Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

March 2009

Elveden Draft Conservation Area Appraisal

March 2009 3 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Contents Key Characteristics 4 Local Detail 28 Conservation Area map 5 Prevalent Local Building Materials 28 Introduction 6 Green Spaces 30 Special Interest of the Conservation Area 7 Extent of Loss, Intrusion & Damage 31 Location & Context 7 Neutral Areas 31 General Character & Plan Form 8 General Condition of the Area 31 Landscape Setting 8 Buildings at Risk 31 Landmarks & Panoramas 8 Problems, Pressures & Capacity for Change 31 History & Development 9 Community Involvement 32 Archaeology 12 Boundary Changes 32 Character Analysis Local Generic Guidance 33 Estate Village Spatial Analysis 13 Summary of Issues 35 Key buildings 14 Management Proposals 35 Buildings 15 Useful Information 36 Elvedon Park Spatial Analysis 18 Bibliography 37 Lodges Area 19 Appendix 1 Appraisal Plan 38 The Dell Area 19 Appendix 2 Positive contributing buildings 39 The Hall Area 21 Appendix 3 County Sites & Monuments Record 43 Parish Church & North Lodge Area 23 West Lodge Area

4 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Key Characteristics  Evidence for a history of continuous human occupation from prehistoric times

 Medieval manorial origins

 Hall, Park & Estate village

 The work of a Single Building Campaign, the work of Father & Son, Architects

 Important Historic Buildings, Medieval Church, and C19th Hall, Stables and Water Tower.

 Buildings on an ‘Heroic Scale’

 Estate buildings in a consistent Edwardian ‘Country House Style’

 Buildings in woodland setting

 Designed Landscape with a 250 year old structure

 Secluded Park with designed landscape of grass lawns with scattered specimen trees

 Landscape formed from open spaces with belts of woodland and historic clumps

5 Conservation Area Map (Fig 1) Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal 6 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Introduction desirable to preserve or enhance.’ Within our cities, towns and villages are Conservation areas were introduced areas of special architectural and historic through the Civic Amenities Act in 1967 character, which are to be valued and and there are now 13 in Forest Heath protected as a central part of our cultural District. The Elveden Conservation Area identity. They contribute in many ways to was first designated on 19th October 1973 our understanding of the present and the and has an area of 70 Ha. The past and add quality to our lives. They are Conservation Area includes the historic also of immense importance to tourism, designed landscape of Elveden Park and are a precious and irreplaceable asset, where it forms the setting of a group of which once lost are gone forever. significant architectural or historic buildings and the estate village of Elveden Caring for them is a dynamic process (Fig 2) The Cottage Homes which involves managing change. This Having designated a conservation area, does not mean keeping everything from Forest Heath Council has a duty to review requirement for more exacting standards the past but it does mean making careful the conservation area and having of design for alterations and new judgements about the value and consulted the local community, draw up development. The Council when significance of buildings and landscapes proposals for its preservation and exercising its planning powers will pay to be preserved in the future. enhancement. special attention to the preservation and Critical to these decisions is an The survey of the village for this appraisal enhancement of the conservation area understanding and appreciation of an took place in August and September 2008. according to the policies for the built areas character, including its social and Public consultation will take place in environment set out in the Forest Heath economic background and the way in December 2008 & January 2009. Local Plan. which such factors have shaped its fabric. Designation introduces additional planning This conservation area appraisal is This should be the starting point for controls over the demolition of buildings, designed to set out the value and making decisions about both its over minor development and the protection significance of the Elveden Conservation management and its future. of trees. Area which will provide a basis, for local Conservation areas are ‘areas of special development documents and It is not intended to prevent new development control decisions. architectural or historic interest, the development or stifle the area’s economic character or appearance of which it is life or potential but it may mean a 7 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

It provides guidance on:  What areas should remain undeveloped to protect the setting of buildings and views which make a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the conservation area.  What buildings and features such as historic walls, mature trees and hedges should be retained or conversely, whether there are any buildings or features which are out of character which the council would encourage to be removed and replaced with more sympathetic development;  Appropriate materials to be used for repairs and new development.  Areas in public ownership, including the public highway, which would benefit from enhancement proposals. Special Interest of the Elveden Conservation Area Location & Context Elveden is situated in the north of the district, in the heart of the (Fig 3), lying, 7.2 km To the north, Newmarket 25.7 km to the south- west and , 26.2 Km to (Fig 3) Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. 100023282. 2008. 8 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal the south-east. The Icknield Way, the through the village; a source of danger to ancient track-way between West-Norfolk pedestrians and estate vehicles, and a and Buckinghamshire, formed the eastern source of noise and atmospheric pollution boundary of the parish. It was superseded within the settlement. by the 18th-century turnpike between Landscape Setting and London that passes through the village. The area is covered by extensive tracts of woodland interspersed with large arable Breckland is a large area of sandy soil fields or open spaces of mown or long over chalk, once, open heaths, sheep grass. The conservation area is generally walk and rabbit warrens. Today little heath enclosed all around by mature woods, remains, it having been converted into though to south, where the boundary expanses of arable field with coniferous follows the southern edge of Home Wood, shelter belts, or into extensive areas of there are views across arable fields and (Fig 4) The Memorial T ower, A l andscape woodland. historic tree clumps. eyecatcher. Elveden’s situation is deep in the The landform appears generally flat countryside in the heart of Thetford and estate office. The second area, although it falls gently from east to south- Forest, its population is employed at beyond Brandon Road Crossroads west. South of the Hall the land slopes to Centreparks Holiday Village in the north- contains the village school, its cottages south; north of the Hall it initially falls to west of the parish, on military bases in the lining the sides of a triangular green. north-east and then rises steeply. North- area or on the Elveden Estate; on its west of the Hall it rises gently towards the farms, forestry, sporting interests, and the Within the park gates, in a beautiful church and to west and south-west of the Estate Shops and Cafe Restaurant. mature and intensively managed park, are prodigious Edwardian Buildings and Hall the land rises abruptly suggesting General Character & Plan Form former estate workers cottages, in that the Hall is on an artificial level The conservation area includes the estate secluded settings. platform. village and mature parkland setting for The character of the ‘park’ is that of an Landmarks & Panoramas Elveden Hall and its ancillary buildings. historic pleasure ground having mown The Water Tower and the Memorial Tower The village was rebuilt in the early 20th- grass and specimen trees. (Fig 4) can be seen from locations within century in two small areas; the principal There is a continuous stream of heavy the park. The water tower is visible above area being around the church, Hall gates traffic on the A11 trunk road which passes the surrounding trees. There is a fine view 9 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal of the north front of the Hall from the access road from the North Lodge. History, Development & Archaeology Elveden is first recorded as the Saxon “Eluedena”, meaning swan valley, or valley haunted by elves or fairies. It has persisted and metamorphosed throughout history in as colourful a manner as its architecture would suggest. Archaeological finds suggest Elveden was once a Paleolithic river valley, and has had human inhabitants for at least four hundred thousand years.

The Domesday census of 1086 describes (Fig 6) Draft Ordnance Survey Map 1816-1820 a village of around 40 occupants occupied (Fig 5) Hodkinsons 18th Map of by animal husbandry, a little arable, fishing and wildfowling. The three manors Kendall. Between 1766 and 1768 it was Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh in 1894 were held by Normans, The Abbott of St bought by Admiral Keppel. (created who’s heirs and descendants have been Edmunds, Count Eustace and Count Viscount Keppell of Elveden in 1782) . On in continuous residence since then. The Gilbert. There was one manor known as his death in 1786 the estate passed to his present owner is Lord Edward Iveagh, the Elveden or Elden Manor; and two sub- nephew, the 4th Earl of Albemarle and at 5th Earl. some time leased to the Duke of Bedford manors ,Stanes al Monks Hall and Late C18th Changes Gelham al Hastings. The sub-manors as a Shooting Box. In 1813 the estate was were absorbed by the main manor by the sold to William Newton, a rich West Indies By the end of the C19th-century the 16th-century. merchant and after his death in 1862 it village comprised of 134 inhabitants living was acquired by trustees for H.H. in 13 houses around the church and Hall. At the Reformation, Elden Manor was Maharaja . The estate A tower had been added to the Norman given by Henry VIII to the Duke of Norfolk. reverted to the crown on the death of the church in the 13th-century, a south chapel It passed to the Crisps and the Tyrells and Maharaja in 1893. in the 14th and a south aisle in the 15th in 1655 the estate was owned by Mr century. There is no record of the 17th- The crown sold the estate to Cecil 10 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

(Fig 7) 1850 Tithe Award Map (Fig 8) . 1885 Ordnance Survey Map (Fig 9) 1935 Ordnance Survey Map century manor house and although enclosure to south-east formed by the landscape. General Keppell is believed to have built a Barnham Road to north and a north to William Newton house at Elveden there is no trace of it south road to west from the Turnpike to today. General Keppell appears in the the ‘Old London Road’ at Elveden Gap. William Newton made significant changes account book of Capability Brown for to the house and estate at Elveden The 4th Earl Albemarle had 4000 acres in following his acquisition in 1813, including 1769. Brown may have advised on the his own occupation which he greatly landscape, siting and construction of the the removal or more than a mile of road. improved with planting and cultivation. house and while, in 1763 there were 80 The draft Ordnance Survey Map of 1816- The 1816 road closure map shows the acres of designed landscape, no records 1820 (fig 6) shows the house in the north- house facing north across a court with a of Browns landscape or architectural work west corner of a ‘park, enclosed by tree carriage circle from which a tree lined exist. belts on its east, north and west sides, avenue lead due north to the Turnpike. Hodskinson’s Map of Suffolk (Fig 5), broken by a north-south vista aligned with South-west of the avenue was a large shows Norwich to London Turnpike the gardens east of the hall and ending pond which is still there today Figs 6 & 8). (opened in 1768) turning south-west against a tree clump. The tree belts A further tree lined path lead from north around the church to join the Barnham contained serpentine paths, and this of the pond to the church. The Tithe Road and the hall set within a rectangular planting can be seen in the present 11 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Award Map of 1850 (Fig 7 ) shows the Maharaja Duleep Singh Barnham Road, north of the Hall replaced The Maharaja (Fig 10) acquired the by a new road to the north east, the road Elveden Estate for sporting purposes and east of Walnut Close and the Old Bury his lavish alterations to the Hall were Road were closed though most of the necessary for the entertainment of royalty Barnham Road and the Bury Road were at frequent shooting parties. The Georgian retained as estate roads. The combined hall was remodelled by the architect John road closures of Lord Albemarle & William Norton in 1863-70, adding an Italianate Newton left the Hall isolated in a private wing and making substantial interior landscape of over 1,000 acres. changes with much Indian ornamental By 1850, the north access to the turnpike detail. had been removed and replaced by a new The landscape remained substantially the road to the Hall, entering the grounds east same except for thinning the south-west of the church and crossing Church section of Home Covert and the reversion Meadow west of the pond. of arable to heath or woodland of a The entrance court was removed and the mixture of deciduous and coniferous entrance opened out into a splayed trees. It is likely that the Maharaja built entrance still containing a carriage circle. extensively within the estate. Among his To the south of the hall was ‘Home works are probably the brick and clunch Covert’, the tree belts planted by Lord walled kitchen garden across the road opposite the church; Brandon Road Albemarle and enclosing an area described as ‘pleasure grounds. The vista Cottages, now the Elveden Inn; Paddock Cottages now the Dell; and 81-82 between the tree belts south of the Hall (Fig 10) Maharajah Duleep Singh was occluded and contained ‘The Porter’s Brandon Road and possibly the red brick Lodge’ (Renamed South Lodge by 1890). and flint buildings of 48 London Road. were immediately east of the hall. Further There is little map evidence for To the west of Church meadow was ‘Ice east was an area described as ‘the walled construction dates though the Maharaja’s House Piece’ which contained an ice in piece and contained a gardener’s work was often built with flint rubble walls house in its north-east corner. cottage. and slate roofs. The kitchen garden and garden paddock

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1st Earl of Iveagh and cottages were also built. The church from Glebe Wood in the east and Lime Pit The Maharaja died in 1893 and the estate was restored and extended and finally, on Wood in the west. was purchased by Cecil Guinness, 1st the eve of The Great War, the Cottage During the Second World War Elveden Earl of Iveagh in 1884. Lord Iveagh added Homes were built for retired estate Hall became the headquarters of the third the parish and village of to the workers. bombardment group of the United State estate in 1898 and added the lower part of The other village centre was to the south- Air Force who set up camp in the park and Wangford in 1899. west at the Brandon cross roads, where a Lord and Lady Iveagh moved to a cottage Lord Iveagh undertook a substantial new school and cottages around a green on the estate. The park was defaced by construction program on the estate contributed to the approach to the camps, tin huts, concrete roads, barbed Brandon Road Gate to the stables and the wire, tank traps and latrines. between 1895 and 1914. Between 1899 and 1903 he extended the house to the hall. Following the war, Lord & Lady Iveagh designs of the architect William Young, By 1926, the London Road was enclosed restored the landscape, and built building a mirror image of the Maharaja’s by tree belts and all the field boundaries additional village homes and converted house to the east and uniting the two north of the Hall had been removed and the stables into flats. halves with a spectacular Indian hall, the area planted as a landscaped park The Hall has remained unoccupied from rising above the house under a dome. at least before 1964. The contents were There followed an extensive complex of sold in 1984. stables, walled kitchen garden and water tower south-west of the house. Archaeology The turnpike west of the church was A Time Team archaeological dig straightened, the toll house removed and discovered that Elveden had once been a Elveden village rebuilt north of the Palaeolithic river valley and found flint turnpike and six gate lodges were built on tools that suggested human inhabitants the access drives from the perimeter from four hundred thousand years ago roads. The village buildings were located and a wide range of flint and stone axes, on two foci, to the north-east opposite the arrow heads have been found on the church and adjacent to the walled kitchen Elveden Estate. garden. Here new estate offices and Within the conservation area the Suffolk works buildings, village hall, and post Fig (11 ) Heavy Traffic on the A11 through the Sites and Monuments Record contains office were built. Later came a new rectory Village descriptions of Iron Age coins, pots and 13 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal cremation burial; a Roman coin hoard and The A11 Trunk Road dominates the settlement scatter, the medieval church of centre of the conservation area. Today, St Andrew & St Patrick a post medieval only a gentle curve marks where before ice house and the record of a lime pit in 1900 there were pronounced bends in the Limepit Wood. Areas of archaeological road round the north side of the interest are identified around the estate churchyard, and then sharply east close to village north of the church and around Reading Room Cottage to join the Elveden Hall. (For Sites & Monuments turnpike in the vicinity of No 47 London Record Map See Appendix 3) Road. (see Fig 8) Character Analysis The road makes a significant linear space Elveden Conservation Area has 2 dividing the village from the enclosed park distinctive character areas: Broom Close on its south side where there are dense (Fig 13) Elveden Post Office estate village and Elveden Park. tree belts punctuated by entrances and lodges. However it is not only the length Estate Village and width of the road that impacts on the The area now occupied by the estate village character, but the volume of traffic office, café restaurant and shops and of all kinds, particularly heavy goods cottages appears on the 1850 tithe map as three fields called Broom Close. (Fig 7) By 1885 a large walled garden had been built on the north side of the main road opposite the church. The walled garden had four compartments, and lean-to glass houses along its north wall. To the southwest was a gas house and gasometer in a former clay pit on the site (Fig 14) Elveden Estate Office now occupied by Cottage Homes (Fig 2). vehicles. There is a lay-by on the south By 1905 the village had been relocated side of London Road opposite the Estate east of the main road and was in its Office. present form. (Fig 12) London Road Estate Cottages The village houses, are set out along the 14 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

(Fig 15) Elveden Parish Church (Fig 16) Elveden Estate Shop & Cafe Resteraunt (Fig 17) C19th Walled Garden North of London north side of the main road behind small conservation area. side of the road is dominated by the high front gardens enclosed by park railings. walls of the walled garden. At the south West of the Café Restaurant is a large (Fig 12) The spacing of the houses within open space, enclosed by woodland to end of the road is a gravelled car park generous gardens reflects the importance east. (Fig 51) It is part paddock and part enclosed by park railings where a private of the garden for subsistence of the gravelled car park and provides a road leads east to the gate of No 34 cottager. The group ranges west from the somewhat drab setting for the shop and London Road, the former rectory. This Estate Office and includes the Post Office restaurant buildings, and the former glass road is enclosed on its north side by the and the Cottage Homes (Fig 2) set back south wall of the walled garden and to house plant rooms and north walled on the north side of a large sunken garden wall. The space is dominated by south by a high hedge that forms the north circular green. Further east, an estate the large pale green estate workshop and boundary of the car park. road runs north on the west side of the radio tower beyond the north boundary of The early 19th-century former rectory is walled garden from the main road to the the conservation area. situated within a generous garden, former estate stables. enclosed on three sides by high trees and The east side of the road is bounded by a The road is loosely enclosed to west by flint rubble wall, a range of red brick to west by the walled garden. the Bungalow, the Village Hall, the garages and No 36, an estate cottage of Key buildings Garage and No 37 London Road forming c.1900, set behind a high hedge. This a linear space leading north beyond the The key buildings of the Estate Village, 15 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal are the Parish Church of St Andrew & St Patrick and its extensions (Fig 15), (Listed II*), (Described with Elveden Park), the walled garden (Fig 17), the Estate Office (Fig 14) and the former stable yard (Fig 16). There is a pleasing harmony in the architectural character of the estate buildings, derived from their similar domestic scale, proportion, materials and style, the product of a short building campaign between 1895 and 1914 under the direction of William and Clyde Young. (Fig 18 ) The Bungalow (Fig 19) Village Hall

The progression of buildings on the north 3.0m in height, with its entrances on the with attractively stepped, gabled and side of London Road forms a group of north side. Here are lean-to buildings, on hipped slate roofs look best from within special architectural interest with the the site of and partially reusing the potting the yard. Here the existing stable doors Estate Office at its centre on the corner sheds and boiler house for the former lean and the openings of former stables and with the north estate road and with the -to glass houses facing south on the trap houses have been retained for Parish Church (Fig 15)) across the main inside on the north wall. The wall is historic interest. road. constructed in sections of red brick Buildings The Estate Office and its clock tower backed by clunch, random flint rubble, (Fig 14) is prominent in the landscape coursed flint rubble, brick diapering and There is an interesting group of buildings seen from the east, south and north. It has red brick and flint rubble. It appears for the north of the Estate Office, some clad in plain tiled gabled roofs, red brick walls, first time on the 1885 Ordnance Survey green painted corrugated iron and built multiple light timber sash widows under Map (Fig 8) The exterior dominates the before 1925 and well worth additional segmental brick arches and a recessed east side of the village, and the interior, scrutiny. To the north is the single storey (Fig 18) porch enclosed by a balustrade. currently vacant, is an arresting site. Bungalow with gabled corrugated iron roof and walls and axial red brick The walled garden is of a prodigious The former Estate Stables and Smithy chimney. It has timber casement windows scale. (Fig 17) Its walls must be over were arranged around a spacious square with transoms. It is situated in a pretty yard. The red brick single storey buildings 16 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal garden behind a hedge of Rosa Rugosa double chimney stack. Facing London The Village Hall (Fig 19) is next, in two Road is a large six light mullion & transom single storey gabled parallel ranges. The gabled dormer, with half timbering and first range is built in corrugated iron which pebble dash in the spandrel. The first floor presumably predates the timber-framed walls are also pebble dash and the ground and weather boarded main body of the floor is red brick with raking angle hall. It has large mullion & transom timber buttresses. casement windows. The weather boarded There are three light mullion & transom section appears to be of World War II timber, 6 light casement windows under vintage and may be a relic of the segmental brick arches with key blocks. American tenure of the Park. The Garage There is an attractive timber and brick adjoins the Village Hall, it has a single gabled porch facing east. The detached storey ‘L’ shaped plan with a gabled, (Fig 20) Arts & Craft Detail , 43-44 London Road back house is also of interest. corrugated roof and storey height workshop door in the west gable. windows; and a gabled timber porch on a To the west are No’s 42 & 41(Fig 12), a red brick plinth. It has a rectangular plan pair of two storey estate cottages with rear On the north-west corner of the walled of 1 1/2 storeys with a single storey lean- parallel single storey back house ranges. garden is No 36 London Road, an estate They have a similar but less elaborate cottage of 1895, partially hidden behind a to to north. form than the Post Office. The hipped, high hedge. In common with the other The estate buildings on the north side of machine made plain tile roof, is estate cottages it has a gabled plain-tile the main road also make an attractive surmounted by a red brick stack with roof with axial chimney stack with sequence, commencing with the Estate attached square section shafts. There is a (Fig 14) Fig 13 ) corbelled brick work to the shaft, timber- Office , the Post Office, ( central gable with a half-timbered (Fig 12) frame and pebble dash gable spandrels, No’s 41 & 42, London Road and spandrel. The first floor is rendered with (Fig 2). red brick walls with a corbelled 1st floor the Cottage Homes pebble dash with red brick quoins and has band and paired, double hung four pane The Post Office is dated 1896 and paired 4-pane double hung sash windows sash windows. designed by William & Clyde Young in an at 1st floor. The ground floor is To the north is no 37, a substantial ‘Arts & Crafts’ style. It has a two storey constructed with red brick and contains cottage in the estate ’country house style square plan with a pyramidal hipped plain- three light windows with glazing bars of circa 1900 with tile roofs and red brick tile roof with wide coved pebble dashed under segmental brick arches with key walls; half timbering and paired sash eaves and a massive central red brick blocks. The entrance doors are within 17 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal timber & brick open gabled porches red pantiled roofs and half timber in the gasometer were situated in the late C19th. located in the outer bays of the façade. gable spandrels. The decorative scheme There are good views of the rear gables The Cottage Homes were probably is rich with ornament with carved and back houses, and the many retirement homes for estate workers and bargeboards and collars and many red chimneys from a private path that winds were probably designed by Clyde Young brick chimneys with clustered octagonal around the back of the cottages. The in a Tudor style in 1914. They are partially shafts. They are well set back from the Cottage Homes are listed grade II. road behind a sunken lawn which screened from London Road by an To the south-west of Cottage Homes, enclosing belt of trees. Their plan is a contributes greatly to their setting. This wide circular space follows the line of a behind short front gardens enclosed by long single storey symmetrical range with hedges are two pairs of estate cottages. short cross wings, built in red brick with former sand pit in which a gas house and No’s 43-44 (Fig 20) and No’s 45-46 are

(Fig 21) Aerial Photograph

18 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal two pairs of two storey estate cottages The planting has matured in the past 100 with single storey hipped roof rear wings. years and the park within the conservation No’s 45-46 are similar to No’s 42-41, but area is undoubtedly a beautiful place of without the central gable and half- contrasting landscapes . timbered gable spandrel and with triple With the exception of the gate lodges, the double hung sash windows. No’s 43 & 44 park buildings form groups. The groups are distinctly Arts & Crafts in detail, and are The Dell (Area G & H); with The Hall have a hipped pantiled roof and a central (Area ‘L &.’M’); The Parish Church (Area segmental pedimented parapet gable. The ‘A’ ‘B’ & ‘D’); The Stables (Area ‘C) and 56 first floor is pebble-dashed with red brick London Road (West Lodge, Area ‘C’), quoins. No 56 London Road (The gate lodge) Under the parapet gable are two, double, ( Fig 22) is on the drive to the Hall stable double hung four pane sash windows complex from the Brandon Road-London flanking a brick panel containing a date (Fig 22) Brandon Road Lodge Road, crossroads and is set at angle plaque for 1902. The ground floor is built between the adjacent roads, behind fine of red brick and contains triple sash latter part of the 19th-century and early wrought iron railings in a woodland widows with glazing bars. The entrance setting. There is a short drive from the doors are in the outer bays, and are 20th-century. While the landscape road to the gates traversing a rectangular sheltered by flat roofed porches with contains its 18th-century structure, its present character is the work of the Earls grassed space with wide verges planted moulded frieze born on brackets and with semi-mature oak trees. The road to square timber posts. of Iveagh and in particularly the First Earl who straightened the London Road, the stables passes though Limepit Wood, Elveden Park rebuilt the village beyond the park gates, which is mainly planting of semi-mature There has been a designed landscape and with a few exceptions, built or altered oak and beech. Regenerating sweet associated with Elveden Hall since the all the buildings within the park. chestnut and yew indicate the species of former planting. late eighteenth century; part of a land The designed landscape extends far holding that provided income from beyond the boundaries of the The gate lodge was built to the design of agriculture, accommodation for staff, conservation area which have been drawn Clyde Young and is an attractive work recreational activities and a setting for the so that the settings of the architecturally with a jettied, gabled, half timbered upper Hall. The estate and its designed significant buildings in Elveden Park are storey on a red brick ground floor. The landscape grew in size, particularly in the included. plain tile roof and chimney with clustered 19 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal rectangular shafts are prominent. There is a good interior porch in the south-west corner of the south wing. Fine wrought iron railings (Fig 41) with a dog rail cross the angle between the adjacent roads. Across the entrance road are high ornate carriage gates and a pedestrian gate between caged gate piers with wrought iron finials. The gates have elaborate overthrows; wrought iron cartouche; and a floral motif picked in gilded wrought iron. Behind the gate is an electric lamp on a cast iron standard, of a fine Edwardian (Fig 23) South Lodge (Fig 24) Dell Cottages design and probably early in period for its type. raised and curved banks and beech windows are three pane double hung South Lodge planting which seem to follow the lines of sashes under segmental brick arches the roads or drives depicted in the 1816 which probably replaced gothic South Lodge (Fig 23) is a pretty maps. casements. There is a single storey rear ornamental cottage indicated on the 1850 extension in red brick with a slat roof and Tithe Award Map (Fig 7), and survives The Lodge is built with knapped flint with a south facing logia. today, much as it would have looked then, gault brick dressings and slate roof with when described as ‘Porter’s Lodge’. It was lead hips and central axial gault brick The Dell Area probably designed more as an stack. The facade faces west and has 3 Dell Paddocks Slip is identified on the architectural eye catcher than a gate Gothic windows at first floor level, a 1850 tithe award map and Dell Slip is lodge. It looks west across the end of the central door with fanlight under a two shown on the 1885 Ordnance Survey map centred arch and sash windows at ground grassland vista south of the Hall. which shows ‘Paddock Cottages’ in a floor. The Gothic windows have The lodge is tightly enclosed by woodland rectilinear enclosure looking like a intersecting tracery and 2 light lattice that incorporates the tree belts shown on paddock. No 19 The Dell is almost casements under 2 centred gault brick the 1816 map. These woods contain certainly the building shown on the 1885 arches with a hood mould. Ground floor 20 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal map, and the large and pleasing open Cottages presumably designed by Clyde high red brick plinth. It has timber space between the Dell buildings, ranged Young and built between 1895 and 1905. casement windows with transoms and on three sides is part of the paddock The main range has a central and end bay diamond quarries. shown on the 1850 tithe award map. The cross wings, the southernmost wing being No 18 The Dell is an estate house that paddock is divided between Laundry of 1 ½ storeys and the others single was extant in 1905. It has a rectangular Cottage and No’s 19-21 The Dell to storey. The ridges between the central plan on a single storey with a continuous provide generous gardens, to aid self and end wings have large axially placed loggia along the south-west side, carried sufficiency in the early 20th-century. louvered timber vents with lead clad on timber posts with capitals and arch In 1850, Dell Paddocks were surrounded bases and segmental arched lead caps braces. The roof is of slate and the walls by thin belts of woodland some of which with finials and wide square rims The of black painted weatherboard. The may still survive within later planting. The roofs are covered in plain tiles, and the building is atypical for the estate and trees are mainly beech, and there is an walls above ground floor are pebble would repay further investigation. irregularly spaced beech avenue west of dashed render and red brick at ground floor level.. The gablet of No 22 is half The Dell and Laundry Cottages. (Fig 24) timbered. The windows are timber The houses on the north, west and east multiple, double hung sash windows with sides of The Dell all appear on the 1905 glazing bars under segmental, chequered Ordnance Survey map and were part of brick and stone arches. There is a pretty the extensive building campaign of the 1st mullioned logia between the central and Earl. No’s 19-21 were built between 1850 southern cross wing with gabled porches. and 1885 and extended to south c.1905. The north range has flint rubble walls with Attached to the north by a double linked red brick quoins and a black glazed garage is No 22a, another estate cottage pantiled roof (patched with red). The south built after 1938. It is single storey with a extension is of red brick with red pantiled rectangular plan with short gabled wings roof. From a distance the mixture of across the north end. It has deep hipped materials, the prominent chimneys and plain-tile roofs with an axial ventilator, of the same type but smaller scale than its gabled casement dormers are a good sight. On the west side of the Dell are neighbour. No’s 22a-22, a substantial range of estate The ground floors are half timbered off a (Fig 26) Architectural Detail of the Late C19th Hall

21 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

There is little left in the landscape of the 19th-century changes to the access drives to the Hall, though the pond to the north, packed with water lilies and pressed all around by trees, is a constant feature in maps drawn from the beginning of the 19th-century. The entrance front of the hall with its portico and porte cochere face north across an asphalt forecourt, and a semi- open grass landscape with free standing specimen trees including Douglas fir, Weeping Lime, Plane, Llime, Horse Chestnut Metasequoia, Pinus Nigra, (Fig 25) South Front, Elveden Hall Wellingtonia, Copper Beech, Walnut and Hornbeam. The view north from the Hall The Hall is across grassland, through which estate roads weave their course, enclosed by The Hall as seen today is the product of leaving a wide yard and, No’s 1 & 2 Hall park railings marking the boundary of the several building campaigns the first by Bungalow which are not of special conservation area, until enclosed by General Keppell 1766-1786, then William interest. woodland in the middle distance. Newton 1813-1862, The Maharaja Duleep The house sits on the north side of a wide Singh 1862-1893 and then the 1st Earl of To the north woodland encloses the platform the land falling away to south and landscape as space flows east where the Iveagh in 1895. The Hall is principally the north-east and rising to north-west. work of the 1st Earl’s architect, William grass is only partially mown. North-east Woodland approaches the sides of the of Hall Bungalow is an oak pollard of Young who added a duplicate of the Hall, so that views are obtained only from Maharaja’s house to the west linking it to 5.5m girth which predates the designed the open spaces that provide vistas to landscape. Some specimen trees and the original with a voluminous entrance north and south. There is an icehouse in hall under a high dome. The service shrubs and small trees in the enclosing the wood west of the hall close to the woodland suggest that it was once buildings attached to the east end of the north access drive. mansion were demolished in c.1970, closely planted as a pleasure ground. 22 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Species include Oak, Cedar of Lebanon, storeys with Ionic columns and a was incorporated in the range west of the Yew, Copper Beech. Sycamore. Horse pediment containing a cartouche bearing portico and the classical order used for his Chestnut and Ash. The undergrowth the date 1900. The Centrepiece is the building can be seen in the cornice on the includes Privet, Box, prunus and Marble Hall, rising through three storeys, west elevation. The rear elevation is on a Hawthorn. The landscape north of the surmounted by a Cupola with a copper- smaller scale with a two storey facade and hall links with the a close mown grass covered dome. The Maharaja’s house three storey central pedimented block with landscape south of the church. To the south of the hall is a wide, long lawn enclosed by beech woodland and which contains to the south-west a large Lime tree. Half way down to west is a group of 5 Beech on a wide flat-topped mound. To the south east is a large rectangular mown grass space, enclosed to north and east, with a rectangular pond at its centre. Further east are outlines of former circular flower beds. The Hall (Fig 25) is built in a classical style in red brick with limestone dressings, and is on an heroic scale and of national architectural significance, reflected by its inclusion at II* in the Secretary of State’s List. The facade is in a Baroque style. The ground floor is banded rusticated ashlar and the upper floors are brick with limestone rusticated quoins. At its centre is a portico rising through 1st and second (Fig 27) Elveden Parish Church Cloister to the Memorial Tower 23 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal a single storey, semicircular logia with a plain entablature carried on paired Ionic columns. The first floor windows have broken pediments and the ground floor has ‘French casements’. The brickwork and its mortar appear to have been coloured, and inside, two 18th-century rooms may survive. Church of St Andrew and St Patrick, North Lodge, Park Gates and Engine House The church, churchyard, north lodge, park gates and a fire engine house are grouped together on the south side of London Road opposite the Estate Office. The medieval church (substantially extended in the early 20th-century) is set at the centre of the churchyard, enclosed to south, east and west by trees and hedges and by a 1.2m high flint rubble wall to north, along the boundary with London Road. There is a gate way with stone gate pier and a derelict gate within the wall. A Memorial Tower is attached to (Fig 28), North Lodge, Park Gates and Fire Engine House the south side of the church by a ‘cloister’ which divides the churchyard east and On the north-west side is a single line of The medieval church had a nave, west. The tower is an eye-catcher seen Wellingtonias with specimens of Cedar, chancel, west tower and south porch. across the north park. South-west of the Copper Beech and Sweet Chestnut. A new nave, chancel and organ chamber church is close mown grass and free In the open area south of the church is a were added to the north side of the church standing trees with attractive long views. in 1904 and in 1922, a bell tower to the single specimen of Cedar of Lebanon. 24 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal south was built, linked to the south side of the church by a cloister. The church is built of flint rubble with limestone dressings, Cotswold slate roofs and parapet gables. With its many additions, the visual effect is somewhat jumbled, though the form of the medieval church is still readily discerned form the south. The 20th-century elements were designed in a perpendicular style and are of high quality. The Cloister and the Memorial Tower are particularly striking. (Fig 27) (Fig 30)North Entrance to Hall Stables The churchyard contains rows of Victorian grave stones in mown grass The wrought iron railings are mounted on (Fig 49). Memorials to the Maharaja a dwarf brick wall with a lime stone Duleep Singh and his family and to coping. members of the Guinness family are Central double carriage gates are flanked within the north-east corner of the churchyard. by pedestrian gates hung on stone gate piers. The gates have dog rails and The North Lodge, the entrance gates wrought iron overthrows, and the piers and railings and No 32, the Fire Engine (Fig 29) The Water Tower have panelled shafts containing House (Fig 28) form a group east of the medallions with the Iveagh emblem and church in an irregular open space, a large central axial chimney stack. Four moulded caps with ball finials. enclosed to south and east by woodland, pane sash windows face the drive. containing high Wellingtonias. The fire engine house (Fig 28 & 49) was The gates and railings form a quarter also extant in 1905, and has a gabled The gate lodge, extant in 1905, was built circle across the drive between the stone in red brick with a hipped machine made machine made red plain tile roof, half- pier set against the east wall of the Lodge timbered gable spandrels, a rendered and plain tile roof and open eaves. It has a and the stone pier on the road edge. single storey ‘L’ shaped plan with a half pebble dashed 1st floor and red brick timbered gabled open porch to north and ground floor. The building is rectangular 25 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Stable Cottage and Gardens Cottage form makes it visible from many locations a group with the stables. above the Parks’ trees. In addition it was The stables, walled garden and estate also probably intended to be a belvedere. cottages are enclosed closely by Its style might be described as ‘Victorian woodland on three sides and to north-east Artisan Mannerist’ having visual is a large mown grass open space references to the late C17th vernacular containing the lily pond and the water style. It was built in in 1895 to the design tower. of William Young in red brick with limestone dressings and banding with The woodland south of buildings contains copper roofs. It has a square plan with a mature beech trees possibly planted to single storey extension. The 1st three form the southern belts in Lord storeys have 6 pane sash windows with Albemarle’s landscape scheme shown on ( Fig 30) Hall Stables Courtyard stone architraves. The third and fourth the 1816 map. Also there are free storeys have stone banding. The upper in plan, with a high ground floor storey standing specimen trees now within more third of the tower is elaborate, having containing high garage doors below recent planting. three bays formed by stone pilasters. The elliptical arches. Within the openings are North of the stable is an area of open lawn central bay contains glazed doors with pairs of half-glazed doors with transoms planted with a number of standard trees architraves and semi-circular pediments and double semicircular fanlights. The including Cedar, Sycamore, Ash and giving access to stone balconies on each gable spandrel overhangs, on console Horse Chestnut, Wellingtonia and Beech. face carried on consoles. The outer bays brackets, over a pair of splayed bay oriel The woodland north of the water tower is have recessed panels with an oculus windows with casements with glazing sparsely planted with Sycamore, Beech, under semi-circular arches . The parapets bars. At the side are double sash windows Wellingtonia, Douglas Fir and Horse contain open brick arcades and central of the usual estate type. At the rear, set Chestnut. East of the tower the trees are Dutch gables. Stone string courses and within the half-timbered gable is a 4 older though there is also some young a wide stone cornice articulate the vertical storey, red brick tower, with single arched oak. form of the cap, from which the copper roof sweeps upward to support a timber openings in each face of the top storey. The water tower (Fig 29) is situated cupola. The stables; water tower; lily pond; 150ms to the north east of the stables and (Fig. 30 ) walled garden and estate cottages. 180ms south west of the Hall in an open The Stables were designed in landscape setting. Its substantial height a ‘Country House Style’ by William Young The water tower, lily pond, walled garden, and built c.1895. Having been designed 26 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

as stables and carriage houses, they segmental brick arches with limestone key were converted to garages for motor blocks. Some of the external ground floor vehicles. There is a range of garage windows have semicircular brick arches doors under a glazed canopy in the south with limestone key blocks. The walled range. The accommodation is ranged garden is a complex space; enclosed to around a large square courtyard with two north and east by a high brick wall and to storey ranges on four sides, with higher south by a long range of single and two gabled gateways in the centre of the storey service buildings with estate ranges. cottages on their south side. There is a The principal entrance is from the north range of double pitched roofed glass through a 2 ½ storey gatehouse. The house on the south side of the north wall. roofs are covered in machine made plain Parallel to the north wall is a rectangular tiles, the first floor walls are timber-framed enclosure formed by a high clipped yew (Fig 32) Stable Cottage and pebble-dashed and the ground floor hedge and containing yew topiary. Parallel built with red brick. The chimneys on the with the south yew hedge is a line of covered in red pantiles, and the first floor north & south ranges are tall and preached lime. The south side of the above window sill level is half timbered walled garden is formed by single storey with pebble dash. Below 1st floor level the prominent. There are timber ventilators with ogee shaped lead caps carried on ranges flanking a central two storey range walls are of red brick. The building is four columns and lead bases and aprons built after 1905. The buildings have red formed of two parallel ranges with an plain tile roofs and red brick walls. The open, gabled, timber single storey porch on the ridges of the east and west ranges and the north and south cross wings. The central section is quite elaborate, the first facing south between the two parallel entrance gate is 2½ storeys with a half floor windows flanked by recessed brick ranges. timbered gabled upper storey jettied over panels with corbelled brick heads and a At the west end of the service range is central opening with a semicircular the entrance arch. The ridge ventilator has No. 52 Stable Cottage (Fig 32). It has a 1 a weathervane on its finial and the gable gauged brick arch with key block. The ½ storey rectangular plan, built with a windows have six pane double hung contains a clock face. The timber-framing gabled red pantile roof, pebble dashed sashes. On the south side of the range is is set diagonally under the gables. rendered 1st floor and red brick ground a garden and orchard space containing The first floor windows have paired double floor. A single storey gabled timber open No 53. Garden Cottage, an estate porch faces south. hung four pane sashes, and cross cottage built against the south wall of a casements at ground floor level under service range. The gabled roofs are 27 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

North of the walled garden is a large with random coursed flint and are located and steel girder hanging frame suggests rectangular lily pond with wide grass close to the site of the village prior to the that the building is in use as a game larder banks set below the level of the diversion of London Road and the and office. The southern most building of surrounding lawn enclosed by a stone relocation of the village. the group is a coach house and stable. balustrade with urn shaped balusters. Built in red brick in the early 19th-century, No 48 London Road (Fig 47)is a There are openings north, south, east and substantial estate cottage built possibly at it has a single storey rectangular plan with west in the balustrade, with stone steps the time of Maharaja Duleep Singh. It has a short, central gabled wing facing north down to the banks of the pond. The finials steep pitched slate roofs and random with a semi-circular arched opening with on the columns each side of the openings coursed flint walls with red brick quoins. It carriage house doors. It is built of red have been removed. has a two storey ’H’ plan, with a single block with double pitched slate roof with storey lean-too porch facing south an axial ventilator to east and a central between the cross wings. There are three axial chimney stack with arched recessed light, 3 pane, timber casement windows panels. There is a stable door at the left hand end and cross casement windows under brick hood moulds. The house may have originally been a pair of cottages. under segmental arched brick heads. Opposite is a range of modern To the north is a single storey range with an ‘L’ shaped plan; its east end built of outbuildings. flint to match the house; the remainder is The West Lodge (No 47 London Road) in red brick under slate roofs. The east is a modest gate lodge built c.1900 in the end has two doors and a two light window estate country house style in red brick, under segmental brick arches. To west half timbering and with hipped and half there is a semi-circular arched opening hipped plain tile roofs. The gabled brick (Fig 33) Long Pond suggesting a though passage. The west and timber porch faces north-east. end is all brick, with an axial double Reading Room Cottage is a red brick West Lodge, No. 47 London Road, 48 pitched roof ventilator . There are two 3 and pantiled 1 1/2 and 1 storey estate London Road, Garage, Game larder light timber sash windows to east and two cottage with an ’L’ shaped plan and and Store, and Reading Room Cottage double fixed light windows flanking hipped and gabled pantiled. Some of this attractive group were built carriage house doors. The roof ventilator To the west are a group of trees 28 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal containing Horse Chestnut ,Ash, a line of 3 Walnut, and a Sycamore next to the lodge entrance West of the churchyard is an area of woodland with Oak along the road side and Copper Beech, Horse Chestnut, Cedar, Plane and Cupressus.

(Fig 34) Double Sash Windows (Fig 37) Iveagh Crest

Local Detail

Prevalent Local Building Materials Roofs  Welsh Slate  Machine made red plain tiles (Fig 35) Roof Ventilators and Oriel (Fig 38) Clocks and Weathervanes  Hand made red plain tiles  Red pantiles, Walls  Red Brick  Random Coursed Flint  Chalk Blocks or Clunch  Pebble dashed Render  Render and Half Timber (Fig 36) Half Timbering and (Fig 39) Clusters of Chineys

29 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

(Fig 40) Park Railngs

(Fig 43) Red Brick (Fig 46 Machine Made Red Clay Plain Tiles

(Fig 41) Wrought Iron and Gilded Gates (Fig 44) Clunch Walls (Fig 47) Welsh Slate

(Fig 42) Clocks & Weathervanes

(Fig 48) Random Coursed Flint & Brick (Fig 45) Pebble-dashed Render with Brick Diaper 30 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Green or Open Spaces. (No. 6. West Lodge references refer to Appraisal Map) mown grass spaces, populated by mature 1. Timber Yard specimen trees. Former estate yard, now occupied by car 7. The Hall and Church park and paddocks. There are good long Wide mown grass spaces, populated by views of the stables and the walled mature specimen trees, running east to garden. the Hall and west to West Lodge, and 2. Walled Garden enclosed by woodland belts. There are important views of the north facade of the Heroic space within the late C19th estate (Fig 50) Church & The Hall Area walled garden with potential for use as a Hall and the Memorial Tower of the parish market garden. church. elevations of the stable buildings 3. Rectory Garden 8. Stable Yard, 9. Lily Pond An attractive garden space that provides Fine interior courtyard space on a grand scale with good views of the interior Former garden containing a substantial the setting for the former Parish Rectory formal pond enclosed by a stone 4. Cottage Homes balustrade and the large listed water The former sand pit and gasometer and tower. gas house site made into a sunken lawn 10. South Lawn to provide amenity space and setting for Mown grass space south of the Hall the almshouses. enclosed by some of the oldest park 5. Churchyard woodland and providing views of the Enclosed by a flint rubble wall to north and south front and vistas south from the Hall trees and hedges, it provides the setting 11. East Garden for the parish church where there are fine Space east of the hall containing remains views of the church and important of former pleasure ground and gardens. monuments of historic interest. 12. Dell Slip Meadow

(Fig 49) Churchyard looking south-west 100 year old pasture, with specimen trees 31 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal and park railings. 13. The Dell A large open grassed space and garden land, divided by hedge and fence, formerly part of the mid-C19th pleasure ground and providing the setting for the three Dell Cottages. Extent of Loss, Intrusion & Damage It is clear that the Elveden Estate owners are committed to the conservation of the buildings and landscape to the highest (Fig 52) Problems, Pressures and Capacity for standard. The radio mast and building Fig (51) Neutral Areas Change : Heavy Traffic in the Village store and workshop building, north of the maintained to high standards. Cafe-Restaurant car park are alien visual elements in the traditional scene. Buildings at Risk of securing the upkeep of historic buildings is to keep them in active use and Neutral Areas There are no buildings at risk within the conservation area. Although the Hall is it would be good if some beneficial use There are two areas that make a neutral currently unused it is continually could be found for the Hall. contribution to the Conservation Area: maintained by a team of conservation The A11 Trunk Road passes through the  Cafe-Restaurant car park . contractors. centre of the village where environmental  The area occupied by the service Problems, Pressures & Capacity for buildings, demolished c.1970, east of Change conditions and pedestrian safety is greatly the Hall While the owner of the Estate is compromised. The Highways Agency and committed to conserving the buildings and Suffolk County Council have put forward landscape and is prepared to commit the proposals for a dual carriageway from General Condition of the Area necessary resources, there are few to Barrow Hill which would The estate village and the park buildings problems or pressure for change in the pass to the north-west of the village within the conservation area are conservation area. Generally the best way between Stonepit Wood and Parson’s Slip 32 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Wood. The road will be in a cutting and will have little visual impact on the character or appearance of the conservation area. There will be issues however on the management of the road through the village, and there may be opportunities for traffic management and environmental improvements once the traffic has been diverted. Community Involvement The consultation draft of the appraisal was (Fig 53) 75 –80 London Road (Fig 55) 62 London Road submitted to the Parish Council, land across the central green and along the owner, interested members of the public perimeter roads. and placed on the FHDC Web Site and observations invited. The development follows the field boundaries shown on the 1884 OS map. It Boundary Changes also shows a single cottage on the site of As a result of this appraisal two boundary No 75-80 Cross Roads and a small changes were approved: cluster of development adjacent to the Elveden Inn.  Cafe-Restaurant Car Park The estate cottages were built in 1895 A minor adjustment to the conservation and the village school in 1899. area boundary along the north boundary (Fig 54) 65-66 London Road of the cafe–restaurant car park so that the No’s 63-70 London Road are a row of boundary coincides with the physical estate cottages set back behind generous of the A 11 south of the Brandon Road boundary of the space. front gardens along the west side of the cross roads. green. They are all similar being built in a  South of Brandon Road The buildings line three sides of a large cottage style or red brick with moulded The boundary of the conservation area is triangular green situated away from floor bands and with dominant hipped extended to include the Estate Houses, Elveden Park though visible from the west plain tile roofs with substantial chimneys and the Village School on the north side gate to the park. There are good views with square shafts and moulded caps. The 33 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

three or four lights with transoms. The or historically significant landscape. school is flanked by No’s 59, 61 and 62 Flexibility in approach is desirable with a London Road, hidden behind thick willingness to abandon conventional perimeter hedges. design solutions in favour of an imaginative approach. Generally new windows and doors should reflect the Local Generic Guidance predominant style and proportion of the This guidance applies to the conservation building. areas in Archaeology conservation areas. The conservation officer or the County (Fig 56) Elveden VA Primary School Understanding Archaeologist should be consulted about Conservation Area status does not the need for prior archaeological principal feature is the central gable with prevent all development, and new evaluation and mitigation to protect faux display framing in timber on a pebble development may be acceptable where it archaeological remains within the -dash ground. Below the gable the 1st is demonstrated that it preserves and conservation area. As well as below floor windows are grouped with a two part enhances the character of the area. Prior ground, archaeology is also concerned timber frame and pebble dash panel. The understanding is the best basis for with standing buildings. entrance doors each with tiled timber conservation decisions; buildings and Brickwork pentice porches are placed towards the landscapes should be clearly understood Local brick can be red or yellow to the outer edges of the facade. The windows before we change them. Understanding approval of the local authority, and laid in have two or three lights with small panes. should be clearly focussed on assessing English bond or Flemish bond. Before the the impact of proposed changes of the The school was probably built to the 20th-century they were laid in a lime significance of the building or landscape. designs of Clyde Young and built in red mortar using a mix of approximately 1 lime brick with a plain tile roof on an ‘H’ plan Alterations to 3 of sand. Ash or brick dust were often allowing the cross gable spandrels to be Applications for conservation area added to speed the set. The lime used made with faux timber-frame on unpainted consent should be able to justify their was in a wet puttylike form. Powdered or pebbledash ground. At the centre of the proposals Alterations should be necessary hydrated lime was not used. roof is a substantial belvedere with clock, for the viability of the building where ogee cap and weathervane. The windows proposed alterations affect architecturally are set under elliptical arches and have 34 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Pointing walls to breathe. Flint Rubble Walls Lime mortar should be used when Car parking Flint rubble or knapped flint walls should be repointing historic brickwork. The existing The replacement of front gardens by preserved and neither painted or rendered. mortar should be analysed to obtain a parking areas will not be permitted unless Paint good match. Lime putty made from a it can be demonstrated that the proposed slaked lime should be used, though only Colours should be appropriate to the parking area will not be detrimental to the building’s period. Bright artificial colouring when the risk of frost has passed. The areas character. face of the pointing should be slightly on walls should be avoided. recessed to minimise the thickness of the Extensions Choose paints which allow the passage of joint. Alterations should be necessary for the water vapour. Lime washes are The technique of pointing with an incised viability of the building. Where proved recommended for longevity and hue where fine lime putty joint over the brick coloured necessary, extensions onto buildings the structure of the building is suitable, and pointing is known as ‘tuck pointing’. This which make a significant contribution to good quality linseed oil based paints for should be preserved where it still exists. the conservation area should not visually timber. dominate the original building. Modern Joinery Repairs Rendering extensions should not dominate the Check existing renders for relief patterns existing building in mass and scale and Historic doors, door surrounds and called pargetting which should be generally be built with matching materials. windows should be repaired rather than preserved. On ‘Georgian’ buildings check replaced. Conservatories renders for the rare application of patent Traditional and proven materials are best cement renders which should be New conservatories when appropriate and for repairs. preserved. visible from the public domain should be constructed of painted timber and Roofs Avoid rendering old brickwork or flint work, generally be designed in a plain traditional bite the bullet and repoint. Rendering Slate: Some slate roofs and stone slate style with a pitched glazed roof. roofs are laid in diminishing courses. stores up problems for the future. Porches These should be preserved when roofs Avoid hard cement renders on timber- are re-slated. The same type of slate frame or masonry which will crack, let in Georgian and Victorian (Classical) should be used and non-natural materials water and trap it in the wall. Use several porches or door cases should not be avoided. Indigenous British slate is coats of lime mortar finished with covered or filled in by new porches or preferred to imported slate. limewash to avoid cracking and allow the draft lobbies.

35 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Tiles: Clay Tile roofs should be preserved. altered. 20th- century shop fronts should not be permitted. The insertion of uPVC Hand made plain tiles should not be be retained in significant 20th-century windows will also be resisted. replaced by machine made tiles. Hand buildings. The presence of surviving Views made tiles may be consolidated to visible blind boxes, shutters and stall risers roof slopes, and machine made clay tiles should be investigated. The obstruction or partial obstruction of significant views will be resisted. used on slopes not visible from the Strident, overlarge display fascias and conservation area. internally illuminated fascias will not be Walls Concrete tiles will not be permitted. permitted and standard corporate shop Flint or brick boundary walls will be Variation in profile and colour of pantiles fronts will be resisted if unsympathetic to protected and demolition will not be the proposed setting. should be preserved. permitted. Chimney stacks & pots: Chimney stacks Satellite Dishes and Meter Boxes are important features in the roofscape Dishes and boxes should be carefully Summary of Issues and indicate the date and layout of a located and visually unobtrusive. Single building. They should normally be satellite dishes should be used for whole Management Proposals retained. terraces. Following the diversion of traffic onto the new bypass, consideration will be given for Dormers: 17th- and 18th-century dormers Streetscape traffic management and environmental of the pedimented type should be Traditional, natural materials such as improvements in the village following retained, as should historic tiled or slated stone flags, granite curbs and sets and consultation with the Elveden Estate and the gabled or pentice roof dormers. bound gravel finishes are preferred for Parish Council. Roof lights: Dormers are preferred to paving. The felling and lopping of trees within the roof lights. Large roof lights add a visually The location of street signs should be conservation area will be considered by the intrusive element into a roof, particularly carefully considered, and duplication Council having regard to a management multiple sets of roof lights. Small avoided to reduce visual clutter. plan prepared by the land owner and agreed conservation type recessed roof lights are with the Forest Heath Council. more acceptable. Windows

Shop fronts Should the Council serve a direction under s.4 of the Planning Act, the Shop fronts of merit should be retained removal or alteration of windows of or restored when unsympathetically architectural or historic significance will 36 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Useful Information,

Forest Heath District Council Commission for Architecture & The Built Environment District Offices, College Heath Road, Mildenhall, 1 Kemble Street, London WC2B 4AN Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP28 7EY Telephone 020 7070 6700 Tel: 01362 697194: Web: [email protected] Web: [email protected]

Suffolk County Council Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings Planning Department Suffolk County Council Headquarters 37 Spital Square, London E1 6DY Endeavour House, 8 Russell Road, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP1 2BX Telephone: 020 7377 1644. Web, [email protected] Switchboard: 01473 583000 Minicom: 01473 584030 Georgian Group, English Heritage, 6 Fitzroy Square, London W!T 5DX East of Region, Telephone 087 1750 2936: Web [email protected] 24 Brooklands Avenue, CB2 2BU Victorian Society, Tel: 01223 582700 1 Priory Gardens, Bedford Park, London W4 1TT Web Victorian-Society.org.uk English Historic Towns Forum PO Box 22, Bristol, BS16 1RZ Tel 0117 975 0459 37 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Bibliography Aslett, Clive, Elveden Hall Country Life Magazine, 14-21st March 1984 Brown, Hayward & Kindred, Dictionary of Architects of Suffolk Buildings, 1800-1914. Ipswich, 1991.

Department of the Environment, Fourth list of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, London, 1972. Department of the Environment, Department of National Heritage, Planning & the Historic Environment, London 1994

Department of the Environment Transport & The Regions, Department for Culture Media & Sport, Planning & The Historic Environment-Notifications and Directions by the Secretary of State, London 1997 Dymond, David & Martin, Edward, An Historical Atlas of Suffolk, Suffolk , 1988. English Heritage, Understanding Place, Guidance on conservation area appraisals,

London 2005

English Heritage, Understanding Place, Guidance on the management of conservation areas, London 2005 English Heritage, Kate Clark, Informed Conservation, London 2001 Forest Heath District Council Forest Heath Local Plan, Elveden Goult, Wendy, A Survey of Suffolk History, Suffolk Record Office, Ipswich

Lloyd, Nathanial, History if the English House, London 1975

Pevsner,.N., Radcliffe, Enid The Buildings of England-Suffolk, Harmondsworth, 1975.

Department of Culture Media & Sport (DCMS) www.culture.gov.uk

38 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal 39 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

Appendix 2 entrance. South of the house is a gravelled Churchyard of St Andrew & St Patrick, parterre and stone steps leading down to a lawn. London . Headstones and curbs. The headstones Buildings that make a contribution to the At the rear the roofs are both hipped and gabled have two centred arched heads under with an architectural or historic interest of the conservation and the windows. are pairs of four pane sashes ogee arch carved in relied with foliate decoration in area under segmental brick arches. the spandrels. London Road Elveden Estate Office, 35a London Road Reading Room Cottage London Road 1-7 Cottage Homes London Road Estate Office, c. 1900 built in red brick with hand Single storey and 1 1/2 storey estate cottage with Terrace if Almshouses, listed grade II. Dated 1914, made plain tile roof. There is a clock tower with a rectangular plan, built of red brick with hipped the almshouses were probably designed by Clyde squat tiled spire with lead hips. Single storey ‘H’ and gabled red pantiled roofs Young in a Tudor style. There is a long single plan, with sort gabled wings to south and long Village Hall London Road storey symmetrical range with short cross wings. parallel ranges to north. The north east wing has Built in red brick with red pantiled roofs with faux cross wings,, the wing to north –east having two Two single storey parallel ranges the smaller of half timbering in the gable spandrels. The storeys. The facade to south has a central veranda the two, probably built prior to 1925 and enlarged decorative scheme is rich with ornament with with a balustered rail. Each side the gables have c. 1950 with substantial timber framed building carved bargeboards and collars and many red three and four light sash windows with four light clad in black feather edged weatherboard brick chimneys with clustered octagonal shafts. transom windows. Fire Engine House, No 32 London Road The almshouses are set aback from the main Elveden Estate Shop and Restaurant London road, at the back of a wide circular space following was also extant in 1905, and has a gabled Road the line of a former sand pit in which a gas house machine made red plain tile roof, half-timbered and gasometer were situated in the late C19th. The former estate stables and smithy, single gable spandrels and rendered and pebble dashed storey red brick, with gabled slate roofs set round There are good views of the rear gables and back 1st floor and red brick ground floor. The building a large square yard where stable doors and houses, and the many chimneys from a private is rectangular in plan, with a high ground floor windows have been retained in the conversion into path that winds around the back of the cottages. storey containing high garage doors within restaurant and shop. openings with elliptical arches. Within the Elveden House, 34, London Road Garage London Road openings are pairs of half-glazed doors with Former Rectory, built c.1900 probably to the transoms and double semicircular fanlights. .The Built prior to 1925; Single storey ‘L’ shaped plan design of William Young in red brick with stone gable spandrel overhangs, on console brackets, with gabled corrugated iron roofs and was with a dressings and machine made plain tiles. It has a over a pair of splayed bay oriole windows with storey height workshop door in the west gable. two storey ‘H’ plan with attics and cross wings with casements with glazing bars. At the side are parapet gables with stone kneelers and oculi in the St Andrew and St Patrick’s Church, London double sash windows of the usual estate type. spandrels. The two central chimneys have blind Road 33 London Road arcades in the C17th manner and corbelled caps Churchyard Walls, Listed Grade ll*. See list and appear to have been extended .There are Gate lodge. The gate lodge, extant in 1905, was description Venetian windows with segmental pediments at built in red brick with a hipped machine made plain 1st floor in the gables, and 6 light stone and brick Monuments to Maharaja Duleep Singh, CCSI tile roof and open eaves. It has a single storey ‘L’ bay windows at ground floor level flanking the and Maharanee Bamba Duleep Singh, shaped plan with a half timbered gabled open 40 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal porch to north and a large central axial chimney 36 London Road parallel single storey back house ranges. They stack. 4 pane sash windows face the drive. have a similar but less elaborate form than the An estate cottage of 1895, with a gabled plain tile Post Office. The hipped, machine made plain tile The gates and railings form a quarter circle across roof, axial chimney stack , timber-frame and pebble roof, is surmounted by a red brick stack with the drive between the stone pier set against the dash gable spandrels, red brick walls and paired attached square section shafts. There is a central east wall of the Lodge and the stone pier on the timber double hung four pane sash windows. gable with a half-timbered spandrel. The first floor road edge. 37 London Road is rendered with pebble dash with red brick quoins The wrought iron railings are mounted on a dwarf brick and has paired 4-pane double hung sash widows An estate cottage built c.1900 of red brick with wall with a lime stone coping. at 1st floor. The ground floor is constructed with plaintile roof. 1 1/2 stories with a rectangular plan red brick and contains three light windows with Central double carriage gates are flanked by and single storey lean-to to north. Dormer windows glazing bars under segmental brick arches with pedestrian gates hung on stone gate piers. The with brick parapet gables and a single storey timber key blocks. The entrance doors are within timber & gates have dog rails and wrought iron overthrows, porch with hipped roof built off a brick plinth. and the piers have panelled shafts containing brick open gabled porches located in the outer 39 London Road The Bungalow medallions with the Iveagh emblem and moulded bays of the façade. caps with ball finials A single storey timber-frame building clad in green Cottage Homes, probably retirement homes for painted corrugated iron constructed prior to 1925. 34a London Road Rectory Cottages estate workers and designed by Clyde Young in a Axial red brick chimney and timber mullion & Tudor style in 1914. They are partially screened 34b London Road Rectory Cottages casement windows in a pretty garden. from London Road by an enclosing belt of trees. A long single storey symmetrical range with short A pair of two storey estate cottages built c.1900. 40 London Road Post Office They have a two storey rectangular plan with half cross wings, built in red brick with red pantiled The Post Office is dated 1896 and designed by hipped plain tile roof. The walls are red brick with roofs and half timber in the gable spandrels. The William & Clyde Young in an ‘Arts & Crafts’ style. It half timbered upper storeys in the gable walls. The decorative scheme is rich with ornament with has a two storey square plan with a pyramidal hipped ground floor windows have segmental brick carved bargeboards and collars and many red plain-tile roof with wide coved pebble dashed eaves arches. The windows are double sash windows brick chimneys with clustered octagonal shafts. and a massive central red brick double chimney with four pane double hung sashes. The cottages The almshouses are set aback from the main stack. Facing London Road is a large six light mullion are set behind park railings with substantial road, at the back of a wide circular space following & transom gabled dormer, with half timbering and grounds to the north-east. the line of a former sand pit in which a gas house pebble dash in the spandrel. The first floor walls are and gasometer were situated in the late C19th. 35a London Road, Estate Office also pebble dash and the ground floor is red brick with raking angle buttresses. There are three light 43 & 44 London Road Surmounted by a clock tower an eye catcher, seen mullion & transom timber, 6 light casement windows from north, south and east. Two single storey A pairs of estate cottages. distinctly Arts & Crafts under segmental brick arches with key blocks. There parallel north-south ranges two storied to north. in detail. They have a hipped pantiled roof and a is an attractive timber and brick gabled porch facing Plain tiled gabled roofs, red brick walls and central segmental pedimented parapet gable. The east. The detached back house is also of interest multiple double hung sash windows under first floor is pebble-dashed with red brick quoins. Under the parapet gable are two, double, double segmental brick arches. A recessed porch faces 41 & 42 London Road south-east with ballustered rail. hung four pane sash windows flanking a brick A pair of two storey estate cottages with rear panel containing a date plaque for 1902. The 41 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal ground floor is built of red brick and contains triple brick in the early 19th-century, it has a single end bay cross wings, that to south of one and a sash widows with glazing bars. The entrance storey rectangular plan with a short, central gabled half storeys, the remained single storey. There are doors are in the outer bays, and are sheltered by wing facing north with a semi-circular arched large axial ventilators with lead bases and flat roofed porches with moulded frieze born on opening with carriage house doors. It is built of red segmental arched lead caps with finials and wide brackets and square timber posts. block with double pitched slate roof with an axial rim. The roofs are covered in plain tiles and the ventilator to east and a central axial chimney stack walls above the level of the 1st floor are pebble- 45 & 46 London Road with arched recessed panels. There is a stable dashed render. At ground floor level they are red A pair of two storey estate cottages with single door at the left hand end and cross casement brick. The gable spandrel of No 22 is half storey hipped roof rear wings. Similar to No’s 42- windows under segmental arched brick heads. timbered. The windows are multiple double hung 41, but without the central gable and half-timbered sash windows with glazing bars under segmental gable spandrel and with triple double hung sash brick and lime stone gauged arches. There is a widows Elveden Park timber loggia between the central and southern cross wing with gabled porches. Gamekeeper’s Cottage, 48 London Road Elveden Hall. Listed Grade ll*. See ‘list’ description 22a, An estate cottage built after 1938. Of similar No 48 London Road is a substantial estate cottage form and character to its neighbours with a built possibly at the time of Maharaja Duleep 1 Hall Bungalow and 2 Hall Bungalow rectangular plan, short gabled wings and deep Singh. It has steep pitched slate roofs and random Built c. 1970, in red brick and with hipped pantiled hipped plain tile roofs with an axial ventilator. coursed flint walls with red brick quoins. It has a roofs. Not of special interest two storey ’H’ plan, with a single storey lean-too Flats 1-20 The Stables porch facing south between the cross wings. 18 The Dell is an estate house that was extant in Designed in a ‘Country House Style’ by William There are three light, 3 pane, timber casement 1905. It has a rectangular plan on a single storey Young and built c.1895 as stables and carriage windows under brick hood moulds . Could the with a continuous loggia along the south-west houses and converted to garages for motor house been originally a pair of cottages To north side, carried on timber posts with capitals and arch vehicles and now partially converted to flats. There is a single storey range with an ‘L’shaped plan; braces. The roof is of slate and the walls of black is a range of garage doors under a glazed canopy its east end built of flint to match the house; the painted weatherboard. The building is atypical for in the south range. The accommodation is ranged remainder is in red brick under slate roofs. The the estate and would repay further investigation. around a large square courtyard with two storey east end has two doors and a two light window 19-21 The Dell ranges on four sides, with higher gabled gateways under segmental brick arches. To west there is a in the centre of the ranges. semi-circular arched opening suggesting a though Estate Cottages, built between 1850 & 1885 and passage. The west end is all brick, with an axial extended to the south c.1905 The north range has The principal entrance is from the north through a double pitched roof ventilator . There are two 3 flint rubble walls with red brick quoins and black 2 ½ storey gatehouse. The roofs are covered in light timber sash windows to east and two double glazed pantiles. The south extension is of red brick machine made plain tiles, the first floor walls are fixed light windows flanking carriage house doors. with red pantiled roof. timber-framed and pebble-dashed and the ground The roof ventilator and steel girder hanging frame floor built with red brick. The chimneys on the 21, 22 The Dell suggests that the building is in use as a game north & south ranges are tall and prominent. There larder and office. The southern most building of Estate Cottages, c.1905 probably designed by are timber ventilators with OG shaped lead caps the group is a coach house and stable. Built in red Clyde Young. The main range has a central and carried on four columns and lead bases and 42 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal aprons on the ridges of the east and west ranges knapped flint with gault brick dressings and slate Cross Roads and the north and south cross wings. The entrance roof with lead hips and central axial gault brick 73-80 Cross Roads gate is 2½ storeys with a half timbered gabled stack. Single pile rectangular plan of two storeys upper storey jettied over the entrance arch. The with single storey red brick and slate extension to 71-74 Cross Roads ridge ventilator has a weathervane on its finial and east. Facade faces west, of 3 windows with central London Road the gable contains a clock face. The timber- door with fanlight under a two centred arch. 1st framing is set diagonally under the gables. floor has gothic windows with intersecting tracery 56, London Road and 2 light lattice casements under 2 centred gault The first floor windows have paired double hung Gate lodge built after 105 and before 1914 to the brick arches with a hood mould. Ground floor four pane sashes, and cross casements at ground design of the architect Clyde Young. Built of red at windows are three pane double hung sashes floor level under segmental brick arches with brick ground floor and decorative timber frame and under segmental brick arches. The sash widows limestone key blocks. Some of the external painted render above ground floor level and with a probably replace Gothic Casements. The rear ground floor windows have semicircular brick plain tile gabled roof with fretted ridge tiles and a range has a south facing logia supported by arches with limestone key blocks. central red brick chimney with rectangular painted timber columns with small timber braces. It clustered shafts. The lodge has a cruciform plan of Garden’s Cottage No 53 an estate cottage built has timber sash windows. The Cottage is listed 1 ½ storeys. There is a recessed porch carried on against the south wall of a service range. The Grade II. semicircular timber arches and posts in the south- gabled roofs are covered in red pantiles, and the Walled Garden adjacent to Stables.. The walled west corner of the south wing first floor above window sill level is half timbered garden is a complex space; enclosed to north and with pebble dash. Below 1st floor level the walls Gates & Railings between London Road & east by a high brick wall and to south by a long are of red brick. The building is formed of two Brandon road adjacent to 56 London Road range of single and two storey service buildings parallel ranges with an open, gabled, timber single with estate cottages on their south side. There is a Fine wrought iron gates and railings with dog rail storey porch facing south between the two parallel range of double pitched roofed glass house on the and caged piers. The gate piers have caged finials ranges. south side of the north wall. and the gates wrought iron overthrows. The gates Stable Cottage, No 52 (Fig 32). It has a 1 ½ are decorated with gilded wrought iron foliage and The south side of the walled garden is formed by storey rectangular plan built with a gabled red Cartouches bearing the date 190? single storey ranges flanking a central two storey pantiled roof, pebble dashed rendered 1stfloor and range built after 1905. The buildings have red plain Behind the gate is a an electric light on cast iron red brick ground floor. A single storey gabled tile roofs and red brick walls. The central section is standard c. 1910. timber open porch faces south. quite elaborate, the first floor windows flanked by 59, London Road Long Pond adjacent to the Stables recessed brick panels with corbelled brick heads and a central opening with a semicircular gauged Elveden VA Primary School, London Road Large rectangular pond enclosed by a stone brick arch with key block. The windows have six balustrade with entrance steps down to the pond 61 London Road pane double hung sashes. level at the centre of each face. Probable built 62 London Road c.1905. Water Tower 63 & 64 London Road South Lodge Listed grade ll* See list description 65 & 66 London Road Early C19th eye catcher and estate cottage built of Extension to Conservation Area 43 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

67 & 68 London Road Appendix 3 County Sites and Monuments Record Map. (Red lines show sites with 100m buffer) 69 & 70 London Road To be considered for listing The Walled Garden North of London Road The Estate Office No 40 London Road. The Post Office No’s 41 & 42 London Road, Estate Cottages The Stables The park is described in the draft survey carried out for Suffok County Council by Anthea Taigel, dated 26th April 1994.

44 Elveden Conservation Area Appraisal

This appraisal was written by Paul Edwards, Historic Environment Specialist, 2 Parkgate Cottages, Boulge, Woodbridge, Suffolk, IP13 6BN Tel 01394 383542 E-mail [email protected]