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Index Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations Abercrombie, L. Patrick 387, 387, 388, 389 Addison, Christopher 73, 76 on Berlin 34 Addison Act, 1919 73–75 Clyde Valley Plan 271–272 Adelaide, Australia 93–94, 132–133 and the garden city movement 112, 114, Adenauer, Konrad 192 115, 116 Adickes, Franz 125 on Geddes 152, 155, 163 Adshead, Stanley 221, 386–387 on Griffin’s plan for Canberra 225 advocacy planning 315–316, 398–399, London regional planning 147, 405–406, 410–411 189–190, 193–199, 194, 201, 259, 260, affordable housing 165, 366, 481–482 262, 264, 265, 366 Africa 218–223 Plymouth 256–257 Alduy, Paul 379 on suburbanization 85 Alexander, Christopher 9, 311–312 West Midlands plan 390 Altshuler, A. A. 397–398 see also Barlow Commission American Institute of Planners (formerly Abercrombie and Forshaw see County of American City Planning Institute) London Plan 387–388 Abrams, Charles 38, 181, 281, 304, 344 American Journal of Sociology 37 academic approachesCOPYRIGHTED to planning see American MATERIAL Magazine 37 planning theory anarchism 3, 9, 10, 151–164, 292–294, 301 Ackerman, Frederick 41 see also Kropotkin, Peter Adams, David 258 Anderson, Martin 281, 282 Adams, Thomas 101, 173–175, 176–178, Anson, Brian 317–318 180–181, 188, 190, 389 Anthony, Harry A. 242 Addams, Jane 42, 43, 43, 46–47, 154 architects 455 Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design Since 1880, Fourth Edition. Peter Hall. © 2014 Peter Hall. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 0002093130.INDD 608 3/19/2014 3:11:55 AM Index 609 Brasília competition 249 Back to the Land movement 96 Canberra competition 223 Baker, Herbert 213, 213–214, 214, 215, communist influences 255–256 216–217, 218, 219 Community Architecture Group Bakunin, Michael 158 323–324 Balderstone, Andrew (Edinburgh dislike of suburbs 82–83, 83–89 tenant) 271 failure of, at Pruitt–Igoe 287, 288 Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles 140 London County Council (LCC) Baltimore 316, 419–422, 421, 423 Architect’s Department 52, 53–54, Banfield, Edward C. 397, 512–513 56, 255, 266, 268, 269 Banham, Reyner 121, 312–313, 355 The London Society 189–190 Barcelona 468–469 Soviet urbanists 232–233, 244–245 Barker, Paul 312–313 see also Architectural Association Barlow Commission 88, 89, 119, 193 (AA); Congrès Internationaux Barnett, Dame Henrietta 109, 110, d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM); 110–111, 154 Modern Architecture Research group Barnett, Samuel 42, 95, 104 (MARS); Royal Institute of British Baron, Tom 441 Architects (RIBA); and individual barriadas 303, 304 see also favelas architects Bartholomew, Harland 347–348 Architectural Association (AA) 255, Bassett, Edward M. 60, 61, 62, 349 261–263, 269, 301 Bath 273 Architectural Renewal Committee of Batley, Richard 429 Harlem (ARCH) 315–316 Batty, Michael 388, 390 Architectural Review 263 Bauer, Catherine 41, 179, 180, 181–182, Artisans’ and Labourers’ Dwellings Act, 182, 187, 276, 277 1868 (Torrens Act) 23 Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART), Artisans’ and Labourers’ Dwellings San Francisco 378–379, 382, 383 Improvement Act, 1875 (Cross Becontree, Essex 70, 76, 77, 116 Act) 23 Bedford Park, London 352 Ashfield, Albert Stanley, first baron 66–67, 67 Beevers, Robert 96 Asian Development Bank 454 Bellamy, Edward 95–96 Assemblé de Constructeurs pour une Bennett, Edward H. 211–212 Rénovation Architecturale Benoît-Lévy, Georges 122 (ASCORAL) 245 Berger, Bennett 360 Astor, Waldorf, second Viscount Astor Berkeley 311–312 see also Castells, 254, 256–257 Manuel; Kent, T. J., Jr.; Webber, Atkinson, Rowland 459 Melvin M. Atterbury, Grosvenor 134 Berkshire 441 Attlee, Clement 145, 147 Berlin 32, 33, 34–36, 127–128, 129–132, Augur, Tracy 142, 185, 186, 187 212, 229–232, 231, 333 Australia 93–94, 132–133, 223–227 Bethnal Green, London 14, 31 automobiles see traffic planning and Betjeman, John 49, 83–84 management Bettman, Alfred 62, 349 autonomous housing 299, 300–301, Beveridge, William 197 305–308, 310–314, 366 Bevin, Ernest 145 AVUS (Automobil-Verkehrs- und Bexley, London 82 Übungsstrasse), Berlin 332, 333 Bing, Alexander 165, 173 0002093130.INDD 609 3/19/2014 3:11:55 AM 610 Index Birch, Eugenie 148 Bucharest 235–236 Birmingham, UK 36, 57, 258 Buckingham, James Silk 94, 95 Bitter Cry of Outcast London, The building societies 78, 350 13–18, 28 Bullock, N. 265 black Americans 495–519 Bunker, Raymond 93 black British 521–524 Burgess, E. W. 489 Blair, Tony 201 Burnham, Daniel H. 203–211, 204, 212 Blair government (New Labour) 458, Burnham Plan (Chicago Plan) 204, 205, 525–527 207–211 Bluestone, Barry 416 Burns, John 18, 46, 55–56, 57 Boer War (South African War) 34–35 buses 470, 470–471 Bofill, Ricardo 321 Butler, R. A. 197 Bogotá 308 Byker Wall, Newcastle 312 Bolan, Richard 398, 399 By-Pass Variegated planning 81, 81–82, 84 Booker T. Washington Park, Chattanooga 188 Cadbury, George 57, 101 Booth, Charles 28–29, 29, 51, 63, 94–95 California 60, 139, 382, 383, 384, 464, Booth, William 95 480–481 see also Los Angeles; San Booth survey 28–32 Francisco Boston, Massachusetts 281, 316, 351, Calthorpe, Peter 464, 465 419–422, 421, 423, 438 Campbell, Kenneth 272 bottom-up planning 309–310, 398–399, Canary Wharf, London 431, 431–434, 435 428, 475–476, 478 Canberra 223–227, 225 Boundary Street estate, Shoreditch 54 Carpenter, Edward 104 Brabazon, Reginald, twelfth Earl of cars see traffic planning and management Meath 29–30, 191 Cassidy, Michael 432 Branford, Victor 160 Castells, Manuel 289, 401, 402, 444–445 Brasília 249–252, 252, 253 Castlefield, Manchester 436–437 Brayshay, Mark 256–257 Cataneo, Pietro 94 Brazil 148, 249–252, 252, 253, 469–472, Cavalcanti, Maria 236 470 Cayton, Horace 504 Breheny, Michael 465 Ceauşescu, Nicolae 235–236 Brett, Lionel, fourth Viscount Esher 272, Celebration, Florida 148 318 Cervero, Robert 383 Bristol 460 Chamberlain, Joseph 19 Britain and the Beast 85 Chamberlain, Neville 75, 76, 88, 119, 191 British Raj 212–217, 213, 218, 223, Chandigarh, India 246–249, 247 295–300 Charles, Prince of Wales 323–324, 466 Britz, Berlin 129, 131 Chase, Stuart 168–169 Broadacre City 9, 310, 342–346, 343 Chatham Village, Pittsburgh 140 Broadwater Farm, London 522–524, 523 Chattanooga, Tennessee 188 Brockway, Fenner 222 Chicago Brodie, John 216 black population 495–496, 500, Bromme, Max 126 504–507 Brown, Denise Scott 355 Chicago Plan 204, 205, 207–211, 209 Brundtland Report 462–463 Ebenezer Howard in 92, 93 Buchanan, Colin 381 Hull House 43–47, 493 0002093130.INDD 610 3/19/2014 3:11:55 AM Index 611 immigrant underclass 43–47, 44, 45, conurbation 161, 162 487–494, 488, 491 Cooke, Philip 404 Charles Tyson Yerkes in 64 Cooley, Charles H. 133–134 Chicago Housing Authority 397, 506 Corbusian architecture Chicago Plan 204, 205, 207–211 America 276–282, 284–289, 290 China 308–310, 451–454 Brasília 249–252, 252, 253 Chirac, Jacques 321 Britain 253–275, 290 Churchill, Winston 259 criticism of 272, 282–283 CIAM see Congrès Internationaux Corbusier see Le Corbusier d’Architecture Moderne Costa, Lúcio 249 Cincinatti, Ohio 62 costs of housing 50, 54, 80, 363 City Beautiful movement cottage homes 74 America 41–42, 46–47, 203–212 Cottage Plans and Common Sense British Raj 212–223 (Unwin) 104–105 British urban renaissance 462 council estates see public housing Canberra 223–227 countryside, people’s claim to 85–87 Europe 227–236 County of London Plan 118, 194–195, city planning, meaning of phrase 5–6 255, 259, 262, 264 Clapson, Mark 147 Covent Garden, London 270, 317–318 Clark, Colin 416 Coventry 138, 257–258 Clawson, Marion 361–362, 363 Creese, Walter L. 187–188, 466 Cleveland, Ohio 206, 328 crime 16–17, 25–26, 457, 486–487, Cold War 255–256, 394 490–492, 493, 497, 503, 505, 507, 510, Coleman, Alice 520 520, 527 see also riots; violence Colonel Light Gardens, Adelaide 93–94, Croly, Herbert 211 132–133 Cross Act, 1875 23 Colonial Development and Welfare Act, Crossman, Richard 267, 273, 274 1940 222 Crow, Austin 193 Commission on Congestion of Population Culpin, Ewart G. 114 (USA) 60 culs-de-sac 56, 72, 138 Commission on Heights of Buildings Cumbernauld, Scotland 138 (USA) 61, 348–349 Curitiba, Brazil 148, 469–472, 470 communicative planning theory 411 communism 255–256 Dalton, Hugh 256 community architecture (community Darley, Gillian 79 design) 9, 315–316, 321–324 Daseking, Wulf 473–475, 474, 476 Community Development Agencies Davidson, Thomas 93 (CDA) 314–315 Davis, William M. 171 Community Development Projects Davoudi, Simin 463 (CDP) 417–418 Day, Sir John Charles F. S. 26 computer methodology 394–395 Dear, M. S. 402–403 Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture de Carlo, Giancarlo 301 Moderne (CIAM) 125, 128, 246, 250, de Gaulle, Charles 377 253, 254–255 Delafons, John 200, 274 conservation 273–274 Delano, Frederic 178, 183, 347–348 Consortium Developments Ltd (CDL) Delhi 215 see also New Delhi 441–442 Delouvrier, Paul 377–380 0002093130.INDD 611 3/19/2014 3:11:55 AM 612 Index Denby, Elizabeth 265 Euclid v. Ambler 62, 349 Deng Xiaoping 452, 453–454 eugenics 29–30 Depression, the Great 139, 180, 347, 350, 505 Fabian Society (Fabianism) 25, 30–31, deurbanists 341–342 93, 95, 104 digitalization 446–448 Fainstein, Susan 434–435 Docklands, London 425–435, Faire, Lucy 257 427, 456 Faith in the City 524–525 Docklands Light Railway (DLR) 430 Falk, Nicholas 428 Dougill, Wesley 195 Faludi, A. 400 Dowall, David 383 Farley, Reynolds 515–517 Downham, southeast London 76 Farsta, Stockholm 369–371, 370 Downs, A. 397 fascism 227–228 Drake, St Clair 504 favelas 307 see also barriadas Dreiser, Theodore 64 fear of insurrection 24–28, 73, drugs trade, illegal 520 124–125, 204 Duany, Andrés 464, 466 Feder, Gottfried 229 Dublin 189 Federal Highway Act, 1944 348 Du Bois, W.