Hawkesbury City Council Cemeteries Strategic Conservation Management Plan
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Hawkesbury City Council Cemeteries Strategic Conservation Management Plan Report prepared for Hawkesbury City Council January 2020 Sydney Office Level 6, 372 Elizabeth Street Surry Hills NSW Australia 2010 T +61 2 9319 4811 Canberra Office 2A Mugga Way Red Hill ACT Australia 2603 T +61 2 6273 7540 GML Heritage Pty Ltd ABN 60 001 179 362 www.gml.com.au GML Heritage Report Register The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Hawkesbury City Council Cemeteries—Conservation Management Plan, undertaken by GML Heritage Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date 18-0515 1 Draft Report 12 August 2019 18-0515 2 Final Report 31 January 2020 Quality Assurance GML Heritage Pty Ltd operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2016. The report has been reviewed and approved for issue in accordance with the GML quality assurance policy and procedures. Copyright Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners. Unless otherwise specified or agreed, copyright in this report vests in GML Heritage Pty Ltd (‘GML’) and in the owners of any pre-existing historic source or reference material. Moral Rights GML asserts its Moral Rights in this work, unless otherwise acknowledged, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000. GML’s moral rights include the attribution of authorship, the right not to have the work falsely attributed and the right to integrity of authorship. Right to Use GML grants to the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title) an irrevocable royalty-free right to reproduce or use the material from this report, except where such use infringes the copyright and/or Moral Rights of GML or third parties. In memory of the late Professor Ian Jack, in recognition of his vast knowledge and generous contribution to Australian historical archaeology and in particular his tireless advocacy of historical heritage in the Hawkesbury area GML Heritage Contents Page 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Objectives of Study ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Report Structure ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.3 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Study Area and Heritage Listings ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Statutory Heritage Listings ................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Non-Statutory Heritage Listings ......................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Definitions and Terminology ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Author Identification ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.0 Historical Context—Burial in the Hawkesbury ....................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 European Settlement of Hawkesbury River ............................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Early Exploration and Settlement ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Taking Shape: Formation of Towns within the Hawkesbury ........................................................... 10 2.2.3 Establishing Public Burial Grounds in Macquarie’s Hawkesbury Towns ....................................... 10 2.2.4 Early Cemeteries in the Wider Hawkesbury Region ....................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Legislative Impacts to Cemetery Formations .................................................................................. 12 2.3 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................. 23 3.0 Setting, Archaeological Potential & Cemetery ‘Types’ ........................................................................ 25 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2 Landscape Setting for the Cemetery Group ........................................................................................... 25 3.3 Cemetery Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 Richmond Presbyterian Cemetery ................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Richmond Lawn Cemetery ............................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 South Windsor Presbyterian Cemetery ........................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 McGraths Hill Methodist Cemetery .................................................................................................. 27 3.3.5 Wilberforce Cemetery ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.6 Pitt Town General Cemetery ............................................................................................................ 27 3.3.7 Sackville Reach Cemetery (St Thomas Anglican) .......................................................................... 27 3.3.8 Lower Portland Cemetery................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.9 Half Moon Farm Cemetery ............................................................................................................... 28 3.3.10 General Cemetery on the MacDonald River ................................................................................. 28 3.3.11 St Albans Old General Cemetery .................................................................................................. 28 3.3.12 St Albans New General Cemetery ................................................................................................. 29 3.4 Historical Archaeological Potential .......................................................................................................... 29 3.5 Cemetery ‘Types’ ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.5.1 Settler Cemeteries ............................................................................................................................ 31 3.5.2 Active Cemeteries with Heritage Considerations ............................................................................ 31 3.5.3 Active Cemeteries ............................................................................................................................. 31 3.6 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................. 31 Hawkesbury City Council Cemeteries—Strategic Conservation Management Plan, January 2020 GML Heritage 4.0 Assessment of Heritage Significance .................................................................................................... 32 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 32 4.2 New South Wales Heritage Assessment Guidelines ............................................................................. 32 4.3 Comparative Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 35 4.3.1 Comparative Analysis: Cemeteries within the Hawkesbury ............................................................ 36 4.3.2 Comparative Analysis Discussion .................................................................................................... 39 4.4 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................