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Home , 200 Liberty Street, Battery Park City, James Corner, London Terrace, New York Coliseum, Pier 57

Walking Tour #2 Reflection Prompt History of RED in NYC

As you walk north along the , keep in mind the formerly active docks, market areas, and elevated highways that characterized the of . What lesson or lessons do you draw from the development that you see in terms of both urban infrastructure and real estate?

Your answers should be no more than 500 words. Please include a photo of your journey with your write-up.

Submittal Instructions: •! Hard copy: Please bring a hard copy to class on October 20th and place at front of lecture hall before or after lecture. •! Electronically: Please submit before October 20th 9AM on CourseWorks in the Assignment tab prior to the start of class. Please label your assignment PLANA6272_Walking Tour 2_Last Name_FirstName (i.e. PLANA6272_Walking Tour 2_Ascher_Kate). Word or PDF is acceptable. ! WALKING(TOUR(#2( History(of(Real(Estate(Development(in(NYC(

WALKING(TOUR(#2,(cont’d( History(of(Real(Estate(Development(in(NYC WALKING(TOUR(#2,(cont’d( History(of(Real(Estate(Development(in(NYC WALKING TOUR #2 MAP LINK

A. Battery - Castle Clinton National Monument Other Names: Fort Clinton, Castle Garden, West Battery, South-West Battery

Castle Clinton is a circular sandstone fort now located in Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan that stands approximately two blocks west of where Fort Amsterdam stood almost 400 years ago. Construction began in 1808 and was completed in 1811. The fort (originally named West Battery) was built on a small artificial island just off shore and was intended to complement the three-tiered Castle Williams on , which was East Battery, to defend from British forces in the tensions that marked the run-up to the War of 1812, but never saw action in that or any war. Subsequent landfill expanded Battery Park, and incorporated the fort into the mainland of Manhattan Island.

Over its active life, it has also functioned as a beer garden, exhibition hall, theater, public aquarium, and finally today as a national monument. It is perhaps best remembered as America's first immigration station (predating ), where more than 8 million people arrived in the U.S. from 1855 to 1890. Castle Clinton National Monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 1966.

Notable Immigrants: Oscar Hammerstein I (composer, father of Hammerstein of Rodgers & Hammerstein), Harry Houdini (magician), Carl Laemmle (founder of Universal Studios), William Fox (Fox Studios, etc.)

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B. **SEE ATTACHED BATTERY PARK CITY MAP FOR KEY POINTS**

Battery Park City is a 92-acre add-on to the original island created from excavated fill from construction projects like the original World Trade Center towers, among others. Construction began on the first residential building in 1980, followed in 1981 with the start of construction on the World Financial Center, which was completed in 1985. The World Financial Center was later renamed Brookfield Place New York in 2014.

Current residential neighborhoods of Battery Park City are divided into a north and south section, separated by the World Financial Center Complex. The southern section, extending down from the Winter Garden, is the more densely populated region, containing Gateway Plaza, and Rector Place apartment buildings. The

northern section, although still under very large construction, consists entirely of large, 20–45-story buildings which are all various shades of orange brick.

The September 11 terrorist attacks had a major impact on Battery Park City. Residents were displaced for an extended period of time. Parts of the community were an official crime-scene and therefore residents were unable to return to live or even collect property. More than half of the area's residents moved away permanently from the community after the adjacent World Trade Center towers collapsed and spread toxic dust, debris, and smoke. Airplane parts punctured Gateay Plaza’s 600 uildig, Hudso Vie East ad Reto Suae. The Winter Garden and other portions of the World Financial Center were severely damaged. Temporarily reduced rents and government subsidies helped restore residential occupancy in the years following the attacks.

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C&D. & World Trade Center Memorial Site C. One World Trade Center Other Names: Freedom Tower, 1 WTC

At 1,776 feet tall, a reference to the year the US Declaration of Independence was signed, the 104-story One World Trade Center is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. It stands on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center. It was co- developed by The Port Authority of New York and and The Durst Organization and designed by David M. Childs of Skidmore, Owings & . The 2.6-million-square-foot building includes office space, an observation deck, restaurants, and broadcast and antennae facilities.

The complex is still under development and three additional towers are planned for the site.

http://onewtc.com/

D. World Trade Center Memorial Site The National September 11 Memorial is a tribute of remembrance and honor to the nearly 3,000 people killed in the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 at the , near Shanksville, Pa., and at the Pentagon, as well as the

six people killed in the World Trade Center bombing in February 1993.

The Meoial’s ti efletig pools ae eah ealy a ae i size ad featue the largest manmade waterfalls in the North America. The pools sit within the footprints where the Twin Towers once stood. Architect and landscape architect Peter Walker created the Memorial design selected from a global design competition that included more than 5,200 entries from 63 nations.

The names of every person who died in the 2001 and 1993 attacks are inscribed into bronze panels edging the Memorial pools, a powerful reminder of the largest loss of life resulting from a foreign attack on American soil and the greatest single loss of rescue personnel in American history.

http://www.911memorial.org/

E. The original 7 World Trade Center was completed in 1987. In the , 7 WTC was damaged by debris when the nearby North Tower of the World Trade Center collapsed. The debris also ignited fires, which continued to burn throughout the afternoon on lower floors of the building. The building's internal fire suppression system lacked water pressure to fight the fires, and the building collapsed completely later that evening. The collapse made the old 7 World Trade Center the first tall building known to have collapsed primarily due to uncontrolled fires, and the first and only steel in the world to have collapsed due to fire

The current building opened in 2006. The building is 52 stories tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York. It is built on a smaller footprint than the original, allowing Greenwich Street to be restored from through the World Trade Center site and south to Battery Park. The current building's design emphasizes safety, with a reinforced concrete core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing of steel columns. It also incorporates numerous green design features. The building was the first commercial office building in to receive the U.S. Council's Leadership in Energy and (LEED) certification, where it won a gold rating. It was also one of the first projects accepted to be part of the Council's Pilot Program for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell Development (LEED-CS). , who holds a ground lease for the site from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, developed both buildings.

Source F. Hudson River Park is a waterside park on the Hudson River that extends from south to Battery Park. The park connects many other recreational sites and landmarks including Battery Park, Battery Park City, The World Trade Center site, the World Financial Center / Winter Garden, , Pier 57, Pier 63 (site of historic ships Lightship Frying Pan and Fireboat John J. Harney), Intrepid Sea-Air- Space Museum, and Riverside Park. It runs through the Manhattan neighborhoods of , Battery Park City, TriBeCa, , Gansevoort Market (The Meatpacking District), Chelsea, Midtown West, and Hell's Kitchen (Clinton).

It is a joint New York State and New York City collaboration and is a 550-acre (2.2 km2) park, the biggest in Manhattan after . The park arose as part of the replacement project in the wake of the abandoned Westway plan.

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G. Pier 40 Pier 40 at Hudson River Park, more commonly known as Pier 40, is parking, sports facility, and former marine terminal located at the west end of Houston Street in Manhattan, New York City, within Hudson River Park. It is home to the New York Knights of the American National Rugby League (ANRL), though it is primarily used by youth and high school athletics. The pier is the largest structure in Hudson River Park at over 14 acres in size,[6] and is the home to the Hudson River Park Trust's offices.[7] Various park tenants host activities as well. Sports include baseball, football, soccer, kayaking, rowing, trapeze arts, and rugby among others. Despite several well-intentioned plans to save it, Pier 40 is slowly sinking into the Hudson. But a new proposal between state and Hudson River Park officials might be the solution, presuming it can earn all the necessary approvals and pass muster

with some development-wary neighbors. The park would get $100 million in exchange for a heap of air rights, which would in turn be applied to the giant St. John's Terminal building along the West Side Highway, an industrial vestige that spans three blocks and currently acts as office space. The building, which is pictured across the street from the Pier in the photo above, would get razed in chunks over the course of a decade, and in its place would rise "several residential buildings and shops."

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H. St. John's Park Freight Terminal Large 4-story industrial and office building. Formerly the southern end of the "" freight railroad line serving the West Side, it was completed in 1935. It is three city blocks long, with Houston Street passing underneath a portion of the building, and contains 1.3 million square feet of space, giving it Manhattan's largest floor plates. It is clad in beige brick, with rows of loading docks facing West and Washington Streets, and large industrial windows on the upper floors. Eugene Grant has owned the building since the 1960s. In the 1980s, most of the warehousing space was converted to offices.

Though the uildig did’t hae the taditioal look ad feel of a offie uildig, it had othe haateistis that ade it appealig. The uildig’s floos, fo oe thing, had been constructed to bear the tremendous load of freight trains that used to roll into the property, and this industrial-strength infrastructure drew takers. In the 1990s, Merrill Lynch installed massive mainframe computers in a portion of the space. Bloomberg LP, the financial information, technology and media company, also took space and continues to have a presence in the building. Overall, however, vacancy has grown at the property through the years, to the poit hee it’s alost fully epty.

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I. Chelsea Market is an enclosed urban food court, shopping mall, office building and television production facility. Built in the former National Biscuit Company factory complex where the Oreo cookie was invented and produced, the complex fills two entire blocks bounded by Ninth and Eleventh Avenues and 15th and 16th Streets, with a connecting bridge over .

The area has always been the locus of food in the city, beginning with the Algonquin Indians, who traded their game and crops on the banks of the Hudson River at this same spot. The trains of the High Line once served the wholesale butchers who lined the streets beneath the tracks.

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J. Pier 57 Pier 57 is listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places. It was built in 1952 and is considered significant because of its innovative engineering design by Emil Praeger, who also designed floating piers for Allied landings in World War II. Three buoyant, hollow concrete boxes support pier 57. These 27,000-ton sections were built in Haverstraw, NY. Upon completion, they were flooded and floated down the river to their current location. The Pier's method of construction was widely heralded and publicized in engineering journals at the time. Pier 57 is currently in the midst of its required environmental review process. If this process is successfully completed, plans are for Youngwoo & Associates to transform Pier 57 into an innovative hub of cultural, recreational and public market activities.

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K. Terrance Towers London Terrace is an apartment building complex located in New York City, in the Chelsea section of western Manhattan. It encompasses an entire city block bounded by Ninth and Tenth Avenues, as well as by West 23rd and 24th Streets. Construction began in late 1929, at a cost of more than $25,000,000 (equivalent to $343,362,000 in 2015)[1] on what was then to be the largest apartment building in the world. The London Terrace building contains approximately 1,700 apartments in 14 contiguous buildings between 17 and 19 stories high as well as an Olympic sized swimming pool. Constructed by Henry Mandel Companies and the architectural firm, Farrar & Watmough, the building is currently operated by two separate entities. London Terrace Towers is currently a co-op and managed by Douglas Elliman Property Management, while London Terrace Gardens is now a rental building and managed by Rose Associates.

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L. Chelsea Piers Chelsea Piers is a series of piers on the West Side of Manhattan on the northern edge of Greenwich Village and the Meatpacking District. Historically, the Chelsea Piers referred to the luxury liner berths on Manhattan's west side from 1910 to the 1930s. Most of the major trans-Atlantic liners of the day docked at the piers, including the RMS Lusitania and was the destination of the RMS Titanic. The Chelsea Piers Sports & Entertainment Complex currently uses the piers. Pier 59 is home to the Chelsea Brewing Company, the only microbrewery in Manhattan. The new complex includes film and television production facilities, including those for CBS Sports Network and Food Network, a health club, a day spa, the city's largest training center for gymnastics, two basketball courts, playing fields for indoor lacrosse and soccer, batting cages, a rock climbing wall, and dance studios. In addition there is an AMF Bowling center, a golf club with multi-story driving range, and two full sized ice rinks for skating. The complex also includes a marina for mooring private boats.

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M. The High Line **SEE ATTACHED HIGH LINE MAP FOR KEY POINTS **

The High Line is a public park built on a historic freight rail line elevated above the steets o Mahatta’s West Side. It us fo Gaseoot Steet i the Meatpacking District to West 34th Street, between 10th and 11th Avenues. The High Line was built in the 1930s, as part of a massive public-private infrastructure project called the West Side Improvement. It lifted freight traffic 30 feet in the air, removing dangerous trains from the streets of Manhattan's largest industrial district. No trains have run on the High Line since 1980. Friends of the High Line, a community-based non-profit group, formed in 1999 when the historic structure was under threat of demolition. Friends of the High Line works in partnership with the City of New York to preserve and maintain the structure as an elevated public park. The design team of landscape architects James Corner Field Operations, with architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, created the High Line's public landscape with guidance from a diverse community of High Line supporters. Construction on the park began in 2006. The first section, from Gansevoort Street to West 20th Street, opened June 9, 2009. The second section, from West 20th Street to West 30th Street, opened in spring, 2011.

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N. Starrett-Lehigh Building The Starrett-Lehigh Building at 601 West 26th Street between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues and between 26th and 27thStreets in Chelsea, Manhattan, New York City, is a full-block freight terminal, warehouse and office building. It was built in 1930–1 as a joint venture of the Starrett real-estate interests and the Lehigh Valley Railroad on a lot where the railroad had its previous freight terminal, and was designed by the firm of (Russell G.) Cory & (Walter M.) Cory, with Yasuo Matsuithe associate architect and the firm of Purdy & Henderson the consulting engineers. The Starrett-Lehigh Building was named a New York City landmark in 1986, and is part of the West Chelsea Historic District, designated in 2008. In April 2011, Shorenstein Properties of San Francisco, who owned the building, sold it to RXR Realty for $900 million.[8] Among the tenants in the building are Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, the Mcgarrybowen advertising agency, Club Monaco US of Ralph Lauren Corporation and Tommy Hilfiger USA, the building's largest tenant.

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O. Hudson Yards Area & Development Project Hudson Yards is the largest private real estate development in the history of the and the largest development in New York City since . It is anticipated that more than 24 million people will visit Hudson Yards every year. The site will ultimately include more than 17 million square feet of commercial and residential space, 5 state-of-the-art office towers, more than 100 shops, 20 restaurants, approximately 5,000 residences, a unique cultural space, 14 acres of public open space, a 750-seat public school and a 150-room luxury hotel— all offering unparalleled amenities and easy access to transportation for residents, employees and guests.

The complex is being built on 28 acres on the West Side of Manhattan, over a working rail yard that is divided by 11th Avenue into eastern and western portions. In May 2010, the MTA leased the air rights over the railyard for 99 years to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group, which will build two platforms above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings. The platforms will bridge 30 active Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) train tracks, three subsurface rail tunnels utilized by Amtrak and New Jersey Transit, and a fourth passageway, the Gateway Tunnel, currently under construction.

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P. Jacob K. Javits Convention Center The is a large convention center located on Eleventh Avenue, between 34th and 40th streets, in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan. Designed by architect James Ingo Freed of I. M. Pei and partners, the revolutionary space frame structure was begun in 1980 and finished in 1986 and named for United States Senator Jacob K. Javits, who died that year.

The convention center has a total area space of 1,800,000 square feet. Planning and constructing a convention center on Manhattan's west side has had a long and controversial history, including efforts starting in the early 1970s to produce a West Side development megaproject.

When the Center opened, it replaced the New York Coliseum as the city's major convention facility, making way for the demolition of the Coliseum and future construction of the Time Warner Center at .

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www.bpca.ny.gov

200 Liberty Street New York, New York 10281 HIGH LINE AND FRIENDS OF THE HIGH LINE HOURS The High Line is an elevated freight rail line transformed into a public park The High Line is open daily. Hours vary by season. Visit www.thehighline.org on Manhattan’s West Side. It is owned by the City of New York, and or follow @highlinenyc on Twitter for the latest park information. maintained and operated by Friends of the High Line. Founded in 1999 by community residents, Friends of the High Line fought DIRECTIONS for the High Line’s preservation and transformation at a time when the historic structure was under the threat of demolition. It is now the non- Subway profit conservancy working with the New York City Department of & A / C / E to Penn Station at 34th Street and 8th Avenue Recreation to make sure the High Line is maintained as an extraordinary 1 / 2 / 3 to Penn Station at 34th Street and 7th Avenue public space for all visitors to enjoy. C / E to West and 8th Avenue 1 / 2 / 3 to West 14th Street and 7th Avenue In addition to overseeing maintenance, operations, and public L or A / C / E to West 14th Street and 8th Avenue programming for the park, Friends of the High Line works to raise the 1 to 18th Street or West 23rd Street and 7th Avenue essential private funds to support more than 90 percent of the park’s annual operating budget, and to advocate for the transformation of the Bus High Line at the Rail Yards, the third and northernmost section of the M11 to Washington Street historic structure, which runs between West 30th and West 34th Streets. M11 along 9th or 10th Avenue M12 along 11th or 12th Avenue HIGH LINE MEMBERSHIP M14 to 9th Avenue M23 to 10th Avenue Friends of the High Line is the non-profit conservancy responsible for M34 to 10th Avenue maintaining an extraordinary public space on the High Line. Membership is a vital source of general support for the High Line. With help from The High Line is fully wheelchair accessible. members, we are able to offer a wide range of free, innovative programs for visitors of all ages and interests. Additionally, membership helps Friends of the High Line provide virtually all of the park’s operating STAY CONNECTED budget each year, allowing us to hire staff who keep the park welcoming Visit www.thehighline.org to check out the High Line Blog, sign up for the and the plantings vibrant. High Line E-News, follow the High Line on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Visit www.thehighline.org to become a member today. and Instagram, or share your photos in the High Line Flickr Pool.

HIGH LINE PROGRAMS This map was produced by Friends of the High Line. Through its free tours, workshops, field trips, and festivals, Friends of the Photos by James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, High Line offers opportunities for families, teens, and adults to explore Iwan Baan, Patrick Cullina, Timothy Schenck contemporary arts, horticulture, and urban preservation, creating innovative experiences that highlight the distinctiveness of the park. Map design by OCD © 2014

HIGH LINE ART Friends of the High Line commissions and produces site-specific artworks, exhibitions, performances, video and film projections, and a series of billboard interventions as part of High Line Art, a program that invites artists to create work that responds to the High Line in a unique way.

PAGE 1 OF 4 WEST 35TH STREET

WEST 34TH STREET FUTURE NO. 7 SUBWAY STATION

WEST 33RD STREET

INTERIM WALKWAY WEST SIDE HIGHWAY/9A WEST

WEST 31ST STREET HIGH LINE AT THE RAIL YARDS (OPENING SEPTEMBER 21)

WEST 30TH STREET

WEST 29TH STREET

CHELSEA PARK

WEST 26TH STREET ELLIOTT-CHELSEA HOUSES WEST 25TH STREET

LEGEND TENTH AVENUE

STAIRS ELEVENTH AVENUE GANSEVOORT STREET WEST 14TH STREET WEST 23RD STREET CHELSEA WEST 16TH STREET WATERSIDE PARK WEST 18TH STREET WEST 20TH STREET WEST 22ND STREET WEST 23RD STREET CLEMENT CLARKE WEST 26TH STREET MOORE PARK WEST 28TH STREET WEST 21ST STREET WEST 30TH STREET GALLERY 11TH AVENUE DISTRICT WEST 20TH STREET STREET-LEVEL ACCESS 34TH STREET* WEST 19TH STREET *The Interim Walkway is open from dawn FULTON until 30 minutes prior to dusk. HOUSES WEST 18TH STREET ELEVATORS WEST 14TH STREET WEST 16TH STREET WEST 17TH STREET WEST 23RD STREET CHELSEA PIERS WEST 30TH STREET GANSEVOORT STREET WEST 16TH STREET (at The Diller – von CHELSEA Furstenberg Building) MARKET WEST 15TH STREET RESTROOM MEATPACKING WEST 16TH STREET DISTRICT

GANSEVOORT STREET HUDSON WEST 14TH STREET (at The Diller – von Furstenberg Building)

WEST 13TH STREET FOOD AND BEVERAGE Food and drink are available on the High Line in the spring, summer, and fall.

GANSEVOORT STREET HIGH LINE SHOP Open in the spring, summer, HIGH LINE and fall. Every purchase HEADQUARTERS supports the High Line. HORATIO STREET

WASHINGTON STREET

JANE STREET

PAGE 2 OF 4 HUDSON RIVER PARK WEST 12TH STREET

BETHUNE STREET WEST 37TH STREET

WEST 36TH STREET

WEST 35TH STREET 10TH AVENUE 11TH AVENUE11TH

WEST 34TH STREET

WEST 33RD STREET

INTERIM WALKWAY

WEST 32ND STREET

HIGH LINE AT THE RAIL YARDS (Phase 2 Construction)

WEST 30TH STREET

PERSHING SQUARE BEAMS WEST 29TH STREET

WEST 28TH STREET

PHILIP A. AND LISA MARIA 26TH STREET VIEWING SPUR FALCONE FLYOVER

WEST 26TH STREET

WEST 25TH STREET

ED RUSCHA, HONEY, 10TH AVENUE 11TH AVENUE11TH I TWISTED THROUGH MORE DAMN TRAFFIC TODAY

WEST 24TH STREET

PAGE 3 OF 4 23RD STREET LAWN

WEST 22ND STREET

10TH AVENUE SQUARE WEST 21ST STREET

WEST 20TH STREET

WEST 19TH STREET 10TH AVENUE

NORTHERN SPUR PRESERVE CHELSEA MARKET PASSAGE

WEST 17TH STREET

HIGH LINE RESTROOM

WEST 16TH STREET

DILLER–VON FURSTENBERG SUNDECK AND WATER FEATURE 14TH STREET PASSAGE

WEST 14TH STREET WEST STREET

WEST 13TH STREET

HIGH LINE RESTAURANT LITTLE WEST 12TH STREET OPENING FALL 2014

HIGH LINE RESTROOM

High Line Headquarters The Diller – von Furstenberg Building GANSEVOORT STREET

HORATIO STREET TIFFANY & CO. FOUNDATION

OVERLOOK WASHINGTON STREET

JANE STREET

PAGE 4 OF 4 WEST 12TH STREET