Biografi Över Karl XII Inledning
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Economic Violence Or the Law of War? Swedish Contributions From
KATARZYNA WAGNER University of Warsaw Faculty of History ORCID: 0000-0002-5454-6151 Economic violence or the law of war? Swedish contributions from the period of the Great Northern War as an example of extraordinary provisions imposed on the residents of the cities within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Keywords: contributions, taxes, Polish-Swedish wars, Great Northern War, Polish-Lithu- anian Commonwealth, 18th century Słowa kluczowe: kontrybucje, podatki, wojny polsko-szwedzkie, Wielka Wojna Północna, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, XVIII w. INTRODUCTION Słownik Języka Polskiego [Dictionary of the Polish Language] offers three defini- tions of the term ‘contribution’: ‘1. a pecuniary tribute imposed on the defeated state by the victorious state in the course of a peace treaty; 2. historically, during a war: forced payment in money or food collected by the military; 3. historically, a charge levied by a ruler on a country he had conquered; protection money, tribute, tax’1. While analysing modern tax sources, it turns out that—due to their specificity as well as to the time and manner of their collection—the definition proposed by the Dictio- nary, albeit true, is incomplete, and it is imperative to include additional components. The analysis of the definition proposed above will be possible thanks to regis- ters of Swedish contributions imposed by the occupier on specific cities. This paper aims to answer the question about the practice (and legitimacy) of Swedish troops imposing contributions on the inhabitants of cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Com- monwealth. Another issue will be to determine what place they occupied within the general system of contributions upon which the Swedish way of waging wars was based. -
Harvard Ukrainian Studies
HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume V Number 3 September 1981 : ‘: : : Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Copyright 1981, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved ISSN 0363-5570 Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Printed by the Harvard University Printing Office Typography by Brevis Press, Cheshire, Conn. CONTENTS ARTICLES Intolerance and Foreign Intervention in Early Eighteenth- Century Poland-Lithuania 283 L. R. LEWITFER The Political Reversals of Jurij Nemyry 306 JANUSZ TAZBIR The Staging of Plays at the Kiev Mohyla Academy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 320 PAULINA LEWIN DOCUMENTS Ukrainian Hetmans’ Universaly 1678-1727 at the Lilly Library of Indiana University 335 BOHDAN A. STRUMINSKY NOTES AND COMMENT A Note on the Relationship of the Byxovec Chronicle to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle 351 GEORGE A. PERFECKY The Origin of Taras Triasylo 354 GEORGE GAJECKY DISCUSSION Observations on the Problem of "Historical" and "Non- historical" Nations 358 IVAN L. RUDNYFSKY Some Further Observations on "Non-historical" Nations and "Incomplete" Literatures: A Reply 369 GEORGE 6. GRABOWICZ REVIEWS Bohdan S. Wynar, Doctoral Dissertations on Ukrainian Topics in English Prepared during the Years 1928-1978; Christine L. Gehrt Wynar, The Ukrainian American Index: The Ukrainian Weekly 1978 and 1979 Patricia Polansky 389 Leopold H. Haimson, ed., The Politics of Rural Russia: 1 905-1914 Bohdan Chomiak 390 Seppo Zetterberg, Die Liga der Fremdvölker Russlands, 1916-1918 Lawrence Wolff 393 Roy A. Medvedev, The October Revolution, trans. George Saunders R. C. Elwood 396 R. W. Davies, The Industrialization of Soviet Russia, vol. -
Combatting Psychiatric Patients' Catastrophic Reduction in Life Expectancy: User-Orientated Approaches
Peter Lehmann Combatting Psychiatric Patients' Catastrophic Reduction in Life Expectancy: User-orientated approaches Lecture to the 6th European Conference on Mental Health Berlin, October 6, 2017 www.peter-lehmann-publishing.com/berlin Reduced Life Expectancy “25 Years. Average number of years prematurely that people with serious mental illness die.” FEMHC – The Foundation for Excellence in Mental Health Care (2014). Just the Facts. Wilsonville, OR. www.mentalhealthexcellence.org/ “Research has shown that the life expectancy for people living with a serious mental health condition is, on average, 25 years shorter than the general population. Heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) are the most common causes of death among this population.” Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2012). The importance of total wellness. Choices in Recovery—Support and Information for Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, and Bipolar Disorder, 9(2), 12 www.peter-lehmann-publishing.com/berlin Reduced Life Expectancy “It has been known for several years that persons with serious mental illness die younger than the general population. However, recent evidence reveals that the rate of serious morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) in this population has accelerated. In fact, persons with serious mental illness (SMI) are now dying 25 years earlier than the general population.” Parks J. (October 2006). Foreword. In: J. Parks, D. Svendsen, P. Singer, & M.E. Foti (Eds.), Morbidity and mortality in people with serious mental -
Militärhistorisk Tidskrift 2011-2012
MILITÄRHISTORISK TIDSKRIFT 2011-2012 11111111 ILI I I ID IF 1 1 - 1 Redaktörer: Henrik Edgren, Fredrik Eriksson och Fredrik Thisner Militärhistorisk l1dskrift 2011-2012 Omslagsbild: Omslagsbilden föreställer iscensättandet av slaget vid Warszawa 1920 vid firandet av segern 1938. En polsk kavallerist överrumplar bolsjevik i pälsmössa på Pole Mokotowskie. Foto: Revue de Cavalerie 3 maj 1938 (I-P-2876-43) © Försvarshögskolan och respektive författare 2013 Mångfaldigandet av innehållet i denna bok är enligt lagen om upphovsrätt förbjudet utan medgivande av Försvarshögskolan. Bokens innehåll har granskats och godkänts av Militärvetenskapliga institutionens publikationsråd. Serieredaktör: Henrik Edgren, Fredrik Eriksson och Fredrik Thisner Grafisk form och teknisk redigering: Ulrika Sjöström Tryck: Elanders, Vällingby 2013 Första upplagan, första tryckningen, april 2013 ISSN 0283-8400 För mer information om Försvarshögskolans publikationer, kontakta oss på tele fonnummer 08-553 42 500 eller besök vår hemsida www.fhs.se/publikationer. Innehåll Förord 9 Fredrik Eriksson Det militärhistoriska 2012 11 Per Iko Militärhistoriens roll i USA- intryck från en vistelse vid Ohio State University 15 Gunnar Åselius Artiklar och uppsatser 21 Magnus Stenbock- myten, bilderna och mannen 23 BjörnAsker Krigets historiografiska funktion - framställningar av krig i svensk historieskrivning1747-1857 33 Hampus Östh Gustafsson Historia som värdegemenskap- finsk, estnisk och svensk historia i polska ögon under mellankrigstiden 69 Piotr Wrtwrzeniuk Rapport från det -
Acquisitions for the Reopened Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, 2011
Stockholm Supplement 2018.qxp_Layout 1 25/09/2018 14:35 Page 1 Acquisitions for the reopened Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, 2011–18 Stockholm Supplement 2018.qxp_Layout 1 25/09/2018 14:35 Page 2 Stockholm Supplement 2018.qxp_Layout 1 25/09/2018 14:35 Page 3 Acquisitions for the reopened Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, 2011–18 ork on the newly refurbished Nationalmuseum, was a clear educational and art-historical endeavour in the Museum’s Stockholm, which reopens to the public on 13th acquisitions policy, centred on notions of styles and periods, gradually this October, has built on three simultaneous and faded away in favour of a focus on aesthetic experience alone. The solitary parallel projects: renovation and remodelling of artistic genius was seen as supplying material for a dramatic narrative, Wthe building, a new display of the collection and against a backdrop built increasingly around individual masterpieces. new acquisitions. Alongside transforming the old building into a museum that is tter for purpose and more secure, Sleeper awakened by a young woman with a lit wick, or Il Fumacchio, considerable energy has gone into making the collections more accessible. by Nicolas Régnier. c.1622–25. Canvas, 101 by 133 cm. This has involved both showing well-known works from the collections Gift of the Friends of the Nationalmuseum, 2011. NM 7077. in a new way and rediscovering others that, for one reason or another, had fallen into obscurity. This scene of ribaldry was presumably invented by Régnier, a Franco-Flemish A review of the extensive holdings of the Nationalmuseum highlighted Caravaist. A courtesan plays a prank on a handsome young prodigal who has dozed a number of gaps. -
Historiska Epoker I Sverige Och Världen
Historiska epoker i Sverige och världen Apor och halvapor - primater - framträdde (ca 70 miljoner år sedan). Dinosaurierna dog ut (65 miljoner år sedan). Ramapithecus, varelse som kunde klättra i träd och leva på marken (10-14 miljoner år sedan). Människoapan Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) levde (3 miljoner år sedan). Homo habilis - den händiga människan, kunde använda redskap (2 miljoner år sedan). Homo erectus - den upprätta människan, kände till bruket av elden. Spred sig över jordklotet, från Afrika till Asien och Europa (1,3 miljoner - 300 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens neanderthalensis - neanderthalmänniskan, den vetande människan, hade förfinade verktyg och ritualer (100 000 - dog ut 30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens - den moderna människan, konkurrerade ut neanderthalmänniskan ? språk, bättre jaktmetoder (50 000 år sedan - nu). Äldre stenåldern (40 000 f Kr, i Sverige 11 000 f Kr - 4200 f Kr) "Jägarstenåldern" Venus från Willendorf (modergudinna, 20-30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens spreds över jordklotet. Amerika koloniserades av människor (28 000 f Kr). Naturmotiv i Lascaux-grottan i Frankrike (15 000 år f Kr). Världens äldsta stad, Jeriko i nuvarande Jordanien (8350 f Kr). Jordbruket uppstod i Mellanöstern (8000 f Kr). Isen började försvinna i Norden (8000 f Kr). Catal Hüyük i Mindre Asien (Turkiet) (6250 f Kr). I Skåne levde kanske 400 människor (6000 f Kr). Människor slog sig ned vid Nilen i Egypten som jordbrukare (5000 f Kr). Civilisation uppstod kring Gula floden (Huang-he) i Kina (5000 f Kr). Yngre stenåldern (i Sverige 4200 f Kr - 1800 f Kr) Jordbrukarstenåldern Människor kom till Mesopotamien (4000 f Kr). -
The Wealth of the Richest Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900 Bengtsson, Erik; Missiaia, Anna; Olsson, Mats; Svensson, Patrick
The Wealth of the Richest Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900 Bengtsson, Erik; Missiaia, Anna; Olsson, Mats; Svensson, Patrick Published: 2017-01-01 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bengtsson, E., Missiaia, A., Olsson, M., & Svensson, P. (2017). The Wealth of the Richest: Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900. (Lund Papers in Economic History: General Issues; No. 161). Lund: Department of Economic History, Lund University. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private LUND UNIVERSITY study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? PO Box 117 Take down policy 221 00 Lund If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove +46 46-222 00 00 access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Lund Papers in Economic History No. 161, 2017 General Issues The Wealth of the Richest: Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900 Erik Bengtsson, Anna Missiaia, Mats Olsson & Patrick Svensson DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, LUND UNIVERSITY Lund Papers in Economic History ISRN LUSADG-SAEH-P--17/161--SE+28 © The author(s), 2017 Orders of printed single back issues (no. -
Vad En Tavla Kan Berätta
Vad en tavla kan berätta För att förstå den roll Magnus Stenbock senare fick i historien, måste vi gå lite tillbaka i historien. Magnus Stenbocks pappa var generalguvernör för Skåne, Blekinge och Halland. Det betyder att hans huvuduppgift vara att styra och bevaka landskapen, inte minst från anfall från Danmark. Danskarna hade ju förlorat de här landskapen vid freden i Roskilde 1658. Nu ville de försöka återfå dem och de passade på när svenskarna var i ett osäkert och besvärligt läge. Så var det när den unge Karl XII, endast 15 år gammal, tillträdde som kung i Sverige. Du kanske minns att inte bara Danmark, utan också Ryssland och Polen, såg ett tillfälle att förklara Sverige krig då. Karl XII överrumplade emellertid danskarna norr om Köpenhamn med en stark och slagkraftig arme´ och danskarna ville ha fred innan det ens hunnit avlossas ett enda skott. Året var 1700 och den svenska armén kunde lämna Danmark och marschera vidare mot fienden Ryssland. Det är nu Magnus Stenbock träder in i den svenska historien. Han är överste för ett av regementena. Vid Narva vinner svenskarna en överlägsen seger och Magnus Stenbock utmärker sig under slaget som en duktig militär och organisatör. Karl XII förstår hans talang och utnämner honom till generalkrigs- kommissarie, den högsta administrativa befattning det gick att få i den karolinska armén på den här tiden. Stenbock blev dessutom omtyckt av kungen även privat. Han var en stor sällskapsmänniska och kungen ville ständigt ha honom i sin närhet. Stenbock kunde dessutom både sjunga och spela och han var mycket beläst. -
Caroline Years
CAROLINE YEARS revival t had been generally assumed that Stockholms Banco would continue 47 to exist after credit notes had been stopped. In 1666 Palmstruch was I still expected to run the Bank provided the interested parties, in accor - dance with Bonde’s proposal, contributed capital to cover the losses. How- ever, the co-participants rejected Palmstruch’s appeal for help and he was powerless on his own. At the end of October 1666, Jochum Pötter, the merchant who subse - quently presented the liquidation accounts, offered to take over the Bank provided he was granted three-quarters of its profit plus the Crown’s profit on the cannon trade and the revenue from the salt licence; a further condi - tion was that the Crown would channel all tax and tariff revenue through the Bank. A Council delegation headed by Gustaf Bonde was largely in favour but the full Council rejected the offer – the terms ‘were very harsh and altogether insufferable’. When Pötter presented a new offer in March 1667, matters had taken a different turn. Bonde had produced a thorough review of how the Bank should be organised. It copied Palmstruch’s The first three Estates re-establish 1689 Royal autocracy asserts its power over Stockholms Banco as the Bank of the Estates the Bank. of the Realm in 1668. In the era of autocracy, 1680s–’90s The Bank of His Majesty’s Es- the Crown has the last word. Injudicious tates. Cash receipts and approved interest rates lead to an imbalance between assignments are introduced. deposits and loans. The Bank is involved in 1697 Karl XI dies and is succeeded by financing the Great Northern War and this Karl XII. -
The Battle of Gadebusch 20 December 1712
AA FFIIRREE && FFUURRYY SSPPEECCIIAALL TTEESSTTDDRRIIVVEE SSCCEENNAARRIIOO The Battle of Gadebusch 20 December 1712 Scenario Design, Map & Layout – Colonel (Ret) Bill Gray Original Fire & Fury Design – Richard Hasenauer Map from William Blackwood & Sons, Swedish infantry by David Bonk, photo Colonel (Ret) Bill Gray L’Armee Francaise Vol II Battle of Gadebusch 20 December 1712 Gadebusch was the last big win for the a +1 melee DRM if attacked entirely uphill. Forests Swedes during the Great Northern War convey a -1/+1 DRM advantage to the defender for fire (1701 – 21). In this case Swedish and melee, towns a -2/+2 DRM. Cavalry is Disordered General Magnus Stenbock marched out attacking into forests or villages. Road movement may from Stralsund with around 14 - 16,000 be used on all roads depicted. troops and 30 or so guns to interecept a 20,000 man Danish-Saxon army under King Frederick IV before it Playing Time. The game begins at 11:00 am and ends could link up with their Russian allies. Stenbock caught with the 3:20 pm turn, a total of 12 turns. his foe near the small hamlets of Wakenstaedt and Gadebusch, laughing himself silly as the Danish King Deployment. Units set up per following map in Line. confirmed he was far better suited to the throne than Leaders deploy within 12 inches of any unit they saddle. Frederick initially deployed his men with his left command. Artillery may set up limbered or unlimbered flank anchored by a large stream garnished with a within 12 inches of a leader in their chain of command. -
The Manly Sacrifice: Martial Manliness and Patriotic Martyrdom in Nordic Propaganda During the Great Northern War’ Gender & History, Vol.25 No.1 April 2013, Pp
Gender & History ISSN 0953-5233 Andreas Marklund, ‘The Manly Sacrifice: Martial Manliness and Patriotic Martyrdom in Nordic Propaganda during the Great Northern War’ Gender & History, Vol.25 No.1 April 2013, pp. 150–169. The Manly Sacrifice: Martial Manliness and Patriotic Martyrdom in Nordic Propaganda during the Great Northern War Andreas Marklund The battle of Narva on 20 November 1700 stirred up an abundant flurry of Swedish war propaganda. The furious, blizzard-swept battle, in which the army of King Charles XII managed to defeat a numerically superior Russian adversary, was celebrated in a plethora of poems, war ballads and pictorial representations. Central and local author- ities throughout the Swedish empire organised processions and religious ceremonies to spread the word of the military victory to the King’s subjects.1 Yet the battle of Narva also took a heavy death toll, on both the Swedish and the Russian sides. A few weeks after the battle, the royal printer Salig Wankifs Enka in Stockholm published a written memorial for the fallen Swedish soldiers: Memorial in Honour of the Brave Swedish Killed and Wounded under His Royal Majesty’s own Venerated Command ....2 The publication was flowery and somewhat muddled. At its core was a list of Swedish casualties: 667 dead and 1,247 wounded. The private soldiers appeared as anonymous numbers, whereas officers were listed with their names and detailed descriptions of their wounds. Apart from the listed casualties, the publication was made up of bombastic lyrical passages celebrating the sacrifice of the fallen soldiers. Here was an explicit dimension of ars moriendi – guidance in the principles of the Good Death. -
Do You Accept the Challenge to Run As a Berzerker Through History?
Have you ever wondered what would happen if you experienced historic events throughout an obstacle course? Have you ever thought about running through a wall of Vikings, or a battle set in the year 1710 with Carolean’s aiming their muskets at you? You might even have wondered what it was like to partake in the assault of Omaha beach at Normandy in 1944? Berzerk is a different OCR race located in Helsingborg, in the south of Sweden. With its uniqueness to blend the city’s historical events into an obstacle course 23rd July. We are hell-bent to exceed the limits of an obstacle race and maximize the experience for our competitors and spectators. To unify our town’s history with challenges from powerful events and personalities born in Helsingborg. One such includes the Battle of Helsingborg 1710 when Magnus Stenbock defeated the Danish army and reclaimed the lost lands to the king. It was Denmark’s failed and final attempt to regain the Scanian lands. This time competitors will run through a bat- tlefield of smoke, mud and musket fire to embrace the harsh environment. At D-day Kurt Björklund one of many volunteers in the British army stormed the beach in Normandy to free Europe from the siege of the Axis. We have dedicated one Obstacle to this third world circumnavigator and our town’s preparedness fortification during WWII. That includes both water, bunker towers and water cannons. You will probably not know how it is to run through a shield wall, not know anything about running through a battlefield with mud, smoke and cannon-fire.