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Boko Haram Insurgency, National Insecurity and Polarized Nigeria: a Pedagogical and Analogical Study of Media Silence Vis-À-Vis Responsive Journalism Ogbuoshi Linus I

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Boko Haram Insurgency, National Insecurity and Polarized Nigeria: a Pedagogical and Analogical Study of Media Silence Vis-À-Vis Responsive Journalism Ogbuoshi Linus I www.idosr.org Ogbuoshi ©IDOSR PUBLICATIONS International Digital Organization for Scientific Research ISSN: 2579-0773 IDOSR JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 3(3): 31-53, 2018. Boko Haram Insurgency, National Insecurity and Polarized Nigeria: A Pedagogical and Analogical Study of Media Silence Vis-À-Vis Responsive Journalism Ogbuoshi Linus I. Senior Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria. ABSTRACT Nigeria is presently polarized along ethnic and religious lines. Today, Boko Haram sect, a religious sect in Northern Nigeria, has not only held Nigeria by the jugular, but actually snuffing life out of the seemingly lifeless body. The journalists on their own have chickened out as a result of the threats and attacks from the dreaded Islamic sect. This fearfulness and media silence informed this research. This paper is a pedagogical and analogical study of Boko Haram insurgency, threat to national security and largely disunited Nigeria, aimed at using the news media for national re-orientation and positioning Nigeria on the path of unity, peace and progress. Descriptive research design was adopted. The researcher used questionnaire in collecting of primary data. Representative sample of 400 was scientifically determined from a population of 26,947,640. Six trained research assistants were promptly deployed to each of the six geopolitical zones. Key Evidence from data analysis shows that people do not see Nigeria as a peaceful and united nation. Research data points out the obvious-that Boko Haram is a big threat to the corporate existence of the political entity called Nigeria. Evidence from research data shows that Nigeria journalists have actually chickened out of the professional responsibilities as they dread criticizing the terrorist activities of Boko Haram in recent times. The researcher concludes that Boko Haram is indeed a threat to the corporate existence of Nigeria. It was recommended that the Nigerian journalist be fearless and responsive in the coverage of all acts of terror. Keywords: Insurgency, Insecurity, Polarized, Fearlessness, Media Silence, Responsive. INTRODUCTION The activities of ethnic and religious brother and the giant of the continent, militia groupings have continued to Boko Haram seems to have held Nigeria threaten the fragile peace in various in the jugular and has perpetually individual nations of Africa, particularly brought the so called giant on her knees. the multi-ethnic and religious Nigeria. No wonder Prof. Wole Soyinka aver that Indeed, Nigeria is at her crossroads. No Nigeria is a giant with decaying feet. doubt, the society has been held hostage Although Nigeria as a nation may not by the Boko Haram Islamic Sect in some have fared well, 52 years after she northern States of Nigeria [1]. gained political independence from Insecurity has become a reoccurring Britain, it will be trite to posit that decimal in Africa‟s most populous insecurity, occasioned by various ethnic nation, Nigeria. Priding herself and a big and religious militia sects have become 31 IDOSR JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 3(3): 31-53, 2018. www.idosr.org Ogbuoshi her major undoing. Today, Boko Haram The political elites have constantly sect has not only held Nigeria by the sacrificed opportunities for initiating jugular, but actually snuffing life out of national integration on the altar of the seemingly lifeless body [2]. short-term interest, thus worsening the Nigeria: An Insecure and Largely already bad situation. Consequently, Polarized Nation despite the creation of several states Virtually in all societies of the world, and local Governments over the years, unity, peace and progress have and all efforts geared towards national continued to be priced values. But in cohesion, the Nigerian state remained Nigeria, these values have continued to plagued with conflicting interests that be threatened by ethnic divides and threatens Nigeria‟s corporate existence. sentiments as well as religious At every opportunity to grow as a nation intolerance. Since 1960 when Nigeria is the problem of intolerant ethnic attained independence, the unity of the diversities and religious world view political entity called Nigeria has been which are continually expressed in the trudging on a shaky ground [3]. series of violent crises that occur at The way the Nigerian state is structured quick succession in our body politic [4]. must have been responsible for the For sure, Ethnic and religious issues are deepening ethno -religious the most recurring issues in Nigeria‟s contradictions. This multi ethnic and political system. These issues have religious nature originates a constant permeated the political landscape from feeling of distrust between the the colonial period up till the present component members. The fear of one age when Boko Haram seems to have ethnic or religious group dominating the worsened matters as it concerns other is could also be a divisive element. national unity, peace and development. No doubt, ethnic suspicion and intrigues Nigeria remains a multi-ethnic and that had existed before 1960 led to the religious state. No doubt, the ethnic military coup d‟etat of 1966, the groups (dominant and minority) always traumatic civil war between 1967 and treat each other with suspicion and 1970, mutual distrust afterwards, and different religious beliefs clash at the the incessant ethno religious skirmishes slightest provocation. that have continued to threaten the very Institutional efforts which were made to fabric of Nigeria‟s democratic satiate these tendencies since 1960 have experience and national existence. It proved inadequate. The long years of was in consonance with the above that military rule increased the gap of [1] avers that the unity of Nigeria will distrust as the elites deliberately continue to elude us because of the employed state power to pursue variance in religious belief and ethnic primordial sentiments, thereby divide. increasing the gap and intolerance in 32 IDOSR JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 3(3): 31-53, 2018. www.idosr.org Ogbuoshi Nigeria. This may have prompted [5] to include the Arewa people‟s Congress state that the current political cum (APC), the Movement for the religious battles is fuelled by certain Actualization of the Sovereign State of quarters and individuals who benefits at Biafra (MASSOB), and the Ohaneze the expense of the state and citizens. Ndigbo [6]. The introduction of the sharia legal With the emergence of these ethnic system equally brought another groups and the deep divides between dimension into the whole farce. While the various ethnic groups, religious the Moslems justifies its introduction as intolerance has become more violent part of the dividends of democracy, the and bloodier using the ethnic militias as Christians see its introduction as the executors of ethno-religious agenda. contrary to the spirit of secularism as In Nigeria, it is interesting to note that provided for in section 10 of the 1979 ethnicity and religious bigotry has and 1999 constitutions, which states become a fulcrum of various forms of that “the Government of the Federation nationalism ranging from assertion of or of a state shall not adopt any religion language, cultural autonomy and as a state Religion”. The above brings to religion, superiority to demands for the fore that the real problem in Nigeria local political autonomy and self- is not so much the level of ethnic determination. All these have along the differences, secularity or religiosity but line led to some forms of contextual fears of political domination of one discrimination of members of one ethnic ethnic or religious group by the other. or religious group against another on With over four hundred (400) ethnic the basis of differentiated Systems of groupings, belonging to several socio- cultural symbols and religion. religious belief systems, Nigeria since Therefore, in a multi-ethnic and 1960 has remained a multi-ethnic state, religiously diverse society like Nigeria, which has been grappling with the with some forms of contextual problem of ethnicity on the one hand, discrimination, relationships between and the problem of ethno-religious people may be characterized by lack of conflicts on the other. cordiality, mutual suspicion and fear as This phenomenon of ethnic and it is the case among the ethnic and religious intolerance have led to religious groups in Nigeria. This incessant recurrence of ethno-religious explains why ethno- religious conflicts conflicts over the years, which have have become a permanent feature of given birth to so many ethnic Nigeria as a nation as far back as 1980s movements like Odua People Congress to date. (OPC), the Bakassi Boys, the Egbesu Nigeria today is being ravaged by Boko Boys, the Ijaw Youth congress (IYC), and Haram sect, seen to be ethnic and the Igbo people Congress (IPC). Others religious sect that has continued to 33 IDOSR JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 3(3): 31-53, 2018. www.idosr.org Ogbuoshi threaten the unity of the Nigerian cold shivers down the spine of the people. Thus, before the present Nigerian Journalist. The name Boko democratic experiment in Nigeria, there Haram is indeed making news reporters were ethno-religious conflicts that to dread their news beats and such fears claimed so many lives and property have gradually redefined the concept of (Mohammed, 2005). The frequent news reporting, news analysis, occurrence of ethno- religions conflict investigative journalism and editorials. with the coming of democracy is due to Today, the Nigerian journalists have freedom provided by democratic rule, gradually chickened out of objective salawu [7]. reportage of Boko Haram activities. The emergence of Boko Haram (Jama‟ There is media silence to terrorism and atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda‟ awati wal-Jihad) terror activities of this deadly Islamic meaning western education is sin has sect. But the extent to which the added another dangerous dimension to Journalists could be gingered to give the already threatened unity peace and objective and responsible journalism in stability of Nigeria.
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