Silvan Tomkins's Affect Theory
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Navigating the Genealogies of Trauma, Guilt, and Affect: an Interview with Ruth Leys
Navigating the Genealogies of Trauma, Guilt, and Affect: An Interview with Ruth Leys Ruth Leys Marlene Goldman University of Toronto Quarterly, Volume 79, Number 2, Spring 2010, pp. 656-679 (Article) Published by University of Toronto Press For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/utq/summary/v079/79.2.leys.html Access Provided by Duke University Libraries at 08/29/11 12:38PM GMT RUTH LEYS AND MARLENE GOLDMAN Navigating the Genealogies of Trauma, Guilt, and Affect: An Interview with Ruth Leys ABSTRACT In this interview, Ruth Leys discusses her career as a historian of science and her research on contemporary developments in the human sciences, including Trauma: A Genealogy, From Guilt to Shame: Auschwitz and After, and her current work on the genealogy of experimental and theoretical approaches to the affects from the 1960s to the present. Among the topics she covers are her inves- tigation of the role of imitation or mimesis in trauma theory; why shame has replaced guilt as a dominant emotional reference in the West; the ways in which the shift from notions of guilt to notions of shame has involved a shift from concern about actions, or what you do, to a concern about identity, or who you are; why the shift from agency to identity has produced as one of its consequences the replacement of the idea of the meaning of a person’s inten- tions and actions by the idea of the primacy of a person’s affective experience; the significance of the recent “turn to affect” in cultural theory; and why the new affect theorists are committed to the view that the affect system is funda- mentally independent of intention and meaning because they view it is a material system of the body. -
Anger and Contested Place in the Social World
Sociology Mind, 2018, 8, 226-248 http://www.scirp.org/journal/sm ISSN Online: 2160-0848 ISSN Print: 2160-083X Anger and Contested Place in the Social World Warren D. TenHouten Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA How to cite this paper: TenHouten, W. D. Abstract (2018). Anger and Contested Place in the Social World. Sociology Mind, 8, 226-248. The root term angr includes in its meaning anger-rage and sadness-grief, https://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2018.83018 which today are recognized as two primary or basic emotions. Anger involves the brain’s “rage system”, an architecture widely represented in the animal Received: April 27, 2018 Accepted: June 2, 2018 kingdom. Anger and its opposite, fear, are the positive and negative adaptive Published: June 5, 2018 reactions to the existential problem of social hierarchy and associated compe- tition for resources and opportunities. Anger’s valence can be negative insofar Copyright © 2018 by author and as it is unpleasant for all involved but is primarily positive because anger is Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative goal-seeking and approach-oriented. Anger functions to assert social domin- Commons Attribution International ance, and detection of anger in others reveals possible challenge intentions. License (CC BY 4.0). The management and control of anger is linked to impulsivity, patience, and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ tolerance. While the Russell-Fehr model views emotions such as aggressive- Open Access ness, sullenness, and resentment as subcategories of anger, we rather contend that anger is an embedded subcategory of secondary- and tertiary-level emo- tions. -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Correlates of Imaginative Suggestibility and Hypnotizability in Children
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-2000 Correlates of imaginative suggestibility and hypnotizability in children. Bruce C. Poulsen University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Poulsen, Bruce C., "Correlates of imaginative suggestibility and hypnotizability in children." (2000). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1271. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1271 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CORRELATES OF IMAGINATIVE SUGGESTIBILITY AND HYPNOTIZABILITY IN CHILDREN A Dissertation Presented by BRUCE C. POULSEN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2000 Education © Copyright by Bruce Craig Poulsen 2000 All Rights Reserved CORRELATES OF IMAGINATIVE SUGGESTIBILITY AND HYPNOTIZABILITY IN CHILDREN A Dissertation Presented by BRUCE C. POULSEN B^\ty W. Jackson, Dean S^hqol of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance and support of several individuals, without whom this project would not have been possible. First, I am indebted to William Matthews, Jr., Ph.D. and Irving Kirsch, Ph.D. for mitial suggestions for both the research design and statistical analysis. Karen Olness, M.D. and Steven Jay Lynn, Ph.D. both provided helpful suggestions for selecting the measurement instruments. Several individuals at Primary Children's Medical Center provided invaluable support during the data collection procedures. -
Anger Management Techniques
Anger Management Techniques 1. Drain the Brain WHEN to use: When your temper begins to flare. WHAT does it do: Mentally challenge yourself before taking out your anger on others HOW? Ask yourself these questions: o WHAT is the source of my irritation? o WHAT is the degree of my anger? o WHAT is the other person’s actual role in the situation? . Turn the circumstances around to see how you would want to be treated if the other person felt as you do. These mental gymnastics can help you regain control over runaway emotions before they escape and cause external damage. 2. Walk It Off WHEN to use: o In those moments when you feel the familiar rage start to rumble, excuse yourself if others are present and take a quick walk down the hall or outdoors, depending on whether you are at home or at work, and the weather conditions. o Even a 5-10 minute stroll, especially one that is fast- paced, will help to cool your irritation as you practice the fight-or-flight strategy by escaping the potential conflict, which is one of the more popular and useful anger management techniques. Anger Management Techniques 1.Count to 20 before saying anything. 2.Leave the room for several minutes, or hours, if necessary, before discussing sensitive issues that may provoke your anger. 3.Write out a response to a problem before tackling it orally or in debate. This will give you time to think about the best approach to a problem rather than responding with random anger. -
Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: a Domain Ontology and Knowledge Graph Application Examples Zuoguang Wang1,2* , Hongsong Zhu1,2* ,Peipeiliu1,2 and Limin Sun1,2
Wang et al. Cybersecurity (2021) 4:31 Cybersecurity https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00094-6 RESEARCH Open Access Social engineering in cybersecurity: a domain ontology and knowledge graph application examples Zuoguang Wang1,2* , Hongsong Zhu1,2* ,PeipeiLiu1,2 and Limin Sun1,2 Abstract Social engineering has posed a serious threat to cyberspace security. To protect against social engineering attacks, a fundamental work is to know what constitutes social engineering. This paper first develops a domain ontology of social engineering in cybersecurity and conducts ontology evaluation by its knowledge graph application. The domain ontology defines 11 concepts of core entities that significantly constitute or affect social engineering domain, together with 22 kinds of relations describing how these entities related to each other. It provides a formal and explicit knowledge schema to understand, analyze, reuse and share domain knowledge of social engineering. Furthermore, this paper builds a knowledge graph based on 15 social engineering attack incidents and scenarios. 7 knowledge graph application examples (in 6 analysis patterns) demonstrate that the ontology together with knowledge graph is useful to 1) understand and analyze social engineering attack scenario and incident, 2) find the top ranked social engineering threat elements (e.g. the most exploited human vulnerabilities and most used attack mediums), 3) find potential social engineering threats to victims, 4) find potential targets for social engineering attackers, 5) find potential attack paths from specific attacker to specific target, and 6) analyze the same origin attacks. Keywords: Social engineering attack, Cyber security, Ontology, Knowledge graph, Attack scenarios, Threat analysis, Attack path, Attack model, Taxonomy, Composition and structure Introduction (Wang et al. -
The Affective Turn in Ethnomusicology
Ana Hofman The Affective Turn in Ethnomusicology DOI: 10.2298/MUZ1518035H UDK: 781.7:159.942 The Affective Turn in Ethnomusicology Ana Hofman1 The Institute of Cultural and Memory Studies Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Abstract The affective turn, which has already questioned dominant paradigms in many disciplinary fields including cultural studies, philosophy, political theory, anthropology, psychology and neuroscience, has started to attract more attention in the field of ethnomusicology, becoming a particularly vibrant stream of thought. Drawing on the voices that call for the historicisation of and critical deliberation on the field of affect studies, the article strives to show how theories of affect might expand dominant paradigms in ethnomusicology and also points to their limitations. Key words Affective turn, ethnomusicology, sonic affect, musical emotions, affect-emotion relationship “Everything that occurs without praiseworthy affects [in music] can be considered nothing, does nothing and means nothing” (Der vollkommene Capellmeister, Johann Mattheson, 1739). Music has often been taken as an example of the power of affect. Its ubiquitously distributive affective potential has become pivotal in the works of scholars advocating the affective turn.2 Spurred by the poststructuralist orientation towards language, representation, deconstruction and psychoanalysis, a perspective in which body, emotions and embodiment have been neglected (see Clough and Halley 2007), the affective turn shifted the focus to pre-, extra-, and paralinguistic aspects and introduced a non-discursive, non- representational approach (see Thrift 2007). Developed mainly in the 2000s and partly inspired by research on the emotions and the body conducted in feminist and queer studies, affect theory is currently attracting growing interest in a variety of disciplinary fields. -
Facial Expression and Emotion Paul Ekman
1992 Award Addresses Facial Expression and Emotion Paul Ekman Cross-cultural research on facial expression and the de- We found evidence of universality in spontaneous velopments of methods to measure facial expression are expressions and in expressions that were deliberately briefly summarized. What has been learned about emo- posed. We postulated display rules—culture-specific pre- tion from this work on the face is then elucidated. Four scriptions about who can show which emotions, to whom, questions about facial expression and emotion are dis- and when—to explain how cultural differences may con- cussed: What information does an expression typically ceal universal in expression, and in an experiment we convey? Can there be emotion without facial expression? showed how that could occur. Can there be a facial expression of emotion without emo- In the last five years, there have been a few challenges tion? How do individuals differ in their facial expressions to the evidence of universals, particularly from anthro- of emotion? pologists (see review by Lutz & White, 1986). There is. however, no quantitative data to support the claim that expressions are culture specific. The accounts are more In 1965 when I began to study facial expression,1 few- anecdotal, without control for the possibility of observer thought there was much to be learned. Goldstein {1981} bias and without evidence of interobserver reliability. pointed out that a number of famous psychologists—F. There have been recent challenges also from psychologists and G. Allport, Brunswik, Hull, Lindzey, Maslow, Os- (J. A. Russell, personal communication, June 1992) who good, Titchner—did only one facial study, which was not study how words are used to judge photographs of facial what earned them their reputations. -
Lecture 2: Theories of Emotion While We Wait Outline
Lecture 2: Theories of Emotion While we wait Outline . Review why emotion theory useful – Give some positive and negative examples . Introduce some features that distinguish different theories – Emotions as discrete or continuious – Emotions as “atoms” or “molecules” – Emotions as a consequence or antecedent of emotin . Review some specific influential theories . Break . In-class “experiment” . Evidence for and against dual-process models of emotion . Appraisal Theory . Review a mental health application of affective computing Why should we care about emotion theory? What is a Theory . Theory explains how some aspect of human behavior or performance is organized. It thus enables us to make predictions about that behavior. – Provides a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or predicts aspects of human behavior by specifying relations among variables. – Allows us to explain what we see and to figure out how to bring about change. – Is a tool that enables us to identify a problem and to plan a means for altering the situation. – Create a basis for future research. Researchers use theories to form hypotheses that can then be tested. – Creates a basis for building software: suggests what variables are important to measure and how they relate to each other Example of dangers of atheoretical approaches (e.g., Data Mining) . We’ll learn about machine learning approaches – Collect bunch of data – Look at lots of features and try to predict some outcome Input Predicted features output . Enables us to make predictions about that behavior . Does not typically allows us to explain what we see and to figure out how to bring about change . -
Dissertation Clarifying the Construct of Compassion
DISSERTATION CLARIFYING THE CONSTRUCT OF COMPASSION: ABILITY TO DOWNREGULATE EMOTION AS A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR BETWEEN EMPATHIC AROUSAL AND COMPASSION Submitted by Leslie A. Merriman Department of Psychology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2017 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Kathryn Rickard Chris Allen Ernest Chavez Caridad Souza Copyright by Leslie A. Merriman 2017 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT CLARIFYING THE CONSTRUCT OF COMPASSION: ABILITY TO DOWNREGULATE EMOTION AS A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR BETWEEN EMPATHIC AROUSAL AND COMPASSION The association between empathy and compassion was examined in a sample of Americans aged 35 to 86, using national survey and phone interview data, biological data, and neuropsychological data. Given the postulation that empathy is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for compassion to emerge, compassion is conceptualized here as an emergent process that is contingent upon empathic arousal. The degree to which an experience of empathic arousal translates into compassion is hypothesized to depend upon an individual's ability to downregulate the emotional response associated with empathic arousal, which is conceptualized as physiological upregulation in response to witnessing another's suffering. If this hypothesis is supported, then the ability to downregulate physiological processes associated with empathic arousal should mediate a positive association between the activation of empathic feelings and engagement with compassionate behavior. While empathic arousal was found to predict compassion, we were unable to infer that downregulation processes mediated the relationship. The results of this study present preliminary findings that may inform future work aiming to clarify the construct of compassion. -
Power Feels Before It Thinks: Affect Theory and Critical Animal Studies
Power Feels Before It Thinks Affect Theory and Critical Animal Studies in Religious Affects by Donovan O. Schaefer Eleonora Adorni Independent Researcher [email protected] Donovan O. Schaefer. 2015. Religious Affects: Animality, Evolution, and Power. Durham: Duke University Press Books. 304 pp. $ 24.95. ISBN 978-0-8223-5990-6. According to Aristotle, man is zóon logòn échon, the animal for whom lan- guage is the main etiological and constitutive element. From the Greek phi- losopher to our age, the primacy of language has affected all field of human knowledge, from philosophy to cognitive science, marking the border between what is rational – and therefore worthy of being studied – and what belongs to instinct, irrationality, primitivity. Donovan O. Schaefer wants to show the fallacy of this perspective, and opens his ambitious Religious Affects with a famous ethological anecdote: the famous “waterfall dance” recognized by primatologist Jane Goodall as the proof of religious beliefs also among non-human animals, typically considered devoid of language. The chimpanzees of Gombe (Tanzania) observed by the scholar since the sixties have shown a series of behaviors (rituals, responses to death, social interactions) very similar to those that in human terms are considered forms “religion”. “For ten minutes or more they may perform this magnifi- cent ‘dance’. Why? Is it not possible that the chimpanzees are responding to some feeling like awe? A feeling generated by the mystery of the water” (Goodall 1999, 189). Religious Affects starts from here to show that bodili- ness, and not language, is the common ground on which one should rethink religion: one should focus on the body as a prelinguistic element, which Michel Foucault already proved to be the vehicle of any power dynamic. -
The Intersection of Anger and Trauma
The Intersection of Anger and Trauma: Understanding and Implementing Therapeutic Approaches Osvaldo Cabral, MA, LPC, LAC Director of Integrated Services New Health Services Learning Objectives 1. Explore knowledge and understanding of Anger and Trauma 2. Review diagnostic symptoms of Trauma 3. Review diagnoses that have anger as a component 4. Explore therapeutic interventions to Trauma and Anger 5. Discuss “Therapist Traps” What Do We Know About ANGER? What is Anger? • Defense Mechanism • Survival Response • Several categories and styles: sudden, avoidant, masked, explosive, addictive, shame –based, moral, habitual • Gets needs met: has worked with at least one person! • Motivation to move from point A to point B • Impacts self regulation • Impacts thought process, attention, focus • Can create on-going problems in life… What’s Aggression What’s the difference from anger? When Anger Becomes Aggression • Creates on-going consequences • Internal: guilt, shame, embarrassment • External: violence, legal inclusion, loss of privileges • Social: losing friends, ostracized from groups/places Types of Behavior • Passive • Ignoring your feelings and wants and placing others feelings/wants first • Passive-Aggression • Passive directly in the conflict and aggressive indirectly • Assertive • Stating what you want and how you feel AND taking other people’s feelings and wants into consideration • Aggressive • Ignoring other people’s feelings and placing your feelings first WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT Trauma? What do We Know About Trauma? • Survival instinct