Briefing January 2016 : Facts and Figures The European Commission is the executive body of the . Under the Treaties, its tasks are to ‘promote the general interest of the Union’, without prejudice to individual Member States, ‘ensure the application of the Treaties’ and adopted measures, and ‘execute the budget’. It further holds a virtual monopoly on legislative initiative, as it proposes nearly all EU legislation to the and the Council of the European Union. The College of Commissioners is composed of 28 individuals. The college which came into office in November 2014 has an explicit hierarchy created through the designation by the President of seven Vice-Presidents, heading ‘project teams’ of the other 20 Commissioners. The following pages set out the responsibilities, composition and work of the Commission and its leadership, both in the current Commission and in the past. They also shed light on the staff of the Commission’s departments, their main places of employment, gender distribution and national background. Finally, they provide a breakdown of the EU’s administrative budget and budget management responsibilities.

College of Commissioners

1 PRESIDENT 7 VICE-PRESIDENTS 20 COMMISSIONERS PRESIDENT Jean-Claude Juncker

VICE-PRESIDENTS First Vice-President Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy / Vice- of Fundamental Rights President of the Commission

Kristalina Georgieva Maroš Šefčovič Budget and Human Resources Energy Union Jobs, Growth, Investment and Euro and Social Dialogue Digital Single Market Competitiveness

COMMISSIONERS Günther Oettinger Cecilia Malmström Miguel Arias Cañete Digital Economy and Society European Neighbourhood Policy Trade International Cooperation and Climate Action and Energy and Enlargement Negotiations Development

Karmenu Vella Environment, Maritime Affairs Health and Food Safety Migration, Home Affairs and Employment, Social Affairs, Economic and Financial and Fisheries Citizenship Skills and Labour Mobility Affairs, Taxation and Customs

Christos Stylianides Jonathan Hill Elżbieta Bieńkowska Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Agriculture and Rural Financial Stability, Financial Transport Internal Market, Industry, Management Development Services and Capital Markets Union Entrepreneurship and SMEs

Věra Jourová Corina Creţu Justice, Consumers and Gen- Education, Culture, Youth and Regional Policy Competition Research, Science and der Equality Sport Innovation

NB: The colours assigned to the Vice-Presidents in the above table reflect those used by the Commission itself.

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Authors: Christian Dietrich and Giulio Sabbati Members’ Research Service PE 559.482 EPRS European Commission: Facts and Figures

Commissioners, portfolios and project teams One innovation of the is the creation of ‘project teams’, each of which is led by one of the seven Vice-Presidents. The table below lists the Commissioners and their portfolios, as well as the project teams of which they are part. Commissioners can be full members (marked with an asterisk) or associate members (marked with a circle) of a project team.

-

Full member Associate member

Commissioner Policy portfolio Interinstitu Regulation, Better and of Law Rule tional Relations, Rights of Fundamental Charter and Affairs Foreign Union for Security Policy and Human Resources Budget Union Energy and Investment Growth, Jobs, Competitiveness and Social Dialogue The Euro Single Market The Digital Timmermans Mogherini Georgieva Šefčovič Katainen Dombrovskis Ansip Günther Oettinger Digital Economy and Society European Neighbourhood Policy Johannes Hahn and Enlargement Negotiations Cecilia Malmström Trade International Cooperation and Neven Mimica Development Miguel Arias Cañete Climate Action and Energy Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Vytenis Andriukaitis Health and Food Safety Migration, Home Affairs Dimitris Avramopoulos and Citizenship Employment, Social Affairs, Marianne Thyssen Skills and Labour Mobility Economic and Financial Affairs, Pierre Moscovici Taxation and Customs Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management Phil Hogan Agriculture and Rural Development Financial Stability, Financial Services Jonathan Hill and Capital Markets Union Violeta Bulc Transport Internal Market, Industry, Elżbieta Bieńkowska Entrepreneurship and SMEs Justice, Consumers Věra Jourová and Gender Equality Tibor Navracsics Education, Culture, Youth and Sport Corina Creţu Regional Policy Margrethe Vestager Competition Carlos Moedas Research, Science and Innovation

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The College of Commissioners in a historical perspective The graphic below lists the Presidents of the European Commission since the institution’s creation in 1958. First established as the Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC), it absorbed two other executive bodies – the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) – to become a single administration, under the Merger Treaty, in July 1967. The horizontal bars show the evolution in numbers of Member States and of Commissioners. In the early years, the largest Member States (France, Germany, and Italy, then the United Kingdom and Spain) were granted two Commissioners each, until this system was abandoned in 2005 in favour of a single Commissioner per Member State.

Year Commission President/ Size of the College of Commissioners/ President’s polical affiliaon Number of Member States naonality 2019 Polical Chrisan Democrat/Centre-right Number of Commissioners affiliaon Liberal Jean-Claude Juncker Number of Member States of Presidents Socialist/Social Democrat 2014 28 Enlargement: Croaa 28

Second takes office 2010 José Manuel Barroso 27 Enlargement: Bulgaria & Romania 27 25 One Commissioner per Member State 25 2004 3000 Enlargement: Czech Republic, Estonia, , Latvia, 25 Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Romano Prodi

1999 Jacques Santer 20 Enlargement: Austria, Finland & Sweden 1995 15 Third Delors Commission takes office 1993

Second Delors Commission takes office Jacques Delors 1989

17 DE, ES, FR, IT & UK field two Commissioners each 12 Enlargement: Spain and Portugal 1985 Gaston Thorn 14 Enlargement: Greece 1981 10 Roy Jenkins 13 1977 9 François Xavier Ortoli 13 DE, FR, IT & UK field two Commissioners each 9 1973 9 Enlargement: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom Sicco Mansholt 6 1972 Franco Maria Malfa 9 1970 6 Jean Rey 14 EEC Commission absorbs High Authority of the 6 ECSC and Euratom Commission (Merger Treaty) 1967

Walter Hallstein Second Hallstein Commission takes office 1962

Commission of the European Economic Community 9 DE, FR, IT field two Commissioners each 1958 6

Data sources: European Commission; Political affiliations: PEU database, WZB Berlin Social Science Centre.

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Political make-up of the College of Commissioners Although the European Commission acts as a collegiate body and Commissioners are required to be independent of all outside bodies, most have previously held political mandates in their home Member State and/or in the European Parliament. In this context, researchers have sought to put party political labels on individual Commissioners and thereafter compare the political make-up of colleges. The first set of illustrations below shows the make-up of the four most recent colleges (at the beginning of their terms). The second illustration shows each college since the Commission came into existence in 1958, and shows how the political balance has evolved over time. The political categorisations below are adapted from those used in the source for this material – the PEU database of the WZB Berlin Social Science Centre – but they broadly correspond to the political groups in the European Parliament today, as follows: Christian Democrat/Centre-right – EPP plus ECR (or EDG in the past); Social Democrat – S&D; Liberal – ALDE; Green – Greens/EFA; Communist (no longer a group in its own right). Certain Commissioners in earlier Colleges were regarded as independents, outwith any of the European political groups or families.

10 9 1 1 9 6 5 3 Total of college 20 25 1 Prodi Barroso I

8 5 5 13 1 8 6

Total of college Bar27roso II Junc28ker i I r s y I n II er  III rs in od so I rs Re in II fa so II rs 1958 1999 1993 1985 1981 1977 1973 1962 1967 2014 2010 2004 1995 1989 1970 te Pr Ortoli Thor Sant ste Jenkin Junc ke Delo Mal Delo Delo Bar ro Bar ro Halls Hall

Chrisan Democrat/Centre-right Socialist/Social Democrat Liberal Independent Communist Green

Data Source: PEU database, WZB Berlin Social Science Centre.

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College of Commissioners by age and gender (1999-2014) The following graphs show the breakdown of the Colleges of Commissioners since 1999, by age and gender, based on the situation at the beginning of each Commission’s term. Due to EU enlargement, the number of Commissioners has increased from 20 to 28 since 1999. While the proportion of women in the College has fluctuated during this period, it has increased from 25.0% in 1999 to 32.1% at the start of the Juncker Commission in 2014.

Overall 25.0% 75.0% 20.0% 80.0% 33.3% 66.7% 32.1% 67.9%

>64 >65 1 >65 >65 2 >65 >65 2 >65 >65 1 >65

60-64 60-65 1 60-65 60-65 2 2 60-65 60-65 3 60-65 60-65 1 6 60-65

55-59 55-60 7 55-60 55-60 1 5 55-60 55-60 4 5 55-60 55-60 1 4 55-60

50-54 50-55 3 50-55 50-55 2 3 50-55 50-55 1 4 50-55 50-55 3 3 50-55

45-49 45-50 4 2 45-50 45-50 7 45-50 45-50 1 3 45-50 45-50 3 2 45-50

<45 <45 1 1 <45 <45 1 <45 <45 1 3 <45 <45 1 3 <45 7 5 3 1 012345601234567 1 3 5 77 7 5 3 1 012345601234567 1 3 5 77 7 5 3 1 012345601234567 1 3 5 77 7 5 3 1 012345601234567 1 3 5 77 Prodi (1999) Barroso I (2004) Barroso II (2010) Juncker (2014)

Total Commission staff The Commission had a total of 30 004 staff in July 2015, of which 45% were administrators, 33% were assistants and 22% were contractual agents. The bar chart shows the breakdown by gender: 33% male administrators, 25% female administrators, 14% male assistants, and 28% female assistants. (Data on the breakdown by gender for contract agents are not available.)

30 004 13 590 9 917 6 497 OVERALL ADMINISTRATORS ASSISTANTS CONTRACTUAL AGENTS

23 507

33% Administrators 25% 14% Assistants 28%

Historical evolution of the number of Commission staff posts

From the beginning of the Prodi 25 380 26 161 25 000 24 944 24 781 Commission in 1999 up to 2009, 23 141 the Commission’s staff numbers 2013 enlargement: 20 810 1 new Member State increased steadily. However, the 20 000 second Barroso Commission was 2007 enlargement: 2 new Member States marked by a decrease in staff. 15 000 2004 enlargement: 10 new Member States 10 000 Prodi Barroso I Barroso II Juncker (1999) (2004) (2010) 2014 NB: The figures in this graphic refer to administrator and assistant posts provided for the institution in the annual EU budget, and are always slightly higher than the actual number of staff employed.

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Location of Commission staff The European Commission has its headquarters in Brussels, with some staff based in Luxembourg. It has staff assigned to Representations in each of the 28 Member States, and to 139 EU Delegations and offices around the world (in which Commission staff work alongside colleagues from the External Action Service (EEAS)). The map below shows the location of the Commission’s staff, with the majority (21 496 employees) located in Brussels, representing 72% of the total staff. The figures are as of 1 July 2015.

Brussels 21 496

1 479 Outside EU

3 806 Luxembourg

Other EU 3 223

Number of staff by Directorate-General

The bar chart below shows the number of European Commission employees by Directorate-General and other departments in 2015. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) employs almost 2 500 staff, representing 8% of the total. Half of the employees are distributed among a quarter of the total 44 DGs and other departments.

2 470 50% 75% 2 405 1 890 1 454 1 118 1 093 997 977 1 037 853 802 79 2 76 5 75 8 74 0 71 0 70 1 631 628 599 578 569 566 513 507 484 474 458 455 454 450 414 162 389 157 138 138 329 330 320 319 299 46 35 I T T E E P C C A D N O SJ VE SG HR OP FP HO IA S OI L FI JR TA T OI B OW GI O EA RT OS EN V DG XU D SCIC JUST AGRI EPSC PM O OLAF EPSO ENER DIGI T NEAR EMPL EC ES EC P- BUDG MARE COMP MO RE FISM HOME CLIMA SANT CN EC GR TRAD TA DEVC COMM Cd COLLÈGE

See next page for key to DG/departmental acronyms.

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Commissioners, Directorates-General and staff The table below shows the current College of Commissioners, the Directorates-General of which they are in charge, and the number of staff under each Commissioner (figures for 2015). The category ‘Commissioners’ private offices’ covers the staff working directly for individual Commissioners in their cabinets. The bar chart highlights the number of administrators that work for each of the Commissioners. Vice-President is responsible for almost seven thousand staff, of whom 3 103 are administrators, 1 994 are assistants and 1 825 are contractual agents. The last four persons listed in the table are Vice-Presidents who do not directly oversee any Directorate-General or service. However, they have private office staff and head project teams.

Commissioners DG/Department Total Breakdown of staff staff (No of Administrators) Kristalina Georgieva BUDG; HR; OLAF; DGT; SCIC; PMO; OIB; OIL; EPSO 6 Georgiev922a (3 103) Tibor Navracsics EAC; JRC 2 Navracsics944 (1 084) CTR Jean-Claude Juncker COMM; SJ; SG; EPSC 1 995Juncker (848) Neven Mimica DEVCO 1 890Mimica (676) Günther Oettinger CNECT; DIGIT 1 481Oettinger (618) Marianne Thyssen EMPL; ESTAT 1 466Thyssen (689) AST Carlos Moedas RTD 1 454Moedas (563) Elżbieta Bieńkowska GROW 1Bieńkows 093ka (583) Pierre Moscovici ECFIN; TAXUD 1 Moscovici082 (660) Phil Hogan AGRI 1 037Hogan (545) Johannes Hahn ELARG 853Hahn (257) AD Karmenu Vella ENV; MARE 837Vella (465) Margrethe Vestager COMP 802Vestager (474) Vytenis Andriukaitis SANTE Andriuk758aitis (413) Miguel Arias Cañete ENER; CLIMA 735Cañete (396) Corina Creţu REGIO 710Creţu (349) Cecilia Malmström TRADE Malmström599 (373) Violeta Bulc MOVE 513Bulc (250) Věra Jourová JUST 450Jourová (239) Dimitris Avramopoulos HOME Avramopoulos329 (211) Jonathan Hill FISMA 320Hill (201) Christos Stylianides ECHO St299ylianides (113) Federica Mogherini FPI Mogherini162 (44) Frans Timmermans IAS Timmermans138 (91) Ansip- Andrus Ansip - Administrators Maroš Šefčovič - Šefčovič- Assistants Valdis Dombrovskis - Dombrovsk-is Jyrki Katainen - Katainen- Contractual agents Commissioners’ private offices - Commissioner's private o ce458 sta (201) Other* OP; CdP-OSP 677other (144) Total 30 040 0(131000 5902000 3000 Administrators)4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 * The category ‘other’ refers to additional staff administratively part of the Commission, but not working directly for any Commissioner.

Directorates-General/Departments AGRI - Agriculture and Rural Development ENER - Energy NEAR - Neighbourhood and Enlargement BUDG - Budget ENV - Environment Negotiations CdP-OSP - Staff committees EPSC - European Political Strategy Centre OIB - Infrastructure and Logistics - Brussels CLIMA - Climate Action EPSO - European Personnel Selection Office OIL - Infrastructure and Logistics - Luxembourg CNECT - Communications Networks, Content and ESTAT - Eurostat OLAF - European Anti-Fraud Office Technology FISMA - Financial Stability, Financial Services and OP - Publications Office COLLÈGE - Commissioner’s private office staff Capital Markets Union PMO - Office for Administration And Payment of COMM - Communication FPI - Service for Foreign Policy Instruments Individual Entitlements COMP - Competition GROW - Internal Market, Industry, REGIO - Regional and Urban Policy DEVCO - International Cooperation and Entrepreneurship and SMEs RTD - Research and Innovation Development HOME - Migration and Home Affairs SANTE - Health and Food Safety DGT - Translation HR - Human Resources and Security SCIC - Interpretation DIGIT - Informatics IAS - Internal Audit Service SG - Secretariat-General EAC - Education and Culture JRC - Joint Research Centre SJ - Legal Service ECFIN - Economic and Financial Affairs JUST - Justice and Consumers TAXUD - Taxation and Customs Union ECHO - Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection MARE - Maritime Affairs and Fisheries TRADE - Trade EMPL - Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion MOVE - Mobility and Transport

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Gender distribution and size of each Directorate-General The scatter-plot below depicts the distribution of women and men among the European Commission’s 30 004 staff (excluding 6 497 contractual agents, due to lack of data) in 2015. The proportion of women is plotted along the horizontal axis, with the male proportion on the vertical. The size of the bubbles represents the size of each of the 44 Directorates-General and other departments, by number of staff. On average, there are 682 administrators and assistants per Directorate-General, 53% of whom are women and 47% men. Out of the 44 departments, 10 employ more than 60% women (lower-right box) and five employ more than 60% men (upper-left box). These two groups include the two largest Directorates-General: Translation (DGT) with 2 405 staff, of whom 67% are women, and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) with 2 470 staff, of whom 67% are men.

80% Over 60% men OLAF ESTAT Average DG OIB ECFIN TAXUD AGRI 682 staff JRC 47% men DEVCO CNECT GROW 53% women FPI SANTE IAS HR 60% DIGIT OIL MARE EMPL COMP TRADE MOVE male ECHO NEAR FISMA EAC ENER CdP-OSP JUST 40% EPSC RTD REGIO BUDG ENV DGT Average HOME SG EPSO SCIC OP SJ PMO CLIMA COMM COLLÈGE Over 60% women 20% 40% female 60%80% Gender distribution of staff by age group The left-hand graph below shows the number of women and men per two-year age group among the Commission’s staff. Women aged 37 and 38 constitute the largest age group overall, at 1 001. Men aged 53 and 54 are the most numerous among their gender, at 906. Persons aged 47 and 48 constitute the largest age group overall. Singling out those age groups with a minimum of 100 persons (between 31 and 64 years of age), the gender distribution is noticeably skewed. While the ratio of women is highest aged 31 and 32, at 67%, their share in staff steadily decreases – and almost reverses in the age group of 63 and 64, at 35% – with increasing age.

Gender distribuon Total permanent staff (in age groups with 67 - 68 >100 persons each) 65 - 66 63 - 64 35% 65% 61 - 62 38% 62% 59 - 60 38% 62% 57 - 58 40% 60% 55 - 56 44% 56% 53 - 54 most men 48% 52% 51 - 52 49% 51% most equal group 49 - 50 52% 48% 47 - 48 52% 48% largest group 45 - 46 55% 45% 43 - 44 55% 45% 41 - 42 58% 42% 39 - 40 58% 42% 37 - 38 most women 61% 39% 35 - 36 65% 35% 33 - 34 66% 34% 31 - 32 67% 33% 29 - 30 27 - 28 Overall gender distribuon 25 - 26 23 - 24 52.6% 47.4% 21 - 22 female male 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 000 2 000 Members’ Research Service Page 8 of 12 EPRS European Commission: Facts and Figures

Nationality of Commission staff Although nationality is not a basis for recruitment (other than in the specific case of nationals of new Member States) or for appointment to posts within the EU institutions, and all officials are required to act impartially and in the interests of the Union, Member State governments and researchers have shown a keen interest in the numbers of nationals from the various Member States employed in the Commission. The graphic below shows the number of administrators and assistants in the Commission, broken down by Member State of origin. The small horizontal line on each bar graph indicates the level of staff that would be equal to a given country’s share of the overall population of the EU. Green bars signify that a country’s share in a category of staff is above that level, and red ones indicate that it is below. Staff from the EU’s six largest Member States by size of population (in descending order: Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Poland) are significantly below the values that represent their country’s share in the overall EU population. Belgium and Luxembourg are substantially above that relative value, reflecting their position as countries hosting most Commission staff.

FI 325 191 EE 134 70 DK SE LV 242 132 327 175 159 70 LT IE 200 112 230 215 UK BE NL PL 679 321 1 321 2 765 425 167 758 403 LU DE CZ SK 43 93 1 381 578 315 148 204 128 AT HU 284 136 409 213 FR SI HR RO 1 347 928 168 69 158 45 577 331

BG 369 184

PT ES IT EL 395 257 1 040 610 1 344 1 134 554 367

KEY Over-representaon Level according to country share of EU populaon MT CY 116 30 68 37 Administrators Assistants Under-representaon Administrators per Assistants per Member State Member State DE other FR other BE others PT IT HU UK RO NL BE IT EL EL RO ES PL FR UK PL DE ES Members’ Research Service Page 9 of 12 EPRS European Commission: Facts and Figures

Proposals and legal acts adopted by the Commission The following bar charts show the number of proposals transmitted by the Commission to the Council and Parliament, and the number of legal acts adopted by the Commission under delegated or implementing powers in each calendar year since 1999. The data shown are based on statistics from Eur-Lex. In the first chart, the largest bar for each year shows the total number of proposals for legal acts submitted by the Commission to the Council, or to the Council and Parliament. The second bar shows, within that overall total, total the number of proposals for legislative acts submitted by the Commission for adoptiontotal by the Council (under the consent or consultation procedure), or by the Council and Parliament (under the ordinary legislative procedure, formerly co-decision – COD). The pink part of this second bar shows the proportionCNS/ andAPP number/AVC/SYN of thoseCO legislativeD proposals subject to co-decision. The graph shows a declining trend in the total number of proposals over the period, and clearly shows the predominance of co-decision for legislative proposals since the Lisbon Treaty came into force.

563 540 546 560 501 540 501 533 464 485 456 426 401 358 401 391 358 353 322 248

46 93 125 138 126 160 92 97 135 113 128 71 110 174 107 137 74 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total proposals – of which legislave proposals under: COD Other legislave procedures

The Commission adopts delegated and implementing acts under Articles 290 and 291 TFEU, or the earlier comitology system. The graph shows a clear decline in the total number of such legal acts over the period, however the share of Amending act acts amending earlier such legal acts in the total has grown, from 17% in 1999 to 41% Basicin 2015. act

3 000 Basic act Amending act (adopted by the Commission) 2 000 1 000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Infringement procedures If the Commission and a Member State fail to settle a case of a possible infringement of EU law early by means of a structured dialogue, the Commission can launch an infringement procedure with a formal notice to the Member State in question, following up with a reasoned opinion and ultimately a court case. To date, 1 811 cases have been taken to court. The longest case lasted 12 years from formal notice to its closing, but over two thirds of closed cases lasted less than a year. The chart below depicts all formal infringement procedures launched by the Commission since 2002. The data come from the Commission’s database on infringement decisions.

5 000

4 000 Closing of the case

Withdrawal 3 000 Referral to court

2 000 Reasoned opinion

Addional formal noce 1 000 Formal noce 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Members’ Research Service Page 10 of 12 EPRS European Commission: Facts and Figures

Commissioners’ relationships with EP Committees The European Parliament’s committees exercise oversight over the work of the Commission in their policy field and regularly invite Commissioners to discuss different aspects of their activities in committee meetings. While some committees correspond exclusively to a single Commission portfolio, other committees cover multiple Commissioners’ fields of work. The table below shows the College of Commissioners with their portfolios and corresponding EP Committees. It is derived from the autumn 2014 hearings of then Commissioners-designate. The third column highlights those committees that work with more than one Commissioner, while the fourth column shows all committees that correspond to any given Commission portfolio. For example, the Employment and Social Affairs Committee (EMPL) pertains to the fields of work of three Commissioners in particular: Valdis Dombrovskis, Jyrki Katainen and Marianne Thyssen.

Parliamentary committees Multiple Commissioner Policy portfolio coverage by committee Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, the JURI, LIBE, AFCO Frans Timmermans Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs AFET Federica Mogherini and Security Policy / Vice-President of the Commission Kristalina Georgieva Budget and Human Resources BUDG, CONT Andrus Ansip Digital Single Market IMCO Maroš Šefčovič Energy Union AFET TRAN Vice-Presidents Valdis Dombrovskis Euro and Social Dialogue ECON, EMPL EMPL Jyrki Katainen Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness ECON, EMPL, ITRE

Günther H. Oettinger Digital Economy and Society JURI ITRE, CULT Johannes Hahn European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement AFET Negotiations LIBE Cecilia Malmström Trade INTA Neven Mimica International Cooperation and Development IMCO DEVE Miguel Arias Cañete Climate Action and Energy ITRE, ENVI Karmenu Vella Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries ENVI ENVI, PECH Vytenis Andriukaitis Health and Food Safety ENVI Dimitris Avramopoulos Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship DEVE LIBE Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour EMPL Marianne Thyssen Mobility ECON Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and ECON Pierre Moscovici Customs

Christos Stylianides Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management CULT DEVE Phil Hogan Agriculture and Rural Development AGRI Commissioners Jonathan Hill Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital ECON Markets Union ITRE Violeta Bulc Transport TRAN Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and ITRE, IMCO Elżbieta Bieńkowska SMEs IMCO, JURI, LIBE, Věra Jourová Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality FEMM Tibor Navracsics Education, Culture, Youth and Sport CULT Corina Creţu Regional Policy REGI Margrethe Vestager Competition ECON Carlos Moedas Research, Science and Innovation ITRE Members’ Research Service Page 11 of 12 EPRS European Commission: Facts and Figures

EU Budget

The left-hand side of the infographic shows the EU budget for 2016, divided by administrative and programme budgets, referring to commitment appropriations. 2.16% (or €3 352 million) of the annual budget (€155 billion) is allocated to the European Commission’s administrative expenditure, while 3.6% (or €5 583 million) serves the administrative budgets of other EU institutions, as well as pensions and European schools. The box on the right shows who manages the EU budget. The Commission bears ultimate responsibility for implementing the EU’s budget. In practice, however, nearly four fifths of the budget is spent under ‘shared management’, with Member States’ authorities effectively distributing funds and managing expenditure. The remainder of the budget is covered by ‘direct management’ – managed by the Commission and its executive agencies, including staff in EU Delegations – and ‘indirect management’, under which a range of bodies including international organisations, third countries, the European Investment Bank and other public or private-sector partners spend EU funds.

Overall EU budget: €155 004 million Who manages the EU’s funds?

Other instuons’ administrave budget Direct management Indirect management 3.6% (€5 583.2 million) 15% 7% European Commission administrave budget Shared management (Member States) 2.16% (€3 352 million) 78% Programme budget 94.24% (€146 069 million)

Notes Directorates-General: AGRI (Agriculture and Rural Development), BUDG (Budget), CdP-OSP (Staff committees),CLIMA (Climate Action),CNECT (Communications Networks, Content and Tech- nology), COLLÈGE (Commissioner’s private office staff),COMM (Communication),COMP (Competition),DEVCO (International Cooperation and Development),DGT (Translation),DIGIT (Infor- matics), EAC (Education and Culture), ECFIN (Economic and Financial Affairs), ECHO (Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection), EMPL (Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion), ENER (Energy), ENV (Environment), EPSC (European Political Strategy Centre), EPSO (European Personnel Selection Office ), ESTAT (Eurostat), FISMA (Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union), FPI (Service for Foreign Policy Instruments), GROW (Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs), HOME (Migration and Home Affairs),HR (Human Resources and Security), IAS (Internal Audit Service), JRC (Joint Research Centre), JUST (Justice and Consumers), MARE (Maritime Affairs and Fisheries), MOVE (Mobility and Transport), NEAR (Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations), OIB (Infrastructures and Logistics - Brussels), OIL (Infrastructures and Logistics - Luxembourg), OLAF (European Anti-Fraud Office), OP (Publications Office), PMO (Office For Administration And Payment Of Individual Entitlements),REGIO (Regional and urban Policy), RTD (Research and Innovation),SANTE (Health and Food Safety), SCIC (Interpretation), SG (Secretariat-General), SJ (Legal Service), TAXUD (Taxation and Customs Union), TRADE (Trade). EP Committees: AFCO (Constitutional Affairs), AFET (Foreign Affairs), AGRI (Agriculture and Rural Development), BUDG (Budgets), CONT (Budgetary Control), CULT (Culture and Education), DEVE (Development), DROI (Human Rights), ECON (Economic and Monetary Affairs), EMPL (Employment and Social Affairs), ENVI (Environment, Public Health and Food Safety), FEMM (Women’s Rights and Gender Equality), IMCO (Internal Market and Consumer Protection),INTA (International Trade),ITRE (Industry, Research and Energy), JURI (Legal Affairs),LIBE (Civil Liber- ties, Justice and Home Affairs),PECH (Fisheries), PETI (Petitions),REGI (Regional Development), SEDE (Security and Defence), TAXE (Tax Rulings and Other Measures Similar in Nature or Effect), TRAN (Transport and Tourism).

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