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In This Edition: Page Page  What to See in Geelong 2  Joan of Arc 20  J.A.Birchall 4  Animal Cruelty 22  Welcome to Colac 6  John Batman 24  Blue-Ringed Octopus 8  Marilyn Munroe 26  The Gordon 10  Recipe— Chicken Cacciatore 28  Nazca Lines 12  Word Search—Corio Shops 29  Bird Watching Near Geelong 14  Shipwrecked! Joseph H Scammell 30  Samuel Thomas Gill 16  150 Years Ago 31  “The Kelly Gang” Movie 18  Then… & Now 32  Lismore 19

Geelong Waterfront: Eastern beach has a beautiful hill landscape for jogging, a gated swimming area and stunning views of Corio Bay. Locals and tourists come here to take a morning walk, or enjoy photography etc. You can continue walking around the bay all the way to Western Beach. See the history of Geelong played out through the wooden bollards—great points for group discussion. The Great Ocean Road: Not quite in Geelong, but if you’ve come this far, you should not miss this wonder nearby. This is a very rugged part of coastline, with cliffs, gorges and blowholes. The most well known feature of the Great Ocean Road is the 12 Apostles. Only seven of them remain as wind, rain and waves erode the cliff face. A helicopter ride is a great way to get to see the coast. Stop for a walk at Loch Ard Gorge, before reaching the quaint seaside town of Port Campbell. Geelong Botanic Gardens: A highlight of any trip to Geelong is the beautiful display at the Geelong Botanic Gardens. This eclectic mix of exotic plants is worth a stroll through any- time. As you walk in the gardens there are two of those quirky bollards that are endemic to the town. One is a representation of the first curator of the gardens, Daniel Bunce. The other thing that immediately catches your eye is the stand out dragon tree. The National Wool Museum: The National Wool Museum is Australia's only comprehensive museum of wool, showcasing wool's enduring impact on Australia social and economic life. With a brief to explore the past, present and future of the Australian wool industry, the Museum acquires documents, preserves, stores and exhibits objects and materials directly related to and which reflect significant developments in the Australian wool industry. 2 The Old Geelong Gaol: The Old Geelong Gaol, formerly a high security prison, remains much the same as when it was operating up until 1991. Inside the Gaol it is cold, bleak and primitive. Don`t miss cell 47 which features the "Window to Freedom”—a graffiti style wall mural painted by an inmate. It is a unique part of the gaol`s history. The Gaol is open 1pm-4pm every Saturday, Sunday, Public and School Holidays and 11am-3pm Thursday and Friday. Ford Discovery Centre: Mad Ford enthusiasts, car lovers and kids will love this place. Geelong is home to a major Ford Motor Car manufacturing plant. This museum explains the history of the "Ford" and gives visitors the opportunity to see how cars are made.

Cunningham Pier: Cunningham Pier is an important tourist attraction in Geelong, located at Western Beach. Locals and tourists come here for fishing, walking, dining, or just a coffee while enjoying fabulous views of Corio Bay.

Johnstone Park: If you come to Geelong via train, the first thing you will see outside the station is Johnstone Park— the cultural hub of the city, surrounded by the Geelong Art Gallery, Library, Heritage Centre, City Hall, State Office, and The Gordon campus. The park is a favourite spot for lunches, and displays sculptures from famous local artist– Wallace Anderson. Kardinia Park: If you happen to be in Geelong in the winter months check out a game of Aussie Rules at Kardinia Park. Simmonds Stadium, currently being extended, is in the middle of Kardinia Park, and plays host to nine games each season. In recent years, “The Cats” have had one of the greatest teams of all time, winning three of the past five AFL premierships.

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What makes a person famous? Sometimes the most ordinary of people can do the extraordi- nary. J.A. Birchall falls into this category—in fact he has influenced the lives of most people on the planet—even you! “Never heard of him,” you say? Let me tell you about this quiet Tasmanian. John Arthur Molyneaux Birchall was born in Launceston on February 12, 1876. The Birchall family were book sellers, with his relatives owning the oldest bookshop in Australia.* Opening for J.A. Birchall in 1952– aged 76 business in November 1844 on its current site as a seller of "books, stationery and fancy goods," the following advertisement appeared in the Launceston Examiner: "S.A. Tegg respectfully intimates that he has taken eligible and spacious premises in Brisbane Street with a splendid assortment of books, stationery and fancy goods arriving by every vessel." Four separate owners tried to make a go of the store before it was sold to the Walch Brothers of Hobart, who appointed Andrew Birchall as manager. Birchall became a partner in 1867 and the business was carried on under the title of Walch Brothers and Birchall. Shortly before his death in 1893 Andrew Birchall acquired the business for himself and his sons, Harry and Frank, and registered the firm of A.W.Birchall and Sons. Andrew and his wife Harriett had a large family—at least seven sons and two daughters, Grace and Dora. Like many families of the time, some of the children died. In 1870 their son Alfred and his twin brother died shortly after childbirth; Horace died in 1876 aged 5; and Louis died in 1882 aged 4. Andrew himself died suddenly in 1893 aged 62. When Harry

An early photo of Birchalls *Yes, Birchalls Bookshop is still open today at 118-120 bookshop Brisbane Street, Launceston. See: www.birchalls.com.au 4 died in 1894 at aged 36, John replaced him as a partner in the bookshop, although only 18 years old at the time. Harriett herself died in 1905 aged 70. Finally, when Frank died of typhoid in 1907 John, as last known surviving male member of the family, took over as Managing Director. Health wise, John was the lucky one in the family, While the book selling business prospered, John also involved himself fully in Launceston sporting and community activities. He enjoyed a game of crochet and was a keen golfer. He became treasurer of the Children’s Hospital Committee in 1908. He was appointed president of the first baseball Association in Launceston in 1909. Later in life he was active at the Bowls Club, and help fund the local football league. While J.A. Birchall enjoyed community involvement, he passion was books. A long-time member of the Australian Book-sellers Association, he was elected the Association’s President in July 1942. So how has this hard-working Tasmanian influenced the lives of you and me? Please read the box below to find out...

Everybody Uses Notepads! Before production of the writing pad, all writing paper was folded and sold in lots of 24 as a "quire" and fitted into a box which was sold as a ream or 20 quires. This inconvenient form of packaging and selling paper led J.A.Birchall in 1902 to suggest to the famous British paper manufacturers Wiggins Teape a more convenient idea—that the paper be cut into smaller sheets, packed on a piece of cardboard and gummed together at the top. The suggestion was considered ridiculous, and rejected out of hand by the directors of the famous British Company. Initially Birchall sold the pads at his shop in Launceston. Eventually, a trial shipment of “Silver City Writing Tablets” were finally made up and sent out as an experiment. Acceptance by the public was enthusiastic as people started to appre- ciate the new convenient form of note-taking. Sales increased and other manufacturers started copying the idea. How often do you use a note- pad? Perhaps the next time you do, you may think of the humble Book-seller down in Launceston.

5 Located one hour drive west of Geelong is the pretty lakeside city of Colac. Prior to European settlement the area around Lake Colac was occupied by the Kolijon Aborigines. The town's name is thought either to derive from this tribal name, or from an aboriginal word referring to the ‘fresh water’ in Victoria’s largest fresh water lake. The number of indigenous people living in the area when white people arrived is uncertain, but there were mostly likely several hundred aborigines living off the many resources offered by the lake. John Co-Coc-Coine, known as 'King of the Warriors,' was the last chief of the local tribe. He died in 1865. The first European to settle in the area was the pastoralist Hugh Murray. Murray was born in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1814, the son of an early settler. At age 23 he responded to reports of good land over on the Australian mainland in the Port Phillip District. Murray arrived on The Gem at Corio Bay in 1837, a year before the township of Geelong was founded. Other Europeans also came to explore the vast western plains of the Port Phillip District. In the same year Murray arrived, two explorers, Joseph Gellibrand and George Hesse travelled around the Lake Colac area. It would appear that not all the aborigines were happy with the incursions of these white men. The two men disappeared and their bodies were never found, presumed killed by the local tribes. They are remembered in the naming of the township of Gellibrand, a river, and as Colac street names. Thus, it must have been with a little nervousness that Murray, along with other pastoralists seeking good grazing land, headed west from Geelong. Thomas

Murray Street, Colac, in the late 1850s, for much of the year a muddy quagmire. 6 The “Bad” Shepherd Austin stopped to establish Barwon Park In 1854 Hugh Murray employed a couple near Winchelsea. Hugh Murray continued of shepherds named Thomas Brookhouse west, settling near Barongarook Creek at and Patrick Geary. Brookhouse was out the southern end of Lake Colac, building looking for missing sheep when he his first homestead in 1840 in what is now disappeared without a trace. Patrick Chapel Street. Geary and his wife soon left the district. In those early formative years it was a Fifteen years later a boy out rabbiting lonely life of hard work for the men who found the skeletal remains of Thomas settled in the area. Then, in 1846, a new Brookhouse under a pile of rocks near arrival rocked the district—in the form of Lake Corangamite. Brookhouse had his a 23-year-old woman. Miss Young was head smashed in. born in Edinburgh, Scotland. She had It took Police two years to track immigrated to Van Diemen’s Land with down Patrick Geary and charge him with her family, her father becoming a solicitor Brookhouse's murder. A friend of Geary in Hobart town. When she married Hugh told the court that Geary had killed Murray she became the only white Brookhouse with an axe to stop him from woman for many miles. Together with her informing Murray of Geary's sheep husband she shared the hardships of stealing activities. Geary was hanged in managing a large sheep run and establish- Melbourne in 1871. ing a life for herself in the fledgling community. It was later noted by the town that Hugh Murray’s fortune was only made with the help of his hard-working wife. The Murray’s eventually had 14 children (no TV in those days!), some who died early in life. Murray’s location, on the third largest volcanic plain in the world, proved to be an excellent site to run sheep. He was soon joined by other settlers and the town of Lake Colac* was proclaimed in 1848. A Post Office opened that same year on July 1. With so many new settlers in the area, there proved to be a need for a town council and magistrate, accompanied by police officers. That same year, 1848, the governor of New South Wales appointed Hugh Murray to become the new magistrate and the local citizens voted Murray to the position of council president, an honour he held to the day of his death. Hugh Murray died after a long illness on July 28, 1869, aged 55. Many newspapers throughout the country lamented the loss of one of Australia’s earliest, and most respected pioneer settlers. His wife continued to live in the family home until she died in 1892, aged 69. Colac’s main street, now part of the Princes Highway, is named in Hugh Murray’s honour. Would you like to know more about Colac’s history? Why not visit the information Centre in the middle of the city and obtain the brochure on Colac’s Heritage Walk. *The town was renamed “Colac” in 1854. 7

Don’t let those pretty colours in the water fool you—this animal can kill! Blue-ringed octopus species live in tide pools in the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia, mainly from southern New South Wales to South Australia, including all Victorian waters. They are currently recognized as one of the world's most venomous marine animals. Despite their small size and relatively docile nature, they can prove a real danger to humans. Recognized by their characteristic blue and black rings and yellowish skin, when the octopus is agitated the brown patches darken dramatically, and iridescent blue rings or clumps of rings appear and pulsate. Typically 50-60 blue rings cover the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the mantle. Mainly at night they hunt small crabs, hermit crabs, and shrimp. They pounce on their prey, paralyse them with venom and use their beaks to tear off pieces. They then suck out the flesh from the crustacean's exoskeleton. However, if provoked, they will also attack larger animals, as well as humans. Reproduction: The mating ritual for the blue-ringed octopus begins when a male approaches a female and begins to caress her with his modified arm, the hectocotylus. A male mates with a female by grabbing her mantle, which sometimes completely obscures the female's vision, then transfers sperm packets by inserting his hectocotylus into her mantle cavity repeatedly. Blue-ringed octopus females lay only one clutch of about fifty eggs in their lifetime towards the end of autumn. Eggs are then incubated underneath the female's arms for approximately six months, and during this process she does not eat. After the eggs hatch, the female dies, and the new offspring will reach maturity and be able to mate by the following year. Venom: The blue-ringed octopus is 12 to 20 cm long but its venom is power- ful enough to kill humans. There is no blue-ringed octopus antivenom available. The octopus produces venom that contains tetrodotoxin, a neuro- toxin which is also found in pufferfish. It is 10,000 times more toxic than cyanide. The blue-ringed octopus, despite its small size, carries enough venom to kill 26 adult humans within minutes. Furthermore, their bites are tiny and often painless, with many

8 victims not realizing they have been bitten by a poisonous creature until respiratory failure starts to set in. Tetrodotoxin blocks sodium channels, causing motor paralysis and respiratory arrest within minutes of exposure, leading to cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen. The toxin is produced by bacteria in the salivary glands of the octopus. Treatment: First aid treatment for a bite by a blue-ringed octopus is pressure on the wound and artificial respiration once the paralysis has disabled the victim's respiratory muscles, which often occurs within minutes of being bitten. Tetrodotoxin causes severe and often total body paralysis. The victim remains conscious and alert in a manner similar to curare. The paralysis, however, is temporary and will fade over a period of hours as the tetrodotoxin is metabolized and excreted by the body. It is thus essential that rescue breathing be continued without pause until the paralysis subsides and the victim regains the ability to breathe on their own. This is a daunting physical prospect for a single individual, but use of a bag valve mask respirator reduces fatigue to sustainable levels until help can arrive. The symptoms vary in severity, with children being the most at risk because of their small body size. Because the venom primarily kills through paralysis, victims are frequently saved if artificial respiration is started and maintained before marked cyanosis and hypotension develop. Victims who live through the first 24 hours generally go on to make a complete recovery. It is essential that efforts continue even if the victim appears not to be responding. Because of the paralysis that occurs they have no way of signalling for help or any way of indicating distress. Respiratory support, together with reassur- ance, until medical assistance arrives ensures that the victim will generally recover well. Hospital treatment involves placing the patient on a medical ventilator until the toxin is neutralized by the body. When at the beach keep a close lookout for blue-ringed octopuses in rock pools. Make sure children understand the danger, and how to identify and stay away from the colourful creatures. Very young children should not be left to explore rock pools without adult supervision.

9 During the late 1800s, Geelong's increasing importance as an industrial centre, along with a worrying overseas trend showing Britain was losing its traditional markets to the Major General United States and Europe, spurred leading Geelong citizens Charles Gordon to campaign for greater technical training. The Gordon Technical College opened on September 14, 1887, as a single- storied hall (now the Davidson Restaurant, on the corner of Little Malop Street and Fenwick Street) and operated mainly night classes for tradespeople. The facility was named after English Major General Charles Gordon, who had died during the siege of Khartoum in the Sudan, Africa in 1885. A year after opening, classroom and office space was added with the building of the first of the Fenwick Street towers. A chemistry lab (now the Koori Unit) followed in 1889 and a two-storey trade shop (now the theatre) in 1890. The centrepiece of the Fenwick Street facade was built in 1892 but the third and balancing stage, housing electrical and physics labs and architectural drafting rooms, wasn't completed until 1916. The post-World War I period was something of a building boom at the Gordon. Public subscription paid for the 1921 Lascelles Memorial Chemistry Building to commemorate the father of Geelong's wool trade. The Lascelles style continued in the 1928 Bostock Memorial, which comprised a lecture theatre and memorial hall (now the Gordon Gallery and executive offices).

10 Demand for placements in the Wool Classing course (which was started in 1891), led to further expansion. The wool sorting room was enlarged, though it was dwarfed by the Percy Everett designed 1930s Wool School and Everett's modernistic Textile College facing Gordon Avenue (1949). By this period, the Gordon had built on all the available space on the Fenwick Street site. It was time to go west. Linked by a passageway above The Textile College– built in 1949 the railway line, building began on the LaTrobe Terrace side of the city campus in the 1960s with an engineering diploma block, followed by a humanities building. Eventually expansion outside the city centre also became necessary. Land was purchased at Waurn Ponds in 1969 and the first building, the Applied Sciences block, was constructed. A library and student lodgings followed in 1975. By 1976, rumours of another Victorian university had become a reality for Geelong. Deakin University, named after Australia's first Prime Minister, Alfred Deakin, took over the Gordon's Waurn Ponds campus. As well as redeveloping its city campus during the 1970-80s, the Gordon expanded to new locations, including the Geelong East Technical School site on Boundary Road. Recent government funding towards ongoing improvements at the East Geelong Campus will continue to ensure the best possible education experience for all The Gordon students Today, the Gordon operates across three campuses, offering 400 nationally recognised courses to over 18,000 students each year. There is hardly a Geelong family that has not had at least one member benefit from this renowned educational facility, now celebrating 125 years in Geelong.

Geelong Railway Station

Latrobe Terrace Ryrie Street

11 The Nazca lines are giant sketches drawn in the desert of western Peru by ancient civilizations. They were created on such a large scale that the shapes can only be readily discerned from the air. The Nazca lines are named after the Nazca Indians, who flourished in the area from 200 BCE to about United States, was flying over the region in a small plane. From his vantage point in the sky he was startled to look down and see the unusual lines drawn across the de- sert floor. At first he believed that the lines outlined an ancient irriga- tion system. But when he made another pass of the area on the summer solstice and noticed that one line pointed directly to the setting of the sun, he concluded that he was looking at "the biggest astronomy book in the world.” Other finds confirmed the Nazca 600 CE. Graves and ruins of their interest in astronomy. civilization have been found near the lines. It was most likely the Nazca’s that produced these amazing pictures, since similar drawings are found on other Nazca artefacts, including pottery. Re-discovery in modern times date back to 1939 when water irrigation scientist, Paul Kosok, from the

12 The Nazca lines include straight lines and geometric shapes as well as stylized depictions of animals, humans, and plants. The general consensus of research- ers led to the belief that the Nazca lines served a sacred purpose, related to their religious beliefs. However, other more sensational claims have also been made: the lines represent an astronomical

Nazca Lines

calendar; the lines and drawings were messages sent to the Gods; the lines were made as a landing strip for visitors from outer space. While the true reasons for drawing the Nazca lines remains mysterious, they have certainly made the Peru- vian desert a popular destination for tourists to visit.

13 Bird watching is a popular hobby, with millions of enthusiasts reaching for their binoculars throughout the world. Geelong has a number of organisations dedicated to bird watching, in associa- tion with environmental conservation. They provide opportunities to meet other knowledgeable people interested in birdlife. Bird-watching excursions or private tours can also be arranged. Bird watching is a great way to relax Yellow-tufted Honeyeater and enjoy some quiet time. No matter where you live or visit, there are always birds to watch and enjoy. In case you haven’t noticed, birds lead very interesting lives. Their activities encourage us to stop whatever we’re doing and watch them as they flutter and fly around, eating bird food (be it seed, fruit or nectar), protecting their young, building their nests or other bird activities. Birds are highly visible, spectacularly diverse, and fascinating to watch and study. Geelong is richly endowed with bird species ranging from our shores, to the wet forests of the Otway Ranges or the dry forests of the Brisbane Ranges. There are approximately 340 different species of birds in the Geelong area. Where are some good bird-watching spots to start? Ironbark Basin: A beautiful piece of varied bushland 25km southwest of Geelong, near the famous Bell's Beach. Take the Pt. Addis turnoff from the Anglesea Rd, just after the roundabout. Iron- bark and messmate forests, open grassy woodland with acacias and grasstrees, and beautiful coastal heath along the cliff-tops make this a very useful birding spot. Look for Yellow-faced Honeyeaters, Tawny- Orange-bellied Parrots 14 crowned Honeyeaters, White-napped Honeyeaters, Southern Emu-wrens, Rufous Bristlebirds and more. Hospital swamp: Part of the Lake Connewarre system. Take Lake Road, off the Barwon Heads Road. A good site for water-fowl and waders, Hospital Swamp seems to have more than its fair share of unusual and rare sightings around Geelong. As well as the regulars like Royal Spoonbill, Yellow-billed Spoonbill and Red-kneed Dotterel, you may be lucky enough to see Magpie Geese, Glossy Ibis, White-winged Terns, or Wood Sandpipers. Inverleigh Common/Bannockburn Bush: One of the few remaining Yellow-gum grasslands, this is a great area for watching birds. The late winter/early spring flowering of the magnificent Yellow-gums make it an important stop-over for nectar feeders, like Spiny-cheeked and Black-chinned Honeyeaters, while White-backed Wood Swallows, Olive-backed Orioles and Jacky Winters are reported at other times. Take the Hamilton Highway to Inverleigh or Ballarat Road to Bannockburn.

A Visitor to Geelong Writes: “Had a look at Serendip Sanctuary just north of Lara, and was delighted. There is a small man-made lake in the middle of a 250 hectare block of native revegetation. It is shallow and surrounded by generous swathes of dense native shrubs. There are half a dozen well constructed hides in addition to many other vantage points from which one can observe free-living water birds, waders and raptors. In addition there are a number of enclosures for the display and captive breeding of more vulnerable species. All but two of these were generous in size and vegetation. I guess it might have been my only opportunity to photograph a male bustard in full breeding regalia snorting his best. I made the most of it, and sat myself on the ground with my back to a tree and shot off a whole CF card full of shots. In all, I was able to photograph more than a dozen species that I had not previously photographed. And the little black-fronted dotterel came so close I could scarcely believe my luck! I'll definitely revisit Serendip Sanctuary.” Margaret L.

15 Before the invention of film, and in the fledgling days of photography, lithographer and water- colour painter, S.T.Gill did more than any other early Australian to capture everyday scenes of people going about their daily lives. His extensive pictorial library includes many early views of Geelong. Samuel Thomas Gill was born on May 21, 1818 in Somerset, England, the son of Baptist minister, the National Library of Australia Rev. Samuel Gill, and his wife, Winifred. Gill was educated at Plymouth in a school kept by his parents, and later at Dr Seabrook's academy. He had some instruction in drawing from his father, who was an amateur artist. Gill was employed in London as a 'Draftsman and Water Colour Painter' by the Hubard Profile Gallery, an establishment which produced silhouettes. In 1839, when he was 21 years old, he immigrated to the colony of South Australia along with his parents. Upon arriving in Adelaide, Gill established a portrait studio, and called for those 'desirous of obtaining a correct likeness' of themselves and their families, friends, animals and residences to contact him. His activities soon expanded to include street scenes and public events, including the newly discovered copper mines at Burra Burra as well as the departure of Charles Sturt's expedition for the interior on October 8, 1844. His sketching tours of the districts surrounding Adelaide, produced a number of watercolours. Travelling to Melbourne, Gill took up an interest in photography - ordering a daguerreotype camera and other necessary equipment in 1846, setting up as a professional photographer. With public interest in the new medium not forth- coming, Gill sold his camera and returned to Adelaide. Later that same year Gill joined John Horrocks' expedi- tion northwards to the Flinders Ranges. Horrocks had mounted a small expedition to search for suitable farming land. Gill's watercolours and pencil sketches provide a narrative of this fateful trip, which saw Horrocks die after being accidently shot. In January Rocking the Cradle– 1853 Victorian Goldfields 1847 Gill raffled some sketches made 16 by him on the journey, and in February an exhibition of pictures was held in Adelaide of which he appears to have been the organizer. In 1852 Gill went to the Victorian gold diggings, and over the next twenty years produced drawings of Victoria and New South Wales, many published as lithographs. Twenty-four lithographed sketches by Gill, Victoria Gold Diggings and Diggers As They Are, were published in Melbourne and London in 1853. In the 1850s Gill had a studio in Collin Street, Melbourne, over the premises of James J. Blundell & Co., booksellers and publishers. Victoria Illustrated, a book of steel engravings was based on Gill’s drawings. Gill's Scenery in and Around Sydney (1856) appeared in two parts, each including six 'lithographic sketches.' Several editions were published of The Australian Sketchbook by S. T. G., a portfolio of lithographed views, mostly of rural life. In 1869 he was commissioned by the trustees of the Melbourne Public Library to do forty sketches of the Victorian goldfields. After 1870 Gill fell into obscurity, though he continued to produce work, some of it in the nature of cartoons which were coarse in execution. On October 27, 1880 he collapsed in Post Office Place, Melbourne, and was found to be dead when taken to hospital. The next day an inquest was held and the cause of death was found to be 'rupture of an aneurism of the aorta.' His grave in the Melbourne General Cemetery was unmarked until 1913 when his body was moved to a private plot in the same cemetery and a stone erected, paid for by funds collected by the Historical Society of Victoria. He never married. What survives of Gill’s work is confined to numerous drawings, mostly water- colours, and to many lithograph prints. Gill usually worked in landscape or town- scape, often with figures of human beings and with horses and dogs. His work was marked by delicacy and care, but he will no doubt be remembered mainly for the work he did after he left South Australia, and particularly his convincing pictures of life on the gold diggings, which he executed with great vitality. Collections of S. T. Gill's work, both original water- colour drawings and prints, are in the National Library, Canberra, the Mitchell Library, Sydney, the National Galleries of Victoria and South Australia, and the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Over coming months we will be featuring Samuel Gill’s artwork on the back page of the Jillong Pocket to compare scenes from early Geelong with modern day views. Licensing Tent– Ballarat 1853 17

While Hollywood and Bollywood are credited for producing most movies seen today, you may be surprised to learn that the first feature film ever produced was made right here in Melbourne. Released in 1906, it was the story of notorious Australian outlaw Ned Kelly who was hung at the Melbourne Goal in 1880. Filmed on location at Eltham, in Melbourne, the estimated budget for the project was £500-£1,125 ($1000-$2,250). The production company J. & N. Tait, Johnson and Gibson created the silent black and white film. They were the owners of the Athenaeum Hall in Melbourne and were convinced that people would be able to sit through a long film since Did You Know? they already sat for 2 hours or more to watch The film was banned in Benalla and live theatre. The 70 minute film was eventu- Wangaratta in 1907, and then ally shown throughout Australia, New Zealand, again in Adelaide in 1911. Britain, and parts of Europe. Box office receipts totalled about £12,500, quite a profit for those days. In April 1907 the film was banned in Benalla and Wangaratta by the Victorian Chief Secretary. An initial showing of the film near Wangaratta, where many of Kelly’s relatives still lived, led to Unfinished Performance? the audience smashing the projector and destroying the film. The lead role of Ned Kelly was played Many were obviously disturbed to by Frank Mills, a Canadian who was a

see Ned portrayed as a thief and member of the Bland Holt Touring AustralianInventions police killer. Company. He was clad in Ned Kelly's actual armour for the filming of the movie. Not only adults were influenced by the film. Inspired by the For some unexplained reason, Frank screening of the movie in Ballarat, disappeared from the set before filming 5 local children broke into a was finished. The movie was finished with photographic studio to steal an extra taking Frank’s place, with only money, after which they bailed up long shots of Ned Kelly taken so that a group of school children at gun movie-goers would not notice that the point! main actor was now a different person.

18 Lismore Hotel

Lismore is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Hamilton Highway 170 km west of Melbourne. It is at a point equidistant between Geelong and Warrnambool, and 12km east of the neighbouring town- ship of Derrinallum. Lismore Post Office opened on December 1, 1864. A small Hamilton Highway town, Lismore lies just a few kilometres from the northernmost lakes in the Colac Lakes system. There are more than 50 lakes in the chain that spreads across the huge sweep of volcanic plains to the north of Colac. The largest lake, Lake Corangamite, is three times saltier than the ocean and only a species of minnow which has an extreme tolerance to salt can survive in its waters. The town features one of the state's oldest private chapels, a Gothic revival style building built by Scottish emigrant Adam Robertson in 1867 from blue- stone. There is also a large woolshed, capable of shearing 15,000 merinos, built by Robertson in 1841. The town and surrounding area still produces wool products including Ugg Boots. People from Lismore include Labour politician Gordon Bryant, member of the second Whitlam ministry, and Liberal politician Tony Street from the McMa- hon ministry. Well-known sportsman, Olympic Silver medallist Ji Wallace was from Lismore, and Simon Hussey multi ARIA award winning producer and composer for Daryl Braithwaite and James Reyne was born in Lismore in 1960.

Lismore

Geelong

Warrnambool

19 Nicknamed “The Maid of Orléans,” Joan of Arc is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in 1412 who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years’ War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII. She was captured by the Burgundians, sold to the English, tried by an church court, and burned at the stake when she was only 19 years old. Joan of Arc experienced her first vision around 1424 at the age of 12. She was out alone in a field and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin (Charles VII) to Reims for his coronation. She cried when they left, as she thought they were so beautiful. After years of one humiliating defeat after another, both the military and civil leadership of France were demoralized and discredited. Wearing men’s clothes to discourage other soldiers from taking advantage of her virginity, Joan of Arc sought out the French leaders to allow her to fulfill her “divine commission” to rid France of the English. In 1429, the uncrowned French king Charles VII granted 17-year-old Joan’s urgent request to be equipped for war and placed at the head of his army. The level of French desperation is evident by this seemingly foolish appointment. The French army was besieged by the English at Orléans. Joan of Arc rejected the cautious strategy that had characterized French leadership during previous campaigns. Under her leadership, on May 4, 1429 the French attacked and captured the outlying fortress of Saint Loup. The next day Joan captured a second fortress called Saint Jean le Blanc, and the following day, she rode out and captured the fortress of Saint Augustins. That evening she learned she had been excluded from a war council where the leaders had decided to wait for reinforcements before acting again. Disregarding this decision, she insisted on attacking the main English stronghold called “les Tourelles” on May 7. Although she was wounded in the neck by an arrow she returned to lead the final charge to victory. Jubilantly she wrote:

20 “The Maiden lets you know that here, in eight days, she has chased the English out of all places they held on the river Loire by attack or other means: they are dead or prisoners or discouraged in battle. Believe what you have heard about the earl of Suffolk, the lord la Pole and his brother, the lord Talbot, the lord Scales, and Sir Fastolf; many more knights and captains than these are defeated.” – Joan’s Letter to the citizens of Tournai, June 25, 1429. For the next 12 months Joan led the French to many more victories until, on May 23, 1430 she was captured during an attack on the Burgundian camp at Margny. After several unsuccessful escape attempts, the English government eventually purchased her from Duke Philip of Burgundy, and she was put on trial for heresy by an ecclesiastical court. The charge of heresy stemmed from a bible command forbidding women to wear men’s clothing. (Deuteronomy 22:5) Legal proceed- ings commenced on January 9, 1431 at Rouen, the seat of the English occupation government. Although the Catholic Church lacked jurisdiction in the case Bishop Cauchon refused Joan’s appeal to the pope and pressed on with the trial. Heresy was a capital crime only for a repeat offense and Joan was again wearing feminine clothing at the start of the trial. A few days later she told a tribunal member that “a great English lord had entered her prison and tried to take her by force.” She resumed male attire as a defense against molestation or rape. This second act of “heresy” saw her condemned and sentenced to execution by burn- ing on May 30, 1431. Tied to a tall pillar in Rouen, she burned to death. After she expired, the English raked back Joan of Arc did not the coals to expose her charred come from a place body so that no one could claim called Arc, but was born that she had escaped alive, then and raised in the village burned the body twice more to of Domrémy, France. In reduce it to ashes and prevent the English language her any collection of relics. They cast Joan of Arc’s signature on first name has been her remains into the river Seine. her letters repeated as Joan since A posthumous retrial opened the 15th century because that was the only after the war ended, authorized English equivalent for the feminine form of by Pope Callixtus III. In June 1456 John at the time. Her surviving signatures are all the results of the trial exonerated spelled Jehanne without surname. Joan of Arc of any wrong-doing Her father’s name was D’arc, but no surviving and she was declared a martyr. record from Joan's lifetime shows that she used Finally, on May 16, 1920 Pope either her mother's or her father's surname, Benedict XV declared her a saint. but she often referred to herself as la Pucelle, She remains one of the most which roughly translates as the Maiden, which popular saints in the Roman led early researchers to describe her as the Catholic Church. Maid of Orléans. 21

All animals deserve a life free from abuse. Whether a beloved family pet, or a nameless farm animal — all cherish joy, and fear violence. Animals, like us, are emotional beings. Their desire to be free from suffering is not unlike our own. Yet unlike us, they cannot vote, object, or speak out against violence—making it easy to exploit them without our protection. Most Australians love animals. We give our pets the best life we can; we fiercely oppose whaling and are horrified by the killing of seals for fur. As a nation we despise cruelty to animals, but few of us realise that legally sanctioned acts of cruelty to animals happen every day in Australia. These animals, including over 500 million animals raised for food every year in factory farms, experience pain and suffering in the same ways as our beloved pets. Yet the Australian legal system provides little protection against cruel treatment. As a result of Codes of Practice, mother pigs can be locked up in crates barely bigger than there bodies for most of their pregnancy. Piglets can have their tails sliced off and teeth cut without any form of pain relief. Laying hens suffer their entire lives in battery cages where they can’t even stretch their wings and millions of 'meat chickens' die every year because they are bred to grow so fast that their legs are unable to support them. Maximising profits for their food production is the motivation of uncaring industry operators. It can never provide a justifiable excuse in any civilised society for permitting abhorrent acts of cruelty to millions of animals each year. Codes of Practice also cover animals used in Rodeos, Circus’s, theme parks and those who hunt for sport, including duck hunting. However, since animals continue to suffer, it would appear that the law falls short of protecting animals from unnecessary stress and pain in these areas as well. But What Can I Do? Helping animals doesn't have to be complicated, time-consuming, or even expensive. It's about being informed and making simple, every- day choices that can free animals from the suffering and abuse. For example, why not consider the following suggestions—

22 1. Factory farms still exist because unwitting shoppers purchase their products. If you disagree with confining intelligent pigs in crates so small they can’t turn around, or performing surgical procedures on animals without pain relief, then the choice is simple—join the growing number of Australian who refuse to buy factory-farmed products. 2. In addition, spare a thought for lab animals. While we as humans reap the benefits from product testing on animals, millions of animals suffer immensely in needless product testing experiments. An option we all have is to look for household cleaning products and cosmetics that are not tested on animals. (For more details visit www.choosecruelty free.org.au.) 3. Think twice about eggs. It's becoming common knowledge that most egg laying hens are forced to spend their short lives crammed inside battery cages where they cannot even stretch their wings. While costing a little more, free range eggs come from hens that are allowed to roam outside through the day, providing an option to eggs from caged hens. 4. Over 200,000 healthy but unwanted cats, dogs and other companion animals are killed in Australia each year because there aren't enough homes for them. You can save a life by rescuing a needy animal from your local animal shelter rather than buying one from a pet store. 5. Have your companion animal de-sexed. The pet overpopulation crisis is largely caused by people who have neglected to de-sex their animals. This important procedure will save many lives (and deaths). 6. Did you know that the fur industry relies upon people being unaware of how animals are reared and killed, and on people unknowingly buying real fur from cats, dogs, rabbits, foxes and other animals? Animals that are skinned for their pelts are often gassed, electrocuted, beaten, poisoned or have their necks broken. Some are even skinned alive. So always buy faux (artificial fur) or go fur free for the animals sake!

This is why your help is needed! Most people are appalled by animal cruelty and if informed can be encouraged to make cruelty free choices. Even if you affect just one person, you really are making a big difference!

23 Melbourne's founding father, John Batman, was born in Parramatta, New South Wales, on January 21, 1801. His parents, William and Mary Batman arrived in Sydney aboard the convict ship Ganges on June 2, 1797. William had been transported for receiving stolen goods. His wife, Mary, paid her fare and brought with her their children Maria and Robert. John was the first child in the family born in the new colony. When John was 15, he was apprenticed to local blacksmith James Flavell—who was sentenced to death by hanging for stealing clothes from a neighbours house. Fierce punishments for petty crimes were not uncommon in colonial Australia, but what was significant about this event was that John Batman was one of the witnesses who sent Flavell, his employer, to his death. John left New South Wales sailing for Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) on November 29, 1821. There he received a grant of land, which through additional purchases, he progressively expanded. In early 1826, Batman captured notorious bushranger Matthew Brady. He went out unarmed on his own in search of Brady and found him quite accidently limping along in the bush. He induced Brady to surrender and return with him. Brady was ill and in much pain, so did as Batman asked. He was duly sentenced to death. Shortly afterward, Batman met runaway convict Eliza Thompson. In London the police had caught her trying to pass a counterfeit banknote, and the magistrate had sentenced her to 14 years transportation to Van Diemen's Land. Batman applied for Eliza's pardon and in March 1828 they were married. During the late 1820’s a ‘civil war’ raged between the encroaching white settlers and the traditional aboriginal owners of the land. During this time Batman, as bounty hunter participated in the killing and capture of Tasmanian aboriginals, employing mainland aborigines from New South Wales as search parties. Conflicting stories describe him feeling sorry for the blacks, while others describe him as a murderer. For example, he led an attack on an Aboriginal family group together numbering 60-70 men, women and children. The hunting group waited until 11pm at night before attacking them. When Batman ordered his men to fire their guns most of the Aboriginals managed to ran away into the thick scrub, but an estimated 15 people were still killed. By the early 1830’s farming land was becoming in short supply in Van Diemen’s

24 Land. As a free colonist, Batman saw an opportunity to expand sheep and cattle farming across Bass Straight, into the Port Phillip District. As early as 1827 he had applied for land from the government in New South Wales but his request was rejected. Batman did not give up. On May 10, 1835 Batman sailed in the Rebecca from Launceston. After entering Port Phillip Bay and landing first at Indented Head, and then the Yarra Yarra river, Batman approached local Indigenous leaders with contracts to buy their land. His payment consisted of blankets, knives, axes, flour, mirrors, and handkerchiefs in exchange for their land. There was much confusion caused by language differences. It is now believed the Wurundjeri people may have thought Batman was offering gifts for safe passage, a transaction known as “Tandarrum.” The European idea of land ownership and legal contracts was completely foreign to the indigenous people of the Port Phillip District. For them land was not about possession, but belonging. Territo- ries may belong to different groups, but land could not be brought or sold. (Eventually the authorities declared that Batman's contracts were invalid.) When Batman sailed back to Launceston to make arrangements to transfer his entire estate over to the mainland, he was in his own estimation one of the richest landowners in the world, having in his possession the entire Bellarine Peninsula, as well as all the land between what is now Geelong and Melbourne. But his life soon started to unravel. By the time Batman returned, a rival party organised by John Fawkner,* a Launceston publican, was set up on the other bank of the Yarra Yarra and an uneasy standoff developed. Fawkner was to remain Batman's nemesis, and in the end Fawkner had much more influence on the development of Melbourne than Batman did. Although a married man, Batman was a known drinker and womaniser. He had been diagnosed with syphilis as early as 1833 and the disease progressively disfigured his face, eating away part of his nose. By 1838 he was in obvious pain and unable to walk. Battling mounting debt, his wife Eliza, who had borne him seven daughters and one son, left him for another man.# Batman died a sad, lonely, painful death on May 6, 1839 aged 38 years old. He was buried in the old Melbourne cemetery but was exhumed and re-buried in the Fawkner cemetery (he would've hated that). A stone obelisk was constructed in 1922 which was later moved to Batman Avenue before being returned to the Queen Victoria Market site in 1992. Hero or Villain? Whatever your conclusion, John Batman played a notable role in early Australian history.

*Read John Pascoe Fawkner’s story in the May 2012 edition of the Jillong Pocket. #In 1852 Eliza, now a woman of seedy character named Sarah Willoughby, was murdered in Geelong. 25 Marilyn Monroe was born on June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles as Norma Jean Mortenson (soon after changed to Baker), the third child born to Gladys Pearl Baker. Monroe’s birth certificate names the father as Martin Edward Mortenson, although Marilyn disputed Mortenson’s claim to being her real father her whole life. Gladys was mentally unstable and financially unable to care for the young Norma Jean. Finally, in 1933 she was forcibly removed, “screaming and laughing” to the State Hospital in Norwalk. At seven years of age Norma Jean was declared a ward of the state, and Gladys’ best friend, Grace McKee, became her guardian. Grace was captivated by Jean Harlow, and would let Norma Jean wear makeup and take her out to get her hair curled. They would go to the movies together, forming the basis for Norma Jean’s fascination with the cinema and the stars on the screen. When she was 9, McKee married Ervin “Doc” Goddard in 1935, and subsequently sent Monroe to the Los Angeles Orphans Home, followed by a succession of foster homes. In 1937, Monroe moved back into Grace and Doc Goddard’s house. Due to Doc’s frequent attempts to sexually assault Norma Jean, this arrangement did not last long. Over the next 5 years she lived with a succession of relatives, creating a very unstable childhood. In 1942, while attending Van Nuys High School, she met a neighbour’s son, James (Jim) Dougherty and began a relationship with him. When Grace and Doc Goddard decided to move to Virginia, Grace approached Dougherty’s mother and suggested that Jim marry her so that she would not have to return to an orphanage or foster care, as she was two years below the California legal age. Jim was initially reluctant, but he finally relented and they married. In 1943, during World War II, Dougherty enlisted in the Merchant Marines. Frightened that he might not come back alive, Monroe begged him to try and get her pregnant before he left. Dougherty disagreed, feeling that she was too young to have a baby, but promised that they would revisit the subject when he returned home. Subsequently Monroe moved in with Dougherty’s mother. While Dougherty served in the Merchant Marines, Monroe began working in the Radio Plane Munitions Factory, mainly spraying airplane parts with fire retardant and inspecting parachutes. During that time, Army photographer David Conover

26 noticed her and snapped a photograph of her for a Yank magazine article. He encouraged her to apply to The Blue Book Modeling Agency. There she was told that they were looking for models with lighter hair, so Norma Jean bleached her brunette hair to a golden blonde. Monroe became one of Blue Book’s most successful models, appearing on dozens of magazine covers. Her successful modeling career brought her to the attention of Ben Lyon, a 20th Century Fox executive, who arranged a screen test for her. She was offered a standard six-month contract with a starting salary of $125 per week. Lyon felt the name “Marilyn Monroe” was sexy, had a “nice flow,” and would be “lucky” due to the double “M” and thus Norma Jean Baker took her new name. Monroe’s private life was a disaster. She had three marriages, all of which ended in divorce. The first was to James Dougherty, the second to Joe DiMaggio, and lastly to Arthur Miller. She is alleged to have had affairs with Robert Slatzer and both John and Robert Kennedy. Marlon Brando, in his autobiography Songs My Mother Taught Me, claimed that he also had a relationship with her. She suffered two miscarriages and an ectopic pregnancy during her three marriages. Despite this, her public life went from strength to strength. She appeared in 29 films all together. On September 14, 1954, Monroe filmed the famed skirt- blowing scene for The Seven Year Itch in front of New York’s Trans-Lux Theater. While the scene caused a world- wide sensation, it also initiated a domestic squabble with her then husband, Joe DiMaggio. She filed for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty shortly after. In February 1961, Monroe was admitted to the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic. While DiMaggio secured her release, it was now becoming evident that Marilyn was struggling with prescription drugs and mental health issues. On August 5, 1962, LAPD police received a call from Monroe’s psychiatrist, proclaiming that Monroe was found dead at her home in Los Angeles, California. She was 36 years old. At the subsequent autopsy, 8mg of Chloral hydrate and 4.5mg of Nembutal were found in her system. While there have been many conspiracy theories relating to Marilyn’s death, the officially recorded cause was “acute barbiturate poisoning,” resulting from a “probable suicide.” Three days later, Monroe was interred in a crypt in Los Angeles. Her casket was solid bronze and was lined with champagne coloured silk. For the next 20 years, red roses were placed in a vase attached to the crypt, courtesy of Joe DiMaggio.

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Ingredients 500g skinless chicken breast fillets- cut into 12 pieces freshly ground black pepper 1 tablespoon canola oil 1 medium (170g) red onion, halved, sliced 1 large (350g) green capsicum, sliced 2 (300g) celery stalks, cut into 1cm dice 2 medium (240g) carrots, sliced Serving size: Serves 4 2 large cloves garlic, chopped finely Cuisine type: Italian, Modern Australian ¼ cup (60ml) dry white wine Cooking time: Less than 60 minutes 400g can peeled tomatoes, chopped Course: Lunch, Main 1 cup button mushrooms, sliced Favourite flavours: Chicken 1½ tablespoons fresh lemon juice ¼ teaspoon chilli flakes 2 cups (350g) instant polenta 2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley

Cacciatore means “hunter” in Method Italian. In cuisine, alla cacciatora Season chicken with pepper. Heat oil in a refers to a meal prepared “hunter non-stick frying pan over moderately high heat. -style” with tomatoes, onions, Add chicken, cook until browned on both sides. herbs, often bell pepper, and Remove from the pan. sometimes wine. Add onion, capsicum, celery and carrots to the pan; cook over low heat until vegetables are soft, about 10 minutes, stirring frequently. Stir in garlic and cook until fragrant. Add wine, scraping the base of the pan. Add tomatoes, mushrooms, lemon juice and chilli flakes; bring to a simmer. Return chicken to the pan, cover with crumpled, wet baking paper and simmer over low heat until chicken is cooked through, about 10 minutes. Meanwhile, prepare polenta following packet directions, using water or stock. spoon polenta into bowls, add chicken mixture and sprinkle with parsley. Suitable to freeze and microwave. For more recipes like this: See aww.ninemsn.com.au 28 Word Search– Corio Shopping Centre S N A R A S L S E C I H T I M S K C I D T A T S E U U E O L S T C G W N M C A S R M E D S B S T N H T E R O A E S T B C A E E L W D T T P A W S A B S T E Y E C N L E A M O R U R O H O H G T C T S N C D D Y N N E E K M A R T T N T E U P D R B O A O B D H A G D L H N E I O R E I H A O N D L A A N A A E I L R H S C N G C G N I C R E I P E R U S A E L P Y D O B S S A M L K R W E S T V R P O E Y L B P S C U U T O N J M R C A N O O C E E A N P T A U U O E R A I W E S C P S E S N S S S N D M C A P T S E W O S S A T S K T P O S M T R K S M H O R I T E V O S S O D S O S I R A A L A I S O R A E E H E A L C H A C T S M T O M S E O H R V O C U A O C E N T R E L I N K U P K S B E P R P R W A S T P A Y L E S S S H O E S E D L R F E C S N A S S U S A N H K A R N C O E R I S E D E L A H V N O N I O U P H Australia Post Fantastic Variety Prouds Bendigo Bank Hi Sushi Sams Warehouse Body Pleasure Piercing Katies Spendless Shoes Cee Vees Kmart Sportsco Centrelink Le Desire Specsavers Coles Lowes Strandbags Commonwealth Bank Lustre Hair Subway Corio Lane McDonalds Sussan Cotton On Noodle Man Telstra Dick Smith Optus The Reject Shop Donut King Payless Shoes Westpac 29

SS Joseph H. Scammell No.4

Joseph H Scammell was built in a ship- yard owned by the Scammell Brothers at Eatonville, a small village in The Joseph H. Scammell stranded on a reef near Torquay Nova Scotia, Canada. The brothers named the ship after one of the family patriarchs. The ship was launched in September 1884. She would sail under a Canadian flag for her entire career. On May 7, 1891, when the vessel was on its 114th day of its voyage from New York to Melbourne, the Scammell had set a course for Port Phillip Heads when bad weather and rough seas dragged the ship towards shores where it ran a ground on a reef near Point Danger at Torquay. There were 22 people aboard the Scammell, including the wife and daughter of Mrs Chapman’s experience Captain J.A. Chapman. The ship's dangerous position of the seas has been was first noticed by local fisherman at approximately exceptionally unfortunate. 11 am. One of the fisherman, Felix Rosser, attempted Twice she shared her to row out to the ship to provide assistance but was husband’s voyages and on forced back to shore by strong seas. The following each occasion the ship was day after the seas had settled, the crew of the ship lost. were able to lower a boat and evacuate all onboard. Due to the incident, Captain J A Chapman had his master’s certificate suspended for 12 months for careless navigation and negligence. In the following days, the cargo of the ship was washed ashore and an estimated 2,000 locals began looting various merchandise which included tobacco, buggy sides, leather, clothing and kerosene. By the time customs officials and police arrived most of the $120,000 cargo had already been looted. Within a week a man from Geelong had purchased the ship and its remaining cargo for $2628 and held an auction on the beach. The ship's wheelhouse was bought and incorporated into the second floor of a house which can still be seen at the corner of Pearl Street and Anderson S treet in Torquay.

30 Geelong– 150 years ago this month “Some time ago I informed you that it was intended to try and form a company for the purpose of ascertaining whether there was gold to be had in payable quantities on Chilwell Flat.* That company may now be said to be fairly launched. So far as I can judge, there is a general disposition to take shares, not so much from any great faith in the hope that a rich gold-field will be struck, as in that, that coal or some other mineral of value may be discovered. Gold in small quantities, and even in an almost primitive state, if we can believe all we hear, has repeatedly been found; and the opinions of many persons, who ought to be qualified to judge, go far to persuade us that the existence of a payable gold-field is not by any means so problematical as others would imagine. However, I must say that these expectations are not shared in by a majority of the people, and that the desire to organise the new company may be attributed more to a speculative curiosity to see what may "turn up" than to any faith in the existence of a gold-field. The desire to promote the scheme is so commendable, however, that we ought at least to wish the new company success.” (The Argus Wednesday, August 13, 1862 p.5) (Note: Up until 2012 nothing of value has ever been discovered in this area, unless you count Geelong’s 9 VFL/AFL premierships)

*The area between Moorabool St and Pakington St, Newtown, including Kardinia Park.

About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre. Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000

31 c.1940

Courtesy: Geelong Heritage Centre Picture Library Malop Street—Looking east from the corner of Gheringhap Street From 1912 until 1956 trams plied the streets of Geelong. The top picture from 72 years ago shows the tram tracks turning into Mercer Street and eventually stretch- ing beyond Victoria Street in North Geelong. On the far right is the old Colonial Bank of Australasia, built during the boom of the Ballarat gold rush days in 1857. It is now the “2 Faces” restaurant. On the far left is the Carlton Hotel, which still exists today. Originally built in 1849 and named the Union Club, it was extensively renovated in the 1930’s and renamed the Carlton Hotel, since Carlton & United Breweries had financed the restorations. From the 1950’s to the 1970’s the hotel was among the most prestigious in Geelong, hosting guests that included among others—Queen Elizabeth II, Ava Gardner, and then Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.

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