha Community Action Agency Community Needs Assessment Focus Group Demographics

Your Gender? Your Age? Your Ethnicity? How Long You Have Lived in Racine/Kenosha

Male 18 years of age or under African American/Black Less than a year Female 19 to 30 years of age Hispanic/Latino 1-3 years 31 to 40 years of age Native American 4-9 years 41 to 50 years of age White/Caucasian 10 years or longer 51 to 60 years of age Other (please specify) ______Over 61 years of age

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Appendix E: Community Survey Questions

June 2010

Directions: Please circle the response that most closely matches your opinion. Your answers are completely anonymous and will help design anti-poverty programs in Kenosha.

Do Not Understand/ Strongly Strongly Not Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Applicable 1. I think the support services available in Kenosha SA A D SD ? for people like me are pretty good. 2. In Kenosha, there are lots of positive places for SA A D SD ? teens to go. 3. People with disabilities in Kenosha can easily find SA A D SD ? help and resources. 4. In Kenosha, the lakefront is something I SA A D SD ? appreciate. 5. There are many good services to help families SA A D SD ? with young children in Kenosha. 6. People who need safe and affordable housing in SA A D SD ? Kenosha have many places they can go for help. 7. There are a lot of resources to help senior citizens SA A D SD ? in Kenosha. 8. Kenosha has good parks and places for SA A D SD ? recreation. 9. I think there is a lot of help for people who are SA A D SD ? unemployed in Kenosha. 10. I feel like people in Kenosha have a good sense SA A D SD ? of community.

11. What do you think is the most important thing that could be done to help people living in poverty in Kenosha?

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Do Not Some people in Kenosha have told us the Understand/ following are significant needs and challenges Strongly Strongly Not facing people in poverty here. Do you agree? Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Applicable 12. Getting access to technology SA A D SD ? 13. Finding housing that is affordable SA A D SD ? 14. Paying for medications/doctor SA A D SD ? 15. Reinstating driver’s licenses SA A D SD ? 16. Improving the schools SA A D SD ? 17. Finding education for adults (GED, English as a SA A D SD ? Second Language, training programs) 18. Getting services for people with disabilities SA A D SD ? 19. Finding a job SA A D SD ? 20. Having enough food SA A D SD ? 21. Getting help paying for utility bills SA A D SD ? 22. Accessing public transportation SA A D SD ? 23. Finding a dentist SA A D SD ? 24. Finding a doctor SA A D SD ? 25. Getting mental health services SA A D SD ? 26. Other ______SA A D SD ? 27. Other ______SA A D SD ?

About You

(You do not have to answer these questions but they will help us understand who is using services and will be used for reporting purposes. All answers will be kept strictly confidential)

28. What is your gender? Male Female

29. What is your ethnicity? African American/Black Hispanic/Latino Native American Caucasian/White Other ______

30. What is your age? 18 or under 19 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 51 – 60 61 or over

31. How long have you lived in Kenosha? Less than 1 year 1 – 3 years 4 – 9 years 10 years or longer

32. Are you a parent? Yes No If yes, how many children live in your household? ______

33. Are you a homeowner? Yes No

34. Are you currently working? Yes No

35. What is your ZIP code? ______

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Appendix F: List of Resources for Kenosha County Residents

List of Resources for Kenosha County Residents

D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X 4C Community 1805 N. Dr. Martin Luther 414-562- http://www.4c- Coordinated Child Care King Jr. Dr., Milwaukee, WI 2650 milwaukee.org/pages/our_missio 53212 n X 7-1-1 Wisconsin Western Tower Building, 711 or 800- None listed Telecommunications Relay 8383 Greenway Blvd., Ste. 600-7826 System 90, Middleton, WI 53562 X X X X Access Statewide None listed https://access.wisconsin.gov/acc ess/ X X Aging and Disability 8600 Sheridan Rd., Ste. 500, 262-605- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us Resource Center of Kenosha, WI 53143 6646 Kenosha County 800-472- 8008 X AIDS Resource Center of 1212 57th St., Kenosha, WI 262-657- http://www.arcw.org Wisconsin 53140 6644 X Alcoholics Anonymous None listed 262-554- http://www.racinecentraloffice.co 6611 m 262-554- 7788 (24-Hr Hotline) X American Red Cross PO Box 637, 812 56th St., 262-605- http://www.redcrossinsewis.org Kenosha, WI 53141 0760 800-236- 8680 (Emergency/ disaster)

D = Disability Resources ED = Education Resources F = Food Security Resources HC = Healthcare Resources O = Other Resources E = Employment Resources ES = Economic Security Resources H = Housing Resources MH = Mental Health Resources T = Transportation Resources

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Arc of Kenosha County 1218 79th St., Kenosha, WI 262-658- None listed 53140 9500 262-605- 3300 X Aurora Behavioral Health 12225 71st St., Kenosha, WI 877-666- http://www.aurorahealthcare.org Services 53144 7223 X X Birds of a Feather 6530 Sheridan Rd., Ste. 3, 262-605- http://www.birdsofafeatheragenc Kenosha, WI 53143 8442 y.org/ X Boy Scouts of America 2319 Northwestern Ave., 262-632- http://www.sewisbsa.com Southeast Wisconsin Racine, WI 53404 1655 Council 800-773- 1655 X Boys and Girls Club of 1715 52nd St., PO Box 1761, 262-654- http://www.bgckenosha.org Kenosha, Inc. – CYC Kenosha, WI 53140 6200 Sports X X Bridges Community Center 5718 7th Ave., PO Box 157, 262-657- None listed Kenosha, WI 53140 5252 X Brighter Futures Initiative PO Box 8916, Madison, WI 608-261- http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/bfi/inde 53708 8341 x.htm 262-697- 4584 X Cardinal Stritch University 9080 76th St., Pleasant 262-697- None listed Prairie, WI 53158 0251 X Carthage College 2001 Alford Park Dr., 262-551- http://www.carthage.edu Kenosha, WI 53140 8500 X Center for Advanced 2320 Renaissance Blvd., 262-898- http://www.thecati.com/ Technology and Innovation Sturtevant, WI 53177 7512 (CATI) X Cerebral Palsy of Kenosha PO Box 930, Kenosha, WI 262-960- None listed County 53141 9008 X X Children’s Service Society 708 57th St., Ste. 200, 262-652- http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/ of Wisconsin Kenosha, WI 53140 5522 DocID/35152/router.asp X City of Kenosha 625 52nd St., Kenosha, WI 262-653- http://www.kenosha.org/departm Neighborhood Services 53140 4263 ents/neighborhood/index.html and Inspection

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X City of Kenosha-Housing 625 52nd St., Room 98, 262-653- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us Authority Kenosha, WI 53140 4120 X City of Kenosha- 4301 39th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-653- http://www.kenosha.org Transportation Dept 53144 4287 262-653- 4290 X Club Breakaway, Inc. 8017 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-653- None listed WI 53143 9800 X Community Economic 1418 68th St., Kenosha, WI 262-635- http://www.cedcoracine.org/ Development Corporation, 53140 0871 Inc. X County of Kenosha- 19600 75th St., Bristol, WI 262-653- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us/pla Housing Authority 53104 1843 ndev/comm_housing.html X Dayton Residential Care 521 59th St., Kenosha, WI 262-657- None listed Facility 53140 6121 X X Division of Vocational 8600 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-697- http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/dvr/loca Rehabilitation WI 53143 4690 tions/kenosha.htm X Fellowship Baptist Church- 1700 89th St., Kenosha, WI 262-694- None listed SBC 53143 0457 X First Congregational 5934 8th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-654- http://www.firstofkenosha.org Church 53140 0457 X X X X First Step 1017 63rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-605- None listed 53143 8859 X Forward Transportation None listed 262-925- None listed 8777 866-327- 1669 X Gateway Technical 3520 30th Ave., Kenosha, WI 800-247- http://www.gtc.edu/ College 53144 7122 262-564- 2200 X Girl Scout Council of 2303 37th St., Kenosha, WI 262-658- http://www.gswise.org/About- Kenosha County 53140 2247 Us/Kenosha-Resource- Center.aspx

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Great Lakes Health Care 800 55th St., Kenosha, WI 262-653- http://www.visn12.med.va.gov System 53140 9286 Parent facility: North Chicago 800-393- VA Medical Center 0865 X Home Helpers PO Box 0073, Kenosha, WI 262-605- http://www.homehelpers.cc 53143 2099 X Hope Council 5942 6th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-658- http://www.hopecouncil.org/ 53140 8166 X Interconnections Family 920 60th St., Kenosha, WI 262-654- None listed and Personal Therapy 53140 5333 X K & S Medical Transport 1304 Villa St., Racine, WI 262-884- None listed 53403 8755 262-634- 2788 X X Kenosha Achievement 1218 79th St., Kenosha, WI 262-658- http://www.thekac.com Center 53143 9500 X Kenosha Alano Club 630 56th St., Kenosha, WI 262-654- None listed 53140 8246 X Kenosha Area Business 600 52nd St., Ste. 120, 262-605- http://www.kaba.org/ Alliance Kenosha, WI 53140 1100 X X Kenosha Area Family and 7730 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-658- http://www.kafasi.org/home.html Aging Services, Inc. WI 53143 3508 (KAFASI) X Kenosha Area Transit 4303 39th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-653- http://www.kenosha.org/departm (KAT) 53144 4290 ents/transportation/ X Kenosha Community 6226 14th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-656- None listed Health Center (Dental 53143 0044 Clinic) X X Kenosha Community 4536 22nd Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-656- None listed Health Center (Medical 53140 0044 Clinic) X Kenosha County Birth to 8600 Sheridan Rd., Ste. 500, 262-605- None listed Three Program Kenosha, WI 53143 6684

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Kenosha County Division 8600 Sheridan Rd, Kenosha, 262-605- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us of Children & Family WI 53143 6500 Services X Kenosha County Division 8600 Sheridan Rd., Ste. 600, 262-605- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us/dhs of Health Kenosha, WI 53143 6700 /Divisions/Health/ X Kenosha County Early 1218 79th St., Kenosha, WI 262-658- http://www.earlychildhoodcouncil Childhood Council 53143-6199 9661 .org 888-937- 6865 (Warm Line) X Kenosha County Human 8600 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-605- http://www.co.kenosha.wi.us/ Services Department WI 53143 6516 X Kenosha County Job 8600 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-697- http://www.kenosha.wi.us Center WI 53143; 4500 19600 75th St., Bristol, WI 262-857- 53104 1967 X X X Kenosha Human 5407 8th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-697- http://www.khds.org/ Development Services, 53140 7000 Inc. 262-657- 7188 (Crisis Hotline) X Kenosha Literacy Council 2419 63rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-654- http://www.kenoshalit.org/ 53143 7323 X Kenosha New Hope PO Box 2008, Kenosha, WI 262-995- http://kenoshanewhopemissionin Mission 53141 5518 c.org/ X Kenosha Police 1000 55th St., Kenosha, WI 262-605- http://kenoshapolice.com/default. Department Gang Unit 53140 5258 aspx?id=34 X Kenosha Psychiatric 3535 30th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-652- None listed Associates 53144 7813 X Kenosha Senior Citizens 2717 67th St., Kenosha, WI 262-653- http://www.kusd.edu/department Center 53143 6260 s/senior_center/senior_citizen_c enter.html X Kenosha Unified School 3600 52nd St., Kenosha, WI 262-359- http://www.kusd.edu District-Educational 53140 6300 Support Center

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Kenosha YMCA Callahan 7101 53rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-654- http://www.kenoshaymca.org Family Branch 53144 9622 X X Lakeside Curative 2503 Lincolnwood Ct., 262-598- http://www.lakesidecurative.com Services Racine, WI 53403 0098 262-598- 8298 (TTY) X Legal Action of Wisconsin 521 6th St., Racine, WI 53403 262-635- http://www.badgerlaw.net/Home/ 8836 PublicWeb/LAW/localofficeRacin 800-242- e 5840 X X Margaret Ann’s Place 700 S. Green Bay Rd., 866-455- http://www.margaretannsplace.or Racine, WI 53406 4673 g/Home.asp 262-657- 7188 X Midwest Therapeutic 1117 North Britton Rd., Union 262-878- None listed Riding Program Grove, WI 53182 2000 Mailing Address: PO Box 085184, Racine, WI 53408 X NAMI of Kenosha County PO Box 631 Kenosha, WI 262-652- http://www.nami.org/MSTemplat 53141 3606 e.cfm?MicrositeID=89 X Needy Meds Inc. 35 Starnaught Hts., Glouster, 215-625- http://www.needymeds.com MA 01930 9609 X Partnership for None listed 888-477- http://www.pparx.org/ Prescription Assistance 2669 X Pathways Consulting 6121 Green Bay Rd., 262-652- http://www.pathwaysconsultingllc Kenosha, WI 53144 7222 .com X Personal Insight 1111 55th St. Ste. 4, 262-857- http://www.personalinsightscoun Counseling Services Kenosha, WI 53410 8707 selingservices.com X Planned Parenthood of 3601 Roosevelt Rd., 262-654- http://www.ppwi.org/?processor= Wisconsin Kenosha, WI 53142 0491 content§ionpath=13/14/15&c omplexcontentid=376 X X Professional Services 2108 63rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-652- http://www.psgcip.com Group 53143 2406

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Psychiatric & 3734 7th Ave., Ste. 24, 262-654- None listed Psychotherapy Clinic Kenosha, WI 53140 0487 (PPC) X X X X Racine/Kenosha 2000 63rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-657- http://www.rkcaa.org/ Community Action Agency 53143 0840 X Recovery Transport None listed 262-633- None listed 1484 X X X Red Shield Clinic 3116 75th St., Kenosha, WI 262-564- http://www.sakenosha.org 53142 0286 X Rogers Memorial Hospital 9916 75th St., Kenosha, WI 262-942- http://www.rogershospital.org Treatment Center 53142 4000 X S.H.A.R.E. (Self Help and None listed 800-548- http://www.sharewi.org Resource Exchange) 2124 X X X Salvation Army 3116 75th St., PO Box 366, 252-564- http://www.sakenosha.org Kenosha, WI 53142 0286 X Senior Community Service 8600 Sheridan Rd., Kenosha, 262-697- http://www.ser- Employment Program WI 53143 4617 national.org/seniorcommunity.ph (SCSEP) p X X X Shalom Center 1713 62nd St., Kenosha, WI 262-658- http://www.shalomcenter.org 53143 1713 X Sharing Center of Paddock 7001 236th Ave., Paddock 262-997- http://www.thesharingcenter.net/ Lake Lake, WI 53168 0783 X Small Business 900 Wood Rd. PO Box 2000, 262-595- http://www.parksidesbdc.com/ Development Center – U- Molinaro, D127, Kenosha, WI 3362 W Parkside 53141-2000 X X Social Security 5624 6th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-656- http://www.ssa.gov Administration 53140 7844 800-772- 1213 X Society’s Assets 5727 6th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-657- http://www.societysassets.org/in 53140 3999 dex.html

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X Southport Transportation 5911 57th Ave., Kenosha, WI 877-792- None listed 53144 8171 262-564- 8354 262-658- 3674 X X Spanish Center of 5900 11th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-657- http://www.spanishcenterkenosh Kenosha, Racine, and 53144 2160 a.org/ Walworth County X Special Olympics-Kenosha 1829 32nd St., Kenosha, WI 262-496- None listed 53140 7328 X St. Vincent de Paul Store 6201 14th Ave., Kenosha, WI 262-657- None listed 53143 6366 X The Fleet and Family 525 Farragut Ave., Building 847-688- https://www.cnic.navy.mil/GreatL Support Center 26, Ste. 300, North Chicago, 3603 ext. akes/Families/index.htm IL 60088 100 888-231- 0714 ext. 100 X Transitional Living Center 482 S. Pine St., Burlington, 262-767- None listed WI 53105 1478 X Twin Lakes Area Food 701 N. Lake Ave., Twin 262-877- None listed Pantry, Inc. Lakes, WI 53181 8228 X United Way of Kenosha 3601 30th Ave., Ste. 202, 262-658- http://www.kenoshaunitedway.or County Kenosha, WI 53144 4104 g/ X Urban League of Racine 1418 68th St., Kenosha, WI 262-652- http://www.ulrk.org/ and Kenosha 53143 2111 X Urban Outreach Center 2006 60th St., Kenosha, WI 262-652- http://www.urbanoutreachkenosh (ELCA) 53144 5545 a.org X UW Extension Kenosha 19600 75th St., Bristol, WI 262-857- http://kenosha.uwex.edu/ County 53104 1945 X UW Parkside Small 900 Wood Rd., Kenosha, WI 262-595- http://www.parksidesbdc.com/ Business Development 53141 3362 Center

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D E E E F H H M O T Organization Address Phone Website D S C H X UW-Parkside 900 Wood Rd., Kenosha, WI 262-595- http://www.uwp.edu/ 53141 2345 X UW-Parkside Center for 900 Wood Rd., Kenosha, WI 262-595- http://www.uwp.edu/departments Community Partnerships 53141 3340 /community.partnerships/ X X Walkin In My Shoes, Inc. 2211 50th St., Kenosha, WI 262-914- http://www.walkininmyshoes.org 53140 6403 X Westosha Community 19200 93rd St., Bristol, WI 262-843- http://www.westoshacommunityc Center 53104 3828 enter.zoomshare.com X X Westosha Special 8828 Antioch Rd., PO Box 262-843- None listed Education Alliance 364, Salem, WI 53168 2343 X Wheaton Franciscan 10117 74th St., Ste. 100, 262-697- http://www.mywheaton.org Counseling Center – Kenosha, WI 53142 8268 Kenosha X Wheaton Franciscan 152 E. State St., Burlington, 262-763- http://www.mywheaton.org Medical Group & WI 53105 8183 Counseling Center – Burlington X X X WI Shores Little League 4216 60th St., Kenosha, WI 262-552- http://www.eteamz.com/wsll 53144 7555 X X X Wisconsin Family 1134 Martin Luther King Dr., 262-633- http://www.wifacets.org Assistance Center for Racine, WI 53404 8888 Education, Training & 414-374- Support, Inc. (FACETS) 4645 X Wisconsin Regional 813 W. Wells St., Milwaukee, 414-286- http://dpi.wi.gov/rll/wrlbph Library for the Blind and WI 53233 3045 Physically Handicapped 800-242- 8822 X Wisconsin Women’s 600 52nd St., Ste. 130, 262-898- http://www.wwbic.com/ Business Initiative Kenosha, WI 53140 1234 Corporation X WoMen’s and Children’s 2525 63rd St., Kenosha, WI 262-652- http://www.wchkenosha.org/ Horizons 53143 1846 800-853- 3503

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