A Deposit of Late Helladic Iiib1 Pottery Fromtsoungiza

Home , Alabastron, Askos (pottery vessel), Hydria, Jug, Pithos, Rhyton

HESPERIA 74 (2005) A DEPOSIT OF LATE Pages 45I~573 HELLADIC IIIB1 POTTERY FROMTSOUNGIZA

ABSTRACT

a This article presents the pottery and figurines recovered from Mycenaean rubbish pit excavated by the Nemea Valley Archaeological Project atTsoungiza in 1984-1985. The deposit appears to preserve a complete range of vessels used for and other household personal consumption, serving, cooking, storage, activities, with nearly all diagnostic sherds dating to Late Helladic IIIB1. Analysis of this material suggests that, despite variations in the frequencies of some closed vessels and the residents of this small com kraters, Mycenaean had access to the same of ceramics in use at the centers. munity range palace The production and distribution of much Mycenaean pottery therefore may not have been controlled directly by the palaces.

seasons Excavations atTsoungiza during the 1984 and 1985 recovered the a a contents of large rubbish pit (pit 1) next to partially preserved house in near area excavation unit 2 (EU 2), located the southeastern edge of the investigated by the Nemea Valley Archaeological Project (Figs. 1, 2).1 was A large quantity of domestic refuse recovered from this pit, including

1. a am to the has The Tsoungiza excavations, part 1992). I extremely grateful James me; present manuscript me benefited from his meticulous criti of the Nemea Valley Archaeological Wright for entrusting with the were cism. I also thank Project (NVAP), sponsored by material for publication and for all his John Cherry, over s Bryn Mawr College under the auspices help the years. I thank NVAP Mary Dabney, JackDavis, Elizabeth of the American School of Classical conservators, Helen Alden, Alexandra French, Sara Immerwahr, Stephen at G Ken Studies Athens and the Greek Trone, and John Maseman, for cleaning Miller, Penelope Mountjoy, a amount neth and Shelmerdine Ministry of Culture and Sciences. and mending huge of pottery. Sams, Cynthia was for their advice and Funding for the project provided I also thank the long-suffering Julia encouragement. the National Endowment for the most Three readers for Hes by Pfaff and Lyla Pinch for drawing anonymous made numerous valuable Humanities, the Institute for Aegean of the pieces illustrated here. Pfaff peria sug and corrections as well. A Prehistory, the National Geographic inked all figures except Fig. 3, which gestions was debt is owed to Society, and private donors. A grant inked by the author. special Panayiotis I am to Schoinochoritis and his for from the 1984 Foundation helped with immensely indebted Jeremy family me on as an their house in living and travel expenses connected Rutter, who willingly took generously opening at Ancient Nemea to me for with the research. The material pre apprentice Tsoungiza during 1985 lengthy in an earlier some vast research. sented here appeared form 1987 and imparted of his stays during my to in my doctoral dissertation (Thomas knowledge of Bronze Age ceramics

? The American School of Classical Studies at Athens

American School of Classical Studies at Athens is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to Hesperia ® www.jstor.org UCBexcavations

NVAP excavations

"Of 1926/27 excavations approximate locations + -!" -! "I" "I" -J-63K) 6310-j20630 20640 20650 20660 20670 20680 20690 20700 20710 +20730 20740-I- 20790 20760-I- 20770-I" 20780 20790-!- 20800-i- 208K) 20830+ 20840 20890 20860 20870 20880 A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 453

1 more Figure (opposite). Tsoungiza, gen animal bones, chipped and ground stone tools, and than 20,000 eral site W. and E. Pfaff plan. Payne J. potsherds. The ceramic contents of the pit date to the early part of Late Helladic (LH) IIIBI, around the end of the 14th century B.c., and are of no or remarkable chronological homogeneity, with later contamination to apparent disturbance. In contrast many other published large deposits none was of Mycenaean pottery, of the material culled before analysis, and the whole body of ceramics has been stored in the Nemea Museum for future study. an The ceramics from EU 2 pit 1 preserve excellent record of the types a and frequencies of vessels used in small Mycenaean settlement of this time. The contents of the deposit show clearly that the inhabitants of this same sorts non-elite site employed the of small open and cooking vessels as intended for eating, drinking, and food preparation those used at elite as sites such Mycenae. Quantitative analyses reveal small but significant some differences, however, between the frequencies of pottery types ob served inTsoungiza pit 1 and those from palatial contexts. More specifi were cally, decorated closed vessels and kraters somewhat less abundant in the Tsoungiza rubbish pit than in select deposits atMycenae, presumably reflecting varying patterns in the consumption and display of goods at elite and non-elite sites.

Given the high degree of social stratification often posited forMyce naean Greece, in other respects, the generally small differences in the types are and relative quantities of specific ceramic forms striking. For example, the residents of Tsoungiza used kylikes (presumably for wine consumption) to in numbers reasonably comparable those used at palatial sites.Moreover, no or seems within the sample of decorated pottery, motif group of motifs to mark a difference between the vessels used at elite centers and those or as from villages hamlets such Tsoungiza and Korakou. This finding a invites consideration of how group of highly visible and frequently used artifacts may bind rather than differentiate communities at the center and a periphery of polity. The intensive study of the Tsoungiza pit 1 deposit presented here is reasons. important for several First, the chronological consistency of the a material permits the detailed characterization of LH IIIBI assemblage, supplementing and correcting previous stylistic and chronological obser vations about this period. Second, the quantification of the pottery from to a this large deposit may contribute better understanding of the ceramic a ecology of smaller Mycenaean settlement, in terms of patterns of ceramic over a one acquisition, usage, and discard period of approximately genera a on tion. Finally, the ceramics from this deposit have direct bearing prob lems of Mycenaean social and economic organization. These include not only the issue of ceramic consumption patterns noted above, but also the was question of how pottery production organized inMycenaean polities. The broad similarities observed between assemblages at elite and non-elite sites might have resulted less from the close control, standardization, and a distribution of pots by palace-dominated workshops than from response to consumer by producers general demand for vessels similar to those used at the palaces. 454 PATRICK M. THOMAS

THE CONTEXT OF THE POTTERY FROM PIT 1

a Pit 1 is adjacent to house occupied in LHIIIA2/IIIB (Fig. 2). Associated are with this structure walls 10,11,12,13,17, and 24; the smaller partition a walls 19,20, 21, and 22, which form small compartment butted against to wall 10, also belong this house. The line of wall 12, running partially under the scarp, can be followed for a considerable distance to the southwest, was or although much of the foundation eroded damaged by modern plow was ing. The earth floor associated with this structure extremely difficult to trace, particularly in the western portion of the trench, but it is evident that wall 6 lay at least several centimeters beneath this floor and was not part of the LH IIIA2/IIIB1 house.2 The connection of these eastern LH IIIA2/IIIB walls with the other western sec walls exposed in the section of EU 2 is far from certain. A large as as was tion of wall 10, possibly running far to the west wall 2, robbed out some at point. It is clear from LH IIB debris running up to wall 3, but not was under it, that this wall belonged to the earlier structure and reused in the later structure. Wall 4, which definitely belonged to the LH IIIA2/IIIB a phase, forms right angle with wall 3, but does not bond with it.This may also have been the case with wall 2, but its articulation with wall 3 is not was preserved. Little precisely datable material recovered from the preserved a sections of the occupation floor, but few plain vessels and large fragments were of painted ones, mostly kylikes, recovered from the floor adjacent to walls 10, 11, and 13 and from the area of the doorway between walls 11 are a and 13.3 The rim profiles consistent with date of LH IIIA2/IIIB1. was Pit 1 located to the north of walls 2 and 3. It followed the sloping contour of the hill, as can be seen from the schematic section illustrated in was Figure 3, and in relation to this contour, it comparatively shallow. A hollow seems to have been cut into the slope of the hill to contain some ran of the fill, but the pit fill also directly up against walls 2 and 3. The pit, as a therefore, is perhaps best viewed dump. It cannot be proved that pit 1 was directly connected with the occupation of the adjacent house, but this is on likely, based the date of the material in both contexts. At least two other similar shallow refuse pits of comparable date were discovered in EU 8, located southwest of EU 2.4 It appears that such pits were a common feature nor of the LH IIIB settlement at Tsoungiza. Since neither pit 1 the pits are as or in EU 8 likely to have served terrace foundation fill, it is difficult to as regard them anything other than refuse dumps. are uncer Although the contents of pit 1 clearly domestic refuse, it is was over a or tain whether the pit filled gradually period of many years dug as a a amount repository into which large of refuse accumulated in other areas was once. deposited all at Because of its comparative shallowness, the was not to pit not sectioned during excavation, and it is easy determine

to a in see et 2.Wall 6 probably belongs ceramics this area, Wright al. structure of LH IIB a 15. date; deposit 1990, p. 622, fig. with it will be were of pottery associated 4. The pits in EU 8 partially B. one to LH published by J. Rutter. excavated; belonged IIIB1, a 3. For distribution plot of the the other to LH IIIB2. 20720;..;. .20721.; :...20722 ;.;.-. 20723 .-.;. 20724#.v;:.20725 .;./.;..#20726;.;.v20727. ..^20728;.;/..20729 ^:rm "v--?*?

20710. ... -20711. ... . 20712. .:. .20713 ... .. 20714 .-..20715 6421 369.61

' ' ' ' ' "' ' 20709 :207K) . '.' 20711 ': '.:"20712 '.' 20713 : :' 20714 : '.20715 V: 20716V/'V 20717

2. Excavation unit state E. Pfaff Figure 2, plan, 1986. J. 456 PATRICK M. THOMAS

370

:369

1368

3. Schematic section Figure along whether its contents were stratified. The excavation notebooks, however, E20713 showing stratigraphie units. are P.M.Thomas emphatic in noting the homogeneity and jumbled nature of the pit fill, and no evidence of any visible stratification ismentioned. wear on The variable exhibited by the sherds may offer further insight not worn this problem. Many, if most, of the sherds had surfaces, prob to ably resulting from exposure weathering. Dirt encrustation, sometimes was on a obscuring painted decoration, observed many sherds. In number same of instances, sherds belonging to the pot exhibited distinctly different one a was worn. wear, with sherd being completely fresh, while joining piece wear In general, the and weathering of surfaces suggest that the deposit over a as a accumulated period of years and not the result of single event. a It may also be relevant to general characterization of the depositional to note traces occur and postdepositional environment that of burning on as most commonly the cooking wares, might be expected in the course a of normal use, while only small proportion of the fine and coarse wares exhibit them. was over Pit 1 excavated two seasons. Stratigraphie units (SUs) 201 and 226 represent the surface collection. SUs 202,203,205-208, and 227 were constitute the plow zone. The pit contents recovered in SUs 209,211, on and 228.5 This study focuses the well-defined contents of pit 1 from the latter three SUs. Since very few joins could be made between mate zone rial from the plow and the sherds from SUs 209, 211, and 228, the zone material from the surface collection and plow will not be considered zone here in any detail. Not surprisingly, the sherds from the plow tended to be severely weathered and of smaller size and weight than those from was the pit deposit. The average weight of sherds from the pit just under zone was 14 g each, while the average weight of sherds from the plow ap zone a proximately half of that value. The SUs from the plow contained 5. For a of the Tsoun substantial admixture of earlier material (mostly EH II) that had washed description see et giza recording system, Wright down from the top of the hill. No pieces obviously later than LH IIIB1, al. 1990, 621-622. Note that all of were or pp. however, identified either in the surface collection in the sherds 1 was the material from pit dry-sieved from the zone. The contents of 1 can therefore be treated a plow pit fairly using mesh of 5-7 mm, ensuring that as a closed find group. even small sherds were recovered. DEPOSIT LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY A OF 457

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEPOSIT AND ITS PRESENTATION

over was A total of 20,734 sherds weighing just 286 kg recovered from pit 1 was (Table 1). Of the 17,856 pieces remaining after mending, I able to no identify sherd later than LH IIIBI and only 107 sherds earlier than LH IIIA2. Positively identifiable earlier material thus makes up only a 0.6% of the entire deposit. It is likely, of course, that number of smaller features (rims, handles, bases, and other diagnostic parts) and body were as sherds belonging to earlier vessels mistakenly identified LH IIIB in date, but it is difficult to imagine that such misidentifications could increase the total of significantly earlier material much above 1% of the entire deposit. The pottery was sorted into seven fractions. Painted sherds were as or characterized patterned, linear (having only horizontal lines bands), or traces solidly painted, unidentifiable (sherds bearing only of paint). The was as or coarse unpainted pottery characterized fine, medium-coarse, based upon the size of the tempering inclusions. The term fine refers to no to fabrics with inclusions larger than 2 mm, medium-coarse fabrics with inclusions no larger than 4 mm, and coarse to fabrics with inclusions mm. larger than 4 are Counts and weights for the various fractions before mending oc shown inTable 1.The greatest variability between counts and weights coarse curs in the unpainted fraction, which constitutes only about 6% of the entire deposit in terms of count but nearly 30% of the weight. Sherds as in this fraction tend to be from large vessels such pithoi and vats, with much thicker walls than those of the unpainted fine and cooking wares; they also tend to break into larger pieces. In general, however, sherd counts as and weights expressed percentages of the painted fraction and the whole are deposit fairly comparable, suggesting that the laborious procedure of weighing each fraction individually may be of limited utility. Table 2 provides comparative statistics for the percentages (by count) versus of painted unpainted pottery, and subsets of the painted fraction some for published LH IIIB deposits from the Argolid, the Corinthia, and Nichoria inMessenia.6 Because undecorated sherds were culled from so was many published deposits before the material studied in detail, few are completely comparable statistics available from other sites. Nevertheless, on based the deposits summarized inTable 2, it appears that painted pottery 6. The Mycenae Prehistoric Cem no more a usually forms than 20% of typical Mycenaean pottery deposit, and etery (central) (French 1966) deposit the 1 is consistent in this Like the LH IIIB must Tsoungiza pit deposit regard. be treated with particular caution. from Korakou and it has a Although culling may have distorted deposits Nichoria, however, considerably higher ratio of to closed in to the from the percentages, the overwhelming painted open shapes comparison deposits dominance of the and seem patterned kylix Mycenae, which relatively rich in painted jugs, small stirrup jars, the small stirrup jar, together constitut so and piriform jars.Why this should be is unclear, but itmay be that resi 80% of the ing painted pottery, suggests dents of and similar small sites had less access to need that some Tsoungiza (or for) activity employing those par area such ticular types took place in the and products. The of sherds in the fraction from is reflected in the deposit (cf.Wardle percentage patterned painted ca. 1973, p. 305). Tsoungiza pit 1 is 24%, comparable to the range of 20-25% observed oo

TABLE 1. COUNTS, WEIGHTS, AND PERCENTAGES OF POTTERY FROM PIT 1 (BEFORE MENDING)

% ofPainted % ofEntire % ofPainted % ofEntire andUnpainted Deposit and Unpainted Deposit Weight False (count) (count) (weight) (weight) Count (kg) Rim Handle Base Leg Spout Stem Neck Body

Painted

Patterned 25.4 4.3 29.8 4.5 885 12.810 196 283 6 2 18 4 376 Linear 44.2 7.4 39.8 6.0 1,542 17.100 269 9 235 7 28 4 990 ? Solidly Painted 16.8 2.8 22.2 3.3 587 9.515 83 66 74 364 Unidentifiable 13.6 2.3 8.2 1.2 473 3.515 71 39 41 1 1 1 319 Subtotal 100.0 16.8 100.0 15.0 3,487 42.940 619 397 356 10 47 9 2,049

Unpainted Fine57.1 47.5 28.1 23.9 9,841 68.385 1,098 455 768 271 7,244 Medium-coarse 35.9 29.8 37.231.6 6,184 90.365 301 339 220 67 10 5,247 Coarse7.1 5.9 34.729.5 1,222 84.405 81 58 49 9 1 1,023 Subtotal 100.0 83.2 100.0 85.0 17,247 243.155 1,480 852 1,037 76 6 281 13,514

Total 100.0 100.0 20,734 286.095 2,099 1,249 1,393 76 16 328 10 15,563 A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 459

TABLE 2. COMPARISON OF SELECTED LH IIIB DEPOSITS

Patterned Linear Painted Painted vs. Painted vs. Solidly Unidentifiable Open Site/Sample (%) (%)(%) (%) Closed Shapes (%) Unpainted (%)

Tsoungiza, EU 2 Total 24.0 Total 48.3 Total 18.5 Total 9.2 N 18.8 14.5 7.2 75.5 Painted 14.8 (painted) 2,626 Open Open 35.0 Open Open Open N 4.0 2.1 24.5 85.2 (unpainted) 15,123 Closed 5.2 Closed 13.3 Closed Closed Closed Unpainted

Mycenae, Prehistoric Total 82.2 Total 16.2 Total 1.6 7.3 Cemetery, central Open 53.7 Open Open 1.5 N/A Open 62.5 N/A N (painted) 1,871 Closed 28.5 Closed 8.9 Closed 0.1 Closed 37.5

room 9.8 Mycenae, 3 Total 20.5 Total 69.7 Total N (painted) 878 Open 17.3 Open 23.1 Open 8.5 N/A Open 48.9 Painted 11.1 N (unpainted) ca. 7,000 Closed 3.2 Closed 46.6 Closed 1.3 Closed 51.1 Unpainted 88.9

room Mycenae, 22 Total 25.6 Total 53.5 Total 20.9 N 20.3 23.5 13.5 57.3 (painted) 1,240 Open Open Open N/A Open Painted 15.4 N (unpainted) 6,830 Closed 5.3 Closed 30.0 Closed 7.4 Closed 42.7 Unpainted 84.6

74.1 4.8 Mycenae, Causeway Total 21.1 Total Total 4.4 54.9 N (painted) 825 Open 17.5 Open 33.0 Open N/A Open Painted 18.6 A (unpainted) 3,604 Closed 3.6 Closed 41.1 Closed 0.4 Closed 45.1 Unpainted 81.4

Korakou, Total 21.8 Total 46.9 Total 31.3 East Alley I-IV Open 20.2 Open 34.7 Open N/A N/A Open 79.8 N/A A (painted) 729* Closed 1.6 Closed 12.2 Closed N/A Closed 20.2

Nichoria, trench L23, top Total 37.7 Total 24.6 Total 37.7 A (painted) 77 Open N/A Open N/A Open N/A N/A Open 92.2 Painted 34.1 A (unpainted) 149 Closed N/A Closed N/A Closed N/A Closed 7.8 Unpainted 65.9

are of total N/A = not or not to Percentages the number of painted sherds; available able be calculated. For were extraction of In Tsoungiza, these figures calculated after mending and earlier sherds. conformity with the in the were Tsoungiza calculations, characteristic handles Mycenae data counted with the patterned. The "unidentifiable" category for traces of not to Tsoungiza includes those sherds that had paint, but could be definitely assigned the three main categories of or rims and bases to in the are patterned, linear, solidly painted. Unpatterned assigned particular shapes Mycenae tables assumed to as have been linear unless explicitly identified solidly painted. were calculated sources: EU2 Percentages using the following Tsoungiza, (LH IIIBI): Thomas 1992, pp. 520-525, figs. 21-27 (all sherds kept);Mycenae, Prehistoric Cemetery, central(LH IIIBI): French 1966, pp. 217, 235 (all unpainted and most are to some were linear sherds said have been discarded; the small percentage of solidly painted sherds suggests that of these discarded as Citadel room 3 Wardle 279 sherds a well); Mycenae, House, (LH IIIBI): 1969, p. (painted kept; unpainted given pre a room liminary analysis, but many discarded before final study could be made); Mycenae, South House, 22 (LH IIIBI): Mountjoy 1976, p. 110 (all sherds kept);Mycenae, Causeway (LH IIIB2):Wardle 1973, p. 320 (painted sherds kept; unpainted given a but discarded before a final could be East preliminary analysis, many study made); Korakou, Alley I-IV(LYi IIIBI): Rutter 1974, 27 sherds were other classes have been pp. 102-103, fig. (coarse body discarded; may partially discarded); Nichoria, trench L23, top (LH IIIB2): Shelmerdine 1992, p. 510, table 9-6. *In the Korakou East Alley deposit, the number of patterned and linear sherds assigned to LH IIIBI is 501; solidly painted sherds in the were not present preserved collection total 228. Because the solidly painted sherds divided into closed and open the of vs. is on shapes, percentage open closed shapes based only the patterned and linear sherds. 460 PATRICK M. THOMAS at as Mycenae (except for the Prehistoric Cemetery) and Korakou, shown seen inTable 2. Because of different counting procedures, the percentages are more in the other Table 2 categories somewhat variable, but it appears that the Tsoungiza values of 48.3% linear and 18.5% solidly painted sherds are consistent with the ranges of roughly 50-75% linear sherds and 5-20% seen solidly painted sherds in the Citadel House (room 3), South House (room 22), and Causeway deposits atMycenae. The following sections of this article present the various shapes found or within the pit 1 deposit, their relative frequencies, and typical unusual decoration for each shape. The order of presentation generally follows Furumark's shape numbers, although the kraters have been placed with open vessels. Tables 3 and 4 present the frequencies of Furumark's motif categories for painted open and closed vessels, respectively. Tables 5-7 docu ment the frequencies of different shapes in the sample of unpainted vessels. The tables for the painted pottery generally follow the format established by French, Wardle, and Mountjoy for deposits from Mycenae. Numbers as in brackets in Tables 3 and 4 indicate motifs used patterns subsidiary a one to main motif. The creation of such tables occasionally forces to be more definite than the evidence warrants; in order to avoid double-counting a to on a piece, it is necessary settle single main motif for tabulation. Alter some native possibilities for pieces may be given in the discussion, but they could not be incorporated into the tables. The catalogue for the deposit is an as an presented in abbreviated tabular format appendix. Nearly all of are the catalogued items illustrated in Figures 4-36.7

PAINTED VESSELS

Table 1 shows that painted pottery constitutes 15% of the deposit by weight and about 17% by sherd count. Although the counts suggest that most of the painted pottery belongs to the so-called linear class, it is important to note that many of the rims and bases preserving only linear decoration to certainly belonged patterned deep bowls, stemmed bowls, kylikes, and other vessels with patterned decoration. The only vessels in this deposit are a that regularly have only linear decoration jugs, amphoras, and few ves other closed shapes. Tables 3 and 4, documenting the association of are a sel shapes, motifs, and decorative styles, presented first, followed by detailed discussion of vessel forms.

7. The illustrations are shown at 1:3 belly (i.e., the side of the handle facing follow the is the handle in the (pottery) and 1:2 (figurines) and vase) facing common Rim or conventions. diameters drawing. Missing body handle parts the draw can be restored are indicated may be scaled directly from that safely half of the Restored of ings for pieces preserving with dashed lines. portions or more those have are shown in hollow rim and for that painted decoration been reflected from the centerline of outline. Interior paint is indicated by rim linear or the drawing. Unreflected profiles shading. Purely solidly painted have the rim diameter in centimeters decoration on unreflected sherds is above the stance line. Handle cross indicated within a narrow box beside sections are oriented so that the handle the axis line. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 461

1 10 5 0 10cm

Figure 4. Piriform jars 1-3 (cat. and nos. 5,6,11), 4-6 (cat. nos. 7,8,12), Larnax, Closed Vessels, Miniature Forms nos. 7-10 (cat. 13,9,10,308) Larnax FS 1 are Six sherds from the same large larnax (1, see Fig. 23:1, p. 504, below) coarse present in this deposit. Although tubs and larnakes of plain fabric are relatively common inMycenaean domestic deposits, patterned examples as a such this one, which bears crudely drawn tricurved arch pattern (FM 62) on the exterior, are not common.8 The tricurved arch also appears on LM III burial larnakes.9

Pithos FS 13

were on A small number of pithos rims and body sherds solidly painted the are exterior. These examples treated below with the unpainted pithoi.

Piriform Jar FS 39, 40, 48 8. Note, however, the two deco rated larnakes from the at in two in palace Pylos; The piriform jar appears general sizes this deposit. The larger size see Palace Nestor I, pp. 187-189, to or s of corresponds FS 39 and 40, Mountjoy medium size,10which ranges from 139,140, and pp. 266-267, figs. 20 to 30 cm in The smaller size to FS 48 and ranges 348:6-8. height. corresponds fig. from 10 to 18 cm in It is not a common in the the two 9. Cf.Watrous 1991, pp. 289-290; height. shape deposit, sizes for more than 1% of the sherds. Morgan 1987, pp. 171,187. together accounting slightly painted 96-98. 5 and 6 show the two main variants of the 10. Mountjoy 1986, pp. Jars (Fig. 4:1) (Fig. 4:2) larger 462 PATRICK M. THOMAS

TABLE 3. PAINTED OPEN VESSELS: FURUMARK SHAPES AND MOTIFS

FS9,55, FS 126 FS199, FS257, FS1 281 Handmade 201 FS220 FS225, FS236 258B FS258A Krater 226 Furumark Motif Larnax Cup/Bowl Rhyton Cup Mug Dipper Kylix Kylix

FM 1Man FM 10a Iris [1] FM 18 Flower (Unvoluted) FM 18 Flower (Voluted/Hybrid) 4 2 1 FM 19 Multiple Stem/Tongue 2 2 FM 21 Octopus 1

Broad Wavy Band (cf. FM 21) FM 23Whorlshell (Vertical) 3 14 [1] 11 FM 23Whorlshell (Non-vertical) 1 4 FM 25 Bivalve Shell FM 27 Sea Anemone [1] [3] [1] FM 29 Trefoil Rockwork [1]

FM 42 Joining Semicircles FM 42 Arrow Fringe [2] FM 43 Isolated Semicircles FM 45 U-Pattern

FM 46 Running Spiral FM 48 Quirk

FM 49 Curve-Stemmed Spiral

FM 50 Antithetic Spiral

FM 51 Stemmed Spiral 2[1] 1 Miscellaneous Spirals

FM 53Wavy Line [1] FM 57 Net [3] FM 58 Parallel Chevrons 1[1] FM 60 N-Pattern

FM 61 Zigzag (Horizontal) FM 61 Zigzag (Vertical) FM62TricurvedArch

FM 63 Hatched Loop FM 64 Foliate Band

FM 73 Lozenge [1]

FM 74 Triglyph and Rosette FM 75 Paneled Patterns 2 FM 75 Side Panel

Irregular Stripes 2 Uncertain Pattern

? Total Patterned 1 (0.2) 21 (5.1) 5(1.2) 3(0.7) 2(0.5) 13(3.2) 31(7.5) 19(4.6) ------Solidly Painted In and Out 4(1.1) ? ? Linear Painted 39 (3.1) 5(0.4) 4(0.3) 20(1.6) 15(1.2) 1(0.1) 84(6.6) ? 1 Solidly Painted Out ? ? ? ? ? Characteristic Handle 3 1 4 18 ? ? Unidentifiable Painted 5?3 35 Total Painted 1 (<0.1) 64 (2.4) 15(0.6) 7(0.3) 30(1.1) 28(1.1) 8(0.3) 138(5.3) 19(0.7)

Solidly Painted In Grooved

in indicate of Numbers in brackets indicate subsidiary usage of motif. Numbers parentheses percentage paint category. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 463

FS284 FS FS294 Kylix 284,304,305 FS290, or Misc. Linear FS Misc.Total (Uncertain FS264Deep Deep 300,301 304,305 Stemmed Bowl Bowls Basin Conical Bowl Stemmed Bowl FS)Kylix Bowl Open Open

? ------[1] [2]

? ? ? ? ? 6 2 1 3[1] 26 [1] ? ? ____ _ 1 2 7

? ? ? ? ? ? 14 11 [2] 1 57 [3] ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 1 1 8 ? ------[1] [1] ?------[2] [1] [8]

? ------[4] 1[4] ?------[2] [1] [5] ? ?? ? ? ? 2 14[1] 16 [1] ?- - - - - [2] 1 1 2 [2] ? ? ? ? ? 8 1 10?26 ?? ? ? ? ? 4 [10] 1 1 6 [10]

? ? ____ 14 !_15 ? - ______2 4[1] ? ? ? ? ? ? 5[1] 2 12 23 [1] ? ------6 [5] 6 [6] ? ------[1] [4] ?? ? ? ? 5 [2] 11 1 9 [3] ? ------[1] 1[1] ? ------[5] [5] - ? - - - - - [6] 1[3] 1[9] ? ? ____ 8 7_21

? ------1[5] 1[6] ? ------[1] [1] ? ? ? ? ? ? 30 [10] 1 6 [12] 39 [22] ? ? ? ___ 10 __10

? ? _____ 9 2 5 28 54

? ? ? 18(4.4) 128(31.1) 4(1.0) 3(0.7) 64(15.6) 46(11.2) 358(87.1) _____ ?? ? 24(6.6) 234(64.8) 98(27.1) 360(99.7) ? ? ? 169(13.3) 2(0.2) 5(0.4) 11(0.9) 240(18.9) 325(25.6) 920(72.5) ___ ? ? ? ? _1920 ? ? ? ? ? 9 100 1361 ? ? ? ? 14 4 1 1 152188 18 (0.7) 24 (0.9) 320 (12.2) 108 (4.1) 3 (0.1) 5 (0.2) 14 (0.5) 540 (20.6) 640 (24.4) 1,982 (75.5) ? ? ? ? ? ? 4 35 19 59 ON

TABLE 4. PAINTED CLOSED VESSELS: FURUMARK SHAPES AND MOTIFS

FS 64,75 FS120, FS167, FS48 Collar FS 69/105/128 136Jug, FS126 FS164 171/173, FS 39,40 Small necked & Large Jug/ FS110 Narrow & Miniature Domestic 180,182 FS13 Large Piriform Lug-handled FS 85,94 Amphora/ Medium Cutaway Handmade Stirrup Small Misc. Total Furumark Motif Pithos Piriformjar Jar Jar Alabastron Hydria sizedjug neck Juglet Jar Stirrup Jar Closed Closed - FM 18 Flower (Unvoluted) [1] 6 6[1] ? FM 18 Flower (Voluted/Hybrid) 1 1 2 FM 19 Multiple Stem/Tongue 6 1 7 ? ? FM 21 Octopus 2 2 ? ? FM 23Whorlshell (Vertical) 2 2 FM 27 Sea Anemone 2?2 FM 41 Circles 7?9 FM 45 U-Pattern [1] 1 1 [1] - FM 48 Quirk [1] [1] ? Miscellaneous Spirals 1 2 ? FM 52 Isolated Spirals 1 1 FM 59 V-Pattern 2?2 FM 64 Foliate Band 2?6

Irregular Stripes Uncertain Patterned 1 1 7 10

Total Patterned 2 (0.5) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.5) 7(1.7) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.5) 27(6.6) 11(2.7) 53(12.9) - ? Solidly Painted In and Out 1 (<0.1) 1 (<0.1) Linear Painted 2 (0.2) 7 (0.6) 4 (0.3) 126 (9.9) 41 (3.2) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 23 (1.8) 47 (3.7) 96 (7.6) 349 (27.5) ? Solidly Painted Out 12 11 6 21 2 1 1 50 104 ? Characteristic Handle 2 1 2 53 6 3 7 8 1 83 ? Unidentifiable Painted 9 1 2 2 40 54 Total Painted 12 (0.5) 18 (0.7) 15 (0.6) 2 (0.1) 6 (0.2) 209 (8.0) 49 (1.9) 13 (0.5) 2 (0.1) 35 (1.3) 85(3.2) 198(7.5) 644(24.5)

in Numbers in brackets indicate subsidiary usage of motif. Numbers parentheses indicate percentage of paint category. IIIBI A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC POTTERY 465

a size, the former having a tall neck (FS 40), the latter considerably shorter one can (FS 39). Virtually nothing be said concerning the shape of the body from the sherds preserved in this deposit. It is not easy to identify with certainty bases belonging to this shape, but it is likely that 10 (Fig. 4:9) a to belongs to large piriform jar; 9 (Fig. 4:8) may also belong this shape. The smaller FS 48 is represented by 11 (Fig. 4:3) and by several bases. to The assignment of 13 (Fig. 4:7) this shape is problematic, but the de posit of small piriform jars from the House of the Sphinxes atMycenae was shows that this shape far less standardized than many other Myce naean vessels.11 can on Little be said about the patterns employed these piriform jars. a Jars 5 (Fig. 4:1) and 7 (Fig. 4:4) preserve rim decoration of short strokes no zones. (cf. FM 64 foliate band), but sherds preserve the patterned handle are a Necks solidly painted,12 and, following the usual syntax, line group as appears on the upper shoulder below the neck, illustrated by 8 (Fig. 4:5) are an and 11 (Fig. 4:3). Bases solidly painted, except for occasional thin area on reserved the lower base edge.

Collar-necked Jar FS 64, Lug-handled Jar FS 75

was One certain example of the collar-necked jar FS 64 (14, Fig. 6:16) one identified, along with probable example of the lug-handled jar FS 75 (15, Fig. 6:18). The similarly sized globular bodies and short collar necks of the two shapes make them difficult to distinguish unless the handles are present. The lug-handled jar generally has three evenly spaced lugs just a above the belly, while the collar-necked jar has pair of horizontal loop a on handles and pair of lugs the other sides.13 The collar-necked jar is rare in LH IIIB, but it becomes much more common in LH IIIC, when it appears in a broad range of sizes.14

Alabastron FS 85, 94

common The alabastron is not in this deposit, accounting for less than 1% of are both the patterned and total painted sherds. Two shapes represented: a FS 85, the rounded alabastron, which has squat globular body, and FS 94, a the square-sided alabastron, which has spreading cylindrical body. The only identified example of FS 85 is 17 (Fig. 6:17). All of the other sherds to a belong FS 94. The illustrated example 16 (Fig. 6:15) bears series of short on strokes the shoulder, probably a variant of the FM 64 foliate band.

see 11. For the base profile, French 13. See Mountjoy 1986, p. 125, no. for 1967, pp. 154-155; Mountjoy 1986, 1, fig. 151; unpainted examples from see p. 98, fig. 116:3,4; 1999, vol.1, Zygouries, Thomas 1992, nos. pp. 131-132, 224-226, fig. 30. pp. 324-325,387-391, fig. 62:1-13. a notes Alternatively, this could be from 14.Mountjoy (1986, p. 125) small that an this in stirrup jar. example of shape the 12. Note that the neck of 6 (Fig. 4:2) destruction horizon of the West House so worn traces at is that only of paint Mycenae (French 1967, p. 168, it was it as remain, but probably solidly pi. 38c) indicates that began early consistent the normal painted, with asLHIIIBl. of the decoration piriform jar. 466 PATRICK M. THOMAS

Large Jug/Amphora/Hydria FS 69/105/128 Figure 5 (opposite). Jugs and juglets 1-3 (cat. nos. 19-21), 4-7 (cat. nos. with Three closely related closed shapes, usually linear decoration only,15 22,23,26,27), 8-10 (cat. nos. 28,24, are common among the most vessels found in LH IIIB deposits. It is 25), 11-16 (cat. nos. 29-34) usually not possible to distinguish the LH IIIB linear-decorated jug from or are as the amphora hydria unless the handles present, the rims, bodies, and bases of these vessels are of the same type and of similar size.16 It ap a to pears that theMycenaean potters made generic vessel which different numbers of loop handles could be attached, thus adapting the general form for different uses. The syntax of the linear decoration is also similar: all a a at three shapes have painted rim, band the base of the neck, and two more on or bands the shoulder, while the lower parts of the body vary in the banding. It was necessary, therefore, to combine all three types under a single heading in the frequency tables. to Approximately 10% of the linear sherds belong these shapes (and ca. com 8% of the total number of painted sherds), making them the most mon a closed shapes. Nothing approaching complete profile with the crucial handles could be assembled from the sherds present, nor were there any rim segments sufficiently preserved to distinguish between the jug and the was amphora. The hydria certainly present, since 13 painted hydria handles cm. were identified. The rim diameters of these shapes vary from 9 to 14 seen The neck is uniformly tall and flaring, but much variability is in the a form of the rim. The most frequently observed type has slightly thickened and rounded lip (21, Fig. 5:3), but thick, downsloping lips (22, Fig. 5:4) and rounded lips that turn out almost horizontally (20, 24; Fig. 5:2, 9) common. are are also quite The bases slightly raised and generally flat, a uneven or although substantial number have poorly smoothed undersides (25, Fig. 5:10). one A number of sherds belong to solidly painted jugs. Only substantial was profile (19, Fig. 5:1) preserved. The paint of this vessel is unlike that on was so any other pot in the deposit; it fugitive that the surface color of seen. the clay could be easily It may be earlier than the bulk of the deposit, a are as range of solidly painted jugs and feeding bottles encountered in LH IIIA2.17

Medium-sized Jug FS 110

Medium-sized are less common than the for sherds from jugs larger forms, accounting 15. Note that patterned more the shoulders of are to than 3% of the linear sherds and slightly less than 2% of all painted jugs assigned common the narrow-necked FS 120, as this sherds, but they are still among the most closed shapes. The jug a shoulder. shape usually has patterned larger jug/amphora/hydria forms almost invariably employ loop handles, 16. Cf. 1986, 98. or Mountjoy p. but FS 110 more variation, having either strap handles. displays loop 17.Mountjoy 1986, p. 74. Solidly one substantial is The lower are in Only profile preserved (28, Fig. 5:8).18 body painted jugs well represented was ovoid or not as indicated the LH IIIA2-B at evidently piriform, globular, by abrupt tombs, especially curve at see 1937, vol. 2, in the vessel's profile the belly. The articulation of the neck with Prosymna; Biegen no. with three the is not as distinct as in the because the neck and rim 666, ?g. 254 (beaked jug body larger jug no. 402 with were a handles); 825, fig. (jug of the smaller vessels usually thrown in single piece with the body. neck and a handle); cm cutaway single The rim diameters cluster in the 7-10 range. Rims have no. usually slightly 844, fig. 402 (narrow-necked thickened and rounded that are less distinct than those two lips considerably amphora with handles). on 18. Cf. 12. the larger jug/amphora/hydria. Jug 26 (Fig. 5:6), which has abnormally Deshayes 1969, p. 578, fig. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 467

71 TTT

_n ^ TT7

? 10 m

12 ff %

/?S? 5 0 10cm 468 PATRICK M. THOMAS

a 6 Miniature hand thin body walls, exhibits definite thickening of the rim, but 27 (Fig. 5:7) Figure (opposite). made vessels 1-14 nos. is nearly lipless. (cat. 36-48, same as 331), alabastra 15,17 (cat. nos. 16, Decoration is purely linear and has the syntax the larger jugs: nos. a a 17), globular jars 16,18 (cat. 14, painted rim, band at the base of the neck, and at least two bands below a on 15) the shoulder. Occasionally band is found below the rim the interior, as on a 27 (Fig. 5:7). The loop handles generally have single stripe from are top to bottom, while the strap handles solidly painted.

Narrow-necked Jug FS 120, Globular Jug with Cutaway Neck FS 136

were A small number of pieces from patterned jugs identified, accounting for 1.7% of the patterned sherds, but only about 0.5% of all painted sherds. nar Two kinds of jug usually bear patterned shoulders in LH IIIB: the row-necked jug FS 120 and the globular jug FS 136. No sherds with the were distinctive scallop in the neck and rim of the latter type found in the are not deposit,19 but the preserved patterned sherds consistent with the narrower zones one shoulder typical of FS 120. Only substantial profile can could be reconstructed (29, Fig. 5:11). Although the restored profile be an was only approximation, it is clear that the body quite globular, and this, more again, is suggestive of the globular jug FS 136 than of the squatter FS 120. The assignment of two rims, 30 (Fig. 5:12)20 and 31 (Fig. 5:13), to the narrow-necked jug is only tentative. Among the few examples of patterned jugs, the globular jug 29 (Fig. 5:11) a bears the FM 18 flower pattern,21 while 33 (Fig. 5:15) has combination a to a of spiraliform and flower pattern. Jug 32 (Fig. 5:14) appears be Zy gouries-style jug with two FM 23 whorlshells, although the sherds may same not belong to the vessel.22 Elizabeth French has made the attractive are suggestion that such jugs parts of sets that included Zygouries-style as kylikes the matching drinking vessels.23

Miniature Handmade Vessels FS 126

occur are Miniature handmade vessels frequently in LH IIIB deposits and are usually specific to this period (Fig. 6:1-14). The vessels made with the no normal fine Mycenaean fabric and paint; they have connection with the dark-surfaced and burnished handmade "barbarian" wares that appear at some Mycenaean sites at the end of LH IIIB. Their presence in domestic deposits suggests that they may have been toys for children.24 The shapes or represented generally fall into the categories of either small juglets/bottles two cups. In this deposit, the juglet variety is represented only by examples,

not rim are sometimes 19. Cf. Furumark [1941] 1972, join is therefore certain. and base of the neck In the a line of dots. p. 606;Mountjoy 1986, p. 104 and 22. so-called Zygouries decorated with 23. A fig. 125. syntax, the linear elements normally E. French (pers. comm.). no. seems to 20. Cf. Shear 1987, p. 107, 128, present (on the rim, base of neck, similar pairing have been 18. and above the base in the case in LH IIB fig. shoulder, present Ephyraean goblets the are and and 21. The two sherds illustrated in the of globular jug) suppressed, jugs. into a a central motif or 24. Wardle n. 33. figure probably join single flower, only group appears; 1969, p. 277, are rather worn the cf. 103-104. The but the edges and Mountjoy 1986, pp. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 469

I I

^ S 4?

vv7 7 ^^j rt7^"

j* 10 y 12

1 1/ 13 y 14

15?

* 15 ) 16

17 18

5 0 10cm PATRICK M. THOMAS 470

a 7 domestic accounting for very small percentage of all painted sherds, while the cup Figure (opposite). Large 1-6 nos. variety accounts for slightly less than 0.6% of all painted sherds. stirrup jars (cat. 49-54) an Vessel 36 (Fig. 6:1) is example of the juglet/bottle variety. The a not body is globular with collar-necked rim, and it probably did have a handles. No example of the type with tall spreading neck and vertical a handle was identified.25 The cup variety is represented by number of small, mostly semiglobular vessels with different kinds and numbers of were a handles. Most made by pushing the thumb into small ball of clay no was to and building up the sides by pinching; attempt made provide or a no either a base regular lip. The most basic form has handles (38, 39; a Fig. 6:3,4). Another kind has small horizontal strap handle applied directly to a the rim (41-43, Fig. 6:6-8). A third type has horizontal loop handle attached to the body (45, Fig. 6:10), seemingly in imitation of the deep bowl FS 284.26 on The paint virtually all of these small pots is extremely worn, and most common often only the barest traces remain. The recognizable pattern, a well known from other published examples, is series of irregular vertical lines.27 Linear decoration, used at the base of the collar neck of 36 (Fig. 6:1) on occurs as an and the rim of 42 (Fig. 6:7), well. Bowl 40 (Fig. 6:5) is a unusual example. Unlike the other specimens, this bowl has distinct lip, on a and it appears to have been solidly painted the exterior, except for reserved band just under the lip.28 a Included with the small handmade vessels is miniature jar (37, not to an Fig. 6:2).The lower body is preserved, but the vessel appears be imita tion of the larger, straight-sided alabastron.This piece may have been wheel worn to made, although the possible rilling is too heavily be certain.

Domestic Stirrup Jar FS 164

coarse ac Sherds from large stirrup jars made in comparatively fabrics one count for 1.3% of all painted sherds. Only substantial profile could be reconstructed this vessel has the (49, Fig. 7:1); tall, conical-piriform 25. Cf.Wardle 1969, p. 277, normal for such in LH IIIB. A of sizes are found. nos. with profile stirrup jars range 59, 60 (globular type collar a no. 58 neck with Vessel 53 (Fig. 7:5), represented by spout fragment, is comparable in neck); p. 277, (tall at to a vertical handle). size to those of the large variety Zygouries,29 and belongs very big Cf. no. 63. was 26. Wardle 1969, p. 278, specimen. Vessel 52 (Fig. 7:4) is somewhat smaller; its false-neck disk 27. Mountjoy 1986, p. 102, to the flow of from the E.g., broken, spout. vol. deliberately probably speed liquid ?g. 123; 1999, 1, pp. 135-136, The illustrated 49-51 and 54 nos. remaining examples, (Fig. 7:1-3) (Fig. 7:6), 236-240, fig. 32. to to at 28. that the is belong stirrup jars comparable the medium-sized variety Zygou Note, however, paint to worn on this bowl. ries.30The fabrics of these larger stirrup jars bear little resemblance each extremely a 29. See Biegen 1928, p. 150, other, probable sign of their varying origins. The fabric of 49 (Fig. 7:1), 140;Thomas 1992, pp. 345-347, which was is reminiscent ofthat of the found fig. burned, strongly stirrup jars nos. Z 10-12. in the House of the Oil Merchant at while 51 Mycenae,31 (Fig. 7:3) may 30. See Biegen 1928, p. 149, fig. 139, same source as it originate from the the Zygouries stirrup jars, since closely and pp. 150-151; Thomas 1992, nos. Z 3-9. resembles them in both fabric and paint.32 pp. 341-345, 41 31.1 thank E. French for allowing The only pattern regularly used is the FM concentric circles, found me to examine these in the storerooms on the false-neck disks of two Handles bear a specimens. typically painted of the Museum. a Nauplion each and in two cases there is around the base of coarse stripe along edge, loop 32. For discussion of stirrup the handle. have rims and a band around Spouts invariably painted usually jars and bibliography, seeHaskell 1981; two Leonard et al. 1994. the base, although 54 (Fig. 7:6) has painted stripes wrapping around A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 471

T7?

I 3 / /

A?s-LW i

5 lOcm PATRICK M. THOMAS 472

to on 8 Small the neck, which may belong FM 72 tassel motifs the stirrup jar's Figure (opposite). stirrup 1-18 nos. 19-21 shoulder.33 The linear decoration of 49 (Fig. 7:1) is surprisingly irregular, jars (cat. 55-72), uneven (cat. nos. 74,75,73), 22-25 (cat. nos. with bands of thickness and spacing. 76-79)

Small Stirrup Jar FS 167, 171/173, 180, 182

Small stirrup jars, taken together, account for 6.6% of the patterned sherds, common and 3.2% of all painted sherds, making them the most shape common among the patterned closed sherds and the second-most among the closed painted sherds, after the large jug/amphora/hydria. As noted were use: by Mountjoy,34 four different shapes in the conical-piriform (FS 167), globular (FS 171/173), squat (FS 180), and conical (FS 182). It is, to a a however, difficult to assign sherds particular shape unless substantial portion of the body and shoulder is preserved; suggested assignments in must the catalogue therefore be treated with caution. The globular, squat, are and conical varieties all represented in this deposit; the conical-piriform shape cannot be identified. The profiles of the disks capping the false necks are a noteworthy. There is general tendency in stirrup jars for the tops of more convex over some the disks to become time, and eventually acquire conical profiles in LH IIIC. Most of the Tsoungiza examples have slightly a a convex depressed disks (e.g., 71,72; Fig. 8:17,18); only few have profile (e.g., 73, Fig. 8:21). were Only three different handle-zone patterns observed in this deposit: the FM 18A unvoluted flower (56, 57; Fig. 8:2, 3), the FM 19 multiple stem (55, 58, 62, 65, 66; Fig. 8:1, 4, 8, 11, 12), and the FM 27 sea anemone are en (59, 60; Fig. 8:5, 6). Patterns other than these rarely on countered small stirrup jars in LH IIIB. It is generally (and probably correctly) supposed that the small stirrup jars contained perfumed oil. It 33. is seen on the be that the motifs were a label the kind of oil This stirrup jars might speculated indicating from the Potter's see a Zygouries Shop; or scent.35 Handles themselves have broad, solid stripe along typically Thomas 1992, pp. 320-324, and their entire with a reserved at the articulation with the length, triangle pp. 341-347, nos. Z 3-12. is somewhat unusual in a shorter 34. 105-108. false-neck disk. Jar 70 (Fig. 8:16) having Mountjoy 1986, pp. areas 35. Linear B references to scented stripe and reserved at the top and bottom of the handle. oil that there were a limited A separate decorative zone is often found on the shoulder. The pat suggest number of and a to fragrances; rose, sage, terns employed are usually of kind that lend themselves disposition in (the last combined a narrow as cyperus perhaps band, such the semicircles, and the are ones quirk, joining V-pattern.36 with other scents) the only Within this the found in zones include For see Shelmer deposit, patterns body joining attested. bibliography, on a a dine 25 and n. 48. semicircles pair of lines (56, Fig. 8:2), the U-pattern (62, Fig. 8:8), 1985, p. zone to 36. See French 1967, 161, doubled body of the V-pattern (63, Fig. 8:9), and what appears be p. 11, for motifs characteristic of the an of a foliate band (61, 8:7). tallies were fig. example Fig. Although precise zones body of small stirrup jars from not maintained, small without zones seem to stirrup jars patterned body the large deposit of stirrup jars in the have been more common than those with them. Patterned zones at body West House Mycenae. were once to an an LH IIIBI but it Excava suggested be indication of early date, 37. Cf. French 1966, p. 219. were as as tion in EU 9 at at is now clear that they introduced at least early LH IIIA2.37 Tsoungiza produced one a area least small stirrup jar with pat The other patterned of the small stirrup jars is the disk capping terned zone from an undoubted the neck. With one the disks in this bear concentric body exception, deposit context. LH IIIA2 E. French (pers. circles or a around a circular with the innermost circle ring blob, usually comm.) has indicated that similar finds solid in one case the innermost circle is at painted (69-71, Fig. 8:15-17); have been made Mycenae and other in the unfilled (73, Fig. 8:21). Jar 72 (Fig. 8:18) is the only example with what sites Argolid. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 473

J3J5L ;s?:Si

~~^ ?10 12~~

~~13 14~~

~~19 20 ^~~

~~22 24 25 5 0 10cm 474 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

a worn. use 9 FS 264 may be spiral, although the paint is The of concentric circles Figure (opposite). kylikes on 1-3 nos. 4-11 false-neck disks of small stirrup jars is universal in LH IIIA2 and still (cat. 147-149), cups common use (cat. nos. 84-91), 12,13 in LH IIIB. Mountjoy has suggested that the of the spiral dippers nos. 14-17 on a (cat. 92,93), rhyta the false-neck disk is frequent, though not invariable, characteristic nos. on (cat. 80-83) of LH IIIB.38 The prevalence of concentric circles rather than spirals to a the examples in this deposit may perhaps be taken indicate date early in the period. The linear decoration of the small stirrup jars is fairly consistent, with on single bands enclosing fine line groups the shoulder, under the belly, and on just above the base. The concentric circles often found the undersides are on one of LH IIIB stirrup jar bases at other sites found only base in this deposit.39

~~Open Forms~~

Rhyton FS 199, 201 were Seven rhyton fragments identified, accounting for approximately 0.7% of the patterned sherds and 0.3% of the total painted sherds. All but one of these belong to the conical rhyton FS 199 (81-83, Fig. 9:15-17). to a a Vessel 80 (Fig. 9:14) probably belongs FS 201, rhyton with broad, a not short neck and globular upper body. This form is particularly well represented in published domestic deposits of LH IIIB.40 a on Patterned conical rhyta of LH IIIB usually have large panel the upper third of the vessel inwhich the motif is placed.41 Two rhyta from this deposit have vertical antithetic whorlshells (e.g., 82, Fig. 9:16). Another stem patterned rhyton (81, Fig. 9:15) has the lower of what is possibly FM 18, the hybrid flower. Alternating series of line groups and bands ap are pear below the patterned panel. The bottoms of rhyta solidly painted (80, Fig. 9:14).

~~Cups FS 214, 220, 250~~

Painted cups were not common on the Greek mainland during LH IIIBI, as ca. this deposit clearly attests.42 FS 220 accounts for 0.5% of the pat more terned sherds and slightly than 1% of all painted sherds. Cup 84 a in (Fig. 9:4) is FS 214, rather deep cup that is better represented de posits of LH IIIA2 than in those of LH IIIB.43 Two definite examples

but the evidence for it as The best 38.Mountjoy 1986, p. 79. For fig. 7:17-20), provides only four examples. a LH IIIB1 is known which he dated to LH IIIA2 examples from theArgolid, general phenomenon in example, see not was at in Mountjoy 1999, vol. 1, pp. 123-124, clear. Published LH IIIA2 deposits LH IIIA2, found Halyki nos. nos. 190 the have cf. and L?schke 186-189, fig. 27; p. 124, from Argolid and Corinthia Athens; Furtw?ngler no with no. 191 and p. 126, fig. 28. examples of small stirrup jars 1886, 39, pi. 19; Benzi 1975, p. 180, no. 39.Mountjoy (1986, p. 80; 1999, this decoration, although Mountjoy 62; Demakopoulou 1988, p. 125, use nos. no. vol. 1, p. 138) suggests that the of (1999, vol. 2, pp. 665-666, 84-85, 63. on as two 109. such concentric circles the under fig. 253) classifies LH IIIA2 41. Mountjoy 1986, p. sides bases is a distin of FS 166 from the Kad 110. of stirrup jar examples 42.Mountjoy 1986, p. of LH IIIB in meion at that have concentric guishing feature general. Thebes 43. Cf. Furumark [1941] 1972, seems to be case in circles on the underside of the base. no. XXII This certainly the p. 620;Wace 1932, 7, pi. LH IIIB2 (seeWardle 1973, p. 309, 40. Furumark ([1941] 1972, p. 619) (Tomb 524). A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 475 19

~~rr !*(~~

~~> 0~~

~~"i^ ^~~

~~13-14 10~~

~~-?> 7 10~~

~~I_6_?~~

~~S7 zn 12 13~~

~~16? 17 m i 10cm PATRICK M. THOMAS 476~~

a were 10 1-14 of shallow spouted cup, probably FS 250, identified; of these, Figure (opposite).Mugs an a (cat. nos. 94-107), 15-18 (cat. nos. 85 (Fig. 9:5) has unbridged spout, while 86 (Fig. 9:6) has bridged ear 351-354) spout. Another shallow cup, perhaps FS 220 (89, Fig. 9:9), may be are lier than the bulk of the material. More problematic 87 (Fig. 9:7) to a and 88 (Fig. 9:8). These clearly belong deeper kind of cup than the foregoing and should possibly be assigned to FS 220.44 Despite being a termed the shallow semiglobular cup, Furumark's FS 220 includes range some cannot as of profiles, of which be described shallow.45 Included here a or no is 91 (Fig. 9:11), very small bowl cup with clear parallel. Cup 89 (Fig. 9:9) is probably earlier than the bulk of the deposit; its a a pattern, closely spaced, angular multiple stem (FM 19), has good paral a lel in sherd dated to LH IIIAl in the Nauplion Sherd Collection. The are or other two patterned pieces both unusual; the ladder checkerboard on motif 88 (Fig. 9:8) is not in Furumark's repertoire,46 while the joining to semicircles of 87 (Fig. 9:7) perhaps look forward the triangular patch (FM 42:21-33) common in LH IIIB2 and LH IIIC. It is difficult to state a whether the solid paint of 84 (Fig. 9:4) is unusual, but similarly decorated occurs a context at specimen in LH IIIA2 Mycenae.47

~~Mug FS 225, 226~~

more The mug accounts for approximately 3% of the patterned sherds and two than 1% of all painted sherds. Furumark distinguished shapes, FS 225 a concave and 226, the former having slightly cylindrical body, usually with a a more concave plastic rib at the waist, the latter having much body and no either rib or three grooves at the waist.48 Most of the examples from on concave this deposit must be assigned to FS 226, based the distinctive at body profiles (98, 99; Fig. 10:5, 6). No sherd with the plastic rib the waist was identified, but the small size and nearly cylindrical profile of are more 100 (Fig. 10:7) consistent with FS 225 than FS 226. The flaring two or on rims of FS 226 typically have three grooves the exterior (94-96, two or Fig. 10:1-3); the waist may have three grooves (106,107; Fig. 10:13, or are 14) it may be plain.49 Few grooved bases present, but 99 and 102 (Fig. 10:6, 9) illustrate that variant. most common on The running spiral (FM 46) is the pattern mugs on are so in this deposit, identified four specimens, although the patterns none incomplete that has been illustrated. The stemmed spiral (FM 51) occurs in two instances (94, 99; Fig. 10:1, 6), and FM 60, the N-pattern, one to in (100, Fig. 10:7). Mug 105 (Fig. 10:12) appears have the tricurved are arch (FM 62) as its main pattern; the dots over the curved lines likely a to represent hybridization with the lobe of the LH III flower (FM 18).

44. The convex below the for a sense of the 48. Furumark profile p. 48, fig. 13; range, [1941] 1972, 87 it see also nos. 1 623. lipless rim of shows that belongs Mountjoy 1986, p. Ill, pp. 55-56, to a a the 136. 49. It now seems clear that cup rather than deep bowl; and 3, fig. grooved of 88 is a curi are not survivals from LH IIIA2 nearly vertical profile 46. Note that FM 56 (checkers) mugs but of the LH IIIB osity, but the small rim diameter has alternate boxes of the grid solidly part pottery rep the thus the (ca. 10 cm) andwidth of patterned painted. ertoire, answering questions zone is consistent with a 47. no. XXII and cup. Wace 1932, 7, pi. posed by French (1966, p. 219) 45. Cf. Furumark [1941] 1972, (Tomb 524). Mountjoy (1976, p. 86, n. 20). A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 477

~~_H _17~~

~~7 P7J 1TI~~

~~J J~~

~~A \ <_? 10~~

~~14 13 478 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

a The fragment of mug 96 also displays the tricurved arch, with stemmed one spiral fill. Linear decoration usually consists of two bands at the rim, at the waist, and two on the base. The underside of the base often has a group of concentric circles (102,103; Fig. 10:9,10).50

~~Dipper FS 236~~

are common Painted dippers not in this deposit, constituting less than one was 0.5% of the total painted sherds. Only substantial profile recov ered (92, Fig. 9:12). The broad, semiglobular body and flaring lipless rim are typical of this shape. In addition to three other rims, four high-swung were handles characteristic of the shape also tallied. The profile of 93 a (Fig. 9:13) has the appearance of small dipper, but visible traces of paint a an suggest that it bears pattern, making it unlikely candidate for the

shape. a The dippers' decoration is purely linear, with painted rim, reserved a as seen on zone, and line group below the belly, 92 (Fig. 9:12). The other rims bear only traces of paint, but their decoration appears to have been as no linear well. The Tsoungiza deposit contains examples of the dippers a or with dotted rim, known from other LH IIIB contexts, of the dipper a with patterned handle.51

~~Kylix FS 257, 258, 264~~

The kylix in its various shapes accounts for about 16% of the total pat terned sherds, and approximately 7.5% of the total painted sherds, mak common ing it the third-most identifiable shape in the deposit, after the stemmed bowl and the deep bowl. This is comparable to the frequency Rutter observed in the East Alley deposit at Korakou, where kylikes make up 18.1% of the patterned sherds and 17.6% of all patterned and linear sherds. Mountjoy similarly observed that kylikes accounted for 18.7% of all room patterned sherds and 13.4% of all painted sherds in the South House at 22 deposit Mycenae.52 In the Mycenae Prehistoric Cemetery (central) deposit, however, kylikes made up fully 46% of the patterned sherds, while room in theMycenae Citadel House 3 deposit, they represented 23.2% of the patterned sherds and 30% of all painted sherds.53 can to The kylikes from Tsoungiza pit 1 be assigned three Furumark a shapes: FS 264, 257, and 258. FS 264 has distinctly semiglobular lower a or a body, prominent pointed rounded lip (frequently with groove under neath it on the exterior), and two broad vertical strap handles. When deco not to rated, it is usually solidly painted.54 It is sometimes easy distinguish treatment between the rounded kylikes FS 257 and FS 258. Furumarks not of the rounded kylix and his shape divisions do convey the great vari

a 50. These concentric circles are (1976, p. 109) provides table for the of Clytemnestra, however, suggests it not have been an classed with the linear decoration, not three Mycenae deposits. that may ordinary with FM 41 circles. 53.Mountjoy 1976, p. 109. The domestic deposit. see 51. For this decoration, Mount probable association of the Mycenae 54. Furumark [1941] 1972, p. 427; no. 138. Prehistoric with the 90. joy 1986, p. 113, 2, fig. Cemetery deposit Mountjoy 1986, p. 52. Rutter 1974, p. 104.Mountjoy circular retaining wall around the Tomb A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 479

ability encountered in stem height, the shape of the lower body and bowl, a and the rim.55 In general, FS 257 has more rounded body than FS 258, inwhich the lower body is distinctly conical and the articulation with the a upper bowl is quite sharp.56 FS 257 has thick rounded lip, while that of FS 258 is less distinct, maintaining the trend toward diminishing the pro jection of the rim and lip observed from LH I onward. Within FS 258, I have followed French's practice in designating kylikes decorated in the Zy as as gouries syntax FS 25 8A, and those in the standard kylix syntax FS 258B.57 In Table 3, FS 257 and 258B have been counted together, al are though definitely assignable pieces noted in the catalogue. A category was of uncertain kylix created for small body sherds not definitely assign able to any of the above shapes. The profiles of decorated kylikes cannot manner be distinguished in any consistent from unpainted examples in use this deposit. Furumark's of different shape numbers for decorated and not undecorated kylikes does reflect distinctions in actual profile.58 are Twenty-four sherds could be assigned to FS 264.59 The bodies deep and semiglobular, usually slightly incurving toward the rim, and the a rims have distinct pointed lips (147-149, Fig. 9:1-3). Kylix 148 has very narrow a on distinct but groove, certainly made with fine-pointed tool, the are exterior under the lip. Handles uniformly of the broad strap type with are out. thin oval sections. All of the sherds solidly painted inside and can A small but significant number of patterned kylix sherds be assigned to FS 257 rather than FS 258. Four examples of FS 257 bear patterns of or horizontal diagonal whorlshells (114-117, Fig. 12:1-4), patterns very well known from LH IIIA2 contexts atMycenae.60 In the LH IIIBI strata of the East Alley deposit at Korakou, Rutter also found that specimens of FS 257 were often decorated with such whorlshells.61 In the two cases are at here where the heads of the whorlshells least partially preserved, are a they of the filled type, while the preserved bodies have single line one a of dot fill. Only sherd preserves subsidiary motif (115, Fig. 12:2); to a or this appears be highly stylized hybridized version of FM 29 trefoil rockwork, although the motif is usually found floating in the decorative not as zone, pendant from the rim in this example. Only single examples of

FS rise 55. Furumark [1941] 1972, the handles in 257 usually unpainted examples of comparable seems not true to or see pp. 628-629. FS 257 to be slightly above the rim, it is that shape FS 265,266, 274; Furu widely regarded as a purely LH IIIA2 the handles in FS 258 usually rise only mark [1941] 1972, pp. 60-61, figs. 16, to Furumark's list to rim level and not as 17. type, but according above, suggested Furumark (p. 62) himself stated, counter of type specimens, it is represented in by Mountjoy (1986, p. 115; "In the LH IIIB and following periods even on no. no LH IIIB and perhaps LH IIIC example shown p. 114, 13, there is longer any fundamental contexts as well. FS 257 was well in decorated early fig. 141). difference shape between in a LH IIIBI at 57. French 222. In the with the represented deposit 1966, p. Zy and plain types of the category Korakou (Rutter 1974, p. 80) and also gouries syntax, all linear decoration is rounded bowl." and the decoration 59. is to rim atTiryns (Sch?nfeld 1988, p. 168). suppressed, painted It possible confuse 56. The of actual is restricted to one side of the vessel. range shapes sherds from FS 264 with those from (seeMountjoy 1986, p. 89, fig. 107), 58. Patterned kylikes of LH IIIA2 the stemmed bowl FS 305, especially demonstrates the of date were Furumark to FS when is however, difficulty assigned by the latter solidly painted, but statements about the or or the a making general 256 257, and unpainted solidly stemmed bowl has less distinct lip, The that the relative of body. suggestion painted examples comparable shape usually rounded instead of pointed, and to were to FS 264 or 266. Pat height of the handle may be used assigned lacks the groove under the rim. distinguish between FS 257 and FS terned kylikes of LH IIIB date were 60. French 1965, p. 165, fig. 2:1,2. not or 258 is particularly helpful; although assigned to FS 258 259, and the 61. Rutter 1974, p. 81. 48o PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~w W~~

~~12 10~~

~~16 \ 15~~

~~_ _15 12~~

~~^^ 17 14 18~~

~~19 1 20 ^^ # Y Y 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 481~~

11 FS are Figure (opposite). 258A other motifs represented. Kylix 108 (Fig. 11:14) has groups of tentacles 1-13 a not this Zygouries-style kylikes pendant from the rim, motif found in Furumark's synthesis; may nos. 118-130), FS 257 or 258B an LH The (cat. perhaps be abbreviation of the stylized III octopus. fragment nos. 14-21 (cat. 108-113, a of an or kylikes 109 (Fig. 11:15), if it is in fact from kylix, may show part octopus 131,132) argonaut, but the crowding of the tentacles is unusual. Kylix 110 (Fig. 11:16) bears a has what is clearly the FM 62 tricurved arch, while 112 (Fig. 11:18) are horizontal group of FM 58 parallel chevrons. Less certain the patterns on is no obvious 111 (Fig. 11:17) and 113 (Fig. 11:19). Although there of the lobe of the FM 18 parallel for the former, the latter may preserve part or hybrid flower perhaps the FM 51 stemmed spiral. The range of patterns observed in this small group of FS 257 is greater and than that in the larger groups of FS 258, where the whorlshell hybrid are flower flower the only patterns used. Taken together, whorlshells and on at motifs appear approximately 82% of the FS 258 kylikes Tsoun two on is in other giza. The dominance of these motifs kylikes reflected as LH IIIBI deposits well. In theMycenae Prehistoric Cemetery (central) observed in the deposit, they constitute about 89% of the total patterns; Citadel House, room 3, about 82%; in the South House, room 22, about on does the 83%. Only at Korakou, where they appear 65% of the kylikes, percentage fall below 80%.62 Little can be learned from these pieces regarding the width of the decorative zone. In FS 258B, it continues to the top of the stem, but in to a FS 257 it usually extends only point midway between the top of the stem and the bottom of the handles (cf. 108, Fig. 11:14). The rim banding on is the Tsoungiza examples is interesting; usually only the tip of the lip on entire of the is painted in FS 258, while FS 257 the swelling lip painted. The relatively broad rim band is useful in distinguishing kylix forms among on is a small rim sherds; for example, although the motif 140 (Fig. 12:12) vertical whorlshell, the thick lip and the broad rim band suggest that this to small sherd should be assigned FS 257. FS 258A, the Zygouries-style kylix, is recorded less often than the standard FS 258B, but this may not reflect its actual frequency.63 The range of motifs is narrow, with only the vertical whorlshell and hybrid flower are on present. The whorlshells disposed in antithetic pairs examples such as on two 118 (Fig. 11:1), but pieces (119,124; Fig. 11:2, 7), they belong are to groups of three. Filling ornaments between the antithetic pairs ob on a rosette served only 122 (Fig. 11:5), where part of dot (cf. the FM 27 sea anemone) can be seen. The sherds decorated with hybrid flowers pre 62. French Wardle are 1966, p. 235; serve only the lower stems of the flowers. These filled with subsidiary 1969, p. 279;Mountjoy 1976, p. 110; or motifs such as the FM 53 wavy line (129, Fig. 11:12) the FM 57 net (127, Rutter 102-103. 1974, pp. one case were Fig. 11:10); in (126, Fig. 11:9), multiple vertical lines used 63. Because the Zygouries kylix stem. lacks linear decoration and is decorated to fill the on one the of to none of the FS 25 8A only side, substantial portions of Despite proximity Tsoungiza Zygouries, the much of the and the base to rim, body, kylikes is very similar in fabric the kylikes from the so-called Zygouries cannot be identified as to a belonging Potter's Shop, where virtually all of the painted kylikes fall into three visu decorated vessel. ally distinct fabrics.64 Moreover, although the sherd size is generally quite 64. Thomas 1992, pp. 301-303. none of the to have been decorated at small, appears by 65. For discussions of hands Zy Tsoungiza examples see the same hands seen in the It is not clear whether this gouries, Thomas 1992, pp. 312-316; Zygouries deposit.65 to a Thomas 1997. is related chronology (i.e., different generation of potters working in 482 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~18 15-16~~

;

~~_16 _17~~

~~"7 10 7 14?~~

~~13 12(~~

~~V 15 13 V~~

~~18 16 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 483~~

Figure 12 (opposite). FS 257 kylikes the area) or different sources from which the two sites may have obtained 1-4 nos. and 12 (cat. 114-117) their vessels. The range of motifs, especially the filling ornaments, observed (cat. no. 140), FS 258B 5-11 on seen on kylikes the Tsoungiza examples is very limited compared to that kylikes nos. (cat. 133-139) and 13-18 at from the Potter's Shop Zygouries. (cat. nos. 141-146) The FS 258B kylikes (131-139, 141-146; Figs. 11:20, 21; 12:5-11, seem a 13-18) all to have had very wide decorative zone, extending from a very thin rim band to the top of the stem. A fine line group at the top of the stem forms the base of the decorative zone; the stems usually have three two to five broader bands underneath, while the bases typically have either or most three painted bands. The FM 23 vertical whorlshell is by far the on common pattern, occurring 14 examples. The compositions usually or contain either eight ten whorlshells, symmetrically disposed. Kylix 141 an uneven (Fig. 12:13) is unusual in having number of whorlshells, with five on one side and four on the other. The whorlshell heads are gener one ally of the unfilled type; only filled specimen is represented (135, Fig. are 12:7). The bodies uniformly filled with dots. The only other patterns are seen on represented the FM 18 hybrid flower, flanked by whorlshells on two 146 (Fig. 12:18), and the FM 21 octopus, found stems (131,132; to Fig. 11:20,21) that may in fact belong FS 257 kylikes.

~~Krater FS 9, Amphoroid Krater FS 55, Ring-based Krater FS 281~~

The krater is the fourth-most common open shape, accounting for ca. 5% ca. of the patterned sherds and 2.5% of the total painted sherds. These are proportions comparable to those of the East Alley deposit at Korakou, two but distinctly less than those observed in of the three LH IIIBI deposits at same as Mycenae.66 If the krater had the function inMycenaean times it did in the historical periods, its frequency might have varied considerably or or depending upon the rank of the household site, since the symposia was are to more gatherings for which it presumably used likely have been common in wealthier households. The krater appears in several forms in LH IIIBI. The more common a narrow an type, FS 9, has relatively base, exaggerated piriform body, and two vertical strap handles. Another type, FS 281, the ring-based krater, a a has low ring base, closing semiglobular body, and two horizontal loop handles. Only the presence of the base or the handles allows for certain 66. Korakou: 4.38% attribution of krater sherds to either FS the (patterned) shape.67 Type 55, amphoroid Prehis rare (Rutter 1974, p. 104); Mycenae, krater, is in domestic deposits and better known from tombs, especially toric (central): 0.1%; on Cemetery Myce Cyprus. nae, Citadel House, room 3:16.2%; Several of FS 281, the krater, are found in this room examples ring-based Mycenae, South House, 22: deposit. Vessels 150,163, and 164 13:1; 14:3,4) to this 11.6% (Mountjoy 1976, p. 109). (Figs. belong shape, the identification of the last two based on the of the interior 67.Mountjoy (1986, p. 110) sug being presence in the rims below the Krater be gests, addition, that everted banding belly. fragment 153 (Fig. 13:4) may another of FS 281 are shorter and more on more angular example, based its shorter lip. FS 9 is much common, as illus than those of FS 9. sherds from Body trated by the selection of rims in Figures 13:2, 3, 5-11, and 14:8-11. The the area of the can also be dis belly krater FS 55 is a sherd from the since FS 281 amphoroid represented by single junction tinguished occasionally, a has two interior bands at or of neck and shoulder (166, 14:6). all of these kraters have regularly Fig. Virtually a surface finish to that found on most bowls and below the level of the belly, while FS 9 polished superior deep is in this area. were plain stemmed bowls, perhaps suggesting that they prestige items. 484 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~33 29~~

~~__^^^^^ 34-36 .^^^^^ml-^^~~

~~10 r< d^:\~~

~~10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 485~~

13 Kraters 1-11 on Figure (opposite). No single pattern predominates the FS 281 kraters.The ring-based (cat. nos. 150-160) was a krater 150 (Fig. 13:1) decorated with the FM 62 tricurved arch and lozenge fill. Another small sherd decorated with the tricurved arch prob to a more ably also belongs ring-based krater, since this pattern is typical of FS 281 than FS 9.68Among the other illustrated examples of FS 281, a 164 (Fig. 14:4) may have been decorated with curtailed running spiral, while 163 (Fig. 14:3) displays theFM 18 flower.Fragment 153 (Fig. 13:4), an which may also be FS 281, bears unusual type of running spiral with sets three of lines radiating from it.This pattern appears to be accessorial to a zone a main pattern in the below, only small tip of which remains. It on bears some resemblance to the so-called horns seen examples of FM 15 palm II, but the motif may in fact be pictorial. a more common most Since the FS 9 krater is shape than FS 281, of to the remaining rims have been assigned that shape inTable 3. FS 9 kraters a exhibit range of patterns, each occurring two to four times. These include the FM 18 hybrid flower (154,155; Fig. 13:5, 6), FM 23 whorlshell (157, 158,161; Figs. 13:8, 9; 14:1), FM 46 running spiral (165, Fig. 14:5), and FM 75 paneled patterns (151,152; Fig. 13:2,3). Both examples of FM 75 arrow as a paneled patterns employ FM 42 fringe subsidiary motif along one case the edges of the triglyph, in the externally, in the other internally. a Fragment 156 (Fig. 13:7) may have line of the FM 51 stemmed spiral or the FM 19 curved multiple stem. Fragments 159 and 160 (Fig. 13:10, 11), which bear a pattern underneath the rim, are somewhat unusual. The worn sherd 160 is too to permit identification of all the lines, but 159 clearly stem consists of squares filled with the FM 19 angular multiple alternating with empty squares, and at least one more row of this pattern was present on underneath. The pattern the sole example of the amphoroid krater (166, a an Fig. 14:6) is puzzle. It may represent part of octopus, with the fringe a representing the suckers. Alternatively, itmay have been part of pictorial design. The linear decoration of the kraters is unexceptional. Two different on a types of linear banding occur the rim: broad, solidly painted band or a a (150,155; Fig. 13:1, 6) narrower rim band with second band under on are neath the exterior (151,152; Fig. 13:2,3). Both variants well paral an leled in other LH IIIBI deposits. The broad strap handle of FS 9 has oval stripe running around it from the lip to the belly (167, Fig. 14:7).69The a ring-based krater has three-splash handle similar to those of the deep or were bowl and stemmed bowl. Few base body sherds identified, but three on seem bands the belly to have been standard, along with solidly painted case bases. Interior banding is found beneath the rim and, in the of the or on ring-based krater, just above below the belly the interior.

~~Deep Bowl FS 284~~

most common The deep bowl FS 284 is the patterned shape in the deposit, more accounting for than 31% of the patterned sherds; it is the second most common HO. after the stemmed bowl, for 68. Cf. Mountjoy 1986, p. painted shape, accounting ca. 12% of the total sherds. Because of different 69. This handle may belong to the painted counting proce same vessel as the base 176 must (Fig. 14:16). dures, comparisons with other LH IIIBI deposits be treated with 486 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~I 7~~

~~?^^r V ) ^>y^~~

~~27 25 _28~~

~~30-35 30? _27 _28~~

~~1 IBW 14 Yt 13~~

~~I j__u I Ji. 15 16~~

~~10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 487~~

14 Kraters 1-16 to Figure (opposite). caution, but the figure for the patterned sherds is quite comparable nos. stemmed bowl room room (cat. 161-176), those of the Citadel House, 3, and South House, 22, deposits 17 (cat. no. 244) as as atMycenae (29.5% and 31.7%, respectively). It is about twice high that reported for the Prehistoric Cemetery (central) deposit atMycenae (14%) and the East Alley deposit at Korakou (16.3%).70When all painted are sherds taken into account, however, the deep bowl is less predominant atTsoungiza, primarily because of the large number of solidly painted and to are linear sherds that belong stemmed bowls. Comparable figures not most available from the Prehistoric Cemetery (central) deposit because of were the nonpatterned sherds discarded, but the deep bowl accounted for room at 22.5% of the total painted sherds in the 3 deposit Mycenae and room 31.4% in the 22 deposit. At Korakou, Rutter found that deep bowls ca. represented 21% of the painted sherds.71 The deep bowls from this deposit lack the relatively standardized seen shape in the later part of LH IIIB. This is particularly noticeable in the shape of the body from above the belly to the rim. By the middle of a LH IIIB, deep bowls had generally acquired bell-shaped appearance, a with gently incurving profile between the belly and the flaring lipless common rim. This variant is fairly among the Tsoungiza deep bowls a (194, Fig. 16:8; 208, Fig. 17:1), but range of other profiles is also repre or no sented. Nearly vertical profiles with little curvature in the up are common per body quite (177, Fig. 15:1; 189, Fig. 16:3; 211, 218, 224, 225; Fig. 17:4, 11, 17, 18). It is perhaps significant that many LH IIIA2 one-handled deep bowls (FS 283), the likely predecessors of as FS 284 bowls, possess similar profiles, do early examples of FS 284.72 Others exhibit slight, but definite, lips, rather than the standard lipless rim (177, 180, Fig. 15:1, 4; 187, 188, Fig. 16:1, 2). Rim diameters vary a cm as considerably, ranging from diminutive 10 to as much 19-20 cm. or The standard size of Group A deep bowls from LH IIIBI later contexts tends to cluster closely around 15-16 cm.73 Exact records of all rim sizes were not maintained, but many, if not most, of the deep bowl rims in this were ca. cm. deposit relatively small, 12-14 The range observed indicates was as that the type not yet completely standardized. no are The handles and bases display peculiarities. The handles always no a of the horizontal loop variety. There is certain example of deep bowl a a with only single loop handle (FS 283), but only small part of the rim of no a 182 (Fig. 15:6) ismissing, and there is trace of the swelling for handle attachment in the body opposite the preserved handle. This, along with

For a one 70. table presenting the Myce (ca. 20%), and so must consider that 71. Rutter 1974, p. 104. nae see as as or more percentages, Mountjoy 1976, much 10% could be added 72. Cf. Mountjoy 1986, p. 90, p. 109; for Korakou, see Rutter 1974, to the deep bowl and stemmed bowl fig. 109:3-6; Mountjoy 1999, vol. 1, 104. There are There is reason to nos. p. difficulties, however, frequencies. believe, pp. 128-129, 210-213, fig. 29, with these statistics. The Pre no. Mycenae moreover, that the Mycenae Prehistoric p. 541, 197, and p. 539, fig. 195. historic was a 73. a Cemetery deposit severely Cemetery deposit may have been of Wardle gives range of 13-15 and most of the or nature a cm culled, nonpatterned special votive rather than for LH IIIB1 (1969, p. 273) and sherds were The same n. an estimate of ca. 16 cm jettisoned. applies typical domestic deposit (see 53, for LH IIIB2 to the East not Korakou Alley deposit. above). I have been able to translate (1973, p. 312). For the definition of the Rutter's of or stemmed A see n. category deep the tables provided by Sch?nfeld (1988, Group deep bowl, below, 86. bowl at Korakou is also sizable tables quite 1,2) into comparable percentages. PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~; ^~~

~~^uy iv A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 489~~

15 bowls nature more Figure (opposite). Deep the profile and the of the decoration, the latter characteristic 1-10 nos. 11-17 an (cat. 177-186), of LH IIIA2, raises the possibility that 182 is example of FS 283. Bases (cat. nos. 228-234) more are either of the raised disk or ring form. The raised disk base is likely on on to be used the smaller vessels, the ring base the larger. on are more seen on Patterns observed the deep bowls varied than those are most common occur kylikes. The FM 75 paneled patterns the motif, as a or on more ring main subsidiary motif than 40% of the patterned deep to bowl fragments.74This is similar other LH IIIBI deposits in the vicinity of Tsoungiza. In theMycenae Prehistoric Cemetery (central) deposit, pan on eled patterns represent about 50% of the patterns observed deep bowls; in the Citadel House, room 3, about 53%; in the South House, room 22, about 36%; at Korakou, 50%.75 In the Tsoungiza deposit, the FM 50 anti most common thetic spiral motif is the form of panel decoration (208-216, Fig. 17:1-9). Other panel decorations include the lozenge FM 73 (224-226, Fig. 17:17-19) and the FM 19 tongue (218,219; Fig. 17:11,12).76 two a The central triglyphs used to separate the main panels exhibit two to good deal of variety. The triglyphs typically have six vertical lines a narrow some framing central panel, which is usually filled with subsidiary as motif such the FM 48 quirk (221, Fig. 17:14; also the band-type quirk seen on seen on 208, Fig. 17:1, and the chain-type quirk 209, Fig. 17:2), the FM 53 wavy line (212,Fig. 17:5), the FM 61 zigzag (218, Fig. 17:11), and the FM 73 lozenge (215, Fig. 17:8). The FM 42 joining semicircles are outer sometimes used along the edges of the triglyph (208, Fig. 17:1; see arrow on narrow also the fringe 217, Fig. 17:10). Side panels (i.e., near on a triglyphs the handles) appear only about third of the vessels with paneled patterns. No certain examples of the deep bowl with only as are are common contexts triglyphs decoration present; these in LH IIIBI at no a Mycenae.77 There is also example in this deposit of deep bowl with to as the half-rosette (cf. FM 74) attached the outer edges of the triglyph, common is atMycenae andTiryns (although apparently not at Korakou). on Given the frequent appearance of this motif LH IIIB2 deep bowls, it a saw is possible that itmay have been chronologically sensitive motif that increasing use during LH IIIBI. 74. Note thatwhile the FM 50 can The remaining deep bowls be divided into two groups: those with antithetic is treated as a main spiral animal/floral motifs and those with geometric/abstract patterns.The FM 23 it occurs on bowls motif, always deep whorlshell is the most common animal on 9% of the in with a central pattern, occurring pat conjunction triglyph, terned of the are too small to determine and it should be treated with the other deep bowls, although many pieces If it is the of the entire Antithetic are paneled patterns. counted sepa appearance composition. pairs represented the of other The 182 a rately, proportion paneled (183, Fig. 15:7). unusual vessel (Fig. 15:6), possible example of falls to around 30%. patterns the one-handled deep bowl FS 283, bears diagonally swimming whorlshells 75. French 1966, p. 235; Wardle a more with doubly outlined heads, motif at home in LH IIIA2.The FM 18 1969, p. 279;Mountjoy 1976, p. 110; on ca. hybrid/voluted flower is also common, occurring 5% of the patterned Rutter 1974, pp. 102-103. bowls. It is sometimes whorlshells 76. For 218, cf. French 1966, no. 5, deep accompanied by (178, Fig. 15:2) or other motifs such as the FM 48 Also pi. 48. quirk (179, Fig. 15:3). interesting nos. 77. Cf. Wardle 1969, p. 274, 43, are two occurrences of the FM 18 unvoluted flower as amain pattern (180, 45; 1976, p. 88, no. 48. There on Mountjoy 181; Fig. 15:4, 5). This motif is generally used the shoulders of closed are, however, several examples of this vessels rather than in the decorative zones of open vessels. kind of decoration on deep bowl sherds The motif on the from this zone at only figured piece deposit (177, 15:1) from the plow Tsoungiza, Fig. or not to was dubbed the its excavators. It seems to which may may belong the immediately "Spaceman" by rep resent an armored deposit. warrior, although the childish rendering makes certain PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~3 12 17~~

~~r 10~~

~~_? '4 14-15 S?^^^m^m. ^^b^m^a, f _jO~~

~~16 7~~

~~15 y 17~~

~~_14 r \ ?. tmmmwzf *^~~

~~7\ 21 10cm / A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 491~~

16 bowls Figure (opposite). Deep identification difficult. No precise parallel exists for the figure, but the style 1-21 nos. (cat. 187-207) is very close to that of the so-called Circus Pot dated to LH IILA2 from as as a Kalkani Tomb 521 atMycenae, well to that of deep bowl sherd, or an context at contemporaneous slightly later, from undated Zygouries.78 a arms The Tsoungiza piece clearly represents human figure. The and legs are to long and rubbery, with blobs indicate digitless hands and feet, and no there is virtually indication of musculature. Most Mycenaean pictorial vase representations of humans, by contrast, pay great attention to the legs at least, with the knee and swelling of the calf clearly indicated. The right arm to arm in 177 appears be partially doubled; the real projects laterally runs from the body, while another loop down from the shoulder to the top not of the kilt. It is clear whether the appendage projecting downward from the kilt is part of the anatomy or the uniform, but it may be a humorous of a representation penis. wears a The figure apparently military garb, including checkerboard kilt/tunic from the waist down, a cuirass on the chest, and what appears to be banded mail above the cuirass to the very top of the neck. Checker no are boarded kilt representations have parallel in this period, and they rare or are in later times; the plain fringed kilt/tunic the normal types.79 No are on at human features recognizable the head all; the three loops shown to a some may be intended represent helmet of kind. A long painted blob, seems to runs which be part of the composition, through the belly bands a underneath the figure. Pieces of quirklike pattern can be seen to the left to on of the figure and next the handle the opposite side. There has been considerable speculation over the nature of this so or manner called naive styleless of drawing. Furumark believed itmust have some or mere intrinsic meaning purpose, beyond amusement, since it is outside the normal ceramic repertory.80 Along with Nilsson and Stubbings, scene on as a some he interpreted the the Circus Pot religious ritual of saw a kind, while Marinatos the crude representation of myth, and Dow an scene proposed everyday (though fancifully drawn) from the workshop a of chariot maker.81 Given the lack of comparative material, it is difficult to draw any definite conclusion, but the Tsoungiza and Zygouries pieces no con have readily apparent religious interpretation. One might wish to manner sider the of drawing in and of itself, for there are other classes of on occur ceramic objects which similar unsteadily drawn lines frequently: the handmade miniature vessels (FS 126), miniature terracotta furniture pieces, and many small terracotta figurines. It is uncertain whether these were some linked in way. Opinion has seemed to favor the notion that the was an or naive style of pot painting the product of inexperienced painter one to a of who reverted primitive style when working outside his normal

For the no. 78. example from Mycenae, 1928, p. 139, 10, fig. 131. 81. Furumark [1941] 1972, pp. 460 seeWace 79. The 1932, pp. 28-30, pis. XVIII, only representations of the 461; Stubbings 1947, p. 56; 1975; XIX:5. Furumark ([1941] 1972, checkerboarded tunic/kilt known to Nilsson 1950, p. 419;Marinatos 1964, me see pp. 459-461) dates it to LH IIIA2 date to LH IIIC; Vermeule and p. 9; Dow 1971. See also Vermeule and the associated material no. I on early, although Karageorghis 1982, p. 222, XI.44, Karageorghis 1982, pp. 80-81; rely in the tomb a date later in from account suggests (krater fragment Mycenae); Vermeule and Karageorghis's LH For no. XI.59 of Dow's since IIIA2. discussion and bibliog p. 223, (krater fragment 1971 paper, the publica see raphy, Vermeule and Karageorghis from Lefkandi). tion of abstracts from the 72nd General For the 1982, pp. 80-81,210. deep 80. Furumark [1941] 1972, pp. 459 Meeting of the Archaeological Institute bowl sherd from see 462. of America contains Zygouries, Biegen only the title. 492 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~-7 O~~

)

~~_16~~

~~lT 12~~

~~_16 16~~

~~13 14 16 15~~

~~20 i 18 \m ^n~~

~~17 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 493~~

17 bowls was to a Figure (opposite). Deep repertoire. Perhaps the style deliberately employed convey message 1-20 nos. or user (cat. 208-227) concerning the nature of the figure represented the of the pot. are The remaining deep bowls decorated with abstract patterns. Hori are zontally disposed motifs of linear type relatively popular. These include the FM 48 quirk (188,189; Fig. 16:2, 3) and the FM 53 wavy line (187, are 190; Fig. 16:1, 4). Spiraliform motifs also well represented, with the most on FM 46 running spiral being the popular, occurring eight specimens (194-196, Fig. 16:8-10).82The FM 51 stemmed spiral is also represented, case rather unusually in the of 199 (Fig. 16:13), where it is pendant from a the rim, perhaps alternating with series of stemmed spirals underneath. occurs on Another unusual rendering fragment 200 (Fig. 16:14); although worn, this sherd appears to preserve the tail of the FM 49 curve-stemmed a more spiral, motif at home in LHIIIA than LH IIIB.The FM 58 parallel chevrons (192, 193; Fig. 16:6, 7)83 and FM 62 tricurved arch (201, 202; occur some Fig. 16:15,16) also in quantity, with five and eight examples as observed, respectively. Filling patterns such sideways U motifs and the sea anemone are seems FM 27 usually present. Sherd 203 (Fig. 16:17) to a represent the only deep bowl with tricurved arch with multiple outlines. worn a Three badly sherds from deep bowl (191, Fig. 16:5) with the a FM 73 lozenge arranged in linked chain, running horizontally through are are more the decorative zone, peculiar. Such chains frequently found as or narrow zones vertical fills in the interior of triglyphs in the body of small stirrup jars. a The linear decoration of the deep bowls exhibits only few peculiari some ties. The most noticeable is that specimens bear the characteristic a linear decoration of the stemmed bowl (FS 304,305), that is, painted rim on case with another band underneath the exterior. This is definitely the on 187 (Fig. 16:1) and probably also on 188 (Fig. 16:2), 190 (Fig. 16:4), and 230 (Fig. 15:13). Three of the four specimens (the exception is 230) cm or have relatively small rim diameters (12 less); this is significantly small er cm than the average for the stemmed bowl, which is rarely less than 16 more cm and commonly in the 18-20 range. This small rim diameter is the a basis for attributing 188 and 190 to FS 284.84 The presence of line group zone at the base of the decorated is another supporting consideration, since stemmed bowls from this deposit regularly have two bands at the base of a the decorated zone, not line group (see below, Figs. 20-22). Since the on linear syntax the rim described above is usually considered diagnostic of the stemmed bowl, in future studies specimens with rim diameters sig nificantly less than the stemmed bowl standard of over 17 cm should be as evaluated possible deep bowls.85

82. For 194, cf.Wardle 1969, p. 275, fig. 200;Wardle 1969, p. 275, no. 47), Its attribution to FS 284 must be re no. 51. as the FM 18 hybrid flower (cf.Mount garded tentative. 83. vol. no. 85. This account for a Note that the drawing of 192 joy 1999, 1, pp. 551-552, 245, may number shows the chevron FM of that have been as only preserved fig. 200), and 58 parallel chevron pieces published were groups; it is unclear what patterns groups (cf.Wardle 1969, p. 275, stemmed bowls but seem far too small in the center of the field. Pos no. to fit on a one present 44). stemmed base; example a sibilities include paneled pattern 84. The profile of 230 (Fig. 15:13) published byWardle (1969, p. 277, is more consistent with no. of a with central triglyph (cf.Mountjoy the profile of 76) has the banding stemmed vol. no. a than a cm. 1999, 1, pp. 142-143, 270, deep bowl of stemmed bowl, bowl, but its rim diameter is only 9 and no. the rim cm. fig. 35, pp. 551-552, 249, despite large diameter of 20 494 PATRICK M. THOMAS

to Every other deep bowl in this deposit belongs the Group A type,86 a narrow on an with single, relatively band the rim and interior that is a unpainted except for the frequent presence of band under the rim and on occur concentric circles the base floor. The Group B deep bowl does not in the Tsoungiza deposit. This type, which is diagnostic of LH IIIB2, is a cm or more on distinguished by broad band (3 in width) the exterior of a the rim and solidly painted interior.87 The rosette bowl, which likewise appears for the first time in LH IIIB2, is also absent.88 The most variable feature in the linear decoration of the Tsoungiza zone. deep bowls is the banding at the base of the patterned In every instance where this area is preserved, there are at least two bands or lines (233, Fig. 15:16; 217, Fig. 17:10); the contrast with Mycenae andTiryns, occur where single bands frequently at the base of the zone, is notable.89 to occur most Multiple lines, ranging from three six in number, frequently. on on Examples of three lines maybe found 195 (Fig. 16:9), four lines 177, on on 178, and 182 (Fig. 15:1,2,6), five lines 210 (Fig. 17:3), and six lines are 231 (Fig. 15:14) and 207 (Fig. 16:21). Even greater numbers of lines some cases represented in (e.g., 179, Fig. 15:3, with eight lines). The lines or are same some cases bands in these groups usually of the width, but in one or more are of them, rarely two, considerably wider than the others. are or These invariably the upper lowermost elements of the group (187, Fig. 16:1; 201, Fig. 16:15; 209, Fig. 17:2). It would be interesting to know whether this variability has sig nificance, for given the highly structured nature of Mycenaean ceramic decoration, it seems curious that such freedom was exercised. The varia or tions in line numbers may indicate particular potters workshops. Lin ear decoration on the base is also variable. Some vessels have a reserved a area on the lowest part of the base and band above (209, 217; Fig. are 17:2,10); others solidly painted (232, Fig. 15:15; 187, Fig. 16:1; 208, are Fig. 17:1).90 Unpainted bases (192, Fig. 16:6) much less frequent.

terms A" a 86. The "Group and with series of dots, and the handles were or "Group B" coined by French frequently have five six splashes to terms (1969, p. 74) replace the instead of the usual three. It is impor "Open Style" and "Filled Style" used by tant to note that no dotted rims are were in Wace when the types first recog present this deposit. nized; seeWace 1957. 89. Cf. Wardle 1969, p. 274, nos. 87. No sherds with the character 45-47, 50; Mountjoy 1976, istic rim were nos. broad band identified. pp. 88-89, 45-49, figs. 6, 7; French or nos. All of the sherdswith patterned 1967, p. 156, 53-811 and 53-812, a linear decoration and solidly painted fig. 7; Sch?nfeld 1988, p. 171, fig. 3:11; as interior may be plausibly identified p. 177, fig. 6:10,11. Single-banded are stemmed bowls. LH IIIB deep bowls also known 88. The term "rosette bowl" was from Attica (Benzi 1975, p. 242, to no. coined byWardle (1973, p. 314) 219, from Kopretsa) and Boiotia a of nos. describe group deep bowls charac (Orchomenos V, p. 77, 116,125, a no. terized by either single large FM 27 127,133, from Schimatari; p. 92, 99, sea anemone or FM 73 lozenge painted from Eutresis). in the center of the face. Linear decora 90. Disk bases in this group appear tion is rim is to suppressed; the painted always have been solidly painted. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 495

areas at The three-splash handle, with painted the base and highest common part of each, is overwhelmingly the most type. Solidly painted occur more handles occasionally (183, Fig. 15:7). A few handles have than three splashes of paint, usually five (178, Fig. 15:2).

~~Deep Conical Bowl and Deep Conical Spouted Bowl FS 290, 300, 301~~

a common The deep conical bowl in its various forms is not shape in this deposit, accounting for less than 1% of the patterned sherds and 0.5% of all painted sherds. This low frequency is paralleled at other sites. The are or three Furumark shapes distinguished only by the presence absence a a of spout and by their handle types. FS 290 lacks spout and has two horizontal loop handles. FS 300 is spouted and has two horizontal loop handles. FS 301 is also spouted but has two horizontal strap handles. The are first two types quite variable in size, while the last is generally quite are a small. They otherwise similar in shape, having conical body with a or convex a convex a flat slightly base, upper profile, and downsloping lip. can or The spout be bridged unbridged, but in the larger examples it is usually bridged. more common on Linear decoration is than patterned decoration some these types, although the rim frequently has kind of encircling pat tern on its upper surface. Two of the three patterned specimens have only one case this decoration, the FM 64 foliate band in and FM 58 parallel on chevrons in the other. Vessel 240 (Fig. 18:3) has the FM 60 N-pattern its rim, while 242 (Fig. 18:5) has concentric lines.91 The only example with a zone pattern in the decorative under the rim is 240 (Fig. 18:3), which has or as either the FM 46 running spiral the FM 62 tricurved arch its main as a pattern, along with the FM 43 isolated semicircles subsidiary pattern pendant from the band under the rim. on The linear decoration theTsoungiza specimens is typical of the type. seen As in 238 (Fig. 18:1),92 the body is divided into two zones, formed or or a by two three base bands, two bands line group under the handles, a on or and band under the rim. The underside of the base regularly has concentric circles similar to those found on the bases of alabastra and are a mugs. The edges of the spout painted, and there is usually painted loop running around its base at the junction with the body.

~~91. Note that the rim of 240 is Linear Basin FS 294~~

distorted by the articulation with the The linear basin FS 294 is the variant of a better spout. painted shape represented l:e. in the fraction. It first in LH IIIBI but it is not 92.Cf.Wacel953,p. 13, pi. unpainted appears deposits, 93. This is to accounts contrary Mountjoy common.93 In the Tsoungiza deposit, it for only 0.2% of all painted (1986, p. 133), who maintains that it occur sherds, and similarly low percentages elsewhere. Complete published was introduced in LH IIIB2. are examples few, but it is clear that there is considerable variation in the 94. SeeMountjoy 1986, pp. 131 which ranges from shallow to The 133, for examples. general profile, relatively quite deep.94 rim is thick 95. For 237, cf.Wardle 1969, p. 278, usually and heavy, with the lip sometimes downsloping (235, no. 57. or or Fig. 18:7) occasionally everted pointed (237, Fig. 18:9).95 The basin 496 PATRICK M. THOMAS

^3?*

~~_36 25?~~

~~17? ?/3~~

~~10cm A OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI DEPOSIT POTTERY 497~~

18 conical a as are Figure (opposite). Spouted has ring base, in 236 (Fig. 18:8), and two horizontal strap handles bowls 1-6 (cat. nos. 238-243), linear attached at the rim. basins 7-9 (cat. nos. 235-237) on Only linear decoration is encountered this shape. A relatively broad on band is placed the rim exterior. No piece in this deposit preserves the nor two bands typically found underneath the handles, does the sole base, 236, exhibit the usual band just above the base. The interior maybe solidly painted; four of the five identifiable pieces exhibit this treatment (e.g., 235 and 236; Fig. 18:7, 8).

~~Stemmed Bowl FS 304, 305~~

accounts The stemmed bowl for 15.6% of all patterned sherds in this de common posit, making it the second-most patterned shape, occurring with approximately half the frequency of deep bowls. When linear and solidly are painted sherds taken into account, however, the stemmed bowl becomes common the most identifiable decorated shape in this deposit, making up 20.6% of the total painted sherds, considerably greater than the figure of 12.2% observed for the deep bowl FS 284. This proportion is higher than the published LH IIIBI deposits from Mycenae, where the stemmed room bowl accounts for, at most, 11% of the total painted sherds (in the 22 deposit), and usually less (2.3% of the patterned sherds in the Prehistoric room Cemetery deposit and 1.5% of all painted sherds in the 3 deposit).96 In his treatment of the LH IIIBI deposit from Korakou, however, Rutter a found comparably high percentage of stemmed bowls (17.5% of total can patterned sherds, 16.8% of total painted sherds).97 No precise figures be recent calculated from the Tiryns excavations, but it does not appear that was as common as or 96.Mountjoy 1976, p. 109.With the stemmed bowl there atTsoungiza Korakou.98 It is to the low a regard extremely percentage not clear whether these variations reflect local preference, the functional room 3 at reported for the deposit My cases context of the deposits, or, in the of Tsoungiza and Korakou, the cenae, it should be noted that Wardle hierarchical position of the site. Since the stemmed bowl is a somewhat did not attempt to distinguish body the on sherds of stemmed bowls from those of sturdier vessel than deep bowl, it might have been preferred sites were where the decorated was from a distance. deep bowls; all of these included pottery brought in the totals for bowls treatment deep (Mountjoy Furumark's of stemmed bowl shapes is not particularly n. 1976, p. 90, 29). The stemmed bowl a detailed. FS 303 is large variant with very few more common published examples.99 is somewhat during the Vessel 244 14:17), of the stem and base, is the LH IIIB2 where it accounts for (Fig. represented by part period, in the and its to in only 7.1% of the total painted sherds the suspected example Tsoungiza deposit, assignment FS 303 can be tentative. Furumark between the stemmed Tiryns West Wall deposit, 3.7% of the only distinguished and 14.8% LH IIIA Mycenae Causeway deposit, bowls of and IIIB, calling the former FS 304 and the latter of Perseia the Mycenae Trench deposit. FS 305. The main differences between them are that FS 304 has a more 97. Rutter 104. 1974, p. The figure distinct or rounded and a more conical lower than FS is since pointed lip body probably considerably higher, the lower of FS 305 has a similar to that of the a 305; body profile very number of the linear and solidly bowl FS 284.100 For based on its and lower 254 painted sherds had been discarded. deep example, lip body, See also the discussion in n. 70 of the (Fig. 19:10) is probably FS 304, while 245 (Fig. 19:1), with its small of Rutter's of more convex implications category rounded lip and lower body, is FS 305. In practice, however, sherds either to bowls belonging deep it is difficult to make an easy distinction between these vessels in sherd or stemmed bowls. material, and the two shapes grade into each other. The stemmed bowls 98. See Sch?nfeld 1988, table 1, in this exhibit a wide of from those that are variants 8,14,19,20, 32. deposit fairly range lips, barely discernible to short everted are 99. Furumark [1941] 1972, p. 637. examples. The upper body profiles usually 638. or are 100. Furumark [1941] 1972, p. slightly closed nearly vertical. The two horizontal loop handles not 498 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~_15 19~~

~~I \~~

~~oy j~~

~~W7 12 1~~

~~10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 499~~

19 Stemmed bowls Figure (opposite). easily differentiated from those of the deep bowl, although they may be 1-13 nos. (cat. 245-257) somewhat thicker.101 The stemmed bases, however, are easily recognized; a can selection of typical examples be seen in Figure 21:6-11. are The stemmed bowls in the Tsoungiza deposit most often solidly on con painted the interior and exterior. This decoration is sometimes sidered characteristic of LH IIIA2, but it iswell represented in LH IIIB as deposits well.102 Sch?nfeld is probably correct in stating that it reached its peak frequency early in LH IIIB.103 The examples illustrated here, are 292-303 (Fig. 22:1-12), show the range of lips found. They usually are painted red, although reddish brown and occasionally black examples seen. a also Stemmed bowl 304 (Fig. 22:13) is rather unusual piece that may more be earlier than most of the deposit. The rim is heavier and everted than normal, the exterior is solidly painted, and although the interior is quite worn, it appears to have banding rather than solid paint. are The FM 75 paneled patterns the most favored motif, with roughly 52% of the patterned stemmed bowls having these patterns. The most common variant is the type with the FM 43 isolated semicircles filling the are panels (258,260-269; Fig. 20:1,3-12).104 The triglyphs usually groups as of vertical lines only, although interior fills, such the FM 57 net (264, are Fig. 20:7) and FM 25 bivalve shell (260, Fig. 20:3) also encountered. The number of concentric semicircles in each group ranges from as few as two to as as three is the most common number.105 many six, although common as The other variant employs only triglyphs its decoration; these can as be broad (259, Fig. 20:2; note the arrow fringe well) or narrow (270, a Fig. 20:13; FM 61 zigzag interior fill). There is single example of the as a FM 50 antithetic spiral being used panel decoration (271, Fig. 20:14). This is also the only sherd in the deposit to have an isolated semicircle group along the edge of the triglyph.106 common The second-most pattern, found on roughly 16% of the pat terned pieces, is the FM 46 running spiral (245-248, Fig. 19:l-4).107The a a as spirals usually terminate in plain end, but few examples such 245 have at are rather large circular blobs the ends. Other spiraliform patterns also encountered, including, somewhat surprisingly, the FM 49 curve-stemmed a more spiral (253, Fig. 19:9), pattern at home in LH IIIA.This example, is drawn in a stiff fashion. The third-most common however, peculiarly on pattern is the wavy band, found 14% of the patterned sherds (287-291, Fig. 22:14-18). Like the solidly painted stemmed bowls, examples with are a are this decoration often considered LH IIIA2 type,108 but they quite

101.Mountjoy 1986, p. 119. 103. Sch?nfeld 1988, p. 169. 106. The interior band at the belly 104. For of it 102. Cf. Mountjoy 1986, p. 92; purposes counting, the makes quite unlikely that this body see also French 162 comes a 1965, p. (Dromos FM 43 isolated semicircles and FM 50 sherd from deep bowl. are as Tomb 505), p. 177 (AtreusTerrace), antithetic spiral treated the main 107. For 248, cf. Rutter 1974, p. 47, 190 under the House of FM 75 are no. 63. p. (terrace patterns; paneled patterns A LH treated as the the Shields). deposit of IIIA2 subsidiary pattern. 108. Cf. Mountjoy 1986, p. 92. (early) pottery from EU 9 atTsoungiza 105. One example, 258 (Fig. 20:1), French (1965, p. 178) considers the shows that and is for a as a solidly painted kylikes extremely small stemmed bowl, wavy band disintegration of the were common in a rim stemmed bowls very with diameter of only 12 cm; it has tentacles of the FM 21 octopus, but the the a not that period, and popularity of these close parallel from Mycenae (Wardle evolution of the pattern is clear. It vessels remained well no. It is to as a evidently high 1969, p. 276, 76). possible that may be better consider it motif are in its own into LH IIIB. both of these deep bowls instead. right. 5?? PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~23 ^^^^ ?...!JU~~

~~9 i~~

~~JLm i 28?~~

~~I .1W. 12~~

~~cri~~

~~\ iJH^V)^^^ ;~~

~~10cm ) A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 501~~

20 Stemmed bowls common at Figure (opposite). in LH IIIBI, appearing prominently in the East Alley deposit 1-19 nos. one (cat. 258-276) Korakou and in of the published LH IIIBI groups from Mycenae.109 Stemmed bowls with this pattern also frequently have solidly painted interiors, as in 288 and 291. on ca. Next in frequency is the FM 62 tricurved arch, occurring 11% to are of the patterned examples (274-276, Fig. 20:17-19). Three six lines on used to outline the arches, contrasting with the deep bowls which only one or are are two lines used. Fill ornaments common, the most frequent being FM 43 isolated semicircles attached to the bands framing the deco rative zone, as on 275 and 276.no less are on one to three Other, common, patterns represented examples. One is the FM 18 hybrid flower (254,255,257; Fig. 19:10,11,13). Vessel a a 254 is particularly fine piece with two horned flowers flanking central was as a flower. On 257, the hybrid flower used panel decoration. Also found are the FM 58 parallel chevrons (277, Fig. 21:1), FM 61 vertical zigzag (278,Fig. 21:2), FM 48 quirk (279,Fig. 21:3), andFM 45 U-pattern (280, a a Fig. 21:4; this appears in very restricted decorative zone). There are few as as oddities well, such 256 (Fig. 19:12) and 281 (Fig. 21:5), the latter a a having peculiar rim and what may have been intended as tricurved arch linked by parallel chevrons. The linear decoration is fairly standardized. The lip of the rim is a on regularly painted, and second band is placed just under the rim the exterior.111This second band is the easiest way to distinguish stemmed bowl a rims from those of the deep bowl, although small number of deep bowls some to have it too; rather diminutive examples assigned the stemmed as bowl, such 258 (Fig. 20:1), might in fact be deep bowls. This type of rim banding is overwhelmingly the most common, but another kind is present as well, one with a broad band at the rim and no second band underneath (248, Fig. 19:4; 261, Fig. 20:4; 264, Fig. 20:7; 291, Fig. 22:18). This vari ant not seem to at does be present Mycenae, but Rutter recognized it at as Korakou, did Sch?nfeld atTiryns.112 case a In every where sufficient portion of the body is preserved, the zone on base of the decorative the Tsoungiza stemmed bowls seems to have two not a on been formed by bands, line group. At Mycenae and Tiryns, the other hand, fine line groups are common. A fine line group is often as on placed between these bands and the top of the stem, 254 (Fig. 19:10). or The base and stem typically have two three bands. Paint on the interior a more a is quite common; sizable percentage, perhaps than third, have a second band below the rim on the interior, and a number have interior banding at approximately the belly level. The base area above the stem

109. Rutter 1974, p. 84; French 111. Some of the stemmed bowls in (LH IIIA2/B1); p. 513, nos. P3819, this to 63. 1966, p. 226. Sch?nfeld (1988, p. 166) deposit appear have unpainted P3820, and pp. 609-610, fig. 9-62, correct in In most I may be suggesting that this rims. of these cases, suspect 112. Rutter 1974, p. 83; Sch?nfeld that the has worn variant 17. to type had its floruit in early LH IIIB. paint simply away. 1988, table 1, According 110. Note that 267 and 268 C. Shelmerdine (pers. comm.) notes, Rutter, however, this kind of rim band concentric semi that stemmed bowls is associated a inte (Fig. 20:10,11) have however, having with solidly painted circles rim that a band below a rim were at it is pendant from the only painted rior, while Tsoungiza found with with a at either or could be associated tricurved found Nichoria: Shelmerdine 1992, plain solidly painted interiors. no. and arch pattern. p. 504, P3755 p. 599, fig. 9-52 5o2 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~10cm~~

~~Figure 21. Stemmed bowls 1-8 (cat. nos. 277-284), 9-11 (cat. nos. 305,285,286) A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 503~~

~~19 20 18 19 19~~

~~23 14 20~~

~~14-15 16 18~~

~~J6 _ 17~~

~~15 16 14~~

~~_18 J8~~

~~I 18 17 =1~~

~~10cm~~

~~Figure 22. Stemmed bowls 1-13 (cat. nos. 292-304), 14-18 (cat. nos. 287-291) 504 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~i I~~

~~/ / m ^~~

~~S'"\ \ O~~

~~5 0 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 505~~

23 Larnax 1 one or two as are Figure (opposite). usually has bands well. Solidly painted interiors also no. miscellaneous common on on ca. (cat. 1), patterned fairly patterned stemmed bowls, occurring 11% of the vessels 2,3 (cat. nos. 18,35), or patterned linear sherds. 4 no. unpainted krater (cat. 398), to From the identifiable handles belonging stemmed bowls, it ap askos 5 no. unpainted (cat. 309) was pears that the three-splash handle nearly universal for the patterned one or two examples. Only solidly painted handles could be associated with to the patterned pieces; the remainder clearly belonged the solidly painted stemmed bowls.

~~Miscellaneous Painted Vessels~~

a Only two painted pieces present any real puzzle. Sherd 18 (Fig. 23:2) has very highly polished interior and exterior, and thus it is not clear whether came a or an it from large closed open vessel; the stance is also uncertain. seems The pattern to represent part of the FM 63 hatched loop, uncom mon so in LH IIIB, and this piece may be much earlier than the bulk of a some the deposit. Sherd 35 (Fig. 23:3), from closed vessel of kind, is a an an probably jug decorated with octopus pattern. Sherd 306, from a are alabastron, and 307, from Vapheio cup, date to LH II and among to an the few sizable patterned sherds assignable earlier period; neither has been illustrated.

~~UNPAINTED VESSELS~~

The unpainted pottery constitutes the great bulk of the pit 1 deposit (Table 1). account The following presents the types of vessels generally found in each coarse. of the three major unpainted fractions, fine, medium-coarse, and Certain types, however, noticeably the large jug/amphora/hydria, regularly fall into two or even three of the fractions, and so it seems reasonable to cases discuss these together. The discussion will of necessity be somewhat coarse vague concerning specific shapes in the medium-coarse and fractions as not these include vessel types that have previously been studied much. note The reader should also that, in calculating percentages inTables 5-7, the numbers of feature sherds are not num only unpainted used, the total ber of unpainted sherds, since it is not practical to assign body sherds to particular types.

~~Fine Fraction~~

were The fine fraction contains vessels that probably employed in the consumption of food and drink. These constitute, by number, the great majority of the unpainted features, 71.3% in all. The fine wares are variable in the color of the paste and slip, with the surfaces ranging or from nearly white greenish white to buff to orange. The paste is very are so well sorted, and the inclusions, when visible, usually small that it is were questionable whether they introduced deliberately. The surfaces are mostly of the self-slipped kind, with well-smoothed exteriors and a interiors. Only small number of the fine sherds could be said to have polished surfaces. PATRICK M. 506 THOMAS

~~TABLE 5. UNPAINTED FINE FRACTION: FREQUENCY OF VESSEL SHAPES~~

~~53 ^ IH * I Hi Jih u I J?l M Hihi il1,~~

~~? Rim 2 10 77 28 320 246 9 130 11 4 14 17 7 88 3 50 17 3 1?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 Spout ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Handle 11 1 28 219 16 3 3 11 5 82 4 2 5 7~~

~~? ? ? ? ? ? Base 4 29 5 2 440 2 8 8 31 1 13 3 67 20 1 16~~

~~Total 6 10 117 6 58 320 246 9 1,065 29 15 22 51 8 112 11 199 41 5 1 6 25~~

% of Fine Features 0.3 0.4 5.0 0.3 2.5 13.5 10.4 0.4 45.1 1.2 0.6 0.9 2.2 0.3 4.7 0.5 8.4 1.7 0.2 <0.1 0.3 1.1 % of All Features 0.2 0.3 3.5 0.2 1.8 9.7 7.4 0.3 32.2 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.2 3.4 0.3 6.0 1.2 0.2 <0.1 0.2 0.8

~~are on = Frequencies based sample after mending. Unpainted fine-fraction body sherds 6,806.~~

a The fine fraction has limited number of shapes (Table 5). The only common are closed shapes the large jug/amphora/hydria, the small jug, and the small amphora. Open shapes, which constitute roughly 90% of the a fine features, exhibit greater range, but the kylix in its various forms is a overwhelmingly the most prevalent, with cups running poor second, and dippers, basins, and various bowls occurring far less often. This is in general anecdotal agreement with the proportions found elsewhere, although very are few groups available for rigorous comparison; it has often been the not practice to jettison unpainted sherds that could be mended.113

~~Large Jug/Amphora/Hydria FS 69/105/128~~

case As is the with their painted counterparts, the jug, amphora, and cannot are so hydria be distinguished unless their handles present, and as a are they must be treated single group. These shapes found in all three of the fabric fractions, although examples in the fine fabric predominate, even followed by those in the medium-coarse range, with fewer examples coarse in the fabric. The shapes of the vessels made in each fabric type do were not appear to differ significantly, and the surfaces in all fractions well so coarse not smoothed, that even the examples do have the "oatmeal" ap in pearance generally associated with other vessels this fraction. The finer were as vessels and the coarser ones specimens probably employed serving two 113. Note that only published for can be said about the of the storage. Nothing approximate proportions deposits fromMycenae (Wardle 1973, or because the was so The of jug amphora deposit fragmentary. quantities p. 322;Mountjoy 1976, p.HI) have it detailed counts of sherds. horizontal loop handles associated with the hydria make clear that this unpainted A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 507

was shape present in abundance. The hydria handle type made up 29 of the 82 handles in the fine fraction, 21 of the 55 in the medium-coarse fraction, coarse and 10 of the 30 in the fraction. The large jug/amphora/hydria is common by far the most closed shape, accounting for 8.4% of the total fine features, 14.8% of the medium-coarse features, 19.5% of the coarse features, and roughly 10% of the total unpainted features. The large jug/amphora/hydria is easily recognized by its tall, flaring or neck and thick squared rounded lip. Examples 310-321 (Fig. 24:1-12) il lustrate the range of rim types seen. The rim diameters vary between 10 and cm. are no 14 There consistent differences between the rim profiles from were unpainted and painted jugs. Necks and rims made separately from the one never en bodies and then attached. Because of this process, virtually a counters neck fragment still attached to the shoulder, since the joint breaks are easily. Handles always of the loop variety, and the upper end always vase are joins the at the rim. The bases either of the flat (326, Fig. 24:17), or slightly hollowed (329, Fig. 24:20), raised disk type (328, Fig. 24:19). The deposit provides little information concerning the body profiles.

~~Small Jug FS 109, Small Amphora FS 67~~

are These types found only in the fine fraction. Together, they constitute approximately 1.7% of the fine features and 1.2% of the total features. The are same as rims and necks of the jug of the variety those of the larger forms, are although the lips usually of the thick rounded type rather than the seem squared type. The Tsoungiza bases to be exclusively of the flat variety, was on although the raised disk base also employed this type elsewhere.114 at a The small amphora FS 67 appears low but consistent frequency in at to are LH IIIBI deposits, and least six eight examples present in the a a Tsoungiza deposit.115 This type is characterized by flaring rim with either or no slight rounded lip lip and by two vertical strap handles from the middle to of the neck the shoulder; vessels 324 and 325 (Fig. 24:15,16) illustrate the are rim and handle articulation. The bases from these small amphoras gener can ally flat and be confused with those from FS 109, but 327 (Fig. 24:18) to come is likely from FS 67 because of its ovoid body.116

~~Askos FS 195~~

one was Only askos (309, Fig. 23:5) found in this deposit. Although frag on a mentary, it could be reconstructed paper. This is never common shape 114. Cf. Wardle 1969, p. 282, in domestic deposits, but it appears sporadically from LH IIA through no. 86. LH IIIC.117 The three vertical strap handles around the of this vessel 115. Substantial numbers of these belly be more decorative than as it is difficult to fit a were may functional, quite finger amphoras recovered from the at into the between the handle and the of the vase. Another West House Mycenae (French 1967, space body pos to p. 172). See alsoWace 1932, pi. XLV sibility is that the handles served suspend the askos with cords. (Tomb 525.3); Biegen 1937, vol. 2, no. 510, fig. 315;Wardle 1969, p. 282, no. 85. Other Closed Shapes 116. FS 109 typically has amore Other closed are not common. The FS 45) globular body. shapes piriform jar (probably 117. Cf. Furumark [1941] 1972, constitutes under 0.5% of the unpainted fine features; one base (308, p. 617. Fig. 4:10) has been illustrated. Also encountered is the collar-necked jar PATRICK M. THOMAS 5o8

~~13-14 I I0-M~~

~~u 1 7~~

~~12-13 I~~

~~r n r 7 0 \t 10~~

~~/ 13~~

~~II 12~~

* 7 14 16 F 15

~~10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 509~~

24 can to Figure (opposite). Unpainted jugs FS 75, but only three rims and two lugs be assigned it.The five stir and one are juglets 1-14,17,19,20 (cat. rup jar handles and base noted in Table 5 quite small, and they nos. 310-323,326,328,329), small come probably from decorated vases. nos. amphoras 15,16,18 (cat. 324, 325,327) Cups FS 204, 220, 222, and Others

common The cup in various forms is the second-most unpainted open shape in the Tsoungiza deposit, accounting for approximately 5% of the fine open features and 3.5% of all unpainted features. Cups almost invariably fall into one to the fine fraction, with only example assigned the medium-coarse are uncommon category. Painted cups in LH IIIB mainland deposits but never the unpainted variety appears in quantity, although it approaches the frequency of the kylix. are Three basic kinds of cup represented in this deposit: the conical cup FS 204,118 the semiglobular cup FS 220, and the shallow cup FS 222. The conical cup is the lineal descendant of the Minoan conical cup, and a it is characterized by conical body and lipless rim. The semiglobular cup a a FS 220 has comparatively deep semiglobular body, raised disk base, a a and rim that generally has slight lip. The shallow cup FS 222 tends to a a no have shallow conical lower body, rounded upper profile, and defined to lip. In practice, it is sometimes difficult distinguish among these shapes some are in sherd material. The rims of conical cups similar to the lipless rims of the FS 222 shallow cup; the flat or disk bases of both types are same as are more roughly the size well, although FS 222 bases likely to be can slightly hollowed. Cup rims also be difficult to distinguish from those a cm or of kylikes, although the cup usually has rim diameter of 12 less. Cup handles also resemble the oval strap handles of kylikes. Only 10 rims could be assigned to the conical cup FS 204. These constitute under 0.5% of the fine unpainted features. Cups 342 and 343 are most (Fig. 25:11, 12) the complete possible examples. Although 342 a a has complete profile, only small part of the vessel is preserved, and it an could alternatively be example of the shallow cup. The numbers of coni were cal cups reported in other LH IIIB deposits vary considerably. They common room at at quite in the 22 deposit Mycenae, but scarcely present room all in the 3 deposit.119 The semiglobular cup FS 220 is most easily recognized by its raised can disk base and the shape of the body. The rim be extremely similar to or that of the smaller of the rounded kylikes of the shallow cup. The only a nearly complete profile preserved is 333 (Fig. 25:2), poorly thrown vessel a that is lopsided and has peculiar pinched lip. Cups 340 and 341 (Fig. 25:9, 10) probably also belong to this type. The vertical handle is not preserved, a on but each vessel has tiny lug the exterior. Although not common, such are lugs also encountered in other LH IIIB deposits at Tsoungiza. The come bases 348 and 349 (Fig. 25:17,18) definitely from semiglobular cups. 118. This is termed the are usually The sunken interior floors interesting, since Mountjoy claims such in "lipless bowl" British publications. are bases diagnostic of LH IIIA2 Base 345 25:14), 119.Wardle painted cups.120 (Fig. 1969, p. 282;Mountjoy not a a which does have sunken floor, is also probably from cup, although 1976, p. 95. it an 120. could be from bowl. Vessel 347 25:16) Mountjoy 1986, p. 84; accord possibly unpainted deep (Fig. is a the a ing toMountjoy (1986, p. 116), the curiosity; profile suggests this may be FS 214, which has slightly sunken floors do not occur in LH IIIBI. on closed upper body. Vessel 346 (Fig. 25:15) appears the basis of the 5io PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~V7 7 V7 r? /~~

~~y 107~~

~~12y~~

~~13 14 15~~

~~vs. l ^L 16 I?~~

~~17 19~~

~~0 5 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 511~~

~~25 to to a Figure (opposite). Unpainted cups inner body diameter belong cup, although the handle placement is 1-19 (cat. nos. 332-350) unusual.~~

The shallow cup FS 222 seems to be slightly more common than the semiglobular cup. The nearly complete profile of 332 (Fig. 25:1) borders on being carinated rather than rounded. This cup is also notable for its exceedingly thin body walls and brittle orange fabric, neither of which is encountered elsewhere in the deposit. Cups 334-338 (Fig. 25:3-7) illustrate some the range of rim types; the similarity to the conical cup is obvious in cases. The base is illustrated by 344 (Fig. 25:13). Also included with the cups is 350 (Fig. 25:19). It is not clear whether was convex or was a nor a the base joined to raised disk, whether handle was present. If the base was convex, the cup could be FS 227. If it had a raised disk base, itmay be an example of FS 231.

~~Mug FS 225, 226~~

a are Only few unpainted mugs present in this deposit. They account for a less than 0.25% of the fine unpainted features, number that is consistent were were with theMycenae deposits.121 No rims identified, but five bases are found, four of which, 351-354, illustrated (see above, Fig. 10:15-18). a are One, 351, has grooved waist and base; the others plain.

~~Dipper FS 236~~

are Unpainted dippers the third-most popular open shape after the kylix account and cup. They for approximately 2.5% of the unpainted fine fea tures and 1.8% of all unpainted features. In this deposit, the dipper always sorts into the fine fraction.

A fairly wide range of sizes and body profiles exists, but the single as high-swung handle is diagnostic, is the very small raised (356, Fig. 26:2) or convex (355, 358; Fig. 26:1, 4) base. The dippers themselves have two a basic profiles: small, rather deep semiglobular shape, often closing toward the rim (355,356,359,360; Fig. 26:1,2,5,6), and a larger, shallower semi a globular shape with widely flaring and lipless rim (357, 358, 361-365; Fig. 26:3, 4, 7-11). Two of the latter kind, 361 and 365, have small plastic to case on knobs added the body exterior. As is the with the lugs the cups, not were or it is clear whether these functional simply decorative.

~~Kylix FS 265/266, 267, 274~~

The unpainted kylix in its diverse forms is by far the most common vessel as in the Tsoungiza pit 1 deposit, it is in virtually all LH III deposits. Most a of the kylix sherds fall into the fine fraction, although small number of sherds fall into the medium-coarse category. Kylikes account for nearly 70% of the fine unpainted features, 2.9% of the medium-coarse features, and over 50% of all features. Three basic forms 121. Cf.Wardle 1969, p. 285; slightly unpainted kylix are found in LH IIIB. One is the rounded FS which has a Wardle 1973, p. 322;Mountjoy 1976, kylix 265/266, p. 98. conical lower body, rounded bowl, slight lip, and two vertical strap handles. 512 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~7 7~~

~~10 10cm "7 7~~

Figure 26. Unpainted dippers 1-11 a (cat. nos. 355-365) The second is the angular kylix FS 267, which has carinated shoulder, no or a a rim with lip only slight one, and single vertical strap handle. The a no third is the conical kylix FS 274, which has conical body and either or a lip very slight rounded one. The angular kylix is easily distinguished two from the other types by its distinctive carination. As Wardle notes,122 however, Furumark's shape divisions do not convey the range of profiles encountered in the conical and rounded types, making it appear that greater uniformity exists than actually is the case. All of the kylikes from were the Potter's Shop at Zygouries assigned by Furumark to FS 274, for example, despite the great range of actual profiles.123 FS 274 is reserved to no convex here for the kylikes that have conical profiles from stem rim, are shoulder, and rims without lips; the borderline specimens assigned to a the rounded shapes. In addition, large category of unclassified kylikes are no had to be created because there systematic differences between the shapes of the handles, stems, and bases of the three kylix types, and because very small rim sherds cannot otherwise be classified. Based on a count of the rims (see Table 5), it appears that the rounded common 122. Wardle 289. kylix is the most type in this deposit, although the angular kylix 1969, p. occurs 123. Furumark [1941] 1972, also quite frequently. The true conical kylix FS 274 is very scarce, with for see two or p. 632; profiles, Thomas 1992, only nine rims identified; at least three of those could in fact belong pp. 597-602, 64-69. to the conical FS 204. This is in with that figs. cup pattern rough agreement 124. Cf.Wardle 1969, p. 288; of the the conical is uncommon published Mycenae deposits; kylix there, Wardle 1973, p. 322;Mountjoy 1976, are 111. and the rounded and angular varieties both found in large quantities.124 p. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 513

FS 274 appears only at the beginning of LH IIIB,125 and it becomes increas common ingly in the later stages of LH IIIB2 and LH IIIC. Its relative can a paucity in the Tsoungiza deposit perhaps be taken to indicate date or early in the period, it could be related, again, to the hierarchical position are of the site, since conical kylikes often exceptionally well thrown and polished. a The angular kylix FS 267 is slightly smaller shape overall than the conical or rounded forms; it has a rim diameter in the 10-15 cm range. Kylikes 366-376 (Fig. 27:1-11) illustrate the range of rims observed. The measure body profiles above the angular shoulders vary in height, but the ments to cm. or tend cluster around 2 The rims either spread flare quite some a are noticeably, ending in distinct rounded lip, while others virtu ally lipless. In earlier deposits at Tsoungiza, many of the profiles of this are or so shape either vertical slanting slightly inward above the shoulder, seen a the outward flare in the LH IIIB examples may perhaps be rough chronological indicator. The rounded kylikes generally have the deep conical bodies and some not rounded shoulders of FS 265 (or of Furumark's FS 274 examples), convex the shallow profiles of FS 266. The great majority of the measured are cm a rim diameters in the 15-19 range, making this somewhat larger vessel than the angular kylix. Kylikes 377-394 (Fig. 28:1-18) illustrate the are a range of rim types encountered. The generally indistinct lips culmina tion of the general trend toward diminishing the lip from the quite everted common rims in the Early Mycenaean period. A great deal of variability seen is in the junction between the lower body and the upper body. Some on a examples (390, Fig. 28:14) border being angular; others exhibit rather elegant curve inwhich the lower part of the body flows into the bowl (389, are 394; Fig. 28:13,18); others almost conical (378,386; Fig. 28:2,10). As can seen a are be in Figure 28, range of handle profiles and sections pres a ent. One kylix (377, Fig. 28:1) has horned handle, which is occasionally no encountered elsewhere.126 There is example in this deposit of the kylix with the high-swung handle (FS 273), which is found in small quantities at Mycenae.127 one The substantial example of FS 274 (395, Fig. 28:19) has the conical body and lipless rim that characterize the true conical kylix. The surface was some of this specimen polished and closely resembles of the examples at from the Potter's Shop Zygouries.128 to a Finally, it is interesting note that number of kylix stems from were a or some broken vessels clearly pared down with knife other imple to as coarse ment, probably be used stoppers in stirrup jars. Four of these are illustrated below (509-512, Fig. 32:3-6).

125. French (1965, p. 159) makes fig. 9:16;Wardle 1969, p. 290, nos. 109-110. the attractive suggestion that the a appearance of the conical kylix is 127.Wardle 1969, p. 286, fig. 10; good distinguishing feature of LH Mountjoy 1976, p. 111. IIIBI. The only proviso is that the 128. Cf. Biegen 1928, p. 152, group should be large enough for this fig. 142;Thomas 1992, pp. 400-407, uncommon to relatively type appear. 599-602, figs. 66-69. 126. Cf. French 1965, p. 180, PATRICK M. THOMAS 514

~~y y~~

~~7 7~~

~~7 7 7~~

~~12 13 y~~

~~^ ^? 15 14~~

~~_[4 _17~~

~~1873 17~~

~~7" 16~~

~~10cm~~

~~Figure 27. Unpainted angular kylikes an 1-11 (cat. nos. 366-376), shallow nos. gular bowls 12-18 (cat. 400-406) A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 515~~

~~'.' /~~

~~/ 18? 19 / I ; ;.~~

~~12 J.~~

~~w 16 * 147 :i 7 .1 18~~

~~20 f 19 10cm~~

~~Figure 28. Unpainted rounded kylikes 1-18 (cat. nos. 377-394), conical kylix 19 (cat. no. 395), large bowl 20 (cat. no. 399) 5l6 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

Deep Bowl FS 284, Stemmed Bowl FS 305 Figure 29 (opposite).Miscellaneous vessels 1-5 nos. unpainted (cat. 438, is more common as a some un The deep bowl far decorated shape, but 439,407,441,442), 6-10 (cat. nos. are in this are found at painted examples present deposit, and they other 443-447), unpainted basins 11-14 as nos. sites well.129 The deep bowls account for roughly 1.2% of the unpainted (cat. 396,397,448,449) fine features and 0.9% of the total unpainted features. A number of sherds were from unpainted stemmed bowls also present, at approximately half are the frequency of the unpainted deep bowl. They likewise found in small are quantities elsewhere.130 Because the unpainted examples entirely similar to none or the painted examples, has been illustrated catalogued here.

~~Other Bowls~~

This category accounts for just under 1% of the fine unpainted features and 0.7% of the total unpainted features. It includes mostly small sherds some that clearly belong to bowls of kind but could not be otherwise clas more sified. Were preserved, it is likely that many could be parceled out are among the other open shapes. The only curiosities 398 (Fig. 23:4) a some and 399 (Fig. 28:20). The former is obviously large krater of kind, a a with broad strap handle typical of painted krater. The latter has the closing profile and lip characteristic of the stemmed bowl, but the handle is a vertical strap.

~~Shallow Angular Bowl FS 295~~

to a In Furumark's typology, FS 295 refers group of basins of varying sizes with conical lower bodies.131 The term shallow angular bowl is used to refer a a a to one common variant with flat base, conical lower body, carinated shoulder (generally indistinguishable from that of the angular kylix), and on two horizontal strap handles the rim. It is found only in the fine frac common tion in this deposit, where it is the fourth-most unpainted shape, ca. occurring slightly less often than the dipper. It accounts for 2.2% of the unpainted fine features and 1.5% of the total unpainted features. It appears in other LH IIIBI deposits in roughly comparable proportions.132 Angular were rims not definitely assignable to FS 295 counted with the angular kylix, so the actual frequency must be somewhat higher. are A selection of rims from the shallow angular bowl illustrated (400 406, Fig. 27:12-18). The only feature of the rim profiles differentiating them from those of the angular kylikes is that the rims of the shallow angular bowls tend to be shorter. In other respects, though, they have the widely flaring 129. Cf.Wardle 1969, 291; Rut or seen on are p. spreading rim profiles the kylikes. The bases invariably flat, ter 1974, pp. 63, 95;Mountjoy 1976, and no effort was made to the marks left from the disguise string cutting p. 102. vessel off the wheel. 130. Cf. Mountjoy 1976, p. 102; Rutter 1974, p. 95;Wardle 1969, p. 291, 63:b. Large Basin FS 295 pi. 131. Furumark [1941] 1972, p. 636. 132.Wardle (1969, p. 290) and fine basins are in low in LH IIIB Large usually present frequencies depos Mountjoy (1976, p. 100) mention it as account its. In the Tsoungiza pit 1 deposit (Fig. 29:11-14), they for only the second- and fifth-most common 0.2% of all features. vessel 0.3% of the fine unpainted features and unpainted shape, respectively. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 517

~~16-18 _21 _20 _27 22~~

~~7t 7?~~

~~26 _25~~

~~\Jf 10~~

~~35-36 _29~~

~~12 7~~

~~5 0 10cm 5i8 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

a Since FS 295 is kind of catchall category for large basins (see above), it a includes range of profiles, from the nearly conical to the semiglobular and from the deep to the shallow. The shallow semiglobular type is the most common are here. The thick, downsloping rim is diagnostic. The handles was of the horizontal strap variety. One complete profile obtained (396, Fig. 29:11); the vessel was very well thrown and smoothed. Vessel 397 an or (Fig. 29:12) is unusual basin bowl. The rim is within the normal range for the unpainted basin, but the horizontal loop handles under the rim are very unusual. The vessel has a smoothed exterior, but the rim was carelessly formed.

~~Medium-Coarse Fraction~~

to Of the total unpainted feature sherds recovered, 22% belong the medium coarse fraction (Table 6). This is the most variable fraction in terms of the different fabrics represented. It is interesting that nearly 86% of the features to an belong closed shapes, almost complete reversal of the proportions seen were in the fine fraction. Most of the medium-coarse vessels probably or used either for processing foods, cooking, storage. seems can Although at first glance the range of fabrics great, they be a coarser reduced to four main varieties. The first is simply variant of the Mycenaean fine fabric. It is used for most of the jugs and amphoras that fall into the medium-coarse category and is distinguished only by the presence are or of angular inclusions that generally red light brown. The second vari ant is the cooking fabric, easily distinguishable by its sandy feel and brittle walls. The third iswhat I term "orange fabric," which also grades into the coarse an fraction. The surface usually has orange hue, but it ranges from orange to brown to reddish brown; the fresh break is usually brown. The paste iswell sorted, with large angular red chert inclusions and sometimes or as dark chalky white ones well. This fabric is used only for large and small storage jars in the Tsoungiza deposit. The fourth fabric is related to the oatmeal fabrics found in the coarse fraction. The inclusions are of the

~~same mineral variety but they are fewer in number, smaller in size, and coarse sometimes lacking in the angular appearance of the inclusions.~~

~~Cooking Vessels~~

not Mycenaean cooking vessels have been comprehensively studied.133 It to a ves is possible speak in general fashion, however, about the kinds of to use sels found in LH III deposits. The fabrics, similar those in until the are to Late Roman period, distinctively sandy-textured and red brown in to color. In this deposit, features belonging cooking pots of various kinds constitute more than half (52.7%) of the medium-coarse fraction and 11.6% room of all unpainted features. Only the South House 22 and Causeway

of the lew excellent K?chenwesen und 133. A comprehensive study (1999) provide photo (1970) monograph from how and the results of resi Mahlzeiten is not cooking vessels Mycenae is, graphs organic particularly helpful Mart due for a number of LH IIIB for ceramics. ever, being conducted by Holley analysis Tzedakis and Mart the Bruns's lew (pers. comm.). cooking pots. Despite title, A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY SIC

~~TABLE 6. UNPAINTED MEDIUM-COARSE FRACTION: FREQUENCY OF VESSEL SHAPES~~

~~?5 s i f So srbo 3 s,r bo 5? ^ g CO So <2 S ?5 ? o co~~

~~? Rim 19 10 26 31 130 16 15 22 False Neck ? ? ? ? Spout 1 1 ? Handle 55 5 116 7 25~~

~~Stem~~

~~Leg 66 3 ? ? ? Base 10 3 2 6 22 71 10 26~~

~~Total 1 21 22 12 39 3 2 108 12 384 33 15 77~~

~~% ofMedium Coarse Features 0.1 2.9 3.0 1.6 5.3 0.4 0.3 14.8 1.6 52.7 4.5 2.1 10.6 % of All Features 0.03 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 3.3 0.4 11.6 1.0 0.5 2.3~~

~~are on = Frequencies based sample after mending. Unpainted medium-coarse-fraction body sherds 3,850.~~

a deposits atMycenae provide sufficient basis for comparison. In the former, only 2.4% of the total unpainted features belonged to cooking pots, while in the latter the total is an even lower 1.6%.134 most common The type of cooking vessel appears to be the cooking a jug/amphora/hydria.135 These forms share many features: raised disk base, a or tall, slightly spreading flaring collar neck, and vertical loop handles from the base of the shoulder to the base of the neck. No consistent dif

ferences between the body profiles of the shapes are discernible. Only the on presence of the second handle the rim and neck allows the amphora to be distinguished from the jug; only the presence of the horizontal hydria or handle differentiates the hydria from the jug amphora. Representative can examples of this class include 408-413 (Fig. 30:1-6). The base of 408 be clearly associated with the rim and shoulder fragment, but the body

was 134.Mountjoy 1976, p. Ill; Wardle basic function of these vessels storage to household areas does not than account 1973, p. 322. anything other cooking. Although take into the vessels' distinc 135. Whole of both the not all exhibit of burn tive fabric. It is a examples examples signs unclear why special one- and two-handled more than half of the sherds in cooking jars ing, ized fabric would have been employed have been recovered from see the to for a as Midea; Tsoungiza deposit assignable function performed just well Tzedakis and Martlew 126 these show traces of the fine ware 1999, pp. shapes burning. by ordinary Mycenaean nos. 106 and 109. Cf. also Shear or the 127, The suggestion (Shear 1987, p. 110) coarser, chert-tempered 1987, p. 109, n. 213. One cannot, that the vessels were used to carry wares. however, agree with Shear that the small quantities of foodstuffs from 52? PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~7 7~~

~~.( I~~

~~_21~~

~~\ 7\~~

~~24-25 27~~

~~rV 10~~

~~10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 521~~

30 Figure (opposite). Cooking jars could be squatter or more biconical than the reconstruction indicates.136 1-6 nos. miscella are (cat. 408-413), Cooking-ware hydrias attested by eight horizontal loop handles, but neous vessels 7-11 (cat. no was seems to a cooking substantial profile preserved. Vessel 428 (Fig. 30:10) be nos. 425-429) miniature version of the larger hydria, although the orange, medium-coarse not same as fabric is quite the that employed in the larger vessels. The to body walls in all of these forms tend be relatively thin and quite brittle. Relatively thin walls in cooking vessels conduct heat better than thick walls; they also reduce the thermal gradient and hence the stress between a the inner and outer surfaces when vessel is first being heated.137 common a a Less than these types is wide-mouthed ovoid jarwith very short, thick, everted rim and vertical handles running from the shoulder to are the top of the rim (425, Fig. 30:7).138 The body walls generally thicker than in the preceding category, and the fabric frequently contains sizable are not sparkling inclusions that characteristic of the local clays. It is very to difficult distinguish the rims of this shape from those of the large tripod a cooking pots made of similar fabric (416-422, Fig. 31:3-9), and it is quite some to possible that of the rims assigned the tripod belong to this shape a instead. Rarer still is squat globular jarwith two horizontal loop handles on a are the shoulder and closing, outturned rim.139 Spouted cooking bowls as one assumes occasionally found well (427, Fig. 30:9); from the profile was that the body globular and bowl-like rather than jar-like.140 Vessel a 429 (Fig. 30:11), if correctly stanced here, is curiosity since virtually all are or cooking pots either closed shapes at least have closing profiles, but a this piece is clearly warped. Vessel 426 (Fig. 30:8), which has tall everted more rim, is in its shape consistent with cooking jars from earlier periods, to but its fabric is similar that of the other LHIIIB examples. FS 288, the two-handled cooking pot found in huge quantities at the Zygouries Potters rare no Shop, is quite in published domestic deposits,141 and example of it was found here. as common Tripod cooking pots (FS 320) may have been in aggregate as the cooking jugs. A considerable range of sizes is represented, ranging to ones. a from medium-sized vessels much larger Vessel 414 (Fig. 31:1), can on an fragmentary pot that be restored paper, is example of the former, a cm a with height of 16.5 and rim diameter of 12-13 cm.142 It would that this size was since a number of other appear standardized, tripod come fragments in this deposit (e.g., 415, Fig. 31:2) from vessels with

or com and Martlew is in 136. For complete nearly pi. 32;Tzedakis 1999, probably fact FS 288. Mountjoy see no. 100. no. plete examples, Wardle 1969, p. 121, (1976, pp. 95-96, 103, fig. 10) no. 140. For a LH IIIB illustrates a from the p. 282, 81; Biegen 1937, vol. 2, example from single example no. see South is no 1198, fig. 219; Shear 1987, Midea, Tzedakis and Martlew 1999, House. There published nos. no. recent pp. 111-112, 138,140. p. 126, 107. example from the excavations 141. are no exam at nor from s excavations 137. Rice 1987, p. 227. There published Tiryns Biegen 138. are not in from the Houses at at Korakou. The on the Rims represented ples Panagia Myce shape was, see nae nor from the House of the Oil other in this deposit. For whole specimens, hand, plentifully represented Shear no. Merchant/House of a context at see Palace 1987, p. 112, 143, ?g. 20, Sphinxes/West palatial Pylos; at Nestor pi. 32;Tzedakis andMartlew 1999, House complex Mycenae. Wardle of I, p. 396, shape 59. p. 131, no. 113. (1969, p. 282) mentions a number of 142. Cf.Wardle 1969, p. 291, 139. For see with similar to FS no. no. complete examples, pots profiles 288, 82; Deshayes 1969, 7, Shear no. and illustrates one that 1987, p. 112, 144, fig. 20, (no. 84, fig. 8) pl.XLVII. 522 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~_24 _20 16~~

~~5 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 523~~

31 Figure (opposite). Tripod cooking similar dimensions. Tripod cooking pots similar in profile and size have 1-11 nos. at not pots (cat. 414-424) been discovered Mycenae, Pylos, and other sites.143 It is frequently possible to distinguish this kind of cooking tripod from the ovoid cooking are jars discussed above because the shoulder, neck, and rim profiles very are similar, and the dimensions comparable. In addition, at least in this same was sample, the fabric used for both shapes. It does appear, however, to more that the cooking tripods tend have shorter and upright necks than the jars. The legs of this variant found inTsoungiza pit 1 invariably have an elliptical section. a A larger cooking tripod with substantially different rim profile is also present. The fabric of the larger variety is noticeably different from that of the smaller cooking tripods, and the similarity between the fabric of the larger cooking tripod legs and rims allows them to be associated. It is very were likely that these larger tripods imported to the site, perhaps from Aigina, because the fabric consistently contains large sparkling inclusions similar to those observed in the ovoid cooking jars mentioned above.144 No on specimens of this size could be restored paper, but the short, everted are rim is distinctive (416-421, Fig. 31:3-8). The rim diameters usually cm as as cm. are in the 15-20 range, but they may be large 25 The bodies or are on globular ovoid. The legs proportionately taller than those found are the smaller cooking tripods; the sections elliptical, but less flattened are than those of the smaller size (423, Fig. 31:10). The body walls typically contrast to quite thick and dense, in the thinner walls of the cooking jars. A number of cooking-ware bases that cannot be associated with partic ular rims should be mentioned. Two bear pot-marks (432,433; Fig. 32:7,8); both of these bases have the raised, button-type profiles normally associated or so with LH II LH IIIA cooking pots, and may be earlier than most of are a the deposit. The pot-marks of the simplest type, only single stroke. a Base 433 has few flecks apparently of the gold mica characteristic of wares. an Aiginetan Base 436 (Fig. 32:11) belongs to interesting jarwith a conical lower body. The fabric is similar to the normal cooking fabric, are or can but the inclusions somewhat larger. No rim any other sherd be nor are associated with this piece, there any close parallels. to one a Among three other ceramic implements related cooking, is flat an dish with holes in its upper surface and intensely burned underside (430, is a or Fig. 32:1). This type sometimes called "souvlaki stand" griddle.145 not are The function of these vessels is clear, but they known from other LH IIIB deposits in the Argolid and elsewhere.146 It is likely that at least two are separate vessels of this type represented by 430; although the fabric

143. Cf. Shear nos. 45 because it is to two differ 146. Cf. Palace Nestor 1987, p. 112, ing applied of I, pp. 340 and Wardle ent vessel The term seems to nos. 46, fig. 21; 1969, p. 291, shapes. 341, 11-12, fig. 348; Mylonas no. Palace Nestor 413 arise from the fact that souvlaki 82, fig. 8; of I, pp. (skew 1975, p. 104, fig. 2, pi. 125:b;Gercke 70. ered roasted is sold in Greece and 414, shape meat) Gercke 1975, p. 13, pi. 9:1; Mount 144. For a similar on thin wooden of a size no. very example today spits joy 1976, p. 95, 119 (it is not clear identified as an that would fit in one of the holes. as a Aiginetan product Spit why this example is identified at see are from the Cult Center Mycenae, stands sometimes called "souvlaki tripod stand); Kilian 1979, p. 401, to Tzedakis and Martlew 1999, p. 196, stands" because they appear have fig. 25:a, b; Shear 1987, pp. 111-112, no. 181. nos. been used for the roasting of spitted 148-149. meat. 145. The usage is somewhat confus food, probably 524 PATRICK M. THOMAS

one a 32 "Souvlaki of the two pieces is essentially identical, rim fragment has raised Figure (opposite). are a stand" 1 no. stand 2 base while the other is flat. The holes arranged in series of roughly (cat. 430), spit a (cat. no. 431), re?ut stems 3-6 concentric circles, and their depths vary from only few millimeters to kylix nos. (cat. 509-512), cooking-pot nearly the full thickness of the base. nos. on can no bases 7-11,13 (cat. 432-437), Because of the intense burning the undersides, there be medium-coarse base 12 were or jar (cat. doubt that these vessels used for cooking warming food. Biegen no. 508) was suggested that this form employed in the making of something akin to was to a waffles.147 If the purpose only impart decorative pattern to the a or some surface of griddle cake bread of kind, it is very curious that only one pattern (the roughly concentric semicircles) is observed at different are sites. As the holes quite small, it is also likely that many of the spikes or on protuberances formed the cooked product would have snapped off so when itwas removed from the pan, ruining the effect. a a Among the other cooking items, 431 (Fig. 32:2) is fragment of an a spit stand. The stand is essentially of inverted T-shape, with series of slight depressions along the upper edge.148 So-called broiling pans with flat, pan-like bottoms and tall sides with V-shaped notches along the upper at at two edge have been found Pylos.149 Finally, fragments of least cooking were a fabric lids (both FS 335) identified; this form is essentially shallow a at semiglobular bowl with single strap handle the apex of the lid.

~~Orange Jars and Related Vessels~~

a I have coined the term "orange jar" to refer to group of vessels made of the orange fabric described above (see p. 518). The pots arewheelmade and have smoothed but distinctly lumpy surfaces. Two quite different shapes are a or a represented: small, globular ovoid amphora with short spread ing neck, lipless rim, and two vertical loop handles attached from below a a an the rim to the belly, and large jar with globular body and everted rim. The former shape is found only in this fabric. Most of the pots made from this fabric fall into the medium-coarse fraction, although some fall coarse to into the range.150 Large jars with profiles similar the orange type, but made in a different fabric, also occur. For the sake of convenience they are treated here. accounts The small amphora for 4.5% of the unpainted medium-coarse features and about 1% of the total unpainted features. Vessel 450 (Fig. 33:1) on could be restored paper. Fragments 453-458 (Fig. 33:4-9) illustrate the range of rim profiles, and 452 (Fig. 33:3) represents another base (in

147. Palace Nestor 341. Or seem to have of I, p. phoras frequently larger of a and more numerous inclusions than the ganic residue analysis specimen this from Midea (Tzedakis and Martlew body sherds from shape, while the no. few bases that can be associated with 1999, p. 126, 105) showed evidence and the of seem to be of cereal oil, supporting Biegens larger variety jar coarser than the bodies. Of the suggestion. upper see 11 in the 148. For discussion of the type, features of this fabric found coarse 10 are Scheffer 1984. fraction, fully accounted 149. Palace Nestor for either handles from the small of I, p. 418, type by or 79, figs. 397,398. amphora bases from the large jar. 150. The handles of the small am A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC I

~~o ^ o0?~~

~~O o o o 0 0 o ? o o n o o o~~

~~o o~~

~~L_f Lki~~

~~I _< 9 10~~

~~lOcm PATRICK M. THOMAS 526~~

a concave 33 Small and addition to 450). The base is usually raised, with underside; it Figure (opposite). large on a some cases. or 1-23 nos. borders ring base in The body is globular ovoid, with orange jars (cat. 450-472), a basin 24 (cat. no. 473) neck that is usually distinct and spreading, although 453 (Fig. 33:4) and 456 (Fig. 33:7) essentially lack necks. The rim maybe thickened, but it does not a are cm have distinct lip. The rim diameters all in the 16-20 range. a This vessel is not well known in the Argolid, but number of published not come examples of the shape (though necessarily in the orange fabric) were from theWest House atMycenae.151 More than 50 pots of this type occur a also identified at Pylos, where they in both one-handled and two handled variety.152 This type of vessel would be best suited for the storage or of small quantities of food other materials. comes a Base 451 (Fig. 33:2) from similarly shaped pot. The fabric is not of the orange variety, but it is fairly close to it in surface color and texture, differing only in the paste. The underside of the base is marked a with two incised strokes forming V-pattern. None of the other orange so two amphoras is marked. While it is possible that the cooking pots with are no the marked bases earlier than most of the deposit, there is obvious reason to suspect that this piece is earlier. The other vessel type made in the orange fabric, the large jar with a globular body and everted rim, accounts for 2.1% of the medium-coarse features and about 0.5% of the total unpainted features. No complete are or profiles could be reconstructed, but the bases either thick and flat were were of the raised disk variety. No handles identified, and the vessels probably without handles. A rim and body fragment of this shape found a in LHIIIA2 (early) context in EU 9 atTsoungiza indicates that the type cm is quite large, with maximum body diameters in the 50-60 range.153 Sherds 459-471 (Fig. 33:10-22) illustrate the rim profiles.154 It is readily a apparent that there ismuch variation in the height and (to lesser degree) to the angle of the everted rim. The rim diameters range from 26 36 cm, cm. are clustering around 30 Not all of the vessels treated here definitely of the orange fabric; the range of paste colors and inclusion color and size in these larger vessels is considerably greater than that observed in no are the smaller amphoras. There is doubt, however, that the vessels to treat as a of similar shape, making it preferable them group, with the understanding that the term "large orange jar" is used loosely with regard to the fabric. There do not appear to be precise published parallels for this was at shape from other sites, although it certainly used throughout LH III seems was Tsoungiza. It logical that this vessel type used for bulk storage. are Two other large vessels with closing profiles (472,473; Fig. 33:23,24) illustrated here as well.

151. Cf. French 1967, pp. 172-173, identified a rim from what appears to These are classed as in a LH IIB context fig. 13:2, 3,5. be this kind of jar at so a FS 67 by French, but the resemblance Tsoungiza, the type may have to Furumark's ([1941] 1972, p. 35, long local history. is not a close one. 154. of fig. 7) type shape The profile 459 (Fig. 33:10) Palace Nestor is too It should be 152. of I, pp. 383-384, probably upright. more to types 48a (one-handled) and 48b closed, but the piece is difficult (two-handled) and figs. 371, 372. position. has 153. J. B. Rutter (pers. comm.) A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 527

~~_20 ^^ _18~~

~~16-17~~

~~30 25-30 26 _36 _30 _32~~

~~35 _26 30? _30 _32~~

~~19> 20 * V 17 31 28 _40 ^^~~

~~22 23 24 T \ 10cm 528 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Miscellaneous Vessels~~

are A number of bowls and smaller closed shapes also represented in the medium-coarse fraction. The fabrics are not uniform, but some bear a close resemblance to the oatmeal fabrics seen in the coarse fraction, others to that of the orange variety. Fragments 439, 441, and 442 (Fig. 29:2, 4, 5) or represent bowls wide-mouthed jarswith everted rims, somewhat similar to in form the larger orange jar discussed above. The vessel represented a a or by 443 (Fig. 29:6) has semiglobular profile similar to that of dipper a a ladle. Sherd 444 (Fig. 29:7) is curiosity, evidently part of large open bowl of some type.

~~Coarse Fraction~~

coarse As with the medium-coarse fraction, the fraction is largely composed coarse of fragments from closed vessels, which constitute about 74% of the features (Table 7). There are far fewer coarse than either fine or medium coarse sherds, and the entire coarse fraction constitutes only 6.6% of the total number of unpainted sherds. The coarse fraction, however, outweighs the fine fraction, and accounts for nearly 30% of the total weight of the pit 1 deposit. come or coarse Most identifiable pieces from pithoi other large stor a age jars, although miscellaneous category had to be created for this fraction.155 Tubs and vats of various kinds predominate among the open a set to shapes. This is difficult of vessels treat in detail, because there are has been little interest in these types. There comparatively few pub lished profiles; only Biegens publication of Pylos contains large numbers even to of profiles and photographs. It is sometimes difficult distinguish a an an area Mycenaean specimen from earlier piece. This is clearly in a which great deal of further study and publication is needed. In what note are follows, it is also important to that rim diameters very ap of the coarse vessels were handmade or as proximate. Many larger sembled from smaller parts, and even the wheelmade specimens are often lopsided.

Pithoi and Other Large Coarse Jars 155. A substantial number of jug/ sherds fall into this Pithoi and similar do not have standardized rim so it is amphora/hydria large jars profiles, to class. Of the 43 features assigned difficult to discuss them as a The neck can be short or The 30 are handles. group.156 long. the jug/amphora/hydria, rim and or and Pithoi are found In a number of vessel the han may be flat thickened squared projecting. shapes, are dles contain and more numerous in both painted and unpainted forms. The painted varieties represented larger a inclusions than the body of the vessel, by vessels 2-4 (Fig. 34:1-3). The neck of this type is short, with thick, flar the is the rim.157The is thin and red or brown. Pithos 2 although paste generally ing paint usually (Fig. 34:1) same. has a at the base of the neck. to have plastic ledge Unpainted pithoi appear 156. Furumark ([1941] 1972, pp. 74, or necks with rims. Rims taller, spreading flaring thick, projecting squared 586) grouped all pithoi under a single to FS even the actual 474, 475, 477, and 478 (Fig. 34:4, 5, 7, 8) belong this kind of pithos; shape, 13, though a convex sizes and of available vessel 483 (Fig. 34:13), which has upper rim surface, may also shapes examples to him varied to this The fabric of both the and varieties considerably. belong type. painted unpainted 157. The closest far is with most of which parallel, though very coarse, usually many large angular inclusions, to s from exact, appears be Biegen deep to be some kind of chert. Plastic decoration occur on both appear may storage jar (type 56) from Pylos; see the and varieties. In this the decoration Palace Nestor 384. painted unpainted deposit, plastic of I, fig. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 529

~~TABLE 7. UNPAINTED COARSE FRACTION: FREQUENCY OF VESSEL SHAPES~~

~~?o*?L ^ _?\ *s a ??0 a Cl o __& S K So o S S ?3 ,3 Q ? ? is ^~~

~~S; o 3 7Rim 15 5 1 38 1 9 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Spout ? ? Handle 2 6 ? 5 30 24 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Leg 19 976? Base 554 16~~

~~Total 18 22 17 1 43 11 43 65~~

~~% of Coarse Features 8.2 10.0 7.7 0.5 19.5 5.0 19.5 29.5 % of All Features 0.5 0.7 0.5 <0.1 1.3 0.3 1.3 2.0~~

~~are on Frequencies based sample after mending. Unpainted coarse-fraction body = sherds 1,156.~~

a a usually consists of horizontal clay ropes with holes impressed by finger; few pieces have plain plastic bands rather than the impressed variety. Few were are pithos bases identified. These surprisingly small for such large are vessels, and they usually of the raised disk variety. Sherds 479-482 (Fig. 34:9-12) maybe pithos rims, but the concavities observed in the outer surface of the squared rims are sometimes found on a cylindrical vats.158 Sherd 482 (Fig. 34:12) has cylindrical hole pierced one a through the rim, very likely of number around the circumference of are the rim. The function of these holes is not clear, although they prob as ably intended firing holes, like those seen in particularly thick handles. were some An alternative explanation is that they used to tie a lid of kind onto the vessel. a Vessel 476 (Fig. 34:6) is problematic specimen. The profile and are plastic decoration consistent with Early Helladic pithoi, but possible on one wheelmarks maybe observed the rim. This is of the larger individual one fragments from the deposit, and wonders whether itmight have been as a reused, perhaps makeshift spit stand. are coarse Sherds 484-495 (Fig. 34:14-25) rims from other large vessels. It is not absolutely clear whether all of these vessels came from some 158. Cf. Biegen 1928, pp. 163 closed shapes, but groups maybe discerned. Sherds 488 and 489 (Fig. Thomas are to at 164, fig. 159; 1992, p. 440, 34:18,19) similar rims from pithoid jars Pylos.159 Sherds 491 and no. Z 303, fig. 80:1. two 492 (Fig. 34:21,22), thick everted rims from vessels with apparently 159. Cf. Palace Nestor of I, fig. 380, ovoid bodies, resemble each other, and perhaps 493 (Fig. 34:23) should be 54b. At however, these shape Pylos, as were included in this group well. If 484-486 34:14-16) generally painted. (Fig. actually belong 160. Cf. Palace Nestor to closed be similar to at of I, fig. 384, vessels, they may Biegens deep storage jars Pylos, are shape 57. which comparatively open.160 coq PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~_55 _36 _ _40? _ _45 49~~

~~29 _45-48~~

~~_5045 _60 _35~~

~~12 ^ 13 10 #?~~

~~36 _43_ _52~~

~~f 15 ? ,6~~

~~25-28 32^^^^^^ ^^^^^. _30 ^^^^^^ _28~~

~~17 18 19^ 20~~

~~_32_ ^ _36 _34 31-35~~

~~24 r _35 5~~

~~23 2. V " wm 25 r 10cm A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 531~~

Figure 34 (opposite). Pithoi and large Tubs and Vats 1-14 nos. jars (cat. 2-4,474-484), vats or nos. Tubs make about 10% of the total coarse features and 0.7% of the pithoi 15-17 (cat. 485 up nos. total while vats account for 8.2% and 0.5% of these 487), various jars 18-25 (cat. unpainted features, as a a a 488-495) categories, respectively. A tub is defined here vessel with flat base, a no or spreading body, and rim that either has lip is comparatively short can or and everted. This shape be either round oval, and it is shallower a vat. are two than There horizontal loop handles, attached just under the as a a a rim. A vat is defined here vessel with flat base, deep, cylindrical a or to body, and heavy squared thickened rim. The body walls tend be are considerably thicker than those of the tub. As with the tub, there two are on horizontal loop handles, but they placed lower down the body.161 seen Sherds 496-500 (Fig. 35:1-5) illustrate the variety of rims in the tub, while 501-503 (Fig. 35:6-8) probably represent the bases associated with a this type. It is obvious from the angles of the rims and bases that range of some profiles existed, relatively shallow, others much deeper. Most of these are seem pieces handmade, and they to have been built up by coiling. At one a an least of the bases is clearly from tub with oval shape. The fabric, coarse which is of the oatmeal variety, is generally consistent.162 are more Vats difficult to identify than tubs. It has already been noted a that number of rims grouped with the pithoi could in fact be vat rims. no to There is uniformity of fabric aid in distinguishing them, and the rims a vat. vary considerably, but 507 (Fig. 35:12) is almost certainly from The a body wall is quite thick, and the rim is thickened, with convex top. This a on example has plastic band with impressed decoration under the rim a the exterior. Sherd 505 (Fig. 35:10) has heavy, squared, projecting rim a concave with slightly outer face; this is the most common kind of vat rim. as Sherds 504 and 506 (Fig. 35:9,11) have also been tentatively identified vats. These have vertical holes pierced through the thickness of the rim, apparently around the circumference of the vessel at intervals of approxi cm. mately 6 It is clear in these two vessels that the rim was attached as a to separate piece the body, and it is possible that the potter believed these ostensible firing holes would help to bond the rim to the body. A number 161. The vat is FS 4, while the tub were not were of the holes completely cleared of clay, suggesting that they is subsumed Furumark by (inappropri not used to secure a lid. in ately, my opinion) under the larnax a FS 1. There is significant difference in the the profiles, with standard bathtub a larnax having very thick, outturned TERRACOTTA FIGURINES rim and the tub a much less distinct or even a lipless rim. For nearly complete The Tsoungiza pit 1 deposit contains 15 fragments from terracotta figurines, and of the tub contemporary example the three kinds of found in LH IIIB domestic see including figurines usually type from Tiryns, Furumark 1992, no. human females of the Psi and Phi 1, pi. 1. deposits: types (513-521, Fig. 36:1-9), a infant from a animals 162. Similar vessels from Mycenae possible kourotrophos (522, Fig. 36:10), (523-525, are made in a fabric are closely resembling Fig. 36:11-13), and miniature furniture (526,527; Fig. 36:14,15). All this one, the same probably representing handmade and have the fabric used for ordinary pots in the fine frac existence of a common potters' recipe tion. The lines used to decorate these are reminiscent of or formulation rather than an actual unsteady figures those found on the miniature handmade and the I am to E. pots import. indebted French for "Spaceman' figure me to examine All of the found here are consistent allowing the Mycenae (177, Fig. 15:1). fragments perfectly in the Museum. with a date in LH specimens Nauplion early IIIB. 532 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~32 Figure 35 (left). Tubs 1-8 (cat. nos. vats or 496-503), jars 9-12 (cat. nos. 504-507)~~

~~36 Psi and Phi 7! Figure (opposite). 1-9 nos. figurines (cat. 513-521), infant(?) 10 (cat. no. 522), quadru peds 11-13 (cat. nos. 523-525), furniture fragments 14,15 30-35 23-25 (cat. nos. 526,527)~~

~~27 30-33~~

~~38-40 A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 533~~

~~Il A i# W T ? ^ ?~~

~~10 I~~

~~12 13~~

~~15 534 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

A?Tiong the female figurines, 518 (Fig. 36:6) is the only definite example of the Phi type. It is very likely that all of the heads wearing poloi belong as to the Psi type, this headgear is typical of the Psi rather than the Phi seen type.163 The hollow lower bodies in 520 and 521 (Fig. 36:8, 9) also a belong to variant of the Psi type called the hollow Psi, which appears at the end of LH IIIA and continues into LH IIIB.164 a As noted by French, the typical Mycenaean animal figurine is quad a ruped of indeterminate species, but it has generally bovine appearance.165 can seen This ambiguity be clearly in the fragmentary examples in this at to deposit; first glance they resemble canines, but they belong in fact the generic Mycenaean bovine types. Animal figurines of this type first appear are common at the end of LH IIIA and in LH IIIB deposits. can Very little be said about the furniture fragments. Item 526 (Fig. 36:14) a a or most com could be leg fragment from bed, stool, throne, the three mon forms found.166 Item 527 (Fig. 36:15) appears to have been part of a stool.

~~DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS~~

one The pottery from pit 1 atTsoungiza, of the largest individual deposits ever to ofMycenaean ceramics completely analyzed, is important the study of chronology and stylistic development, issues of ceramic ecology (i.e., patterns of household acquisition, use, and discard of pottery), and broader to questions of pottery production and consumption relating social and economic organization. The circumstances of its deposition and the other artifacts associated with it (broken ground stone tools, animal bones) leave little doubt that it represents household rubbish. The wide variety of vessels seem present would to exemplify almost the entire range of pots employed s by the site residents. These considerations make the Tsoungiza ceramics particularly valuable for comparison with other deposits. In assessing the chronological position of the Tsoungiza material, it must first be emphasized that the material is highly homogeneous, with no little evidence of mixing with pottery from earlier periods and evidence was sec of later material. It is, in retrospect, unfortunate that the pit not tioned when itwas excavated, as this would have allowed us to determine whether there was any observable change in decoration from the bottom to of the pit to the top. Nevertheless, it is possible approach this question was meter in an indirect manner. Since the pit excavated in square units (SMUs) and the material was not mixed during processing, the SMUs from the of the can be with the shallower central, deepest parts pit compared 163. French 1971, p. 176. the if the had been filled over SMUs along edges.167 Logically, pit gradually 164. French 1971, p. 126. an 165. French 151. extended period of time, the SMUs in the deepest part of the pit would 1971, p. a amount not 166. French 1971, pp. 167-168, contain disproportionate of relatively earlier material. This is 172-173. the case, however, as the material shows minimal chronological variation 167. SeeWright et al. 1990, p. 621, over entire area. It therefore seems that the was not filled over the pit for and dia likely figs. 14,15, explanation a of time as 50 but over a shorter long period (such years), considerably grams of the SMUs employed in the as period, perhaps 20-30 years, argued below. Tsoungiza excavations. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 535

Even a cursory examination would place the bulk of the pottery safely in LH IIIB. It can be further restricted to LH IIIBI, for none of the decisive as distinguishing characteristics of LH IIIB2, such Group B deep bowls and even a rosette bowls, is present. Not single suspected example of either of these types was found among the thousands of sherds.168 It should also be are noted that patterned kylikes, which generally lacking in LH IIIB2 de are posits in the Argolid, present in quantity.169Mountjoy has suggested that on the basin FS 294, which has linear decoration the exterior and is solidly on painted the interior, should also be considered diagnostic of LH IIIB2,170 are but the evidence for this is problematic. Such basins certainly present in at LH IIIB2 deposits Mycenae,171 but the date of their initial appearance to an is uncertain. A sherd probably belonging this shape from undoubted was LH IIIBI context atMycenae published byWardle, and Sch?nfeld has reported that they appear in LH IIIB early contexts at Tiryns.172 In occurrence light of these considerations, along with the of examples 235 at seems more and 236 Tsoungiza, it reasonable to conclude that the type as as existed early LH IIIBI. No part of this deposit, then, extends into LH IIIB2. more Placement of the deposit specifically within LH IIIBI is diffi cult.173The material is chronologically closer to the end of LH IIIA2 than to the beginning of LH IIIB2. Several lines of reasoning point to this conclu sion: the presence of both the FS 257 and 258 kylikes in quantity, the nonstandardized size and shape of the FS 284 deep bowls, the total lack of innovative features linked to the defining types of the succeeding period or on (e.g., dotted rims solidly painted interiors deep bowls), the presence a of only few examples of the FS 274 conical kylix, and the overall charac a ter of the decoration, which preserves number of stylistic links (such as horizontal/diagonal whorlshells) with the preceding LH IIIA2 late phase. a as As whole, therefore, the deposit is best characterized early LH IIIB. on One final observation chronology pertains to the fairly high de gree of uniformity exhibited by Mycenaean ceramics throughout much of as the mainland in LH IIIBI, in LH IIIA. The EU 2 pit 1 deposit from Tsoungiza clearly reflects this koine. The FS 258 A Zygouries-style kylix, for as example, is present not only at Argivo-Corinthian sites such Mycenae,

some see 168. The presence of body 171. French 1969, p. 84, fig. 10:16 chronology of LH IIIB, Sch?nfeld sherds with solidly painted interi 18; three other examples cited by 1988; Thomas 1992, pp. 460-510. ors was are initially disconcerting, but it Mountjoy from the Nauplion Sherd Schachermeyr's (1976, p. 251) claim to no LH became clear that these belonged Collection and have context; the that the earliest phase of IIIB is reasons for stemmed bowls. Whenever these sherds dating the specimen from characterized by FS 258 kylikes of on had linear decoration the exterior, theMenelaion (see Catling 1977, p. 33; both the Zygouries and regular types, was on no. but on a it consistent with that observed Mountjoy 1999, vol. 1, p. 279, 156, without deep bowls, is based to are not of other stemmed bowls from Tsoungiza, and p. 277, fig. 93) LH IIIB2 misunderstanding Biegens discus two at the sion of the from i.e., the wide bands belly. clear. pottery Zygouries. no. to Stemmed bowls with solidly painted 172. Wardle 1969, p. 278, 57, Schachermeyr also failed consider are not the circumstances interiors characteristic of any and p. 274, fig. 6; Sch?nfeld 1988, of the Zygouries a particular period in LH III. p. 169. There is also similar LH Potter's Shop deposit, which is clearly IIIB1 from see a contents 169. Cf. French 1969, p. 87;Wardle piece Korakou; Rutter specialized storeroom; the 304. no. 98. cannot be considered a 1973, p. 1974, p. 59, typical settle For recent ment 170.Mountjoy 1986, pp. 132-133. 173. discussions of the deposit. 536 PATRICK M. THOMAS

Tiryns, Zygouries, and Tsoungiza, but also at Nichoria inMessenia, Eutre across on sis in Boiotia, and the Aegean Rhodes.174 In LH IIIB2, definite are regional differences apparent. Certain types commonly found in the as are Argolid, such the deep rosette bowl, rarely found in other areas; local are as variants of deep bowl types common, is evident at Nichoria.175 to In addition its chronological significance, analysis of the Tsoungiza a pit 1 deposit may also contribute to better understanding of the ceramic or use a ecology life of pots in comparatively small Mycenaean settlement. are num Although there certain difficulties, it isworthwhile to estimate the ber of vessels present in order to address issues of ceramic breakage and a replacement. Rice has outlined the attendant problems and suggested number of estimation techniques.176 Many of these require detailed record ing of sherd thicknesses, maximum sherd diameters, and complete speci mens a to provide known baseline. Given the many different kinds of vessels most represented in the Tsoungiza deposit, of them fragmentary, the last criterion certainly cannot be met, and the other two criteria would require an were not immense expenditure of time if subsampling employed. An absolute upper limit can of course be determined; a value of more than 17,000 vessels maybe arrived at by adding the number of nonjoining sherds, mended fragments, and definitely associated sherds. This total is, a a however, far too large for minimum number of vessels. In collection must were not of this size, there inevitably be many joins that recognized, as more well as many nonjoining sherds belonging to the same vessel. A reasonable upper limit may be calculated by using the total number of rim sherds observed after mending.This value is 2,099. One might also consider a the bases, which may be better indicator, since bases usually break into are fewer pieces than rims and also generally easier to mend. The number of bases is 1,393. It is likely, therefore, that the actual number of vessels two represented in the Tsoungiza deposit is somewhere between these ca. figures, that is, 1,400-2,100 vessels. were over a ca. If, hypothetically, the pit filled period of 20 years, and one a only household contributed to it, breakage rate of 70-100 vessels on per year would be implied. Most of these, based the preserved features, or would have been serving vessels vessels for personal consumption (deep bowls, stemmed bowls, and kylikes, both decorated and unpainted), along are with cooking pots. As these the vessel types handled most frequently can we during household use, this result hardly be surprising. Since do over was not know the precise length of time which the deposit formed, nor seem to how many households used the pit, itmay idle toy with these are calculations, but if such deposits found elsewhere, comparisons could use a be made regarding vessel and replacement. Whitelaw estimates that small Mycenaean household might have possessed 50-100 pots for vari were on a ous purposes. If pots used average for year before breakage and discard, a single household could be expected to generate 1,000-2,000

dine for nos. 174. See Shelmerdine 1992, p. 503; (pers. comm.) clarifying this. pp. 608-609, P3811, P3813, from are deco the examples Nichoria SeeMountjoy 1999, vol. 2, p. 676 (for P3814, P3815, P3816. on one not as the rated only side, both Eutresis), and p. 1025 (forRhodes). 176. Rice 1987, pp. 290-292. text implies; I thank Cynthia Shelmer 175. E.g., Shelmerdine 1992, A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 537

over broken pots a 20-year span, which is not far from the 1,400-2,100 vessels estimated for this deposit.177 was a Although Tsoungiza very small settlement, the ceramic evidence areas reflects its active involvement with other outside the Nemea Valley. were During LH IIIBI, it appears that roughly 10 households present at same Tsoungiza. If each household used vessels at the rate, approximately to ones. 700-1,000 vessels per year would need be acquired to replace broken wares are Because the decorated and unpainted fine generally consistent in fabric and decoration with those seen at other sites, such asMycenae in the were northern Argolid, it is likely that they manufactured elsewhere and to a was brought Tsoungiza. No sign of local Mycenaean kiln detected by on or area. N VAP the site itself in the surrounding The recent discovery a of major Mycenaean site north of Tsoungiza provides another possible source for pots.178 The presence of tripod cooking pots from Aigina shows that pottery could be obtained from sources even further afield. The considerable variety of vessels in the Tsoungiza pit 1 deposit, can presumably having been used by ordinary Mycenaean households, on shed light patterns of pottery consumption and socioeconomic life in a assume non-elite settlement. It would probably be wrong to that each a or a vessel type had different function only single function, but the pres ence a of several types and sizes of cooking pot, for example, suggests that were as variety of recipes employed. Utility vessels of open shape, such the tubs and vats, might have been used in the production of liquid products as such wine and olive oil. Other possible activities may be conjectured: the larnax-like tubs, for example, might have been useful for fulling cloth. Moreover, the full range of shapes pertaining to personal consumption, serving, storage, and possibly ritual activities (rhyta, figurines) at important centers such as are also at Mycenae represented Tsoungiza. Estimation of the relative quantities of vessels dedicated to different functions (personal consumption, serving, and storage) in the Tsoungiza deposit permits useful comparisons with Mycenae.179 Approximately 75% at are are of the painted vessels Tsoungiza open shapes, while only 25% closed (Table 2). The predominance of open shapes suggests that painted were or vessels desired primarily for personal consumption serving, and, a more ca. indeed, detailed breakdown shows that 47% of the painted to sherds belong vessels used for personal consumption and 14% belong to serving vessels. Storage vessels account for 6.5% of the painted sherds, can and the remaining sherds be assigned only to the general categories of

177. 64-65. or as Whitelaw 2001, pp. moved handled, suggested above. cups, mugs, kylikes, deep bowls, See also Kramer and stemmed shallow 1985, pp. 89-92; In ordinary practice, the larger the pot, bowls, angular for a review of use and other small bowls. Shott 1996, use-life the longer the life; smaller vessels bowls, Serving studies of ceramic vessels. Foster for vessels include (1960, used everyday eating and drinking kraters, jugs/ampho pp. 607-608) found that forMichoacan will generally display higher breakage ras/hydrias, rhyta, larger basins, and in each households Mexico, household rates (cf.Foster 1960; DeBoer 1974, dippers. Storage vessels include pithoi, owned 50-75 vessels, and the vessels' p. 339, fig. 3). piriform jars, alabastra, and stirrup was a average life about year, which is 178. Marchand 2002. jars.The jug/amphora/hydria could, consistent with Whitelaw's estimates. 179. of have been used as a For the purposes of this analy course, storage is to vessel as well. Of course, vessel breakage primarily sis, vessels considered have been to how a is used for proportional frequently pot personal consumption include 538 PATRICK M. THOMAS

or closed open shapes. Nearly all of the 24.4% of the sherds in the miscella neous open category belong to vessels for personal consumption. The 7.5% belonging to the miscellaneous closed category nearly all belong to serving or can storage vessels, and they probably be parceled out between those seen categories in the roughly 2:1 ratio in the definitely assignable sherds. con With these added in, just under 72% of the sherds belong to vessels for sumption, 19% belong to serving vessels, and 9% belong to storage vessels. are to seen room These figures similar the proportions in the 22 deposit at Mycenae. There, approximately 65% of the sherds reportedly belong to ves vessels for consumption, 16% to serving vessels, and 11.5% to storage over sels; the remaining 7-8% of the pottery would be spread these three two categories.180 In the published LH IIIB2 deposits from Mycenae, deep bowls and stemmed bowls alone count for nearly 79% (Perseia Trench L) and 64.3% (Causeway deposit) of the painted sherds, close to the values seen at Tsoungiza.181 The overall similarities result in large part from prac tical considerations; vessels for personal consumption are handled more are more frequently and likely to be broken than other kinds. If the palatial were we elite employing metal vessels for food and drink consumption, see a might expect to much lower ratio of vessels for consumption relative case. to serving vessels. Interestingly, however, this is not the ce Perhaps the most significant functional differences between the as ramic assemblages from Tsoungiza and Mycenae are, noted earlier, in the distributions of small closed vessels and kraters. Small jars (piriform, stirrup, and other), medium and small jugs, narrow-necked jugs, and at alabastra account for 8.2% of all painted sherds identifiable by shape ac Tsoungiza (Table 4). By contrast, atMycenae, small stirrup jars alone count for at least 33% of all identifiable painted sherds in the Prehistoric ca. room Cemetery (central) deposit, 4% in the 3 deposit, and 11.5% in room access the 22 deposit.182 Perhaps this pattern reflects differential to were the perfumed oils and other luxury goods for which these vessel types or centers used the differential participation of elite and village communi or as ties in the consumption exchange of these commodities elaborately packaged goods. Also, kraters, which may have been used for mixing and at serving wine, make up only 2.5% of the total painted sherds Tsoungiza. were rooms Considerably higher percentages observed inMycenae 3 and

are are 180. See Mountjoy 1976, pp. 109 open category added, the number sherds classed under "miscellaneous" is to a 110, tables 1-2. My calculation based rises 51.1%. Among the other sherds, (Wardle 1969, p. 279); undoubtedly on the in her 9.5% can be to serv of categories presented definitely assigned significant number these, especially lin to to table 1, adding the 157 patterned, ing vessels and 7.2% storage vessels. of the linear sherds, belonged small and sherds from The more than 30% ear, solidly painted remaining belong stirrup jars and other closed shapes to obtain to is not miscellaneous open vessels closed vessels. It clear how the under discussion here. The high per the of in percentage pottery used for per higher percentages of open vessels for centage of stirrup jars the Prehis Some inconsisten in sonal consumption. personal consumption presented toric Cemetery (central) deposit has cies seem to be between table 1 were calculated. no at present Mountjoy's parallel elsewhere Mycenae. tables 1 and 2. A Mountjoy's straight 181.Mountjoy 1976, p. 109, table 1. Straightforward comparisons of the on raw forward calculation based the 182.Mountjoy 1976, p. 109, table 1. total percentages of small jars, small counts in indicates 38.4% to table 2 that These percentages need be treated and medium jugs, narrow-necked jugs, are in case of are to since of the sherds definitely assignable with caution, particularly the and alabastra difficult make, to for when the room more vessels consumption; the 3 deposit, where than shapes have been aggregated differently 12.7% to the miscellaneous 43% number of belonging of the total painted within the separate publications. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 539

22, where values of 16.2% and 11.6% have been reported for this shape to a category.183 The higher figures might be related greater frequency of or a ceremonial feasting events at major political center. In the category of unpainted pottery, about 62% of the sherds in the came most Tsoungiza deposit from vessels for personal consumption, with to to belonging the fine fraction. About 14-15% belong serving vessels, such as or jugs, mostly drawn from the fine and medium-coarse fractions, utility as or vessels, such orange jars vats, mostly drawn from the medium-coarse coarse and fractions. Approximately 12% belong to cooking pots of various sorts. to Only about 4% definitely belong storage vessels. The remaining 7% to a s cannot be easily assigned particular function. Mountjoy breakdown of room unpainted vessels in the 22 deposit atMycenae suggests that about 80% of the sherds belong to vessels for personal consumption, 6-7% for cooking, 11-12% for serving, and less than 1% for storage.184 Given that are not room these two deposits from precisely comparable contexts, the 22 a are deposit apparently being leveling fill, the figures in reasonably close

agreement. Further comparisons may be made with the palace at Pylos. Accord to ing Biegens tabulations of vessel numbers, both painted and unpainted, ca. were 84% employed for personal consumption (mostly kylikes and or shallow angular bowls), 12% for serving utility, 2.5% for cooking, and seem 1% for storage.185 Cooking pots and storage jars thus to be under at were represented both palatial sites. Since the Pylos pots mainly whole were vessels and the Tsoungiza ceramics decidedly fragmentary, however, one are needs to consider that the larger storage jars likely to have broken more into pieces than did vessels for consumption. Cooking-pot fabric, too, tends to break easily. The actual proportions of these functional categories, therefore, may have been quite similar. so The question of why palace and hamlet mirror each other closely in the overall functional and decorative composition of their assemblages to remains be addressed. One plausible argument is that the palace authori a ties controlled the distribution of fairly standardized range of vessel types was and decoration. Although pottery presumably of generally low value, a on wares the manipulation of state monopoly decorated fine might have ameans been of extracting additional wealth from the rural populace. The standardization of form and decoration could be seen, in turn, as a means of reinforcing group identity. The relative silence of the Linear B tablets a from Pylos and Knossos concerning pottery manufacture, however, offers reason to was be skeptical of palatial control.186 If the production of pottery

n. some 183. See above, 66. category (e.g., lids). Among to 184. Mountjoy 1976, p. Ill, table these, 6,410 belonged consumption 3. to to About 62% of the unpainted vessels vessels, 926 serving vessels, 185 in fine fabric are a and 88 to kylikes, figure that cooking vessels, only storage not some is much different from the 50% vessels. Once again, however, of in the or observed Tsoungiza deposit. the amphoras jugs could have served Palace Nestor as 185. of I, pp. 355-418. storage vessels rather than serving was on vessels. My calculation based 7,609 a 186. see vessels, excluding few that could Whitelaw 2001, p. 71-73; not to a easily be assigned functional also Palaima 1997, pp. 410-412. 54o PATRICK M. THOMAS

in fact being controlled by state authorities, it is also curious that distinct as yet generally similar vessel types, such the deep bowl and stemmed bowl, were being manufactured. The number and variety of motifs are, similarly, difficult to explain. An alternative explanation of Mycenaean pottery production may be more appropriate than the hypothesis of state control. The extensive hy on bridization seen inmotifs such as the FM 18 flower appearing the most common shapes (e.g., the kylix) is highly reminiscent of how high-volume masses manufacturers in modern economies produce of similar, yet subtly to meet a differentiated, products paradoxical desire for both individuality seen and commonality. The standardization within each Furumark shape case and motif (or elements of motifs, in the of hybrids) is also likely to a as have been driven by limited number of high-volume producers, argued by Sherratt.187 seems was It likely that demand "from below" the factor driving ceramic no non manufacture and distribution. Dabney has pointed out that almost are ceramic craft products, especially those requiring imported materials, known from LH III Tsoungiza.188 With respect to the ceramic assemblage, a however, the Tsoungiza EU 2 deposit displays greater variety of vessel forms than the Panagia Houses atMycenae; every type of pattern-painted vessel found in the rich Ivory Houses at Mycenae is replicated in this at can deposit Tsoungiza.189 One thus conclude that ordinary households were able to emulate the elites within the realm of pottery consumption. at Whitelaw has calculated that the palace Pylos would have consumed 1-2% of the annual ceramic in the whole It only production kingdom.190 187. Sherratt 1982. may well be that, for most of their ceramic needs, the were palaces dipping 188. Dabney 1997, p. 469. into a stream of aimed at the consumer rather than production general 189. Dabney 1987, pp. 469-470. controlling production outright. 190.Whitelaw2001,p.65. APPENDIX DEPOSIT CATALOGUE

Catalogue entries for the painted and unpainted pottery and the figurines at are from EU 2 pit 1 Tsoungiza listed in tabular form below. Each entry gives the catalogue number in bold type, the Tsoungiza inventory number, a to or and reference the items illustration above. The shape type is listed next. to one not When assignment of Furumark's shapes (FS) is possible, as or are categories such jug, basin, other generic terms used instead. For a pottery, short description of the preserved parts of the vessel is given a a next; whenever possible, percentage figure estimated from diameter terms as or are chart is provided. Otherwise, such "small part" "large part" employed. Information concerning burned surfaces or other unusual aspects of the preservation is presented here as well. Dimensions in centimeters are found in the next column. a a For painted pottery, description of the motif follows, usually in terms of are corresponding Furumark motif (FM); short verbal descriptions provided a or for patterned pieces lacking Furumark parallel. Items with purely linear are as solidly painted decoration not described, these forms of decoration may a be readily observed in the figures. For painted pottery and figurines, charac terization of the paint color is followed by the item's fabric fraction (fine, or are medium-coarse, coarse). For the unpainted pottery, inclusions mentioned in the fabric fraction column only when they are atypical or as case particularly important, in the of the Aiginetan tripod cooking pots. 542 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~PAINTED POTTERY~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

1 209-2-60 23:1 Larnax FS 1 6 2 uncertain pieces, joining, preserving portion of body 2 209-2-166 34:1 Pithos FS 13 1 piece; 5% rim 6c neck 3 209-2-188 34:2 Pithos FS 13 3 joining pieces; 25% rim 4 209-2-238 34:3 Pithos FS 13 1 piece; 4% rim 5 209-2-24 4:1 Piriformjar(FS40?) 2 joining pieces; 12.5% rim 6c neck 6 209-2-30 4:2 Piriform jar FS 39 5 joining pieces; 45% rim 6c neck 7 209-2-6 4:4 Piriformjar(FS40?) 1 piece; 5% rim 8 209-2-79 1 scar 4:5 Piriform jar FS 39/40 piece; 20% shoulder 6c handle

9 228 2-143 4:8 Piriform jarFS 39/40? 2 joining pieces; 80% base 10 209 2-273 4:9 3 Piriform jar FS 39/40? pieces; 100% base except floor 11 209 2-270 4:3 Piriform jarFS 48 7 joining pieces; 45% neck, 20% upper body 12 209 2-160 4:6 Piriform jar FS 48 3 joining pieces; 25% base 13 209 2-68 4:7 Piriformjar?(FS48?) 2 joining pieces; 100% base 14 209 2-133 6:16 Collar-necked jar FS 64 3 joining pieces; 10% rim 6c handle scar 15 209 2-191 6:18 Lug-handled jarFS 75 1 piece; handle lug 6c small part body 16 209 2-69 6:15 1 to Alabastron FS 94 piece; 12.5% body from base shoulder 17 209 2-169 6:17 Alabastron FS 85 1 piece; 10% body 18 209 2-192 23:2 Hole-mouth jar? 1 piece; small part body 19 228 2-135 5:1 Large jug/amphora/hydria 5 joining pieces; 10% rim, 25% neck 20 228 2-152 5:2 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 joining pieces; 50% rim 6c neck 21 209 2-149 5:3 Large jug/amphora/hydria 3 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c neck 22 228 2-168 5:4 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 joining pieces; 30% rim 23 228 2-146 5:5 Large jug/amphora/hydria 6 pieces, 3 joining; 50% rim 6c neck 24 209 -2-187 5:9 Jug/amphora/hydria 8 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c neck 25 209 2-130 5:10 Large jug/amphora 2 joining pieces; 40% base 26 209 -2-44 5:6 Jug FS 110 5 pieces, mended into 2; 25% rim 6c neck 27 228 -2-166 5:7 Jug 3 joining pieces; 20% rim 6c neck, part of handle; possibly handmade 28 228-2-47 5:8 FS 110 4 40% Jug joining pieces; rim, neck, shoulder, complete handle 29 228-2-81 &c 5:11 or 10 Cutaway neck jug FS 136 pieces mended into 3; small part base 6c body, 228-2-132 narrow-necked jug FS 120 30% shoulder 30 228-2-161 5:12 Narrow-necked jug FS 120? 1 piece; 40% rim 31 228-2-76 5:13 Narrow-necked jug FS 120? 1 piece; 17.5% rim, part of handle 32 209-2-161 5:14 Jug FS 120/136 2 pieces; small part of shoulder 33 209-2-142 1 5:15 Jug FS 120/136? piece; small part shoulder 34 228-2-184 5:16 Narrow-necked jug FS 120 2 joining pieces; small part body, shoulder, handle attachment 35 209-2-62 23:3 Jug? 1 piece; 15% shoulder 36 228-2-54 6:1 Handmade juglet FS 126 2 joining pieces; 10% rim, large part of body 37 228-2-154 6:2 Small wheelmade? jar, 1 piece; 50% rim 6c body 38 228-2-102 6:3 Handmade bowl FS 126 2 25% joining pieces; complete vessel, including complete profile 39 228-2-117 6:4 bowl FS 126 2 30% Handmade pieces; complete vessel, including complete profile 40 209-2-102 1 6:5 Handmade bowl FS 126 piece; 5-10% complete vessel, including complete profile 41 228-2-148 6:6 1 30% Handmade bowl FS 126 piece; complete vessel, nearly complete profile except base floor 1 scar 42 228-2-160 6:7 Handmade bowl FS 126 piece; 17% rim, handle 43 228-2-167 6:8 Handmade bowl/cup FS 126 1 piece; 25% rim 6c body, handle 44 228-2-159 6:9 Handmade bowl FS 126 1 piece; 12.5% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 543

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

? 1 FM 62 tricurved arch red coarse 2 Diam. (rim) 36 red coarse 3 Diam. (rim) 55 brown coarse 4 Diam. (rim) 40 brown coarse 5 Diam. (rim) 12-13 FM 64:21 foliate band on rim dark brown fine 6 Diam. (rim) 15 dark brown fine 7 Diam. (rim) 11 FM 64 foliate band on rim dark brown fine 8 Diam. (max.) 20 Traces FM 19 multiple stem in light to dark brown fine handle zone 9 Diam. max. 4.4 brown fine (base) 10.3; p.H. 10 Diam. (base) 12 dark brown-black fine

11 Diam. (rim) 8.7 brown paint fine max. 12 Diam. (base) 6; p.H. 5.1 dark brown fine max. 13 Diam. (base) 4.8; p.H. 4.8 14 Diam. (rim) 8-10 red fine 15 Diam. (max.) 17 dark brown fine max. in zone fine 16 Diam. (max.) 16; p.H. 5.9 FM 64 foliate band shoulder reddish brown 17 Diam. (max.) 9-10 Traces of linear banding only brown fine 18 Diam. (max.) 27 FM 63 hatched loop brown fine 19 Diam. (rim) 11 red fine 20 Diam. (rim) 11 brown fine 21 Diam. (rim) 13 red fine 22 Diam. (rim) 14 brown fine 23 Diam. (rim) 11 brown fine 24 Diam. (rim) 10 black fine 25 Diam. (base) 9-10 red fine 26 Diam. (rim) 8-9 reddish brown fine 27 Diam. (rim) 7 brown fine

28 Diam. (rim) 8; Diam. brown fine (max.) 13-14 29 Diam. (base) 11;Diam. FM 18 voluted flower on shoulder red fine (max.) 26 30 Diam. (rim) 8 red fine 31 Diam. (rim) 7 red fine 32 FM 23 whorlshell (vertical) brown fine 33 Spiral; edge of FM 18 flower washy brown fine on 34 Diam. (max.) 20-25 Stripe handle red fine

~~or 35 Diam. (max.) 17 FM 21 octopus wavy stripes dark brown fine 36 Diam. (rim) 3; Diam. (max.) 6.5 Traces only of vertical wavy stripes red fine 37 Diam. (rim) 3 reddish orange fine~~

~~38 H. 3.4; Diam. (rim) 5 Irregular vertical wavy stripes red fine~~

~~39 Diam. (rim) 4.5 Irregular vertical stripes brown fine 40 Diam. (rim) 8? Worn; solidly painted? red fine~~

~~traces 41 Diam. (rim) 5 Worn; paint only red fine~~

~~42 Diam. (rim) 7 brown fine traces 43 Diam. (rim) 5-6 Possible wavy stripes brown fine vertical fine 44 Diam. (rim) 7 Irregular wavy stripes red 544 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

3 scar 45 209-2-100 6:10 Handmade bowl FS 126 joining pieces; 25% rim, handle 46 209-2-74 6:11 Handmade juglet/jar FS 126 3 joining pieces; small part base, 25% body 47 209-2-180 6:12 Handmade bowl FS 126 1 piece; large part of body 3 48 209-2-285 6:13 Handmade cup FS 126? pieces mended into 2; 100% base & handle, very small part rim 49 228-2-103 7:1 9 mended into 25% most Domestic stirrup jarFS 164 pieces 6; base, of spout, small (medium) part body; burned 50 228-2-144 7:2 Domestic stirrup jarFS 164 2 joining pieces; 45% rim, neck of spout (medium) 51 209-2-120 7:3 Domestic stirrup jar FS 164 1 piece; 45% base (medium) most 52 209-2-103 7:4 Domestic stirrup jar FS 164 5 pieces mended into 2; of false neck, part of (large) 1 handle; false neck disk deliberately holed 53 209-2-186 7:5 Domestic stirrup jar FS 164 14 pieces mended into 3; 33% spout rim &c neck (large) 4 54 209-2-20 7:6 Domestic stirrup jarFS 164 joining pieces; complete spout base, small part of (medium) shoulder 2 55 228-2-66 8:1 Small stirrup jar FS 182 joining pieces; large part shoulder, false neck, 1 handle

~~56 209-2-15 8:2 Small stirrup jarFS 167 or 2 joining pieces; 25% shoulder, handle scar FS 171/173~~

57 209-2-27 8:3 Small stirrup jarFS 167 or 5 joining pieces; 15% body, handle stump, edge of spout FS 171/173 opening 58 228-2-80 8:4 Small stirrup jar 3 joining pieces; part of shoulder, lower part of spout

~~59 209-2-90 8:5 Small stirrup jar FS 180 3 joining pieces; 33% body, 1 handle stump~~

~~scar 60 209-2-53 8:6 Small stirrup jar 1 piece; small part shoulder, 1 handle~~

~~1 61 209-2-277 8:7 Small stirrup jar piece; small part shoulder~~

~~62 209-2-125 8:8 Small stirrup jar 1 piece; small part shoulder~~

~~63 209-2-52 8:9 Small stirrup jar 2 pieces; small part of body~~

~~64 209-2-83 8:10 Small stirrup jar FS 180 or 9 pieces mended into 2; 33% body FS182~~

~~65 228-2-149 8:11 Small stirrup jar 2 pieces; small part shoulder~~

~~1 66 209-2-155 8:12 Small stirrup jar piece; small part shoulder, edge of spout~~

~~1 67 228-2-139 8:13 Small stirrup jar FS 171/173? piece; small part shoulder~~

68 228-2-82 8:14 Small stirrup jar FS 167? 1 piece; 22.5% body &c shoulder into 1 69 228-2-147 8:15 Small stirrup jar 3 pieces mended 2; false neck, handle, part of other handle 3 70 228-2-67 8:16 Small stirrup jar joining pieces; false neck, complete handle, part of other handle 1 1 handle 71 228-2-129 8:17 Small stirrup jar piece; false neck, A DEPOSIT.OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 545

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

~~traces fine 45 Diam. (rim) 7 Paint only red or lines 46 Diam. (max.) 7 Irregular spirals wavy dark red fine max. vertical lines red fine 47 p.dim. 4.8 Irregular wavy~~

~~48 H. 4.1; Diam. (base) 2.5 Unpainted fine~~

~~49 H. ca. 25; Diam. (base) 7; washy brown medium-coarse Diam. 5-6 (spout) 50 Diam. (spout) 6 red fine~~

~~51 Diam. (base) 9 reddish brown fine~~

~~52 Diam. (disk) 9 brown medium-coarse~~

~~53 Diam. (spout) 12 brown coarse~~

~~54 Diam. (spout) 4.6 brown fine~~

~~55 Diam. (disk) 2.9 FM 41:16 concentric circles on disk; brown fine FM 19 multiple stem (angular) in handle zone~~

~~56 Diam. (max.) 11-12 FM 18:110 unvoluted flower in brown fine handle zone; FM 42:6 joining semicircles in shoulder zone~~

~~57 Diam. (max.) 12-13 FM 18C unvoluted flower in handle brown fine zone~~

~~58 FM 19multiple stem (curved) in reddish brown fine handle zone~~

~~59 Diam. (max.) 9 FM 27:18 sea anemone in handle red fine zone~~

~~60 Diam. (max.) 17 FM 27:34 sea anemone in handle light brown fine zone 61 FM 64 foliate band(?) in shoulder red fine zone~~

~~62 Diam. (max.) 15 FM 19 multiple stem (angular) in brown fine FM handle zone; 45 U-pattern in shoulder zone~~

~~63 Diam. (max.) 14-15 FM 59 V-pattern made into FM 61 red fine zone zigzag in shoulder 64 Diam. (max.) 15 dark brown fine~~

~~65 FM 19 multiple stem (curved) in brown fine handle zone 66 FM 19:28 multiple stem (curved) in dark brown fine handle zone~~

~~67 Diam. (max.) 13 Trace of FM 19 multiple stem in brown fine handle zone~~

~~68 Diam. (max.) 13 brown fine 69 Diam. (disk) 2.8 FM 41:12 concentric circles on disk brown fine~~

~~70 Diam. (disk) 2.6 FM 41:12 concentric circles on disk red fine~~

~~71 Diam. (disk) 2.7 FM 41:16 concentric circles on disk brown fine 546 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

1 1 scar 72 209-2-159 8:18 Small stirrup jar piece; false neck, handle 73 209-2-140 1 8:21 Small stirrup jar piece; top of false neck 74 1 228-2-177 8:19 Small stirrup jar piece; base of spout 1 75 228-2-85 8:20 Small stirrup jar piece; 50% spout, small part shoulder traces 76 209-2-286 8:22 Small stirrup jar 2 joining pieces; 14% base, part of lower body; of out burning 77 228-2-38 8:23 Small stirrup jarFS 182 6 joining pieces; 90% base, part of body 1 78 228-2-236 8:24 Small stirrup jar? piece; small part base 79 209-2-278 8:25 Small stirrup jar 2 joining pieces; 100% base, small part body 1 80 209-2-80 9:14 Rhyton FS 201 piece; part of lower body 81 209-2-78 9:15 Rhyton FS 199 4 joining pieces; small part body

~~1 82 228-2-157 9:16 Rhyton FS 199 piece; small part lower body~~

83 209-2-54 9:17 Rhyton FS 199 3 joining pieces; part of lower body 84 228-2-46 9:4 Cup FS 214 20 pieces mended into 11; 40% rim, 25% body, 100% base, complete handle 1 85 228-2-115 9:5 Spouted cup FS 250 piece; 5-10% rim, complete spout 1 most 86 228-2-121 9:6 Spouted cup FS 250 piece; 5% rim, of spout, part of lower body 87 228-2-75 9:7 Cup (FS 220?) 1 piece; 5% rim

88 228-2-78 9:8 Cup/bowl (FS 220?) 2 joining pieces; 7.5% rim 1 89 228-2-41 9:9 Shallow cup (FS 220?) piece; complete handle, part of body 90 228-2-101 9:10 Cup 1 piece; 25% base 1 ca. 20% 91 228-2-65 9:11 Cup/small bowl (FS 220?) piece; nearly complete profile with complete vessel 9 scar 92 209-2-76 9:12 Dipper FS 236 joining pieces; 80% rim, large part body, handle 93 209-2-4 9:13 or small bowl 1 Dipper piece; 15% rim 94 209-2-42 10:1 Mug FS 226 1 piece; 9% rim 95 209-2-98 10:2 Mug FS 226 1 piece; 5% rim 1 traces 96 228-2-35 10:3 Mug FS 226 piece; small part body; of burning

1 97 209-2-175 10:4 Mug FS 226 piece; small part rim 98 228-2-50 10:5 Mug FS 226 2 joining pieces; 25% base, part of lower body 99 209-2-287 10:6 Mug FS 226 2 joining pieces; 20% base 6c lower body 100 228-2-114 10:7 Mug FS 225 1 piece; 15% base 1 near base 101 209-2-150 10:8 Mug FS 226 piece; part of body 102 228-2-175 10:9 Mug FS 226 2 pieces; 20% base, part of body 1 floor 103 209-2-123 10:10 Mug FS 225/226 piece; large part base 104 228-2-100 10:11 Mug FS 225? 1 piece; 15% base 105 209-2-45 10:12 Mug FS 226 1 piece; small part upper body

~~1 at traces of 106 228-2-44 10:13 Mug FS 226 piece; part of body waist; burning of at waist 107 209-2-99 10:14 Mug FS 226 2 joining pieces; part body~~

~~108 209-2-81 11:14 KylixFS 257 7 pieces mended into 2; 25% rim 6c body, part of stem~~

109 228-2-138 11:15 Kylix? 2 joining pieces; small part of body 1 near rim 110 228-2-83 11:16 Kylix FS 257 piece; small part body 111 209-2-174 11:17 Kylix FS 257/258B 2 joining pieces; 10% rim 112 209-2-110 11:18 KylixFS 257 2 joining pieces; 9% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 547

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

72 Diam. (disk) 3.0 FM 52:4 isolated spiral on disk dark brown fine 73 Diam. (disk) 3.6 FM 41:15 concentric circles on disk brown fine 74 Diam. (spout) 0.4 red fine 75 Diam. (spout) 1.2 red fine 76 Diam. (base) 9 brown fine

77 Diam. (base) 6.4 dark brown fine 78 Diam. (base) 6 brown fine 79 Diam. (base) 6.2 brown fine 80 Diam. (max.) 9-10 red fine brown fine 81 Diam. (max.) 9 FM 75 paneled pattern with vertical washy wavy line fill or stem of FM 18 hybrid/voluted flower 82 Diam. (max.) 10 FM 23:20 antithetic whorlshell cX red fine FM 27:17 sea anemone

83 Diam. (max.) 4.5 dark brown to red fine 84 H. 6.8; Diam. (rim) 11; reddish brown fine Diam. (base) 4.4 ? 85 red fine 86 Diam. (rim) 15 red fine 87 Diam. (rim) 13-14 FM 42 joining semicircles brown fine (cf. FM 42:33) pendant from rim 88 Diam. (rim) 10 Vertical checkerboard bar red fine ? stem red 89 FM 19 multiple washy fine 90 Diam. (base) 4 brown fine

~~91 Diam. (rim) 6;H. 3.7 Traces of FM 42 joining semicircles? red fine~~

~~92 Diam. (rim) 10 red fine~~

93 Diam. (rim) 9 Traces of uncertain pattern brown fine 94 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 51:23 stemmed spiral red fine 95 Diam. (rim) 17 Trace of spiraliform pattern red fine 96 Diam. (rim) 14 Probably FM 62:19 tricurved archwith red fine spiral fill 97 Diam. (rim) 17 Traces only of paint red fine 98 Diam. (base) 14-15 Possible tail of FM 23 vertical whorlshell brown fine 99 Diam. (base) 14-15 FM 51 stemmed spirals (cf.FM 51:23) red fine 100 Diam. (base) 10 FM 60 N-pattern red fine 101 Diam. (base) 11 Uncertain motif red fine 102 Diam. (base) 15 brown fine 103 Diam. (base) 11 dark brown fine 104 Diam. (base) 14 red fine 105 Diam. (max.) 13 FM 62 tricurved arch connected by reddish brown fine concentric arcs 106 Diam. (waist) 13 red fine to 107 Diam. (waist) 13 Trace of FM 46 curtailed running brown reddish fine brown spiral from to 108 Diam. (rim) 15 Multiple tentacles rim; light dark brown medium-coarse cf. FM 21 octopus 109 Diam. (max.) 16 Variant of FM 21 octopus? brown fine 110 Diam. (max.) 14 FM 62 tricurved arch 8c reversed-6 fill red fine

~~111 Diairii (rim) 15 Uncertain pattern red to orange fine 112 Diam. (rim) 12 FM 58:34 parallel chevrons red fine 548 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat.No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

~~1 113 209-2-243 11:19 Kylix FS 257/258B piece; small part rim 114 209-2-46 12:1 Kylix FS 257 1 piece; 15% rim 115 228-2-94 12:2 Kylix FS 257 2 joining pieces; 7.5% rim~~

116 209-2-28 4 rim 12:3 Kylix FS 257 joining pieces; small part 117 209-2-112 12:4 Kylix FS 257 1 piece; 10% rim 118 209-2-25 11:1 Kylix FS 258A 5 joining pieces; 5% rim 6c body 119 228-2-142 11:2 Kylix FS 258A 1 piece; small part body

120 228-2-104 11:3 Kylix FS 258A 1 piece; small part body 209-2-41 2 most 121 11:4 Kylix FS 258A joining pieces; of stem, part of body 122 209-2-88 11:5 Kylix FS 258A 3 joining pieces; 100% base 6c stem, part of body

~~stem 123 228-2-28 11:6 Kylix FS 258A 1 piece; part of 124 209-2-38 11:7 Kylix FS 258A 2 joining pieces; part of stem 5c lower body 1 stem 125 228-2-23 11:8 Kylix FS258A piece; 6c part of lower body~~

228-2-22 1 stem 6c 126 11:9 Kylix FS 258A piece; part of lower body 1 stem 6c 127 228-2-27 11:10 Kylix FS 258A piece; part of lower body 128 228-2-25 11:11 Kylix FS 258A 2 joining pieces; stem 6c part of lower body stem 129 228-2-21 11:12 Kylix FS 258A 1 piece; 6c part of base

stem 130 228-2-24 11:13 Kylix FS 258A 1 piece; 6c part of lower body most stem 131 228-2-20 11:20 Kylix FS 258B (257?) 1 piece; of 6c part of lower body stem 132 209-2-8 11:21 Kylix FS 258B (257?) 2 joining pieces; upper 6c part of lower body 133 209-2-2 12:5 Kylix FS 258B 23 pieces mended into 8; 45% rim, 50% body, both handles 134 209-2-151 12:6 Kylix FS258B 5 joining pieces; 10% rim, 1 handle

~~135 209-2-86 12:7 Kylix FS 258B 7 joining pieces; 30% rim, 1 handle~~

~~136 228-2-42 12:8 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; 5% rim, 1 handle~~

137 228-2-55 12:9 Kylix FS 258B 2 pieces; 5% rim, small part body 138 228-2-77 12:10 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; 12.5% rim 139 228-2-39 12:11 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; 10% rim; burned 140 209-2-242 12:12 Kylix FS 257 1 piece; small part rim stem 141 209-2-89 12:13 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; part of 6c lower body

142 228-2-153 12:14 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; part of stem 6c lower body 1 stem 143 228-2-26 12:15 Kylix FS 258B piece; 6c part of lower body 1 most stem 144 209-2-156 12:16 Kylix FS 258B piece; of 1 stem 145 228-2-125 12:17 Kylix FS 258B piece; part of 146 228-2-29 12:18 Kylix FS 258B 1 piece; part of stem 6c lower body

4 mended 15% 1 147 209-2-163 9:1 Kylix FS 264 pieces into 2; rim, stump of handle 148 209-2-91 9:2 Kylix FS 264 1 piece; 16% rim 149 228-2-169 9:3 Kylix FS 264 1 piece; 10% rim 150 209-2-63 13:1 Krater FS 281 13 pieces mended into 5; 30% rim, 1 handle, large part ofbody 151 228-2-15 13:2 Krater (FS 9?) 1 piece; 5% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 549

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

113 Diam. (rim) 18 Probably FM 18 voluted flower red fine 114 Diam. (rim) 11 FM 23 horizontal whorlshell red fine 115 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 23 diagonal whorlshells; FM 29:14 red fine trefoil rockwork on rim 116 Diam. (rim) 15-16 FM 23 horizontal whorlshells brown fine 117 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 23 diagonal whorlshell brown fine 118 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 23 antithetic whorlshells reddish brown fine 119 Diam. (max.)14 FM 23 whorlshells, probably from brown fine group of 3 120 Diam. (max.) 12 FM 23 whorlshells, probably antithetic light brown fine 121 max. 8.1 brown p.H. FM 23 whorlshells, probably antithetic fine

122 Diam. (base) 9.2 FM 23 antithetic whorlshells, washy red fine FM 27:23 sea anemone max. 123 p.H. 6.9 FM 23 antithetic whorlshells dark brown fine 124 max. 6.8 p.H. Group of 3 FM 23 whorlshells reddish brown fine max. 125 p.H. 3 FM 18 hybrid flower with FM 48 reddish brown fine in stem quirk max. 126 p.H. 4.6 Probably FM 18 voluted/hybrid flower washy brown fine 127 max. 10.3 net red fine p.H. FM 18 hybrid flower with FM 57 fill 128 max. p.H. 5 FM 23 antithetic whorlshells red fine max. 129 p.H. 7.2 FM 18 hybrid flower with FM 53 wavy red fine line fill 130 max. net p.H. 5.5 FM 18 hybrid flower with FM 57 fill washy red fine max. 131 p.H. 8.2 FM 21 octopus red fine max. 132 p.H. 7.4 FM 21 octopus reddish brown fine 133 Diam. (rim) 15-16 FM 23 vertical whorlshells; FM 27:17 red fine sea anemone under handle 134 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 23 vertical whorlshell; FM 27 light brown fine sea anemone under handle 135 Diam. (rim) 13-14 FM 23 vertical whorlshells brown fine 136 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 23 vertical whorlshells; FM 27 red fine sea anemone under handle 137 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 23 vertical whorlshells brown fine 138 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 23 vertical whorlshell red fine 139 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 23 vertical whorlshells red fine 140 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 23 vertical whorlshell red fine max. to 141 p.H. 7.4 FM 23 vertical whorlshells (5 one red dark brown fine side, 4 on other) max. 142 p.H. 4.5 FM 23 vertical whorlshells red fine max. 143 p.H. 4.2 FM 23 vertical whorlshells red fine max. 144 p.H. 8.8 FM 23 vertical whorlshell red fine max. 145 p.H. 3.2 FM 23 vertical whorlshells red fine max. 146 p.H. 7.4 FM 18 hybrid flower with FM 58 red fine parallel chevron fill; FM 23 vertical whorlshells 147 Diam. (rim) 15 brown fine 148 Diam. (rim) 16 red fine 149 Diam. (rim) 19 brown fine 150 Diam. (rim) 29-30 FM 62 tricurved archwith FM 73 brown fine lozenge fill 151 Diam. (rim) 33 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 42 reddish brown fine arrow fringe 55o PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat.No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

~~152 209-2-59 13:3 Krater FS 9 2 joining pieces; 12.5% rim~~

~~153 209-2-11 13:4 Krater (FS 281?) 2 pieces; 7% rim, small part of body~~

~~154 209-2-37 13:5 Krater FS 9 1 piece; 5% rim~~

~~155 209-2-516c 13:6 Krater FS 9 2 pieces; 20% rim 209-2-84~~

~~156 209-2-40 13:7 Krater FS 9 2 joining pieces; 5% rim~~

~~157 209-2-72 13:8 Krater FS 9 1 piece; 4% rim~~

~~158 209-2-56 13:9 Krater FS 9 3 pieces; 15% rim~~

~~159 209-2-82 13:10 Krater FS 9 6 pieces mended into 3; 7.5% rim~~

~~1 near 160 209-2-152 13:11 Krater (FS 9?) piece; small part of body rim~~

~~1 near rim 161 228-2-98 14:1 Krater (FS 9?) piece; small part of body 162 228-2-145 14:2 Krater 1 piece; small part of body 163 209-2-111 14:3 Krater FS 281 1 piece; small part of body~~

164 209-2-117 14:4 Krater FS 281 2 joining pieces; part of lower body 165 209-2-124 14:5 Krater (FS 9?) 2 joining pieces; part of body 166 209-2-138 14:6 Amphoroid krater FS 55 3 joining pieces; small part of shoulder 6c base of neck

1 167 209-2-153 14:7 Krater FS 9 piece; small part of body, base of handle 168 228-2-108 14:8 Krater FS 9 1 piece; 8% rim 169 228-2-109 14:9 Krater (FS 9?) 1 piece; 9% rim 170 228-2-178 14:10 Krater (FS 9?) 1 piece; 8% rim

171 209-2-50 14:11 Krater FS 9 1 piece; small part rim 172 209-2-173 14:12 Krater 1 piece; 5% rim 173 209-2-116 14:13 Krater (FS 281?) 1 piece; 4% rim 174 209-2-97 14:14 Krater (FS 281?) 1 piece; 7.5% rim 175 228-2-234 14:15 Krater 2 joining pieces; 20% base same 176 209-2-167 14:16 Krater FS 9 3 pieces mended into 2; 40% base; may be vessel as 167 177 209-2-14 15:1 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 10% rim, 15% body, 1 handle

~~178 228-2-32 15:2 Deep bowl FS 284 5 joining pieces; 30% rim, part of 1 handle~~

~~179 228-2-74 15:3 Deep bowl FS 284 8 joining pieces; 20% body~~

180 209-2-13 15:4 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 20% rim, stump of handle 181 228-2-71 15:5 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 15% rim 182 209-2-23 15:6 Deep bowl FS 283/284 21 pieces mended into 3; 40% rim, 50% body, 1 handle

~~183 209-2-35 15:7 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 12% rim, part of 1 handle~~

184 228-2-120 15:8 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 4% rim 185 209-2-43 15:9 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 10% body 1 of 186 209-2-137 15:10 Deep bowl FS 284 piece; small part of body, part handle A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 551

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

152 Diam. (rim) 31 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 42 red fine arrow fringe fill 153 Diam. (rim) 29 FM 19 multiple stem(?); tongue of dark brown fine FM 15 palm II(?) (cf.FM 15:15) 154 Diam. (rim) 31 Probably FM 18 hybrid flower brown fine (cf. FM 18:33-35) 155 Diam. (rim) 27 FM 18 voluted/hybrid flower red fine

156 Diam. (rim) 34-36 Possibly FM 51 stemmed spiral or brown to reddish fine FM 19 multiple stem (curved) brown 157 Diam. (rim) 28 FM 23 antithetic whorlshells reddish to dark fine brown 158 Diam. (rim) 31 Probably FM 23 vertical whorlshell brown fine 159 Diam. (rim) 27 FM 19 multiple stem (angular) in dark brown to red fine checkerboard pattern? FM 160 Diam. (max.) 35 Uncertain pattern, including 58 reddish brown fine

parallel chevrons 161 Diam. (max.) 33 FM 23 vertical whorlshell red fine 162 Diam. (max.) 29 Probably FM 62 tricurved arch brown fine 163 Diam. (max.) 26 FM 18 voluted flower with arrow fill reddish brown fine at sides

~~164 Diam. (max.) 25 FM 46 curtailed running spiral red fine 165 Diam. (max.) 27 FM 46 running spiral red fine~~

~~166 Diam. (max.) 29 Uncertain pattern: tentacle of FM 21 dark brown fine~~

octopus? ? 167 red fine 168 Diam. (rim) 27 red fine 169 Diam. (rim) 25 red fine 170 Diam. (rim) 28 dark brown to fine reddish brown 171 Diam. (rim) 30-35 Traces of FM 23 antithetic whorlshells? red fine 172 Diam. (rim) 30 brown fine 173 Diam. (rim) 27 red fine 174 Diam. (rim) 28 red fine 175 Diam. (base) 11 brown fine 176 Diam. (base) 11 red fine

177 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 1man; edge of FM 48 quirk(?) at red fine edge 178 Diam. (rim) 13-14 FM 18A voluted flower flanked by red fine FM 23 whorlshell; 6-splash handle 179 Diam. (max.) 15 FM 18A voluted flower (cf.FM 18A:27) brown fine flanked by FM 48:15 quirk 180 Diam. (rim) 14-15 FM 18C unvoluted flowers red to orange fine 181 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 18C unvoluted flower red fine 182 Diam. (rim) 14-15 FM 23 diagonal whorlshells brown to dark fine brown 183 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 23 vertical whorlshell (probably dark brown fine antithetic pair) 184 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 23 vertical whorlshell red fine 185 Diam. (max.) 12 FM 23 vertical whorlshells brown fine

~~186 Diam. (max.) 17 Tail of FM 23 vertical whorlshell? red fine 552 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat.No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

187 209-2-26 16:1 Deep bowl FS 284 28 joining pieces; complete profile including 30% base, 60% body, 90% rim, 1 handle 6c scar of other 188 209-2-47 16:2 Deep bowl FS 284 or 5 joining pieces; 17.5% rim 6c body, stump of 1 handle stemmed bowl FS 305 189 228-2-105 16:3 Deep Bowl FS 284 1 piece; 7% rim

~~190 228-2-165 16:4 Deep bowl FS 284 or 2 joining pieces; 11% rim stemmed bowl FS 305 191 228-2-127 16:5 Deep bowl FS 284 4 pieces mended into 3; 5% rim, small part of body~~

192 209-2-29 16:6 Deep bowl FS 284 24 pieces mended into 3; 40% rim 6c body, part of base, of part both handles, including complete profile 193 228-2-123 16:7 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; small part of body 194 228-2-51 16:8 Deep bowl FS 284 8 pieces mended into 2; 50% rim 195 209-2-101 16:9 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; part of body 196 209-2-113 16:10 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; small part of body 197 228-2-163 16:11 Deep bowl FS 284 5 joining pieces; 10% rim 198 228-2-134 16:12 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim 6c base of handle 199 228-2-70 16:13 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 10% rim

~~scar 200 209-2-183 16:14 Deep bowl(?) FS 284 2 joining pieces; 10% rim, of handle 201 228-2-33 16:15 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 15% rim 6c upper body~~

~~202 209-2-145 16:16 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 12.5% rim~~

~~203 228-2-217 16:17 Deep bowl FS 284 or 3 joining pieces; part of body 6c stump of handle stemmed bowl FS 305 204 228-2-72 16:18 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 5% rim~~

~~205 228-2-89 16:19 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 5% rim~~

~~206 228-2-162 16:20 Deep bowl FS 284 or cup 1 piece; 4% rim~~

~~207 209-2-245 16:21 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; small part of lower body~~

~~208 228-2-37 17:1 Deep bowl FS 284 20 pieces mended into 4; 15% rim, 25% body, 100% base, including complete profile except handles~~

~~209 228-2-17 17:2 Deep bowl FS 284 20 pieces mended into 2; 45% complete vessel, including complete profile except small part of base floor~~

~~210 228-2-128 17:3 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 8% rim, small part of body 211 228-2-52 17:4 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 20% rim 212 228-2-57 17:5 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 15% rim~~

~~213 228-2-73 17:6 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 7.5% rim~~

~~214 228-2-90 17:7 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 553~~

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

187 H. 7.5; Diam. (rim) 11.9; FM 53:17 horizontal wavy line (close brown to reddish fine Diam. (base) 5.2 to FM 61:2 zigzag) brown 188 Diam. (rim) 12 FM 48 quirk red to reddish fine brown 189 Diam. (rim) 13 FM 48 quirk (horizontal); cf. FM 48:8 brown fine 6c 48:22 190 Diam. (rim) 12 FM 53:17 wavy line reddish brown fine

191 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 73 lozenge (horizontal chain) brown fine with Crosshatch fill 192 H. 9.8; Diam. (rim) 14-15; FM 58 parallel chevrons brown to dark fine Diam. (base) 4.7 brown 193 Diam. (max.) 12 FM 58 parallel chevrons red fine 194 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 46 running spiral brown fine 195 Diam. (max.) 11 FM 46 running spiral reddish brown fine 196 Diam. (max.) 14 Possibly FM 46 running spiral red fine 197 Diam. (rim) 13 FM 51 stemmed spirals red fine 198 Diam. (rim) 14 Probably FM 19 multiple stem red fine 199 Diam. (rim) 14-15 FM 51 stemmed spiral(?) pendant brown fine from rim

~~200 Diam. (rim) 10 FM 49 curve-stemmed spiral brown fine 201 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 62 tricurved archwith FM 45 brown fine~~

~~U-pattern fill 202 Diam. (rim) 12 Probably FM 62 tricurved archwith brown fine FM 27:17 sea anemone fill~~

~~203 Diam. (max.) 19 FM 62 tricurved arch reddish brown fine~~

~~43 204 Diam. (rim) 14 FM isolated semicircles pendant red fine~~

~~from rim; main pattern probably FM 62 tricurved arch 205 Diam. (rim) 14 Uncertain; possibly FM 44 concentric brown fine arcs?~~

206 Diam. (rim) 11 FM 45 U-pattern reddish orange fine Diam. 207 (max.). 13 FM 48 quirk (cf. also FM 29:18 trefoil reddish orange fine rockwork) 208 H. 10.9; Diam. (rim) 14; FM 50 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75 red to brown fine Diam. (base) 6.4 paneled pattern with FM 42:9 joining semicircles 6c FM 48 quirk fill 209 H. 10.0; Diam. (rim) 15; FM 50 antithetic spiralwith FM 73J reddish brown fine Diam (base) 5.6 lozenge fill 6c FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 48:15 quirk fill 210 Diam. (rim) 13 FM 50 antithetic spiral brown fine 211 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 50 antithetic spiral brown fine 212 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 50 antithetic spiralwith FM 45 reddish brown fine U-pattern fill 6c FM 75:5 paneled pattern with FM 53 wavy line fill 213 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 50 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75 brown fine paneled pattern with FM 53 wavy line fill 214 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 50 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75:2 red fine paneled pattern with FM 42:9 joining semicircles 554 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat.No. Inv.No. Preservation Figure Shape~~

~~215 228-2-111 17:8 Deep bowl FS 284 2 pieces; 10% rim~~

~~216 228-2-107 17:9 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; small part of body~~

~~217 228-2-34 5 17:10 Deep bowl FS 284 joining pieces; 20% complete vessel, including complete of profile except small part base floor 6c handle 218 209-2-70 17:11 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim~~

~~219 228-2-43 17:12 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 5% rim~~

~~220 228-2-58 17:13 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim~~

~~221 228-2-59 17:14 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 10% rim~~

~~222 228-2-60 17:15 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim~~

~~223 228-2-156 17:16 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 9% rim~~

~~224 209-2-77 17:17 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 12.5% rim~~

~~225 228-2-68 17:18 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% rim~~

~~226 228-2-69 17:19 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 15-20% rim~~

~~227 209-2-146 17:20 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; small part of body~~

228 209-2-36 15:11 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 17.5% rim, stumps of 1 handle 229 209-2-179 15:12 Deep bowl FS 284 1 piece; 10% body 6c 1 handle 230 228-2-176 15:13 Deep bowl FS 284 or 2 joining pieces; 5% rim, part of handle stemmed bowl FS 305 231 228-2-86 15:14 Deep bowl FS 284 2 joining pieces; 20% body, complete handle 232 228-2-259 15:15 Deep bowl FS 284 5 joining pieces; 80% base, part of lower body 1 100% of lower 233 209-2-122 15:16 Deep bowl FS 284 piece; base, part body

~~234 228-2-93 15:17 Deep bowl FS 284 3 joining pieces; 100% base, most of lower body 235 209-2-33 18:7 Linear basin FS 294 3 joining pieces; 10% rim, 1 handle~~

~~236 209-2-132 18:8 Linear basin FS 294 2 joining pieces; 50% base, small part of body 237 209-2-255 18:9 Linear basin FS 294 1 piece; 10% rim, 1 handle~~

238 228-2-18 18:1 Spouted conical bowl 24 pieces mended into 2; 50% complete vessel except FS300 handles 6c part of spout 18:2 conical bowl 2 239 228-2-7 Spouted joining pieces; 25% complete vessel except base floor, FS301 part of spout, most of handle 3 11% 240 209-2-12 18:3 Spouted conical bowl joining pieces; rim, complete spout (FS300?)

~~241 228-2-140 18:4 Conical bowl FS 290/300 1 piece; 7% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 555~~

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

215 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 50 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75 brown fine paneled pattern with FM 73 lozenge chain fill 216 Diam. (max.) 17 FM 50 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75 brown fine paneled pattern 217 H. 7.7; Diam. (rim) 11-12 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 42:10 red fine arrow fringe 218 Diam. (rim) 12-13 FM 19:41 tongue 6c FM 75 paneled red to orange fine pattern with FM 61 zigzag fill 219 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 19 tongue(?) 6c FM 75 paneled red fine pattern with FM 53 wavy line fill 220 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c reddish brown to fine FM 75:12 paneled pattern with black FM 48:15 quirk fill 221 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 48:22 brown fine quirk fill 222 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 48:5 red fine quirk fill 223 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 42:9 brown fine joining semicircles 6c FM 53 wavy line fill; possible traces of FM 58 chevrons in parallel panel 224 Diam. (rim) 11-12 FM 73A lozenge 6c FM 75 paneled red fine pattern with FM 58 parallel chevron fill in one, horizontal bars in other 225 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 73 lozenge 6c FM 75 paneled brown fine pattern with FM 25 bivalve chain fill 226 Diam. (rim) 10 FM 73 lozenge 6c FM 75 paneled red to orange fine pattern 227 Diam. (max.) 14 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 61 brown fine zigzag fill 228 Diam. (rim) 14 reddish brown fine 229 Diam. (rim) 13 brown to black fine 230 Diam. (rim) 20 brown fine

~~231 Diam. (max.) 14 Possibly FM 62 tricurved arch brown fine 232 Diam. (base) 6.3 reddish brown fine~~

233 Diam. (base) 4.3 washy reddish fine brown 234 Diam. (base) 3.5 red fine 235 Diam. (rim) 36 dark brown to fine reddish brown 236 Diam. (base) 14 red fine 237 Diam. (rim) 25? reddish brown fine 238 H. 12.8; Diam. (rim) 25; brown fine Diam. (base) 13 239 H. 6.2; Diam. (rim) 13 red fine

240 Diam. (rim) 27 FM 60 N-pattern on rim; FM 43:24 dark red to dark fine isolated semicircles pendant from rim; brown FM 46 running spiral(?) in zone 241 Diam. (rim) 22 brown fine 556 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

242 209-2-9 18:5 conical 5 scar Spouted bowl FS 301 joining pieces; 25% rim, spout, handle 243 209-2-87 18:6 Conical bowl? 2 joining pieces; 15% base 6c lower body 244 209-2-131 14:17 Stemmed bowl FS 303? 4 joining pieces; 30% base, small part of lower body 245 228-2-16 19:1 Stemmed bowl FS 305 10 pieces mended into 4; 20% rim, 30% body, 1 handle 6c scar of other 246 209-2-39 19:2 Stemmed bowl FS 304/305 1 piece; 10% rim, 1 handle 247 228-2-205 19:3 Stemmed bowl FS 305 4 joining pieces; 7% rim 248 209-2-19 19:4 Stemmed bowl FS 305 6 joining pieces; 5% rim 6c body 249 209-2-119 19:5 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 joining pieces; small part rim

250 209-2-3 19:6 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 7.5% rim 1 251 228-2-79 19:7 Stemmed bowl FS 305 piece; small part rim 252 209-2-139 19:8 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 4% rim 253 209-2-154 19:9 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; small part of body 254 209-2-18 19:10 Stemmed bowl FS 304 34 pieces mended into 6; 75% rim, 50% body, stump of 1 handle 255 209-2-75 19:11 Stemmed bowl FS 305 5 joining pieces; part of body

~~256 209-2-71 19:12 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 joining pieces; 9% rim~~

~~257 209-2-57 19:13 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 joining pieces; small part of body~~

~~258 228-2-31 20:1 Stemmed bowl FS 305 or 8 pieces mended into 2; 25% rim 6c body deep bowl 259 228-2-36 20:2 Stemmed bowl FS 305 5 pieces mended into 2; 25% rim 6c 1 handle~~

~~260 228-2-56 20:3 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 pieces; small part of rim~~

~~261 228-2-61 20:4 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 pieces mended into 2; 10% rim~~

~~262 228-2-141 20:5 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; part of rim~~

~~1 263 209-2-144 20:6 Stemmed bowl FS 305 piece; small part of rim~~

~~264 209-2-67 20:7 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 joining pieces; 10% rim~~

~~265 209-2-182 20:8 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 joining pieces; 5% rim~~

~~1 small near rim 266 209-2-281 20:9 Stemmed bowl? piece; part body~~

~~267 228-2-151 20:10 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 joining pieces; 8% rim~~

~~1 of rim 268 209-2-176 20:11 Stemmed bowl FS 305 piece; small part~~

~~269 228-2-97 20:12 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; small part of lower body~~

~~270 228-2-110 20:13 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 pieces; 10% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 557~~

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

on 242 Diam. (rim) 16-17 Concentric bands rim top dark redfine ? 243 Diam. (base) 8-9 reddish brown fine ? 244 Diam. (base) 14 dark brown fine 245 Diam. (rim) 19 FM 46 running spiralwith FM 10A brown fine iris at side 246 Diam. (rim) 14 FM 46 running spiral dark brownfine 247 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 46 running spiral reddish orange fine 248 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 46 running spiral brownfine horn of FM 15 brownfine 249 Diam. (rim) 19 Spiraliform pattern: palm II or FM 18 hybrid flower 250 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 46 running spiral light brownfine 251 Diam. (rim) 20 FM 46 running spiral brownfine 252 Diam. (rim) 19 Probably FM 46 running spiral orangefine 253 Diam. (max.) 18 FM 49 curve-stemmed spiral (reversed) reddish orange fine 254 Diam. (rim) 20.5 FM 18:27 hybrid flower flanked by dark brown fine FM 18:43 hybrid flowers 255 Diam. (max.) 16-17 FM 18A voluted flower (cf. FM 18:27) brownfine flanked by FM 23 whorlshell or FM 75 panel Uncertain variants 256 Diam. (rim) 17-18 pattern: perhaps of light brown fine FM 18? 257 Diam. (max.) 22 FM 18B hybrid flower 6c FM 75 reddish brown fine paneled pattern with FM 61 zigzag fill 258 Diam. (rim) 12 FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c finered FM 75 paneled pattern 259 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 42:10 brown fine arrow fringe, FM 43 isolated semicircles 260 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c FM 75 brownfine paneled pattern with FM 25 bivalve chain fill 261 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 43:22 isolated semicircles 6c brownfine FM 75 paneled pattern ? ? ? 262 FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c FM 75 paneled pattern 263 Diam. (rim) 20 FM 43:22 isolated semicircles 6c finered FM 75 paneled pattern 264 Diam. (rim) 23 FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c reddish brown fine FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 57 net fill FM 43 265 Diam. (rim) 19 Probably isolated semicircles brownfine 6c FM 75 paneled pattern 266 Diam. (max.) 13 FM 43 isolated semicircles, joined by light brown fine arcs; FM 27:34 sea anemone under neath 6c FM 75 paneled pattern 267 Diam. (rim) 16 Probably FM 62 tricurved archwith reddish brown fine FM 43 isolated semicircles accessory 268 Diam. (rim) 28(?) Probably FM 62 tricurved archwith redfine FM 43 isolated semicircles accessory 269 Diam. (max.) 18 FM 43:22 isolated semicircles 6c brownfine FM 75 paneled pattern 270 Diam. (rim) 21 FM 75 paneled pattern (cf.FM 75:10) red fine with FM 61 zigzag fill 558 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~Painted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat.No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

~~271 228-2-155 20:14 Stemmed bowl FS 305 6 joining pieces; part of body~~

~~272 228-2-137 2 20:15 Stemmed bowl FS 305 pieces; 12.5% rim, small part of body~~

~~273 228-2-96 20:16 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 joining pieces; small part of body~~

~~274 228-2-30 20:17 Stemmed bowl FS 305 5 joining pieces; 30% rim 6c upper body~~

~~275 209-2-143 20:18 Stemmed bowl FS 305 2 joining pieces; small part of body~~

~~276 228-2-119 20:19 Stemmed bowl FS 305 I piece; small part of body~~

~~277 228-2-14 21:1 Stemmed bowl FS 305 II pieces mended into 2; 40% rim 6c 1 handle scar 278 209-2-49 21:2 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 pieces mended into 2; 9% rim~~

279 209-2-96 21:3 Stemmed bowl FS 305 4 pieces mended into 2; 12.5% rim 6c 1 handle 280 209-2-17 21:4 Stemmed bowl FS 305 5 joining pieces; 12.5% rim 281 228-2-40 21:5 Stemmed bowl FS 305 3 joining pieces; 10% rim

2 20% 282 209-2-135 21:6 Stemmed bowl FS 305 joining pieces; base, complete stem, small part ofbody 283 209-2-141 1 80% stem 21:7 Stemmed bowl FS 305 piece; base, complete 284 228-2-84 1 21:8 Stemmed bowl FS 305 piece; 25% base, complete stem, small part of body 285 228-2-122 21:10 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 100% base 6c stem, small part of body 228-2-118 2 286 21:11 Stemmed bowl FS 305 joining pieces; 25% base, complete stem, part of lower body 287 228-2-53 22:14 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 5% rim 288 209-2-92 22:15 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 10% rim 289 209-2-93 22:16 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 5% rim 290 209-2-94 22:17 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 7.5% rim 291 209-2-95 22:18 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 10% rim 15 292 209-2-5 22:1 Stemmed bowl FS 305 pieces mended into 12; 20-25% rim, part of body, stump of 1 handle 293 228-2-63 22:2 Stemmed bowl FS305 5 pieces mended into 2; 15% rim 6c 1 handle 294 228-2-62 22:3 Stemmed bowl FS305 3 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c 1 handle 295 228-2-130 22:4 Stemmed bowl FS305 2 joining pieces; 11% rim 6c stump of handle 296 209-2-114 22:5 Stemmed bowl FS305 1 piece; 7.5% rim 297 228-2-91 22:6 Stemmed bowl FS305 5 joining pieces; part of body, 1 handle 298 209-2-148 22:7 Stemmed bowl FS305 1 piece; 4% rim 6c scar of handle 299 209-2-170 22:8 Stemmed bowl FS305 2 joining pieces; 5% rim 6c part of 1 handle

300 209-2-134 22:9 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 5% rim 6c 1 handle 301 209-2-172 22:10 Stemmed bowl (FS 304?) 1 piece; 7.5% rim 302 209-2-168 22:11 Stemmed bowl FS 305 9 joining pieces; 12.5% rim scar of 1 handle 303 209-2-121 22:12 Stemmed bowl FS 305 1 piece; 7.5% rim 304 209-2-158 22:13 Stemmed bowl FS 304/305 2 joining pieces; 7.5% rim

305 228-2-106 21:9 Stemmed bowl FS 305 8 joining pieces; 80% base 6c complete stem 306 209-2-58 Alabastron (FS 80?) 3 joining pieces; 20% rim 6c shoulder 307 228-2-64 Vapheio cup (FS 224?) 1 piece; 10% rim A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 559

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Motif Paint Color Fabric~~

271 Diam. (max.) 17 FM 51 antithetic spiral 6c FM 75 red fine paneled pattern with FM 43 isolated semicircles 6c FM 53 wavy line fill 272 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 75 paneled pattern with FM 41 brown fine circles(?) fill 273 Diam. (max.) 18 FM 75 paneled pattern (cf. FM 75:10) brown fine with FM 61 zigzag fill 274 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 62 tricurved archwith FM 41 red to brown fine circles fill

~~275 Diam. (max.) 17-18 FM 62 tricurved archwith FM 43:24 red fine~~

isolated semicircles accessory 276 Diam. (max.) 16 FM 62 tricurved archwith FM 43:24 red fine isolated semicircles accessory 277 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 58 parallel chevrons brown fine 278 Diam. (rim) 18 FM 61:11 vertical zigzag red to reddish fine brown 279 Diam. (rim) 15 FM 48:5 quirk reddish orange fine 280 Diam. (rim) 17 FM 45 U-pattern dark brown fine 281 Diam. (rim) 16 FM 19 multiple stem (or FM 62 reddish brown fine tricurved arch?) connected by FM 58 parallel chevrons 282 Diam. (base) 11 red fine

~~283 Diam. (base) 8.8 dark brown fine 284 Diam. (base) 9 red fine 285 Diam. (base) 7.9 red fine 286 Diam. (base) 7-8 red fine~~

287 Diam. (rim) 16 Wavy band (cf. FM 21 octopus) red fine 288 Diam. (rim) 16 Wavy band (cf.FM 21 octopus) brown out; red in fine 289 Diam. (rim) 17 Wavy band (cf. FM 21 octopus) red fine 290 Diam. (rim) 18 Wavy band (cf.FM 21 octopus) orange to red fine 291 Diam. (rim) 18 Wavy band (cf.FM 21 octopus) red fine 292 Diam. (rim) 19 reddish brown fine

293 Diam. (rim) 20 red fine 294 Diam. (rim) 18 red fine 295 Diam. (rim) 19 dark brown fine 296 Diam. (rim) 19 reddish brown fine 297 Diam. (max.) 17 brown fine 298 Diam. (rim) 23 reddish brown fine 299 Diam. (rim) 14 black to dark fine brown 300 Diam. (rim) 20 red fine 301 Diam. (rim) 14-15 red fine 302 Diam. (rim) 16 dark brown fine 303 Diam. (rim) 18 reddish brown fine

304 Diam. (rim) 20 Interior appears to be banded, may red out; brown in fine worn be solid paint 305 Diam. (base) 8.2 red fine 306 Diam. (rim) 7 red fine 307 Diam. (rim) 10 Probably FM 46 running spiral red fine 560 PATRICK M. THOMAS

~~UNPAINTED POTTERY~~

~~Cat. No. Inv. No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

308 228-2-242 4:10 Piriform jar/krater 1 piece; 30% base, part of body 309 209-2-55 23:5 Askos FS 195 117 pieces mended into 57; 40% base, large part 2 1 body, handles 6c scar, base of spout 6c attached handle

310 228-2-136 24:1 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 311 209-2-198 24:2 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 10% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 312 228-2-182 24:3 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 25% rim FS 69/105/128 313 228-2-206 24:4 Large jug/amphora/hydria 4 joining pieces; 20% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 314 228-2-246 24:5 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 20% rim FS 69/105/128 315 209-2-229 24:6 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 316 209-2-230 24:7 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 20% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 317 209-2-199 24:8 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 joining pieces; 20% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 318 209-2-147 24:9 Large jug/amphora/hydria 3 joining pieces; 12% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 319 209-2-210 24:10 Large jug/amphora/hydria 3 pieces mended into 2; 20% rim 6c part of neck FS 69/105/128 320 209-2-193 24:11 Large jug/amphora/hydria 2 pieces; 20% rim 6c part of handle FS 69/105/128 321 209-2-276 24:12 Large jug/amphora/hydria 3 joining pieces; 10% rim 6c neck FS 69/105/128 322 209-2-129 24:13 Narrow-necked jug(?) FS 120 1 piece; 50% rim 323 209-2-214 24:14 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 12% rim 1 scar 324 209-2-109 24:15 Small amphora (FS 67?) 3 joining pieces; 15% rim, handle 1 1 scar 325 228-2-267 24:16 Small amphora (FS 67?) piece; 25% rim, handle

326 228-2-248 24:17 Large jug/amphora/hydria 5 joining pieces; 100% base except small part of FS 69/105/128 floor, small part of body 327 228-2-240 24:18 Small amphora/jug (FS 67?) 4 joining pieces; 40% base, part of body 1 328 209-2-275 24:19 Large jug/amphora/hydria piece; 20% base, small part of body FS 69/105/128 329 228-2-261 24:20 Large jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 30% base, small part of body FS 69/105/128 331* 228-2-212 6:14 Miniature handmade jar FS 126 1 piece; small part of body, 1 handle 332 209-2-271 25:1 Cup FS 222 10 joining pieces; 10% complete vessel including of floor complete profile except small part base of 333 209-2-269 25:2 Cup (FS 220?) 6 joining pieces; 25% rim, 50% base, large part body 334 228-2-268 25:3 Cup FS 222 1 piece; 6% rim 6c complete handle 335 228-2-241 25:4 Cup (FS222?) 1 piece; 15% rim 336 228-2-264 25:5 Cup FS 222 2 joining pieces; 17.5% rim 337 228-2-247 25:6 Cup FS 222 1 piece; 17.5% rim 338 228-2-192 25:7 Cup FS 222 1 piece; 16% rim

~~was a *Item 330 duplicate of 41 and has been deleted. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 561~~

~~Fabric Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color~~

~~308 Diam. (base) 8 N/A fine 309 H. 19;Diam. (max.) 27-28; N/A fine Diam. (base) 9~~

~~310 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine~~

~~311 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine~~

~~312 Diam. (rim) 13-14 N/A fine~~

~~313 Diam. (rim) 13-14 N/A fine~~

~~314 Diam. (rim) 10-11 N/A fine~~

~~315 Diam. (rim) 13-14 N/A fine~~

~~316 Diam. (rim) 11 N/A fine~~

~~317 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine~~

~~318 Diam. (rim) 12-13 N/A fine~~

~~319 Diam. (rim) 10? N/A fine~~

~~320 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A coars~~

~~321 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine~~

~~322 Diam. (rim) 6.0 N/A fine 323 Diam. (rim) 11-12 N/A fine 324 Diam. (rim) 10 N/A fine 325 Diam. (rim) 9-10 N/A fine 326 Diam (base) 7.9 N/A fine~~

~~327 Diam. (base) 5-6 N/A fine 328 Diam. (base) 11 N/A fine~~

~~329 Diam. (base) 10-11 N/A fine~~

~~331* Diam. (max.) 7-8 N/A fine 332 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine~~

~~333 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A fine~~

~~334 Diam. (rim) 11 N/A fine 335 Diam. (rim) 10 N/A fine 336 Diam. (rim) 11 N/A fine 337 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine 338 Diam. (rim) 10-11 N/A fine 562 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Unpainted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

5 339 209-2-266 25:8 Cup/bowl pieces mended into 2; 7% rim, small part body, scar of handle 340 228-2-131 25:9 Cup FS 220 1 piece; 17.5% rim 341 209-2-31 25:10 Cup FS 220? 3 joining pieces mended into 2; 20% rim 6c part ofbody 342 228-2-19 25:11 Cup FS 204 conical cup 2 joining pieces; 5-10% vessel including complete (FS222?) profile, except possible handle 343 228-2-216 25:12 Conical cup(?) FS 204 1 piece; 20% rim 344 209-2-265 25:13 Cup FS 222 6 joining pieces; 90% base, small part body, stump of handle 345 209-2-204 25:14 Cup/bowl 1 piece; 100% base 6c part of body 346 228-2-133 25:15 Cup 3 joining pieces; 40% body 6c complete handle 1 347 209-2-162 25:16 Cup (FS 214?) piece; 35% base, small part body, stump of handle 348 209-2-244 25:17 Cup FS 220 1 piece; 100% base 6c small part of body 349 228-2-252 25:18 Cup FS 220 1 piece; 100% base 6c small part of body 350 209-2-16 25:19 Cup (FS 227 or 231?) 9 joining pieces; 40% rim 6c body 351 228-2-112 10:15 Mug FS 226 1 piece; 10% base 352 209-2-32 10:16 Mug FS 225 3 joining pieces; 15% base, part of body 353 228-2-113 10:17 Mug FS 226 2 joining pieces; 15% base 354 228-2-174 10:18 Mug FS 226 1 piece; 18% base, part of body 355 209-2-21 26:1 Dipper FS 236 7 joining pieces; 50% complete vessel including complete profile 356 209-2-178 26:2 Dipper FS 236 4 pieces mended into 2; 25% rim, 100% base, complete handle 228-2-183 26:3 FS 236 1 small most of 357 Dipper piece; part rim, handle; heavily burned 26:4 8 50% vessel 358 228-2-45 Dipper FS 236 joining pieces; complete except handle 359 228-2-95 26:5 Dipper FS 236 5 joining pieces; 5% rim, 25% base, part of body, including complete profile except handle 360 209-2-157 26:6 Dipper FS 236 2 joining pieces; 15% rim 6c body, scar of handle 361 209-2-127 26:7 Dipper? 7 pieces mended into 2; 25% rim 6c body

362 209-2-34 26:8 Dipper? 7 pieces mended into 2; 20% rim 363 209-2-126 26:9 Dipper 1 piece; 15% rim 6c body 364 228-2-116 26:10 Dipper FS 236 4 pieces mended into 2; 20% rim 6c body 365 209-2-164 26:11 Dipper? 1 piece; 7.5% rim 366 228-2-88 27:1 Angular kylix FS 267 3 joining pieces; 40% rim 6c body, complete handle 367 209-2-181 27:2 Angular kylix FS 267 13 joining pieces; 40% rim 6c body, complete handle 368 209-2-22 27:3 Angular kylix FS 267 7 joining pieces; 25% rim, complete handle 1 369 209-2-205 27:4 Angular kylix FS 267 piece; 7% rim, complete handle 1 20% 370 209-2-264 27:5 Angular kylix FS 267 piece; rim, part of body, complete handle 371 209-2-263 27:6 Angular kylix FS 267 1 piece; 22% rim 6c handle scar 372 228-2-215 27:7 Angular kylix FS 267 2 joining pieces; 20% rim, 25% body scar 373 228-2-211 27:8 Angular kylix FS 267 3 joining pieces; 30% rim, part of body, of handle 374 228-2-218 27:9 Angular kylix FS 267 10 joining pieces; 40% rim 6c body, scar of handle A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 563

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color Fabric~~

~~339 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A fine~~

~~340 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine 341 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A fine~~

~~342 H. 4.6; Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine~~

~~343 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine 344 Diam. (base) 4.4 N/A fine~~

~~345 Diam. (base) 4.8 N/A fine 346 Diam. (max.) 8.5 N/A fine 347 Diam. (base) 3-4 N/A fine~~

348 Diam. (base) 2.9 N/A fine 349 Diam. (base) 3.9 N/A fine 350 Diam. (rim) 13 N/A fine 351 Diam. (base) 15 N/A fine 352 Diam. (base) 17 N/A fine 353 Diam. (base) 14 N/A fine 354 Diam. (base) 14 N/A fine 355 H. 11.5; Diam. (rim) 8 N/A fine

~~356 H. 10.4; Diam. (rim) 8; N/A fine Diam. (base) 1.5 ? 357 N/A fine~~

~~358 Diam. (rim) 9.7 N/A fine~~

~~359 Diam. (rim) 8 N/A fine~~

~~360 Diam. 0 i)7 N/A fine~~

~~361 Diam. (1 a) 13-14 N/A fine; small sparkling inclusions 362 Diam. (1 a) 14 N/A fine~~

~~363 Diam. (1 a) 13 N/A fine~~

~~364 Diam. (1 a) 9 N/A fine~~

~~365 Diam. (1 a) 14 N/A fine~~

~~366 Diam. (1 a) 11-12 N/A fine~~

~~367 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A fine~~

~~368 Diam. (1 a) 13 N/A fine 369 Diam. (1 a) 15 N/A fine 370 Diam. (1 a) 10 N/A fine 371 Diam. (1 a) 11 N/A fine~~

~~372 Diam. (1 a) 13-14 N/A fine~~

~~373 Diam. (1 a) 12 N/A fine~~

~~374 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine 564 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Unpainted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv. No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

~~375 228-2-220 27:10 Angular kylix FS 267 6 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c body 376 228-2-219 27:11 Angular kylix FS 267 6 joining pieces; 25% rim 6c body~~

377 209-2-73 28:1 Rounded kylix 18 pieces mended into 6; 50% rim, part of body, complete handle 378 228-2-164 28:2 Rounded kylix 4 joining pieces; 5% rim, 25% body, 1 handle 379 209-2-177 28:3 Rounded kylix 10 pieces mended into 3; 35% rim, 1 handle 380 228-2-181 28:4 Rounded kylix 5 joining pieces; 12% rim,most of 1 handle 381 228-2-213 28:5 Rounded kylix 1 piece; 13% rim, part of 1 handle 1 scar 382 209-2-115 28:6 Rounded kylix piece; 6% rim, of handle 1 3% 383 209-2-213 28:7 Rounded kylix piece; rim, complete handle 1 4% 384 228-2-260 28:8 Rounded kylix piece; rim, complete handle 385 228-2-258 28:9 Rounded kylix 6 joining pieces; 5% rim, part of body, part of handle 1 386 228-2-198 28:10 Rounded kylix piece; 5% rim, complete handle scar of 387 209-2-256 28:11 Rounded kylix 2 joining pieces; 8% rim, handle 388 209-2-257 28:12 Rounded kylix 3 joining pieces; 15% rim 389 209-2-284 28:13 Rounded kylix 5 joining pieces; 15% rim 6c body 390 228-2-227 28:14 Rounded kylix 1 piece; 10% rim 6c body 391 228-2-230 28:15 Rounded kylix (part of FS 258A?) 1 piece; 10% rim 392 228-2-226 28:16 Rounded kylix 1 piece; 13% rim 393 228-2-231 28:17 Rounded kylix? 1 piece; 11% rim 394 228-2-237 28:18 Rounded kylix 4 joining pieces; 6% rim 6c body 395 228-2-245 28:19 Conical kylix 274 7 joining pieces; 40% rim, 20% body 396 209-2-108 29:11 Large basin FS 295 16 pieces mended into 2; 75% rim, 30% body, 25% base, both handles, preserving complete profile 397 209-2-249 29:12 Large basin/bowl 3 joining pieces; 10% rim, 1 handle 398 228-2-49 23:4 Krater 10 pieces mended into 3; 20% rim 6c body, 1 handle 1 of 1 handle 399 228-2-228 28:20 Large bowl piece; 13% rim, stump 400 209-2-104 27:12 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 1 piece; 20% vessel preserving complete profile except handles from base to rim 401 228-2-180 27:13 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 2 joining pieces; 10% vessel above 402 209-2-118 27:14 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 4 joining pieces; 30% rim, 1 handle 1 scar of handle 403 209-2-254 27:15 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 piece; 10% rim, small part of body, 14% of 1 404 228-2-207 27:16 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 2 joining pieces; rim, stump handle 405 228-2-197 27:17 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 1 piece; 14% rim, 1 handle 406 228-2-110 27:18 Shallow angular bowl FS 295 1 piece; 25% rim, 1 handle 407 209-2-225 29:3 Large bowl 1 piece; 9% rim rim 6c 408 209-2-165 30:1 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 43 pieces mended into 16; 90% neck, large burned part body, 100% base, stump of handle; 409 228-2-99 30:2 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 11 joining pieces; 40% rim 6c neck, part of shoulder, complete handle 410 228-2-224 30:3 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 8% rim, small part of body; burned 411 228-2-221 30:4 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 20% rim 6c neck 412 228-2-189 30:5 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 1 piece; 6% rim 6c neck; burned rim small 413 228-2-244 30:6 Cooking jug/amphora/hydria 3 joining pieces; 10% 6c neck, part of body 414 228-2-235 31:1 Tripod cooking pot 20 joining pieces; 10% rim, 30% body, 1 handle, 1 of complete leg 6c part another, preserving burned complete profile; A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 565

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color Fabric~~

~~375 Diam. (rim 11-12 N/A fine 376 Diam. (rim' 14 N/A fine~~

~~377 Diam.. (rirn 15 N/A fine~~

~~378 Diam. (r?rn 18 N/A fine 379 Diam. (rim 20 N/A fine 380 Diam. (rim 18 N/A fine 381 Diam. (rim 16 N/A fine 382 Diam. (rim' 16 N/A fine 383 Diam. (rim 18? N/A fine 384 Diam. (rirn 18 N/A fine~~

~~385 Diam. (rim' 19 N/A fine~~

~~386 Diam. (rim 18 N/A fine~~

~~387 Diam. (rim 17 N/A fine~~

~~388 Diam. (rim 17 N/A fine~~

~~389 Diam. (rim 15 N/A fine~~

~~390 Diam. (rim 15 N/A fine~~

~~391 Diam. (rim 15 N/A fine~~

~~392 Diam. (rim 19 N/A fine 393 Diam. (rim 19 N/A fine~~

~~394 Diam. (rim 18 N/A fine~~

~~395 Diam. (rim 15 N/A fine 396 H. 11.0; Diam. (rim) 32; N/A fine Diam. (base) 11~~

~~397 Diam. (rim) 21 N/A fine 398 Diam.. (rim) 28 N/A fine~~

399 Diam. (rim) 19 N/A fine 400 H. 5.5; Diam. (rim) 16; N/A fine Diam. (base) 5 401 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A fine 402 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A fine 403 Diam. (rim) 19 N/A fine 404 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A fine 405 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A fine 406 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A fine 407 Diam. (rim) 20 N/A fine 408 H. 28; Diam. (rim) 11.2; N/A medium-coarse Diam. (base) 8.0 409 Diam. (rim) 11 N/A medium-coarse

~~410 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A medium-coarse 411 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A medium-coarse 412 Diam. (rim) 13 N/A medium-coarse 413 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~414 H. 16.5; Diam. (rim) 12-13 N/A medium-coarse 566 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Unpainted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv.No. Preservation Figure Shape~~

415 209-2-208 31:2 Tripod cooking pot 3 joining pieces; small part neck, large part body, 1 handle; burned 416 209-2-248 31:3 Tripod cooking pot 6 joining pieces; 6% rim, small part body, 1 handle; burned 417 228-2-204 31:4 Tripod cooking pot 1 piece; 10% rim; burned

~~418 228-2-187 31:5 Tripod cooking pot 1 piece; 15% rim, 1 handle scar; burned~~

419 228-2-263 31:6 Tripod cooking pot 1 piece; 12.5% rim 6c upper body; burned 420 228-2-250 31:7 Tripod cooking pot 2 pieces; 50% rim 421 209-2-260 31:8 Tripod cooking pot 2 joining pieces; 15% rim, part of body; burned 422 209-2-207 31:9 Tripod cooking pot 4 joining pieces; 25% rim, small part of body; burned

~~1 small of burned 423 228-2-256 31:10 Tripod cooking pot piece; complete leg, part body;~~

~~424 209-2-274 31:11 Tripod cooking pot 1 piece; part of leg, small part of body 425 209-2-228 30:7 Wide-mouthed ovoid jar 1 piece; 8% rim 6c neck; burned~~

426 209-2-253 30:8 Cooking pot 2 joining pieces; 10% rim, part of body 8% 427 228-2-126 30:9 Spouted cooking bowl 2 joining pieces; rim, complete spout 428 209-2-105 30:10 Small cooking hydria 5 joining pieces; 40% rim, 70% upper body, 2 side handles, stump of vertical handle 429 228-2-214 30:11 Cooking bowl? 4 joining pieces; 4% rim; burned 8 into uncertain 430 228-2-48 32:1 "Souvlaki standVgriddle pieces mended 5; portion of vessel preserved 3 of 431 209-2-282 32:2 Spit stand joining pieces; complete profile except edges base 1 432 209-2-107 32:7 Cooking jar/pot piece; 100% base, small part of body

~~433 228-2-269 32:8 Cooking jar/pot 1 piece; 100% base; burned~~

1 small of 434 228-2-253 32:9 Cooking jar/pot piece; 100% base, part body 1 of lower 435 228-2-254 32:10 Cooking jar/pot piece; 45% base, part body; burned 436 228-2-255 32:11 Large cooking jar/pot 2 joining pieces; 40% base, small part of body 437 228-2-238 32:13 Cooking jar/pot 2 joining pieces; 50% base, part of body 438 228-2-186 29:1 Jar 6 pieces mended into 2; 20% rim, part of body; burned 439 228-2-191 29:2 Bowl 2 joining pieces; 15% rim; hard concretions on interior 441* 209-2-226 29:4 Bowl 1 piece; 4% rim 442 209-2-215 29:5 Jar? 1 piece; 10% rim 443 209-2-246 29:6 Dipper or ladle? 3 joining pieces; 10% rim, part of body 444 209-2-235 29:7 Bowl/krater 1 piece; 12% rim, part of body; burned 445 228-2-209 29:8 Spouted basin 8 pieces mended into 2; 10% rim, small part body, base of spout 446 228-2-265 29:9 Small jarwith toe 1 piece; 100% base, part of lower body 447 209-2-272 29:10 Jar 1 piece; 50% base, small part of body; burned 448 228-2-185 29:13 Basin 1 piece; 3% rim; burned 449 209-2-197 29:14 Basin 1 piece; 8% rim, part of body

~~was a *Item 440 duplicate of 407 and has been deleted. A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 567~~

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color Fabric~~

~~415 Diam. (max.) 15 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~416 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A medium-coarse; many dark~~

~~sparkling inclusions 417 Diam. (rim) 24 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~418 Diam. (rim) 20 N/A medium-coarse; many dark~~

~~6c silvery inclusions 419 Diam. (rim) 16 N/A medium-coarse 420 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A medium-coarse 421 Diam. (rim) 14 N/A medium-coarse 422 Diam. (rim) 12 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~423 Diam. (max.) 30-35 N/A medium-coarse; many small silvery 6c dark sparkling 6c a mica inclusions few gold 424 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~425 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A medium-coarse; some small~~

~~silvery sparkling inclusions 6c a few gold mica 426 Diam. (rim) 21 N/A medium-coarse 427 Diam. (rim) 24-25 N/A medium-coarse 428 Diam. (rim) 5-6 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~429 Diam. (rim) 27 N/A medium-coarse 430 Diam. (rim) ca. 45 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~431 H. 10.6 N/A~~

432 Diam. (base) 5.6 N/A medium-coarse; some small light sparkling inclusions 433 Diam. (base) 7.9 N/A medium-coarse; some small light sparkling inclusions 434 Diam. (base) 6.7 N/A medium-coarse 435 Diam. (base) 8 N/A medium-coarse 436 Diam. (base) 12-13 N/A medium-coarse 437 Diam. (base) 8.9 N/A medium-coarse 438 Diam. (rim) 16-18 N/A

~~439 Diam.. (rim) 21 N/A medium-coarse~~

~~441* Diam. (rim) 27 N/A medium-coarse 442 Diam. (rim) 22 N/A medium-coarse 443 Diam. (rim) 15 N/A medium-coarse 444 Diam. (rim) 26 N/A medium-coarse 445 Diam. (rim) 25 N/A~~

~~446 Diam. (base) 3.8 N/A coarse 447 Diam. (base) 9.1 N/A medium-coarse 448 Diam. (rim) 35-36 N/A coarse 449 Diam. (rim) 29 N/A medium-coarse 568 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Unpainted Pottery?continued~~

~~No. Preservation Cat. Inv.No. Figure Shape~~

into 450 209-2-184 33:1 Small orange jar 28 pieces mended 10; 50% rim, large part burned body, 90% base, stumps of 2 handles; 451 209-2-66 33:2 Orange(?)jar 1 piece; 40% base 452 228-2-262 33:3 Small orange jar 3 joining pieces; 40% base, part of lower body 453 228-2-199 33:4 Small orange jar 1 piece; 10% rim, 1 handle 454 209-2-190 33:5 Small orange jar 3 joining pieces; 20% rim, part of 1 handle; burned 455 209-2-218 33:6 Small orange jar 2 joining pieces; 5% rim, small part of body, part of handle into 10% of 456 209-2-209 33:7 Small orange jar 6 pieces mended 3; rim, part body, scars 1 of 2 handles (only fragment illustrated) 457 209-2-189 33:8 Small orange jar 3 joining pieces; 30% rim, part of body, part of handle 1 small of 458 209-2-241 33:9 Small orange jar piece; 12% rim, part body 459 228-2-225 33:10 Large orange jar 1 piece; 4% rim 460 228-2-229 33:11 Large orange jar 4 joining pieces; 7% rim, part of upper body 461 228-2-266 33:12 Large orange jar 2 joining pieces; 4% rim 462 228-2-201 33:13 Large orange jar 1 piece; 7% rim 463 209-2-212 33:14 Large orange jar 1 piece; 6% rim 464 209-2-240 33:15 Large orange jar 1 piece; 7% rim, part of body; burned 465 209-2-267 33:16 Large orange jar 1 piece; 7% rim 466 209-2-237 33:17 Large orange jar 1 piece; 4% rim, small part of body 467 228-2-202 33:18 Large orange jar 1 piece; 9% rim 1 5% small of 468 209-2-221 33:19 Large orange jar? piece; rim, part body

hard concretion on exterior 469 209-2-223 33:20 Large orange jar 1 piece; 5% rim; 470 209-2-224 33:21 Large orange jar 1 piece; 6% rim 471 209-2-236 33:22 Large orange jar 1 piece; 8% rim, small part of body 472 228-2-190 33:23 Jar/krater 2 joining pieces; 7% rim, part of upper body 473 228-2-196 33:24 Basin 2 joining pieces; 10% rim

474 209-2-262 34:4 Pithos 1 piece; 7% rim 475 209-2-223 34:5 Pithos 1 piece; 7% rim 15% of small 476 209-2-61 34:6 Large jar 2 joining pieces; rim, part neck, part ofupper body 477 209-2-195 34:7 Pithos 1 piece; 7% rim 478 209-2-234 34:8 Pithos 1 piece; 7% rim 479 209-2-220 34:9 Pithos/vat? 1 piece; 5% rim 1 rim 480 209-2-233 34:10 Pithos/vat? piece; 3-5% 481 209-2-283 34:11 Pithos/vat? 3 joining pieces; 10% rim 1 of rim 482 209-2-219 34:12 Pithos/vat? piece; small part rim 483 209-2-200 34:13 Pithos? 1 piece; small part of 484 209-2-259 34:14 Large jar 1 piece; 5% rim, part of body 485 209-2-261 34:15 Vat/pithos 1 piece; 5% rim 486 209-2-252 34:16 Vat/pithos 1 piece; 8% rim 487 209-2-251 34:17 Vat/pithos 1 piece; 10% rim 488 228-2-188 34:18 Large jar 1 piece; 7.5% rim

~~489 209-2-206 34:19 Large jar 1 piece; 8% rim~~

~~490 228-2-195 34:20 Large jar 1 piece; 6% rim 491 209-2-202 34:21 Large jar 2 joining pieces; 10% rim, small part of body A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 569~~

~~Fabric Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color~~

450 H. 17-18; Diam. (rim) 17; N/A coarse Diam. (base) 7.3 451 Diam. (base) 10-11 N/A medium-coarse 452 Diam. (base) 7-8 N/A coarse 453 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A medium-coarse 454 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A coarse 455 Diam. (rim) 20 N/A coarse

~~456 Diam. (rim) 18 N/A~~

~~457 Diam. (rim) 16-17 N/A coarse~~

458 Diam. (rim) 17 N/A medium-coarse 459 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A medium-coarse 460 Diam. (rim) 30 N/A coarse 461 Diam. (rim) 25-30 N/A coarse 462 Diam. (rim) 26 N/A medium-coarse 463 Diam. (rim) 30 N/A medium-coarse 464 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A coarse 465 Diam. (rim) 32 N/A coarse 466 Diam. (rim) 35 N/A medium-coarse 467 Diam. (rim) 26 N/A medium-coarse

468 Diam. (rim) 30? N/A medium-coarse; sparkling inclusions 469 Diam. (rim) 30 N/A medium-coarse 470 Diam. (rim) 32 N/A medium-coarse 471 Diam. (rim) 31 N/A medium-coarse 472 Diam. (rim) 28 N/A medium-coarse

~~473 Diam. (rim) 40 N/A medium-coarse; sparkling inclusions 474 Diam. (rim) 45 N/A coarse 475 Diam. (rim) 49 N/A coarse 476 Diam. (rim) 21 N/A coarse~~

477 Diam. (rim) 29 N/A coarse 478 Diam. (rim) 45-50 N/A coarse 479 Diam. (rim) 45 N/A coarse 480 Diam. (rim) 50 N/A coarse 481 Diam. (rim) 60? N/A coarse 482 Diam. (rim) 40-45 N/A coarse ? 483 N/A coarse 484 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A coarse 485 Diam. (rim) 43 N/A coarse 486 Diam. (rim) 52 N/A coarse 487 Diam. (rim) 32 N/A coarse

~~488 Diam. (rim) 25-30 N/A coarse; many silvery sparkling inclusions~~

~~489 Diam. (rim) 30 N/A coarse; many silvery sparkling inclusions 490 Diam. (rim) 28 N/A coarse 491 Diam. (rim) 32 N/A coarse 57? PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

~~Unpainted Pottery?continued~~

~~Cat. No. Inv. No. Figure Shape Preservation~~

492 209-2-222 34:22 Large jar 2 joining pieces; 5% rim, small part of body; burned 493 209-2-217 34:23 Large jar 1 piece; 10% rim 494 209-2-216 34:24 Jar 1 piece; 5% rim, part of body 495 209-2-227 34:25 Jar? 1 piece; 5% rim 496 228-2-194 35:1 Tub 3 pieces; 10% rim 497 228-2-203 35:2 Tub 1 piece; 6% rim 498 209-2-203 35:3 Tub 3 pieces mended into 2; 10% rim, base of 1 handle 499 209-2-232 35:4 Tub 1 piece; 5% rim, 1 handle 500 209-2-247 35:5 Tub 3 joining pieces; 7% rim, part of body, 1 handle 501 22872-243 35:6 Tub 1 piece; part of base 6c lower body 502 228-2-257 35:7 Tub 1 piece; 8% rim, part of body 503 209-2-279 35:8 Tub? 2 pieces; 25% base, part of body 504 228-2-222 35:9 Vat? 1 piece; 11% rim 505 209-2-201 35:10 Vat/jar 1 piece; 6% rim, part of body 506 209-2-211 35:11 Vat/large jar 9 pieces mended into 3; 25-30% rim, part of body 507 209-2-194 35:12 Vat 1 piece; 9% rim 508 228-2-239 32:12 Jar? 2 joining pieces; 100% base, part of body stem re?ut as stem 509 228-2-170 32:3 Kylix stopper 1 piece of 510 32:4 stem re?ut as stem 228-2-171 Kylix stopper 1 piece of 511 stem re?ut as 1 stem 228-2-172 32:5 Kylix stopper piece of 32:6 stem re?ut as 1 stem 512 228-2-173 Kylix stopper piece of

~~FIGURINES~~

~~Cat. No. Inv. No. Figure Type Preservation~~

1 513 228-2-4 36:1 Probably Psi piece; upper part of head 1 514 209-2-7 36:2 Probably Psi piece; upper part of head 2 entire nose 515 228-2-9 36:3 Probably Psi joining pieces; head except tip of 6c 50% of polos 1 of 516 228-2-8 36:4 Probably Psi piece; part chest 517 228-2-11 36:5 Probably Psi 1 piece; part of chest 1 stem torso 518 228-2-12 36:6 Phi piece; part of 6c large part of or 1 most stem torso 519 228-2-5 36:7 Phi Psi piece; of 6c small part of 3 1 stem 520 209-2-48 36:8 Hollow Psi joining and nonjoining pieces; part of 1 stem 521 228-2-124 36:9 Hollow Psi(?) piece; small part 228-2-13 36:10 of 1 most of stub of 1 arm 522 Infant, part kourotrophos? piece; torso, 1 523 228-2-3 36:11 Quadruped piece; entire head except horn tips, body, stumps of front legs; burned 524 228-2-2 36:12 Quadruped 1 piece; front half of animal 525 228-2-1 36:13 Quadruped 1 piece; part of body and neck, 1 front leg 6c stump of the other 526 209-2-65 36:14 Bed, stool, or throne 1 piece; furniture leg 1 of 527 209-2-64 36:15 Stool? piece; part seating surface 6c stump of leg A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 571

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color Fabric~~

~~492 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A~~

493 Diam. (rim) 34 N/A coarse 494 Diam. (rim) 31-35 N/A coarse 495 Diam. (rim) 35 N/A medium-coarse 496 Diam. (rim) 35-40 N/A coarse 497 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A coarse 498 Diam. (rim) 32 N/A coarse 499 Diam. (rim) 30-35 N/A coarse 500 Diam. (rim) 23-25 N/A coarse 501 Diam. (base) 15-20 N/A coarse 502 Diam. (base) 35 N/A coarse 503 Diam. (base) 19 N/A coarse 504 Diam. (rim) 27 N/A coarse 505 Diam. (rim) 30 N/A coarse 506 Diam. (rim) 36 N/A coarse 507 Diam. (rim) 38 N/A coarse 508 Diam. (base) 10.4 N/A medium-coarse 509 N/A 510 N/A 511 N/A 512 N/A

~~Cat. No. Dimensions (cm) Paint Color Fabric~~

~~max. 513 p.H. 2.2 brown fine 514 max. 1.95 p.H. light brown fine max. 515 p.H. 3.55 brown fine~~

max. 516 p.H. 1.7 red fine max. 517 p.H. 2.0 reddish orange fine max. 518 p.H. 5.5 dark brown fine max. 519 p.H. 6.6 brown fine max. 520 p.H. 4.65 brown fine max. 521 p.H. 4.2 red fine max. 522 p.H. 2.9 dark brown fine 523 max. max. 3.4 p.L. 6.4; p.H. red fine

~~524 max. max. 3.7 p.L. 3.2; p.H. red fine 525 max. max. 4.4 p.L. 2.8; p.H. brown fine~~

~~526 L. 2.8 brown fine max. 527 p.H. 1.9 red fine 572 PATRICK M. THOMAS~~

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Benzi, M. 1975. Cer?mica micenea in fication (SkrAth 4?, 20), repr. Stock Attica, Milan. holm. C.W. 1928. A Pre -. 1992. 3: Biegen, Zygouries: Mycenaean Pottery Settlement in ed. P. R. and historic the Valley of Plates, ?str?m, H?gg, G. Stockholm. Cleonae, Cambridge, Mass. Walberg, -. 1937. Helladic and W. Gercke. 1975. Prosymna: The Gercke, P, Settlement Ar Her 1971: Graben Preceding the give "Tiryns-Stadt H," in und Berichte aeum, 2 vols., Cambridge. Tiryns: Forschungen 8, Bruns, G. 1970. K?chenwesen und ed. U. Jantzen, Mainz, pp. 7-36. Mahlzeiten (ArchHom2Q), G?t Haskeil, H. W. 1981. "Coarse-Ware at BSA tingen. Stirrup-Jars Mycenae," 76, 1977. at the 225-238. Catling, H. "Excavations pp. K. 1979. in Menelaion, Sparta, 1973-1976," Kilian, "Ausgrabungen zu AR 23, pp. 24-42. Tiryns, 1977: Bericht den K. 1997. AA 379-411. Dabney, M. "Craft Product Grabungen," 1979, pp. as an C. 1985. "Ceramic Ethno Consumption Economic Kramer, Annual Review Indicator of Site Status in Regional archaeology," of 77-102. Studies," in Laffineur and Betan Anthropology 14, pp. court 1997, vol. 2, pp. 467-471. Laffineur, R., and P. P. Betancourt, eds. 1974. 1997. TEXNH: DeBoer, W. "Ceramic Longev Craftsmen, Crafts and in the ity and Archaeological Interpreta women, Craftsmanship Bronze the tion: An Example from the Upper Aegean Age. Proceedings of 6th International Ucayali, Peru," AmerAnt 39, Aegean Conference, pp. 335-343. Philadelphia, Temple University, 1988. Das 18-21 1996 Demakopoulou, K., ed. my April (Aegaeum 16), kenische Hellas: Heimat der Helden 2 vols., Li?ge. Homers, Athens. Leonard, A., M. Hughes, A. Middle 1969. "Les vases and L. Schofield. 1994. "The Deshayes, J. Vollgraf ton, de la Deiras," BCH 93, pp. 574-616. Making of Aegean Stirrup Jars: Dow, S. 1971. "ARibald Vase from Technique, Tradition, and Trade," 199. BSA Mykenai,"4/_4 75, p. 88, pp. 105-123. 2002. "A New Bronze Foster, G. M. 1960. "Life-Expectancy Marchand, J. in of Utilitarian Pottery in Tzintzun Age Site the Corinthia: The tan, Michoacan, Mexico," AmerAnt Orneai of Strabo and Homer?" 119-148. 26, pp. 606-609. Hesperia 71, pp. French, E. 1965. "Late Helladic IIIA 2 Marinatos, S. 1964. "Some Hints about Eastern Mediterranean Pottery from Mycenae," BSA 60, Mythology," pp. 159-202. Archaiologike Ephemeris 1964, -. "A Late 1-14. 1966. Group of Hel pp. L. 1987. "AMinoan Larnax ladic IIIB 1 Pottery from Mycenae," Morgan, BSA 61, pp. 216-238. from Knossos," BSA 82, pp. 171 -. 200. 1967. "Pottery from Late Hel ladic IIIB 1 Destruction Contexts at Mountjoy, P. A. 1976. "Late Helladic BSA 149-194. IIIB 1 the Con Mycenae," 62, pp. Pottery Dating -. 1969. "A Late struction of the South House at Group of Hel ladic IIIB 2 Pottery fromMycenae," Mycenae," BSA 71, pp. 77-111. -. 1986. Decorated BSA 64, pp. 71-93. Mycenaean -. A Guide to 1971. "The Development of Pottery: Identification Mycenaean Terracotta Figurines," (SIMA 73), G?teborg. -. 1999. BSA 66, pp. 101-187. Regional Mycenaean Decorated 2 Rahden. Furtw?ngler, A., and G. L?schke. 1886. Pottery, vols., Berlin. G. 1975. Mykenische Vasen, Mylonas, "AvocaKoecpri Mrjicr| Furumark, A. [1941] 1972. TheMyce vcov,"Prakt 1973 (1975), pp. 99 naean 1: and Classi 107. Pottery Analysis A DEPOSIT OF LATE HELLADIC IIIBI POTTERY 573

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~~Patrick M. Thomas~~

~~University of Evansville~~

~~department of archaeology and art history~~

~~1800 lincoln avenue~~

~~indiana evansville, 47722~~

~~[email protected]~~