Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn Road Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168 t. +61 3 8540 4100 f. +61 3 8540 4200 www.synchrotron.org.au

Synchrotron Light Source Australia Pty Ltd ABN 18 159 468 256 Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 © Australian Synchrotron 2014 Synchrotron © Australian The Australian Synchrotron Annual Report for 2014 provides an 2014 provides Annual Report for Synchrotron The Australian in research achievements Synchrotron’s the Australian of overview solutions. and industry applied outcomes providing excellence the broad illustrate here presented The activities and highlights scientific infrastructure. landmark Australian impact of this national here: be downloaded document and can is a public This report http://www.synchrotron.org.au/news/publications/annual-report About this this About Report Annual

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 iii | 1 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 8 Page 9 Page Page 16 Page 22 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 26 Page 26 Page 26 Page 27 Page 29 Page 29 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page Supporting Australian Health Supporting Australian Industry Linking with Australian performance Facility User community by beamline trends Research User engagement User services Machine updates Beamline developments teams Specialist Awards Overview Science Our People Governance Framework Funding Financial Statements Chair’s Report Chair’s Update Operations ANSTO Report Director’s Example Research A Synchrotron Innovation: Industrial Impact Areas Research Synchrotron About the Australian Contents About the Australian Synchrotron

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Australian Synchrotron The Australian Synchrotron is a world-class research facility that uses accelerator technology to produce a powerful source of light – x-rays and infrared radiation – a million times brighter than the sun. The facility harnesses that light so researchers can see the fundamental structure, composition and behaviour of materials, on scales ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic – with a level of detail, speed and accuracy not possible using conventional laboratory-based equipment. The Australian Synchrotron supports a broad range of high-quality research, with applications in sectors from medicine and nanotechnology to manufacturing and mineral exploration. Our highly advanced techniques and | Annual Report 2014 passionate staff contribute directly and demonstrably to scientific advances and industrial innovations with benefits for all Australians – with significant impacts in the areas of Health, Agriculture and Industry.

Vision The Australian Synchrotron’s vision is to be the catalyst for the best research and innovation in Australia and New Zealand. The focus for the facility is to provide a thriving environment that is conducive to creating, inspiring and nurturing the best outcomes, enabled by scientific excellence, for users and staff of the facility.

Mission The Australian Synchrotron’s mission is to enable science for the benefit of the community, by providing world- class synchrotron expertise and facilities.

Core values The facility is driven by the core values of passion, respect, innovation, collaboration, and excellence.

Our research capabilities The Australian Synchrotron’s sophisticated scientific techniques provide benefits for diverse scientific and industrial fields and purposes, including: Biomedicine: offering new, world-class diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic techniques and investigation of biomimetic materials (such as artificial skin and organs) as well as conducting cell imaging, and high-throughput structural biology capabilities. Defence: enabling study of the atomic structure of materials, sensors and specialty alloys. Environmental technologies and services: supporting environmental remediation work and analysing soil samples, the quality and composition of fresh and salt water, air and atmospheric samples, pollutants, toxins and contaminants. Food technology: analysing the composition of ingredients, assessing the effectiveness of food processing and determining the nutritional impact of foods. Forensics: refining or developing new forensic processes, techniques and applications. Manufacturing: investigating the structure and characterisation of alloys, catalysts, fibres, textiles, adhesives, polymers, plastics, surfaces, interfaces and coatings; and analysing stresses in engineered components. Minerals: supporting all aspects of mineral exploration and mineral processing. Natural resources: supporting the development of exploration and processing, fuel processes, and fuel cell innovations. Life Sciences and pharmaceuticals: analysing proteins, nucleic acids, bacteria and viruses that are fundamental to healthy biological function or disease; quality control monitoring, identification and assessment of the effectiveness of drug targets. Scientific instruments:developing detector technologies, measurement techniques, medical implants and delivery systems. 3 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014

Chair, Board of Directors, Synchrotron Light Source Australia (SLSA), Australia Light Source Synchrotron of Directors, Chair, Board Synchrotron Australian Operator, Dr Greg Storr Dr Greg

On behalf of the Synchrotron Light Source Australia (SLSA) Australia Light Source On behalf of the Synchrotron of the Australian staff I thank the management and Board the in establishing effort their collective for Synchrotron landmark as one of the premier Synchrotron Australian the by This is evidenced in the country. facilities science national a broad from outcomes quality of the scientific and industry universities, from user base and international engagement program industry A developing agencies. research and financial management have operational and excellent off a good year. rounded Synchrotron of the Australian leadership and effective Strong as the was appointed Peele Andrew when Professor was assured have to It is great search. international a broad after Director facility in synchrotron-based and in-depth experience talent Australian-grown at the helm. science and Technology Science Nuclear subsidiary of the Australian owned SLSA is a wholly contribution the strong and acknowledges recognises The Board (ANSTO). Organisation measures integration from Synchrotron at the Australian achieved the good outcomes to and government engineering, external in management, human resources, undertaken co-operatively. working staff Synchrotron and Australian by ANSTO finance and relations, outcomes, objectives: is based upon five Synchrotron the Australian for The strategy is committed The SLSA Board and sustainability. partnerships capability, people, of the Australian with the management and stakeholders productively working to possible. level the highest to these objectives achieve to Synchrotron the Victorian from with representatives been working have directors SLSA Board Holding Company Synchrotron the Australian governments, and Commonwealth of the the future for solution find a sustainable to (ASHCo) and its shareholders, Synchrotron. Australian Chair’s Report Chair’s in which we have faced some early signs that the Australian signs that the Australian some early faced have in which we and infrastructure ageing core is not immune from Synchrotron Larkins, Chair Richard thank Prof. to like would I facilities. digital the Board for the good governance and excellent result in a year in a year result and excellent the good governance for the Board and Mr Holding Company Board Synchrotron of the Australian Board chaired by Dr Greg Storr. I would like to thank Greg and Greg thank to like I would Storr. by Dr Greg chaired Board of these risks to in the context quickly who both acted Borg George Light Source Australia subsidiary, under the governance of a under the governance subsidiary, Australia Light Source secure the required funds for the necessary interventions. This was This was interventions. the necessary for funds the required secure first half of 2013 when ANSTO took on operations of the Synchrotron Synchrotron of the took on operations half of 2013 when ANSTO first partnership in action and demonstrated the wisdom of the careful of the careful the wisdom in action and demonstrated partnership Synchrotron. This success builds on an earlier productive period in the on an earlier productive builds This success Synchrotron. work to define roles and responsibilities for the asset risks that must risks that must for the asset responsibilities and roles define to work The 2014 financial year has been a successful one for the Australian for the Australian one year has been a successful The 2014 financial be jointly mitigated. be jointly During the year I consulted extensively with stakeholders on the process for for on the process with stakeholders extensively I consulted During the year the appointment of the Director. There was a competitive local and international and international local was a competitive There the appointment of the Director. field of candidates. On completion of the process I was happy to announce that Prof. that Prof. to announce I was happy of the process completion On candidates. field of Andrew Peele had been appointed as the new Director. He has the confidence of the synchrotron of the synchrotron He has the confidence Director. the new as had been appointed Peele Andrew community and I have been encouraged by his vision and leadership. He is a worthy Director and is Director He is a worthy by his vision and leadership. been encouraged and I have community doing a very good job. doing a very While the uncertainty of future operational and capital funding remains, there is a very carefully thought- carefully is a very there funding remains, and capital operational of future the uncertainty While through process in train, with the ultimate goal being the securing of predictable operational financing financing operational goal being the securing of predictable ultimate with the in train, process through well before the current complex financial arrangement and structure concludes in June 2016. It would would June 2016. It concludes in structure and financial arrangement complex the current before well be invidious to single out all of the stakeholders who have approached this matter in a spirit of goodwill and with a this matter approached who have out all of the stakeholders single be invidious to funding future of the final outcome, the details regime. Whatever financing elegant more on a simpler focus clear Zealand, The New synchrotrons. global at the best that operate with the principles be consistent must and access this goal. achieve need our support to this task with charged teams Government and Victorian Commonwealth of the Australian and users staff the committed will liberate good governance and continued strategy An elegant and high The practical and industry. academia for and innovation of research the work continue to Synchrotron community. stakeholder and informed a strong from high praise receive regularly date to achieved outcomes potential and and the User groups advice excellent who supply the Scientific Advisory Committee, to My thanks extends programs. and industry of the merit access the quality, utility and safety ensure to who work beamline committees represent They Synchrotron. of the Australian staff of the the achievements thank and celebrate to like I would Finally, remains respect. ANSTO and my full confidence have and they delivery and service of excellence values the highest Synchrotron. of the Australian operations sustainable possible, extent the greatest and, to the effective to committed Dr Adi Paterson Dr Adi Paterson ANSTO Officer, Chief Executive

4 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014 5 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014

Prof Andrew Peele Andrew Prof Director

The Australian Synchrotron, operated by the Australian Nuclear Nuclear Australian by the operated Synchrotron, The Australian achieve to continues (ANSTO), Organisation and Technology Science community the benefit of the for in enabling science excellence expertise synchrotron of world-class the provision through and facilities. June 2014 30 to year in the results research reported Widely and coeliac of diabetes in the understanding include advances malaria, early-stage for test and inexpensive disease, a rapid devices new methods, innovative gold prospecting improved Council, by the Cancer cited and research, and technologies, deal with zinc oxide defences natural the body’s how showing and researchers staff to Awards in sunscreen. nanoparticles Scientific Prize for included the 2013 Eureka using the facility from Jamie Rossjohn Kjer-Nielsen and Prof (Dr Lars Research of The University from James McCluskey and Prof Monash University and Eliza Hall the Walter and fellowships, Victorian Melbourne), three whose work Czabotar by Dr Peter Burnet Prize, which was shared Institute’s Dr Mark Boland (see page 6). The Synchrotron’s story is outlined in our feature Synchrotron and the Australian Scholarship Professional a Fulbright was awarded could Dubsky, whose work Dr Stephen to Wilkins Thesis Medal 2013 went Stephen lung cancer. and of asthma treatment diagnosis and revolutionise the Australian year In the last and output. throughput by increasing is matched of excellence This degree Zealand and New state, Australian every from visits than 4000 researcher more hosted Synchrotron 443 refereed contributed and staff Users 800 experiments. over to corresponding nine other countries worldwide the to structures than 250 protein journals and added more research in leading publications Bank. Data Protein into research translating successfully for important are effort and sustained excellence Diversity, a period over contributors many different that may involve – a journey benefits and societal economic adept at supporting industry. be particularly to is proving Synchrotron The Australian of some years. such as Hospira partners industry with large work support scientists industry of dedicated Our team a NSW has grown The team such as Aqua Diagnostic. medium enterprises and small to Australia, accessing, directly is now NSW industry the point where scheme to access industry Government-funded expertise. staff capabilities and technical the Synchrotron’s and benefiting, from when example, For performance. and operational people underpinned by exceptional are These results efforts malfunctioned in 2013, it was the combined system of the linear accelerator component a key went the diagnosis and changeover that ensured and ANSTO of the organisation all areas from of staff is excellence operational to of beamtime. Our commitment without loss and, remarkably, smoothly management, ISO9001 quality assurance under the ISO14001 environmental underlined by certification and their our people it is systems, important these are While management standards. and AS4801 safety a Synchrotron the Australian that make researchers for outcomes achieving to and commitment passion community. by the research supported that is strongly special place funding partners, by our five the facility to in the funding commitment That support is manifested in a manner that upholds those partners of beamtime to allocation by pro-rata which is characterised been a hallmark of the that has always excellence, merit and experimental of proposal the principles Synchrotron. Australian translational to and linking research excellence to ongoing commitment Synchrotron’s The Australian has seen the development funding. This year future claims for part of our strong is an essential outcomes year. during the coming that will continue in the facility all stakeholders between dialogue of productive stable under a by, ANSTO continued operation to, and final transfer Synchrotron’s With the Australian most its claim as one of Australia’s will consolidate the Synchrotron I believe funding environment, its grow to – and will be in a good position infrastructure research of national landmark piece significant its true potential. and realise beamline offerings and other stakeholders. users our research and to Synchrotron the Australian at all staff to Thank you this for future build a secure to and continues successes year’s last ongoing support enabled Your facility. and remarkable essential Director’s Report Director’s Industrial Innovation: A Synchrotron Research Example 6 The Australian Synchrotron is growing Australia’s capacity for innovative drug Australian Synchrotron development, facilitating the advance of world-class disease and drug research through to local drug trials. Access to the Synchrotron’s advanced capabilities underpins the world-renowned Australian biomedical research community’s ability to attract major international pharmaceutical collaborations and significant investment. | Annual Report 2014 The Australian Synchrotron has played a crucial role Head of Business Development at WEHI, Julian Clark in the discovery of a new cancer drug, now in advanced added: “the Synchrotron was instrumental in enabling clinical trials in Melbourne, for treatment of chronic researchers to achieve world-class synchrotron lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). technical skills and attract major industry partners, contributing to Australia’s growing ability to host clinical Each year in Australia, around 350 people die from trials for important new drugs”. CLL and 1300 new cases are diagnosed, making this the nation’s most common leukaemia. Eighty per cent Ease of access to synchrotron techniques was an of CLL patients are aged 60 or older. important factor behind the recent construction of new WEHI facilities worth $150 million, funded The research was performed at the Walter and by philanthropic sources and the federal and state Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI) in partnership with two governments. One floor of the new space is occupied by major international pharmaceutical companies. WEHI’s high-powered structural biology team. Over the WEHI structural biologist Dr Peter Czabotar said the last five years, the structural biology team has achieved Synchrotron was “key to discovering the drug”. over 50 publications, 10 patents and more than $20 “The highly detailed 3D images of protein structures that million in research funding from industry just for the the Synchrotron provides were crucial,” Peter said. “We programmed cell death work, which is one of four needed this level of detail to develop a drug that targets major projects. one single protein – and not the other four very similar “This drug is potentially a major advance for patients proteins in the same family – critical for minimising with CLL that doesn’t respond adequately to currently potential side-effects.” available treatments,” according to Prof. Andrew The drug discovery and development work has taken five Roberts, WEHI Head of Translational Research. “Early- to 10 years to reach the trial stage. It was underpinned stage clinical trials suggest that the drug may lead to by more than 20 years of basic biology research, complete remission in one-quarter of patients with dating back to WEHI’s discovery that the BCL-2 family advanced CLL that isn’t responding to other therapies. of proteins protects cells against apoptosis – the The clinical trials now underway will take at least ‘programmed cell death’ process that the body uses to three years.” remove old or dangerous cells. If the advanced clinical trials are successful, the CLL “It’s taken a long time to fully understand the function of drug will be developed for market, benefiting sufferers BCL-2 proteins and turn this basic knowledge into drugs globally. The CLL work may also assist development of that can stop cancer cells from progressing into cancer.” treatments for breast cancer and other diseases where Peter said. cell death is not occurring at the appropriate rate. “If we started a similar project now, our access to the Synchrotron would rapidly accelerate the identification of suitable drug targets and the development of potential drug candidates for clinical trials. Australian Synchrotron staff keep their beamlines in top shape, and their scientific skills help us solve protein structures and develop compounds to stop target proteins in their tracks.”

Opposite: Dr Tom Caradoc-Davies (left), is the Principal Scientist of the Macromolecular- and micro crystallography beamlines responsible for a large proportion of the structural biology work conducted at the Australian Synchrotron. On the right is Dr Peter Czabotar, from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, who is using MX2 as part of an international collaboration to tackle chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 7 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014

Above: Structure of a BCL-2 family protein bound to a natural BH3 ligand. Information gained from structures such as this solved at the Synchrotron were key to informing the development of drugs that can mimic these interactions. IMBL – imaging and medical microspectroscopy IRM – infrared crystallography and micro MX1 and MX2 – macromolecular- diffraction PD – powder scattering x-ray – small- and wide-angle SAXS/WAXS spectroscopy SXR – soft x-ray – terahertz/far-infrared THz/Far-IR absorption spectroscopy XAS – x-ray microspectroscopy fluorescence XFM – x-ray

PD MX IRM SXR XAS XFM IMBL THz/ WAXS SAXS/ FAR-IR Beamlines: Medical & Life Sciences Sciences & Life Medical food and agriculture. and viruses, and disease, fighting bacteria Understanding Science & Engineering Materials Advanced devices, and electronic batteries dioxide, and carbon energy Alternative applications. with industrial materials new Sciences Convergent including environment, problems complex solving to approach An interdisciplinary and mineralogy. exploration mineral processes, geological energy, INDUSTRY COMMUNICATIONS HEALTH ARTS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION AGRICULTURE MATERIALS CONVERGENCE LIFE Portfolios: Research areas: Research Supporting Australian Health and Linking with Australian Industry Health and Linking with Australian Supporting Australian to to apply information new collecting knowledge, of our current at the frontier conducted is Scientific discovery – each this frontier edge of at the leading is positioned Synchrotron The Australian human endeavours. various included have we studies case the following and impact. Throughout discovery pathways to unlocks investigation portfolios relevant and the contributed, have to which they of scientific understanding of the areas an indication used, technique of the synchrotron an indication also provided have We outcomes. by the practical impacted work. of the the findings by naming the beamline that supported Areas of impact Areas researchers Changes in how detail. in astonishing all matter almost study to able are techniques Synchrotron become researchers and new developed, are as capabilities each year, vary mean outcomes the techniques apply of applications. aware increasingly impact: of areas two summarised across be broadly can applications synchrotron Most Research Impact Areas Impact Research which is and innovation, in research the best catalysing in of its role is proud community Synchrotron The Australian Zealanders. and New of Australians and wealth the ongoing health for essential in discovery, gain an edge to countries advanced for tool an indispensible become have facilities Synchrotron have beyond, Zealand, and New in Australia, It is not surprising that researchers and entrepreneurship. innovation Synchrotron by the Australian provided techniques and other characterisation imaging advanced the highly embraced breakthroughs. research for in the race levels at world-class compete them to – allowing the demonstrates year, which published this than 440 scientific papers of the more is a small selection Following Synchrotron. the Australian through enabled problem-solving and industrial and impact of scientific discovery breadth

8 Australian Synchrotron | Annual Report 2014 Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing 9

The Australian Synchrotron is extremely proud of our role in supporting world-class research in the health sector by Australian Synchrotron providing researchers with the ability to ‘see the invisible’, accelerating breakthroughs in medical treatment, diagnosis and research. The Synchrotron’s powerful light provides advanced data and imagery in unprecedented detail of the structure, composition and behaviour of proteins, viruses, disease and human tissue at the macro and nanoscale. Such powerful knowledge bolsters Australia’s strength in many areas of health, with outcomes such as: 1. Breakthroughs for high-quality Australian health research | 2. Savings for the Health portfolio Annual Report 2014 3. Investigating diseases associated with Australia’s ageing population 4. Enabling the growth of local pharmaceutical development 5. Supporting Australia’s international standing in health The Australian Synchrotron has continued to play a significant role in research that impacts wellbeing: the quality of life in our community. Research into societal wellbeing goes beyond physical health to include fields that contribute to society more broadly. At the Synchrotron, the same cutting-edge technology that is used to understand the structure and function of natural materials, can also be used to understand a broad range of man-made materials used throughout our history and their impact on our lives. For example, understanding our cultural heritage by revealing the origin and construction of an historical artefact, significant painting or rock art: using which materials; by whom; and over what period of time.

Frank Gagliardi is a Medical Physicist from the William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre at the Alfred Hospital and cancer researcher at RMIT University. Here on the Australian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL), he places a sample of radiosensitive human-tissue-equivalent plastic on the sample table. Frank is working with the IMBL team to understand the 3D dose distribution of x-ray microbeams, which will help develop new ways of treating cancer using synchrotron radiation. Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing

MAITs – switching on our immune sentries Scientists have identified the biochemical signal that wakes up a group of immune cells and sends them into 10 action against invading bacteria and fungi. An Australian-led international research team – involving the universities of Melbourne, Monash, Queensland Australian Synchrotron and Cork – announced their discovery in the journal Nature on 3 April 2014. Their findings will help researchers develop new ways of diagnosing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, peptic ulcers, periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease, and may also assist the development of novel protective vaccines. The work focuses on a group of immune cells called ‘mucosal-associated invariant T-cells’ (MAITs) found in our guts, lungs and mouths. MAITs make up about one in 10 of the body’s T-cells and half of all T-cells in the liver. | Annual Report 2014 The latest discovery narrows the biochemical trigger down to a small group of compounds produced by specific bacteria and fungi, which may be associated with several diseases. MAITs detect when bacteria are making vitamin B2 (riboflavin) but don’t detect vitamin B2 in our diet. This clever distinction provides valuable clues for new drug development strategies. http://bit.ly/MAITSNature

HEALTH INDUSTRY LIFE

MX Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing

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‘For the Australian pharmaceutical and biotech industry broadly, the Synchrotron provides access to X-ray insights sharpen Hospira’s advanced technologies providing a competitive edge in drug discovery competitive edge and production. For Hospira the benefits When a popular medicine goes ‘off-patent’ it allows other companies of having a Synchrotron locally, means to legally make the product more competitively. improvements in process, a quick understanding of specific product issues, What is less well known is the amount of scientific research that must complements to our existing company be done to produce a generic version of the drug. expertise, and a competitive edge.’ While a generic drug is more affordable than the ‘name’ brand it must also Andrew Hodder, be just as effective – and manufactured to the highest safety standards. Vice President Operations. Hospira Australia Pty Ltd. Hospira Australia Pty Ltd employs more than 650 people in Mulgrave, Victoria – a highly skilled workforce manufacturing high-quality generic injectable oncology medicines. They export more than $280 million worth of product from this site annually. Hospira’s access to the world-class instrumentation and expertise at the Australian Synchrotron is enhancing their ongoing industrial research – research that keeps them competitive on the world stage. http://bit.ly/Hospira_edge LIFE INDUSTRY HEALTH

Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing and Health Australian Supporting because they are invisible to the eye, unlike larger white zinc oxide zinc oxide white larger unlike eye, the to invisible are they because the Australian from Researchers on the skin. that remain particles CSIRO, RMIT Nanofabrication, for Melbourne Centre Synchrotron, University and Monash University used synchrotron x-ray fluorescence fluorescence x-ray used synchrotron and Monash University University to beach-goers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are popular in sunscreen sunscreen popular in are nanoparticles oxide Zinc beach-goers. to zinc what happens to investigate to capabilities and specialised MCN oxide nanoparticles when they interact with cells that are key components components key are that with cells interact they when nanoparticles oxide that zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen are unlikely to cause harm harm cause to unlikely are sunscreen in nanoparticles that zinc oxide Ground-breaking x-ray techniques have provided further evidence further evidence provided have techniques x-ray Ground-breaking of our immune system. Their findings show that human macrophages human macrophages that findings show Their of our immune system. Nanoparticle study allays zinc oxide concerns zinc oxide allays study Nanoparticle would ingest and break down any zinc oxide nanoparticles that might enter that might enter nanoparticles any zinc oxide down and break ingest would then binds to T-cells, causing them to inflame the lining of the small them to causing T-cells, then binds to with United working are researchers and Dutch Australian intestine. the body. http://bit.ly/SimonSaysZnOnanoSafe the body. combines with a special protein inherited by most coeliac sufferers and sufferers coeliac by most inherited protein with a special combines a therapeutic develop ImmusanT to company biotechnology States They obtained a detailed picture of how a component of gluten (gliadin) of gluten a component of how picture a detailed obtained They vaccine and a blood test to help 95 percent of coeliac sufferers. sufferers. of coeliac help 95 percent to test and a blood vaccine synchrotron x-ray diffraction to discover the ‘trigger’ for coeliac disease. coeliac the ‘trigger’ for discover to diffraction x-ray synchrotron http://bit.ly/CoeliacFinding gluten, creating major discomfort. An international research team used team research An international discomfort. major creating gluten, containing wheat, rye, barley or oats, their immune system reacts against against reacts or oats, their immune system barley wheat, rye, containing Coeliac disease affects one in 70 Australians. When coeliac sufferers eat foods eat foods sufferers When coeliac 70 Australians. one in Coeliac disease affects Help is on the way for coeliac sufferers coeliac Help is on the way for ) to fight off fungal and bacterial infections has infections fight off fungal and bacterial ) to Nicotiana alata La Trobe University. Called NaD1, these peptide molecules work together together work NaD1, these peptide molecules Called University. La Trobe fungal a of membrane the open rips that structure pincer-like a form to used researchers University killing it. La Trobe cell, or a cancer cell of complex a of structure the determine to diffraction x-ray synchrotron membranes in the cell found lipid molecules NaD1 peptides binding to of fungi and mammals. http://bit.ly/cancerfightingtobacco the potential to treat cancer in humans, according to a new discovery by discovery a new to in humans, according cancer treat to the potential A fast, accurate and inexpensive test that uses infrared light to detect detect light to that uses infrared test and inexpensive accurate A fast, reduce dramatically could of its development, stage early malaria at a very at 1.2 million a the disease, estimated who die from the number of people of Melbourne and The University Monash University from Researchers year. early the parasite’s detect to microspectroscopy infrared used synchrotron before in the blood the number of parasites and determine stages life-cycle part in was an integral This study hide in body tissues. and can it matures locations at remote results provide which can test their portable developing of of malaria at a much earlier stage indication giving a clear within minutes, by other tests. available than currently infection http://bit.ly/ASMalariaTest2013 Rapid new test may dramatically reduce reduce may dramatically test Rapid new malaria deaths A small peptide molecule that is found in the flowers of ornamental tobacco tobacco of ornamental flowers in the is found that molecule A small peptide plants ( Tobacco plant could help treat cancer help treat plant could Tobacco

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

12 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 13 | radiation therapy, but the reasons are not currently well understood. understood. well not currently are but the reasons therapy, radiation the Synchrotron’s used researchers and international Australian doses that give identify MRT beamline (IMBL) to imaging and medical potential to deliver better outcomes than conventional broadbeam broadbeam than conventional outcomes better deliver to potential will be used Their results treatments. broadbeam to similar outcomes to select safe but effective MRT doses for future veterinary and clinical and clinical veterinary future MRT doses for but effective safe select to – and is then treated differently by the body’s immune system – could – could system immune by the body’s differently – and is then treated human hair) separated by hundreds of micrometres. MRT has the of micrometres. by hundreds human hair) separated called GAD65 changes shape depending on whether it is active or not changes shape depending on whether it is active GAD65 called and treat potentially to vaccines of better speed up the development team research international The Australian-led type 1 diabetes. prevent with a split personality and type 1 diabetes. The discovery that a protein that a protein The discovery and type 1 diabetes. with a split personality used the Australian Synchrotron to produce highly detailed pictures of pictures detailed highly produce to Synchrotron Australian the used trials. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100547 trials. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100547 microbeams tens of micrometres wide (a fraction of the width of a wide (a fraction micrometres of tens microbeams Researchers are a step closer to establishing the link between a protein a protein the link between establishing to closer a step are Researchers the protein in its active and inactive states. and inactive in its active the protein form of radiotherapy that uses an array of synchrotron-generated x-ray x-ray of synchrotron-generated that uses an array of radiotherapy form to diabetes to http://bit.ly/JekyllHydeprotein_diabetes Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an experimental experimental an is (MRT) therapy radiation microbeam Synchrotron ‘Jekyll and hyde’ protein may hold key may hold key and hyde’ protein ‘Jekyll Towards better radiation therapy methods therapy radiation better Towards IMBL , a bacterium that kills more than more kills that bacterium , a Streptococcus pneumoniae Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing and Health Australian Supporting one million people a year by causing diseases such as pneumonia such as pneumonia diseases by causing a year people one million that protein a bacterial that zinc binds to found They and meningitis. and into membranes cell manganese across essential transports – transporter the blocks it that tightly so binds zinc The cells. bacterial this bodies don’t have of manganese. Human the bacteria and starves new for target be a valuable so it could protein, particular transporter drugs. anti-bacterial http://bit.ly/ZincBacteriaKill2014 How nature’s anti-microbial works works anti-microbial nature’s How University work? does it actually how but anti-microbial, Zinc is nature’s zinc how out find to Synchrotron the used researchers Adelaide of affects University of Queensland researchers used the Australian Synchrotron to to Synchrotron Australian used the of Queensland researchers University proteins other in trafficking involved proteins about key information new reveal to lead can process this with Problems cell. of the parts different between the between proteins key of movement Controlled diseases such as cancers. These proteins is essential. cytoplasm) (the of the cell and the rest nucleus proteins, factor’ by ‘transport recognised that are signals’ ‘targeting carry at looking were The researchers membranes. cell them across which then carry why certain insight into providing signals, with unusual targeting some proteins might develop. cancers http://bit.ly/UQ_cellproteins_2013 Understanding how protein transport transport protein how Understanding disease to lead can Nanoparticle study allays zinc oxide concerns zinc oxide allays study Nanoparticle Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing

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Drawings from first fleet era reveal their provenance Some of Australia’s earliest scientific drawings are giving up their secrets under the watchful eyes of Australian Synchrotron scientists and State Library of New South Wales (SLNSW) conservators. The exquisite bird and flower drawings are too delicate to be touched, so the Synchrotron is the only way to examine their very fine detail. Synchrotron data is being used to verify their provenance, help identify the artists, add to the unfolding story of how the First Fleet colonists made artwork, provide the basis for a pigment composition database, and validate other laboratory-based methods for assessing other works in the SLNSW collection. http://bit.ly/FirstFleetBirds

ARTS EDUCATION CONVERGENCE Supporting Australian Health and Wellbeing

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Better knowledge and preservation of rock art The Synchrotron is helping to improve knowledge of the cultural context of rock art production by enabling researchers to closely examine individual layers of mineral pigments from rock art sites using just a few milligrams of material. The results are increasing our knowledge of the provenance of rock art pigments, the relationship of Aboriginal people to their land through time, the impact on rock art of local manifestations of climate change, and how environmental degradation processes might affect long-term conservation and management of rock art. An example of work in this area: http://bit.ly/RockArtKimberleyPD CONVERGENCE EDUCATION ARTS

Learning how to preserve appearances Paintings conservators from Australia and the United States studied the composition and degradation of a particular brand of enamel house-paint (Ripolin) from the studio of the well-known Australian artist Sidney Nolan pictured below. They used synchrotron infrared spectroscopy to investigate deterioration of zinc oxide pigments combined with oil in sealed and still-liquid paint. Zinc oxide deterioration can cause lumps and cracks in 20th century oil paintings. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 2013, Vol. 52 No. 4, 213–226

CONVERGENCE EDUCATION ARTS The Australian Synchrotron is proud of our role in supporting the nation’s industrial sector – from small to medium- small to – from sector industrial the nation’s in supporting of our role is proud Synchrotron The Australian sector. to the agricultural contributions significant entities – and providing global large to (SMEs) sized enterprises and global productivity increase costs; reduce to: industry enable that breakthroughs is accelerating The Synchrotron and develop impacts; environmental mitigate workforces; highly-skilled maintain investment; attract competitiveness; and markets. materials processes, products, new done by research high-quality, targeted is Synchrotron done at the Australian work agricultural instance, For third-party through conducted is usually research This and connections. experience with agribusiness scientists a well- departments that provide agriculture CSIRO and state-based universities, such as Australian providers results include adoption. Examples to on-farm findings research from transfer pipeline of knowledge established and wine. as milk, meat, grain such consumable plants, and improving in resistance in soil acidity, disease 2013, In October year-on-year. is growing capabilities research synchrotron-based for industry Demand from and efficacy the efficiency to bolster below) team (pictured scientific support an industry established the facility SMEs. for access facilitate engagement links and activities, and to industry of our direct drugs and infusion technologies; of injectable provider leading – the world’s include: Hospira Clients this year Alumina. Worsley and BHP Billiton market; the global into venture Pty Ltd – an SME about to and Aqua Diagnostic including: areas broad across to industry outcomes significant contributes Synchrotron The Australian remediation site and mining processing exploration, 1. Mineral in SMEs 2. Innovation devices and medical 3. Pharmaceuticals enterprises 4. Agribusiness applications transport for and storage production energy 5. Alternative including: to agriculture outcomes significant contributes Synchrotron The Australian Australia to important sectors agricultural insights across valuable 1. Providing value chain farm-to-consumer along the 2. Adding benefits and profits products consumer and developing 3. Improving value nutrition, yield and market improved for plant varieties new 4. Validating Linking with Australian Industry Australian with Linking

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

16 | Linking with Australian Industry

17 Australian Synchrotron

Helping SMEs innovate Aqua Diagnostic Pty Ltd, a Melbourne SME producing | advanced water quality monitoring equipment and Annual Report 2014 consumables for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), used the Australian Synchrotron to enhance the quality of its proprietary nanotechnology PeCOD® sensors through increased understanding of its manufacturing process. The Synchrotron findings have assisted the company’s plans to scale up to higher volumes in response to expected global demand as it expands its share of the international COD measurement market valued at more than $100 million. http://bit.ly/AS_Case_SMEInnovation

MATERIALS ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY

SAXS/ WAXS

Helping Australia tackle global malnutrition Melbourne and Adelaide researchers are helping solve iron and other nutrition deficiencies affecting more than two billion people. Using the Australian Synchrotron, they’re able to create highly detailed quantitative images of the distribution of iron, magnesium, zinc and calcium throughout grains. Synchrotron images such as the one shown here, have confirmed that newly developed strains of rice have retained nutrients in the centre of the grain, essential to avoiding loss during the de-husking process. This has great potential for addressing global malnutrition, including in Australia. The project is funding by the Gates Foundation (HarvestPlus Challenge Program), ARC and in kind support from World Vision. Trials of the biofortified material started in June, in collaboration with the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, with a goal to distribute the rice and wheat material to farmers in developing countries. http://bit.ly/Graintotrial_June

LIFE AGRICULTURE HEALTH INDUSTRY

A false-colour image from the Synchrotron shows potassium (red), manganese (green) and iron (blue) distribution in a longitudinal section of wheat. Image produced on the XFM beamline by users Alex Johnson (University of Melbourne) and Enzo Lombi (University of South Australia). Linking with Australian Industry Australian with Linking sciences sector that also has applications in security, defence, in security, defence, that also has applications sector sciences a wireless sample tracking system for the healthcare and life and life the healthcare for system tracking sample a wireless was developed and aviation. The technology manufacturing with the assistance of the Australian Synchrotron. of the Australian with the assistance Melbourne-based, ASX-listed bluechiip® Limited has developed has developed bluechiip® Limited Melbourne-based, ASX-listed for healthcare sector healthcare for http://bit.ly/bluechiipMR World’s first wireless tracking system system tracking wireless first World’s the use of an x-ray based technique called ‘powder diffraction’. ‘powder called based technique an x-ray the use of research the Worsley data, own its from value the maximum leverage To team has applied very high resolution data measured at the Australian at the Australian measured data high resolution has applied very team Some of its processes involve extensive materials research, in particular in particular research, materials extensive involve processes Some of its Synchrotron. refining alumina in Western Australia for more than 30 years. than 30 more for Australia Western alumina in refining Worsley’s own research and the advanced capabilities of the Australian of the Australian capabilities and the advanced research own Worsley’s BHP Billiton Worsley Alumina (Worsley) has been mining bauxite and bauxite has been mining Alumina (Worsley) Worsley BHP Billiton Synchrotron are helping Worsley to become a more efficient and sustainable efficient and sustainable a more become to Worsley helping are Synchrotron Worsley seeks high resolution high seeks Worsley business. http://bit.ly/BHPseekshighres Memjet quality control uses Synchrotron uses Synchrotron Memjet quality control a unique printing and exports produces Memjet Australia Sydney-based is Synchrotron Australian The throughput. high extremely of capable head design and fabrication. product with quality control, assisting http://bit.ly/Memjetcasestudy Gold grows on trees Gold grows reveal to Synchrotron with the Australian worked have CSIRO researchers Australia. in Western leaves in eucalyptus gold collecting of micro-nuggets below, deposits larger of indicative is leaves the in gold of presence The The finding will help develop source. water the tree’s up through drawn impact. environmental and costs with reduced techniques exploration new http://bit.ly/Goldgrowsontrees

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

18 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 19 |

and human health. key biological mechanisms leads to big benefits for agriculture for agriculture big benefits to mechanisms leads biological key http://bit.ly/PlantsFightBack responses to bacterial invaders. Such important insight about insight important Such invaders. bacterial to responses details of the mechanism some plants use to activate their immune activate of the mechanism some plants use to details An international team led by the University of Queensland used a by the University led team An international precise reveal to techniques Synchrotron of Australian combination single season. single and while it’s known that they affect ageing and taste, understanding understanding ageing and taste, affect that they known it’s and while diseases, which can account for up to 15 per cent of crop losses in a in losses of crop 15 per cent up to for account diseases, which can the taste and ageing qualities of wine. Tannins have a large size variation size variation a large have and ageing qualities of wine. Tannins the taste Australian the for insights competitive globally will provide how, exactly industry. Australian Synchrotron to determine the exact influence of tannins, on of influence the exact determine to Synchrotron Australian development of crop plants that are less susceptible to pre-harvest pre-harvest to susceptible less are plants that of crop development The Department of Primary Industries (Mildura) is working with the is working (Mildura) Industries Primary The Department of http://bit.ly/ASwinetime http://bit.ly/ASwinetime themselves against potentially lethal bacterial invaders will assist will assist invaders bacterial lethal potentially against themselves to global edge for Australian wine industry Australian edge for global to New insights into the way plants such as potatoes and tomatoes defend defend and tomatoes the way plants such as potatoes insights into New Improved understanding of tannins may lead may lead of tannins understanding Improved Plant defences point the way to stronger crops stronger the way to point Plant defences Linking with Australian Industry Australian with Linking A giant, hollow, protein shell manufactured by some bacteria and used bacteria by some shell manufactured protein A giant, hollow, bio-insecticides new to lead kill insects could that toxins contain to researchers Zealand and New Australian pests. crop controlling for of a protein the structure discover to Synchrotron used the Australian toxins its own from an insect-killing bacteria that protects ‘canister’ right. Other are conditions until environmental them safe and keeps can the contents but similar canisters, and animals produce bacteria human into research for has implications The discovery widely. vary as pesticides. disease as well http://bit.ly/Bio-insecticideCannister Potential new weapon against against weapon new Potential pests agricultural The Synchrotron has enabled researchers from The Monash Institute The Monash Institute from researchers has enabled The Synchrotron Milk fat structure findings to lead to lead to findings structure Milk fat products new of Pharmaceutical Sciences to discover that milk is highly geometrically geometrically that milk is highly discover to Sciences of Pharmaceutical digested. being it’s while at the nanoscale and structured ordered such products new to lead will milk, of digestion the into insight fresh This individuals, babies and milk-intolerant premature milks for as easy-to-digest and better less, and eat longer for full feel to that help dieters products drugs. orally-administered http://bit.ly/MilkFatStructure Linking with Australian Industry Australian with Linking South Wales are using Australian Synchrotron technology to validate validate to technology Synchrotron using Australian are South Wales (as perceived juiciness and tenderness meat for tests and understand by consumers) and correlating these with feed, season and region. season and region. these with feed, and correlating by consumers) universities and state agriculture departments in Victoria and New and New Victoria departments in agriculture and state universities In collaboration with the Australian Meat Processing Association, Association, Meat Processing the Australian with In collaboration in development Test for meat tenderness and juiciness and juiciness meat tenderness for Test the size and properties of the gold nanoparticles that catalyse the energy the energy that catalyse of the gold nanoparticles the size and properties better, to develop them findings will enable Their process. production University of Canterbury New Zealand used the Synchrotron to investigate investigate to Zealand used the Synchrotron New of Canterbury University catalysts. more-stable to produce energy by burning (oxidising) the glycerol. Scientists from the from Scientists the glycerol. by burning (oxidising) energy produce to http://bit.ly/AlcoholicEnergy much safer than hydrogen or fossil fuels. The challenge is to find a faster way faster find a is to fuels. The challenge or fossil than hydrogen much safer attractive potential energy source: renewable, non-toxic, energy-dense and energy-dense non-toxic, renewable, source: energy potential attractive fuel cells that convert alcohol into energy. Glycerol (a kind of alcohol) is a very very a is alcohol) of kind (a Glycerol energy. into alcohol convert that cells fuel Gold nanoparticles could hold the key to the development of highly-efficient of highly-efficient the development to hold the key could Gold nanoparticles Deriving energy from alcohol and gold alcohol from Deriving energy The Australian Synchrotron is helping scientists create ‘hellish’ conditions conditions ‘hellish’ create scientists helping is Synchrotron Australian The observe – to times atmospheric pressure and 600 600 degrees – around fluids under these ‘deep in hydrothermal speciation and chemistry metal of Adelaide, the University from of scientists, The work earth’ conditions. mineral predictive improved to and CSIRO, will contribute Monash University processing and metallurgical efficient mineral more strategies, exploration geo-sequestration and energy geothermal modelling of and better techniques; operations. cost-effective efficient and more safer, to leading strategies, http://bit.ly/ASHellish Ground work for mineral processing processing mineral for work Ground efficient more and safer, improvements for operations and cost-effective geothermal energy Fish ear bones or otoliths provide important information to support to information important provide Fish ear bones or otoliths of and the survival stocks fish management of commercial sustainable into insights valuable yields chemistry Otolith fish species. threatened from Researchers usage. population and habitat migration, fish dispersal, the study to Synchrotron of Adelaide used the Australian the University long- the validated time the first and for of otoliths, structure atomic-level in the atoms calcium replaced randomly that strontium held assumption had disproved up the bones. If their results that makes material carbonate fish forcing setback, been a significant have this could this assumption, data. chemistry otolith of interpretations earlier their re-evaluate to scientists http://bit.ly/FishEars Valuable insights to aid fish stock management stock aid fish insights to Valuable

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

20 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 21 |

Sodium ion batteries: DOI: 10.1021/cm5005104 Sodium ion batteries: http://bit.ly/AS_Lithium_batt_group Lithium-ion batteries: Some relevant publications in this area of work: of work: in this area publications Some relevant and ANSTO. and ANSTO. demonstrate a fast, inexpensive, room-temperature process for coating a coating for process room-temperature inexpensive, a fast, demonstrate 3D objects and meshes. plates, metal copper particular kind of MOF onto copper from nanotubes prepared hydroxide uses copper The process dioxide. An Australian-Japanese collaboration used the Synchrotron to to used the Synchrotron collaboration An Australian-Japanese dioxide. hold amazing amounts of gases such as hydrogen, methane and carbon methane and carbon such as hydrogen, of gases hold amazing amounts can The MOF coatings object. metal any copper be applied to and can metal, be readily patterned using sunlight, making it ideal for exploring industrial industrial exploring using sunlight, making it ideal for patterned be readily Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials – the Tardis of molecules - can - can of molecules – the Tardis (MOF) materials framework Metal-organic applications, because sodium is more abundant in nature than lithium. abundant in nature sodium is more because applications, investigate to using the Synchrotron are teams research Several time in real electrodes at battery processes and discharging charging could offer a more economical alternative, particularly for stationary stationary for particularly alternative, economical a more offer could applications of MOF capabilities. of MOF capabilities. applications and their results are accelerating the discovery and development of high- and development the discovery accelerating are and their results is underway to further improve performance. Sodium-ion batteries Sodium-ion batteries performance. further improve is underway to industrial capability potential capability industrial performance electrode materials. A number of organisations are using the are A number of organisations materials. electrode performance devices. The technology has many benefits and considerable research research considerable and has many benefits The technology devices. Synchrotron in this area of study including several Australian universities, universities, Australian including several of study in this area Synchrotron Advanced Functional Materials, 24, 1961 (2014). Lithium-ion batteries are used worldwide to power portable electronic electronic portable power to worldwide used are batteries Lithium-ion Molecular device coating using sunlight – high coating device Molecular The charge for better batteries better for The charge Linking with Australian Industry Australian with Linking Nature Communications, 5, 3783 (2014). It could provide a sustainable energy supply for the future, but a process called called but a process the future, for supply energy a sustainable provide It could water from hydrogen molecular that produces reduction’ ‘electrocatalytic is hampering – and the cost catalysts platinum on expensive relies currently including several team research An international applications. commercial a metal-free develop to is using the Synchrotron universities, Australian the some of to hydrogen amounts of similar produce can that electrocatalyst combines The catalyst platinum catalysts. to alternatives metallic well-developed 2D regular both of which form graphene, nitride with nitrogen-doped graphitic-carbon believe The researchers arrays. larger make or joined to be stacked that can structures of hydrogen. evolution for electrocatalytic catalyst hybrid metal-free first this is the world’s Hydrogen from water without the precious without the precious water from Hydrogen tag price metal A derailment can cost tens of millions of dollars in lost production. production. in lost of millions of dollars tens cost can A derailment BHP has which University, Monash at Technology Rail for Institute The as producers) ore iron of the largest (four FMG and Vale Rio Tinto, Billiton, the uneven how Synchrotron, the Australian with clients, is investigating of welded the reliability such as manganese affects of elements distribution http://bit.ly/AS_Case_RailFailure of failure. prediction enabling better rails, Preventing heavy rail failure failure heavy rail Preventing transported is export for coal and ore iron of majority overwhelming The and rails both for alloys steel New systems. haul rail on heavy improve to loads higher even for allow to developed being are wheels operations. these of line bottom the and efficiency network the to lead can steels in these content alloy the higher However, risk. safety and pose a substantial of the rails, with welding issues

th

th peer-reviewed paper published paper peer-reviewed th Productivity Productivity is measured Synchrotron Australian at the Productivity and carried-out the number of experiments by not only but also by the number of visits supported, researcher been published containing that have papers research the facility output from Research the facility. from data of with the publication has again been outstanding, of – an increase articles scientific 443 peer-reviewed the In June year. on the previous cent than 20 per more had its 1,500 facility publication milestone was reached just over a year ago. a year over just was reached milestone publication Synchrotron One of the major activities of the Australian which, structures of protein is the determination and micro at the macromolecular using techniques now beamlines (MX1 and MX2), can crystallography something that achieve; to minutes researchers take of Year In this, the International a lifetime. take used to that depositions report to proud are we Crystallography, Data Protein in the worldwide structures of protein the Australian from using data Bank, determined than doubling the 750, more exceeded have Synchrotron, of the advent prior to achieved deposition rate regional the facility. Synchrotron of output earns the Australian This level of being one of the the recognition user community put this productivity To in the world. productive most with has been achieved this success context, into comparable beamlines, whereas 10 operational only 30, 40 may host facilities synchrotron international or more. Synchrotron by produced were A further 73 publications accessing researchers or other Australian staff by supported facilities, synchrotron international Synchrotron. Australian by the funding administered is facilities international to access This demand for of the Australian of the sophistication further evidence expertise grow a way to and provides user community that is yet instrumentation need for and demonstrate Synchrotron. at the Australian be developed to – a considerable achievement given that the 1,000 given achievement – a considerable , . , , Science , Nature , Nature Trends in Plant , ACS Nano , Chemical Research . Synchrotron research was research . Synchrotron of Accounts Advanced Materials , Angewandte Chemie , Journal of the American Chemical Society , Nature Communications Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Immunology Science Facility performance Facility and breadth Excellence by the supported of research and breadth The excellence has again been exceptional. facility was research Synchrotron Australian This year, ranking highest of the world’s published in all three multi-disciplinary scientific journals: The Australian Synchrotron’s scientific output for this year can be year for this scientific output Synchrotron’s The Australian been considerable have there While ahead’. steam summarised as ‘full this and capabilities, performance the facility’s improve to developments by produced of research quality and volume the breadth, hasn’t hindered research traditional with maintaining Along and staff. users Synchrotron agriculture, materials, advanced sciences, and life in medical strengths and engineers scientists, our and geosciences, environmental energy, treatment in the radiotherapy capabilities new developed have collaborators electronic of the imaging, and studies and nanoscale biomedical of cancers, of materials. properties only not reflects Synchrotron the Australian in output from increase The year-on-year that of our engineering, but also, importantly, staff and scientific community of our research and effort the expertise In practical facility. of this research capabilities investigative the advanced in providing and other staff computing and in beamline optics, detectors beam quality; improvements better delivered: 12 months have the past terms with an expanding along computing; and high-performance tools analysis in data advances environments; sample 20,000 the supported Synchrotron the Australian In May 2014, community. research synchrotron skilled and highly Science Overview Science Physical Review Letters and Proceedings of the National Immunity also published in a wide array of other very high-quality high-quality of other very also published in a wide array journals including user visit to the facility, from research institutions and industries around the country, reflecting its role as a landmark role its reflecting the country, around and industries institutions research from the facility, user visit to scientific journals best in the world’s the facility from of research featuring The continued facility. national research to society. and benefit its quality but also its applicability not only to media has been testament and mainstream and The quality of publications – determined by the – determined The quality of publications or ‘impact rates citation global publishing journal’s affiliated Synchrotron Australian – for factor’ high. Of the year’s was again very publications high a high or very achieved 15 per cent publications, impact The average or more). (of seven impact factor 4.88. was an impressive factor a is not only Synchrotron at the Australian Excellence facility and the scientific of this world-class product community, it is also scientific of Australia’s efforts to of access by the merit-based allocation facilitated access, for proposals Researchers’ the Synchrotron. and international by local reviewed or beamtime, are track team impact, research their potential for experts With the radiation. synchrotron for and need record, for selection at the facility, demand experienced strong by this process. is achieved excellence

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

22 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 23 | Access to beamtime of the Juste saw the full implementation This year access partners under which our funding system Retour were 826 experiments year, ‘merit’ beamtime. This of a total to beamtime, leading to access for approved individual researchers. 4347 user visits by 1594 and macromolecular the to mode of access A new beamlines (MX1 and MX2) was crystallography micro- Access The Collaborative this year. also introduced groups different from researchers allows (CAP) Program maximise outcomes to together work to and institutions On opening the beamtime available. the limited from 125 Principal of around consisting 23 CAPs program, cover to proposals research submitted Investigators share to able are Researchers year. one for access systems, access via remote data acquire shipping costs, members. CAP for outcomes and optimise experimental usage Industrial teams that use research Many of the scientific with industry. collaborate already the Synchrotron of all successful than 10 per cent more Historically, researchers have consistently merit-based proposals with industry. interactions self-reporting in was established support group An industry engagement direct facilitate better to September, ranging businesses, and international with Australian (SMEs) to enterprises medium-sized small to from unfamiliar many of which are multinational corporations, applications. with synchrotron industry direct for program A NSW Government-funded and this year implemented was successfully access a range for and expertise access Synchrotron facilitated as diverse included applications work The of projects. Meat Processing (Australian as lamb meat tenderness heads (Memjet) and printer state-of-the-art Association), of an Egyptian Mummy, a valuable studies conservation Museum in 1912. by the Australian acquired asset industry of our dedicated the establishment Following the service penetrate to and efforts support team, engagement industry direct market, crystallography and with a rise of direct dramatically has increased 19 per cent around to proposals industry indirect has also growth This impressive of all experiments. driven, interactions industry direct from been assisted industry by the NSW Government’s extent, a large to scheme. access 13/14 13/14 12/13 12/13 11/12 11/12 10/11 10/11 Financial Year Financial Financial Year Financial 09/10 09/10 08/09 08/09 ECR Total Total number of users Total Students and early researchers career 07/08 07/08 0 0 50

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 Number Publications Per Year Per Publications instruments Number of Australian Synchrotron users and students/ ECRs Registered and new of the Australian users The number of registered users opening in 4,370 since has climbed to Synchrotron, (ECR) researchers 2007. Students and early-career Year-on- number of users. half of the total represent remains the facility to users the number of new year, this year; registering with 628 researchers consistent, of the engagement the continuing demonstrating community. research regional User community Users Synchrotron Australian Publications per year from Australian Synchrotron XFM XAS SXR SAXS PD MX* IRM IMBL Shifts Requested Shifts Allocated HRIR 0 800 600 400 200 1200 1000 Subscription rates per beamline by beamline trends Research 32 this year, 443 publications Of the facility-supported with one instrument, than more from data contained the MX and SAXS pairings between common the most beamlines, and the PD and SXR beamlines. The MX/ examine to researchers allows SAXS combination when packed resolution with atomic structure protein understanding an provides scattering while crystals, into in solution. The PD/SXR conformation of their native both the examine to researchers allows combination crystalline of advanced structure atomic long-range ordering charge of local as the nature as well materials, states. oxidation in elemental variation due to neutron also contained publications Twenty-eight Reactor Research OPAL ANSTO’s from data scattering seeing Australian are we Increasingly in Sydney. techniques these complementary turn to researchers or better problems sophisticated solve to in order especially materials, of complex nature the understand of all 22 per cent where diffraction powder to in relation and the PD beamline used both x-ray from publications techniques. neutron Subscription rates by beamline rates Subscription of demand the balance reflect Subscription rates Australian beamlines at the to of access and supply remains the facility Subscription across Synchrotron. access high with the number of eight-hour consistently is This at 1.8 times that available. shifts requested uses, and of new influx of the constant indicative users. current demand from continuing (IMBL), (imaging and medical The majority of beamlines scattering x-ray (PD), small angle diffraction powder fluorescence (SXR), x-ray spectroscopy (SAXS), soft x-ray absorption (XFM) and x-ray micro-spectroscopy subscription rates (XAS)) showed spectroscopy demonstrating 200 per cent, or exceeding approaching further demand, and a need to and consistent strong beamline as new as well instrumentation develop Synchrotron. at the Australian capabilities Sciences Sciences 30% Chemical 30% Chemical 29.8% Chemical 29.8% Chemical 18.7% Biological Sciences 18.2% Biological Sciences 1.0% Agricultural Sciences 1.0% Agricultural 6.3% Direct Commercial Commercial 6.3% Direct Experiments 1.6% Cultural Heritage 1.6% Cultural 1.8% Manufacturing & Transport 1.8% Manufacturing 0.9% Agricultural Sciences 0.9% Agricultural 10.1% Engineering 1.2% Cultural Heritage 1.2% Cultural 10.1% Engineering 2.2% Energy 9.5% Medical & 9.5% Medical Health Sciences 6.6% Medical & 6.6% Medical Health Sciences 10.0% Physical 10.0% Physical & Mathematical Sciences 10.0% Physical 10.0% Physical & Mathematical Sciences 3.2% Environmental 3.2% Environmental Sciences 4.0% Technology 1.8% Energy 3.0% Environmental Sciences 1.4% Manufacturing & Transport 3.3% Technology 7.7% Earth Sciences & Mineral Resources 7.5% Earth Sciences & Mineral Resources categories. Australian Synchrotron experiments by Field of Research Commercial Access Commercial Experiments by field of research by field of Experiments for this research fields of indicates below The figure of Statistics Bureau These Australian outputs. year’s experiments commercial plus a direct classifications applications the broad demonstrate clearly category, sectors critical to research of synchrotron-related exploration mineral including: health, pharmaceutical, and engineering, agriculture, and mining, manufacturing and the arts. the environment, energy, Access Merit and Commercial

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

24 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 25 | century portrait of portrait century th Terahertz / Far-Infrared (THz-FarIR) / Far-Infrared Terahertz beamlines, THz-FarIR infrared of the two The second of gaseous and on a range this year experiments ran in the fields with publications phase systems, condensed studies corrosion nanocomposites, clusters, of metallic gases. of greenhouse and characterisation (XAS) Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray to that used XAS, related of research The main areas the perspective either from science environmental and speciation in the contamination metal of toxic in contaminants of metal retention or environment, field, XAS was also used bio-solids. In a related various investigate with the XFM beamline) to in concert (often in and nanoparticles of metals form and the uptake processing and mineral systems plants. Nanocomposite the other main fields of interest. were (XFM) Microspectroscopy Fluorescence X-ray out using the XFM beamline, carried A number of studies with the ‘Gold media this year, in mainstream featured up all in particular being picked story on trees’ grows of artworks The characterisation the world. around feature, to continued significance of international by the imaging of a 16 highlighted Small- and Wide-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/ Scattering X-ray Wide-angle Small- and WAXS) with 90 publications, beamline productive Another highly outcomes beamline also generated the SAXS/WAXS areas Traditional of topics. range a diverse across and included biomolecular highly featured of study and liquid crystal of publications), (25 per cent structure (20 per cent). applications drug delivery mesophases for (11 systems of polymer-based structure The nanoscale radiation damage modified by and materials per cent) interest. also of significant were (11 per cent) Imaging (SXR) and Spectroscopy Soft X-ray between has been shared year the past Beamtime over and (SXRs) user program Spectroscopy the Soft X-ray Imaging on the Soft X-ray experiments commissioning La Trobe from by staff (operated (SXRi) branchline beamline had a spectroscopy The Soft X-ray University). a range across with 46 publications year, productive very cent), (22 per electronics studies of surface of fields from nanomaterials (18 per cent), devices polymer conducting of and characterisation (18 per cent) and nanodevices (15 per cent). materials electronic in bulk chemistry local Henry VIII. Published studies covered the mapping of covered Henry VIII. Published studies and in plants, grains metals and toxic micronutrients and uptake cellular (52 per cent), samples environmental imaging agents and nanoparticles of metals, distribution (17 per formation and mineral geobiology (24 per cent) cent). Powder Diffraction (PD) Diffraction Powder year, with 99 the beamlines this of prolific The most the study was used to diffraction powder publications, advanced numerous for relationships structure-function of materials 20 per cent Approximately materials. magnetic with novel oxides metal transition were studied and battery storage Hydrogen properties. or electronic of publications. 10 per cent for each accounted systems as gas as well materials, of the above In-situ studies be a to continue systems processing and mineral capture of the PD beamline. feature Macromolecular and Micro-crystallography and Micro-crystallography Macromolecular (MX1 and MX2) the MX beamlines from of work 70 per cent Around and function, including structure biomolecular to related of the on the functioning publications many high-profile number of studies and a substantial immune system, diseases, such as and related infections on bacterial than 30 less Slightly and meningitis. tuberculosis of the structure to related of MX publications per cent including metal complexes, or organometallic organic and metal-organic polymers coordination clusters, magnetic, gas of optical, with a range frameworks properties. and catalytic separation Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Microspectroscopy Infrared wide a very characterise to IRM was used this year and biological on organic with a focus of materials range include: DNA, of interest and areas Materials systems. systems and other cellular microorganisms cells, stem (25 per cent); polymers of publications); (21 per cent paints of fingerprints and automotive studies forensic of and studies diatoms; Southern Ocean (13 per cent); of insect wings and antimicrobial structures nanoscale coatings. Around half of IMBL beamtime has been allocated been allocated half of IMBL beamtime has Around The programs. research merit-based preclinical to and commission develop has been used to remainder in x-ray Major advances beamline capabilities. new and phase-contrast (CT) tomography computed been animals have and imaging of biomaterials of disease support studies to this year, achieved heart, brain in the lungs, and treatment progression in preclinical developments In addition, and kidney. a to led (MRT) studies therapy radiation microbeam and on tissue of dose and impact understanding better in treating applications for particularly systems, cellular (bone cancers). osteosarcomas Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) and Medical Imaging 26 Australian Synchrotron

Meeting of the ‘Photon and Neutron Applications Key Dates Registration: NOW OPEN to the Study of Biological and Nanoscale Systems’ Call for Abstracts: NOW OPEN workshop, hosted with the Embassy of Italy (Canberra) Abstract Submission: 9th August 2013 Early Registration: and the Italian synchrotron ‘Elettra’ in May. 20th September 2013

| Accommodation: 1st October 2013 Annual Report 2014

7th International Workshop on Infrared Microscopy he scope of the workshop is to bring together IR The Australian Synchrotron hosted the 7th International and Spectroscopy with Accelerator Based Sources Tscientists and users from (L – R): Dr Anita Hill (CSIRO), Dr Stephen synchrotron radiation & free November 10-14, 2013 / Lorne, Victoria, Australia electron laser facilities Workshop on Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy worldwide to discuss the latest Dubsky (winner of the inaugural Stephen developments and trends, as well as future directions, and promote even more promising with Accelerator based Sources (WIRMS 2013) in applications in these fields. Wilkins Thesis Medal), and Prof Andrew Another important mission of this workshop is for active experts to Lorne. The highly successful event was chaired by provide young researchers and Peele, Director, Australian Synchrotron. graduate students with a good introduction to this rapidly Dr Mark Tobin, Principal Scientist of the Infrared advancing field. Confirmed Speakers Dr Hans Bechtel Microspectroscopy beamline. Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Jean-Blaise Brubach Synchrotron SOLEIL, France Carol Hirschmugl University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA Emeline Pouyet ESRF, France Dr Evan Robertson La Trobe University, Australia Peter Weightman University of Liverpool, UK

HOST BODY User engagement www.wirms2013.com.auMachine updates Engagement with researches is an important part of the facility’s contribution to the community. This year’s Upgrades activities included hosting a successful annual User Upgrades to the synchrotron machine are constantly Meeting with over 200 delegates; beamline workshops being planned and implemented. Projects recently attracting international delegates from industry and completed or currently in hand include: other synchrotrons; the 7th International Workshop on • A feedback system to improve beam stability Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator in the range of 0 to 300 Hz Based Sources (WIRMS); and a collaborative neutron and x-ray (Free Electron Laser) workshop with ANSTO, the • A modification of the cooling water system Italian synchrotron ‘Elettra’ and supported by the Italian allowing a reduction in power consumption Embassy in Australia. • A feedback system to combat electron bunch instabilities. User services A reduction in reliability is inevitable as the machine The administrative backbone for any synchrotron is ages without intervention, and this is being addressed by its User Office, and the central tool for the Australian the use of predictive tools that allow possible failures to Synchrotron user office is the user portal. The Australian be identified and mitigating actions to be prioritised and Synchrotron User Portal was developed by our scientific implemented. computing team in collaboration with the user office, beamline staff and safety team. From the submission Machine reliability of proposals through to the scheduling of experiments, the Portal must be user-friendly, and reliably track and The machine’s reliability continues to be outstanding, report almost 1,600 users, 4,300 visits and well over 400 with availability well above the target figure of 97 per publications and rising, each year. Advances this year cent at 99.5 per cent. A small number of failures that have seen the development of on-line safety approval could have adversely affected machine availability were and experimental authorisation systems. successfully addressed by the facility’s specialist teams. Most notable among these was an unexpected failure Corresponding to the high volume of researcher visits, of the linear accelerator which was repaired during a the Australian Synchrotron Guesthouse, operated by the planned maintenance shutdown in January. User Office, has over the past year been very busy with 72 per cent of all bookings at the Guesthouse for users of beamtime with the remainder of guests attending onsite meetings, conferences and workshops. The Guesthouse and the User Office have received excellent reviews from guests who are happy to be looked after so well when on site. Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 27 | The IRM beamline teams, also successfully hosted the hosted also successfully teams, The IRM beamline and Microscopy on Infrared Workshop 7th International (WIRMS), Sources Based with Accelerator Spectroscopy conference The 2013, in Lorne, Victoria. in November the and included for by 95 delegates was attended for Synchrotron-light from representatives time first in the Middle and Applications Science Experimental Brazilian Indus, India; and the (SESAME), Jordan; East (LNLS), Brazil. Light Laboratory Synchrotron Powder Diffraction (PD) Diffraction Powder have (PD) beamline team Diffraction The Powder diffraction of in situ powder a variety to contributed outcomes. some fantastic to led that have experiments designed programs upgrade several Behind the scenes, of the beamline and the performance improve to The underway. are record its high reliability maintain and software hardware detector II Mythen microstrip in 2013. Valuable began late programme upgrade Scherrer at the Paul group the Detector from assistance Synchrotron’s with the Australian (PSI) along Institute 2014. in early introduction its rapid to led group Controls alignment sample capillary of a new Construction of the control with testing complete spinner is now equipment will align The new begin shortly. to system that meaning than minutes rather in seconds capillaries The enhanced. will be significantly throughput sample of being fully will also be capable alignment system new sample robotic the planned automated into integrated system. loading Macromolecular and Micro-crystallography Micro-crystallography and Macromolecular and MX2) Beamlines (MX1 base user a large have The MX1 and MX2 beamlines with 517 instrument of 124 principal investigators 158 peer-reviewed produced This community users. 12 months. The beamlines support past the over papers crystallography and chemical biological from users communities. and commercial The MX beamlines support academic for experiments access including remote users, data Automated groups. and international domestic on data time feedback near real users gives processing quality. upgrades is ongoing with recent Beamline development wheels and beam filter robots, loading of sample of a UV laser. and the installation system, steering regularly community biology structural The Australian using crystal research leading internationally produces at the MX beamlines. produced data from structures the mechanisms insights into highlights include Recent of of immunity in humans and plants, development a catalysts, disease, new coeliac for vaccine potential and much cells that kills cancer tobacco from protein more. ). All detector systems are now now are systems ). All detector 2 controlled with a unified, user-friendly graphical user graphical with a unified, user-friendly controlled (GUI). interface clinically-accurate providing to The beamline is close (i.e. dosimetry of absorbed radiation measurements silicon X-Tream a fine-resolution thanks to studies), and a of Wollongong the University from dosimeter dosimetry on high dose rate for calorimeter graphite and Radiation Protection the Australian from loan (ARPANSA). Agency Safety Nuclear of was made in the development progress Substantial sheets are Graphene system. filter x-ray the high-power the risk to avoid filter low-energy being used as a stable heat result of the large failing as a materials of filter the source. from load Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Microspectroscopy Infrared year, The IRM beamline has had another successful a diverse from many unique experiments hosting capabilities the technical developing while community, the computer to and the beamline. Upgrades of staff software. Bruker use of the latest will allow system ultra- include: the new of note upgrades Hardware mount; and condenser 3-axis piezo-controlled stable reflection) total (attenuated macro-ATR a Bruker mapping at higher sample faster allow to accessory, Light the Advanced attended Staff spatial resolutions. the newly test to States, (ALS), in the United Source facility, in capabilities at that near-field IRM developed method. this novel developing anticipation of potentially Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) Imaging and Medical that some experiments perform now The IMBL can Researchers overseas. travel required previously radiography key this by conducting demonstrated lung and cerebral high-accuracy involving experiments rabbits. imaging of anaesthetised vasculature system a wide detector commissioned Beamline staff palaeontological 3D imaging of large that allows 1m specimens (up to Beamline developments over the past year have focused focused have year the past over Beamline developments the speed of operation, reliability, to on improvements and the implementation acquired, the quality of data impact. of scientific areas new reach to of capabilities for in efficiency, demand improvements Despite outstrips Synchrotron beamtime at the Australian 300 per cent, beamlines by almost on some supply, expansion of our continued the which also reflects to this year has continued Work community. researcher beamlines of synchrotron generation the next realise the expand need to a great exists There at the facility. cover to our initial suite beyond of techniques range at access currently researchers those which Australian meet the over- to and additionally facilities, overseas community. subscription demands of the domestic beamlines exists new for case A well-developed and it is expected [http://bit.ly/ASDevelopmentPlan] is clarified the facility funding for that as long-term beamlines in new investment for case the business will be strengthened. Beamline developments Beamline activity at the beamline: laser photolysis primarily for for primarily photolysis the beamline: laser activity at near- and high-temperature the gas-phase community, low-temperature and a normal reflection/transmission, The community. condensed-phase for the reflection of by the arrival been complemented have beamline staff candidates PhD two in addition to fellow, a postdoctoral by the beamline staff. co-supervised who are X-ray Fluorescence Microspectroscopy Microspectroscopy Fluorescence X-ray Beamline (XFM) include an on the XFM beamline this year Improvements solid from carved table capacity high-load ultra-stable, has The table support the XFM microprobe. to granite and scanning, tomographic to optimise control fine-tilt cooling heavy equipment such as a cryostream carry can detectors. and secondary system without interruption, artworks large scan now can Users up scans accommodate that stages milliprobe thanks to by and installed 1.2 x 0.6 m. Designed, constructed to the Engineering and XFM staff, Synchrotron Australian parallel for also allow will eventually stages milliprobe gels with routine such as protein of samples scanning scans. microprobe has expanded Maia detector of a second The purchase measurement enable to capabilities the XFM beamline’s such as light elements important of biologically is a Maia detector The second phosphorus and sulfur. range low-energy with extended model third-generation be XFM will ultimately resolution. energy and improved in parallel. Maia detectors run two to able X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Beamline (XAS) Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray research enable to The XAS beamline continued outcomes Significant community. broad a activities for toxicology on plant and crop included journal articles on chemical such as selenium, of metals upon uptake and on of Sydney, areas in residential of lead forms to further manage in fish ear bones structure strontium fish populations. commercial activities progressed beamline remediation Technical of a Activities included implementation strongly. of a low- installation cryostat, sample low-vibration and piezo actuator, monochromator noise robust Development systems. of motion controls improvement user beam further improve to has commenced work dilute of highly enabling studies for quality, critical cells in plant tissues, metals as trace such systems in implanted clusters or metal and the environment, semiconductors. for also be important beam quality will Improved in-situ. In a joint project changing systems investigating joined fellow a post-doctoral with Monash University, studies in-situ high-temperature drive to the XAS team from by a team Activities led systems. of geochemical a large- commission to hosted are Macquarie University environment sample high-pressure roll-in-roll-out scale, processes. geological study to Terahertz/Far-Infrared Beamline (THz/Far-IR) Terahertz/Far-Infrared a beamline has witnessed the THz/Far-IR This year of proposals in the number increase considerable and gas-phase both in condensed submitted funded applicant including an international applications, rolled been have scientific apparatus new by NASA. Two a closed-loop community: the condensed-phase out to down temperatures to access users pulse tube offering and a near-normal studies, transmission 10 K for to study to system optical reflection transmission incidence are In addition, we of materials. properties the optical that will further increase techniques three developing Soft X ray Spectroscopy beamline (SXR) Spectroscopy Soft X ray capabilities our upgrading on focussed has SXR year This in samples of properties measuring the electrical for the electron measure now can situ. In particular, we or materials, of surface characteristics transport vibrating function’, using a non-contact work ‘surface Both probe. electric point and a four probe Kelvin but laboratories in user’s used regularly are techniques we environment vacuum ultra-high not under the clean, user groups Several at the Synchrotron. have to have and fullerenes with diamond, graphene working are vary them to on to and depositing other materials or The use of low-energy, properties. their electronic of and arrangement the energy reveal can soft x-rays, these rise to give that directly levels energy electron directly Linking our unique measurements properties. better can measurements laboratory the simpler to materials make to preparations help guide researchers’ impacts, and with their technological have that can the SXR beamline. subsequent visits to Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering Scattering X-ray Wide Angle Small and Beamline (SAXS) capabilities of refinement has seen further year The past of range diverse an increasingly accommodate better to and wide small on the high-performance applications beamline. Software (SAXS/WAXS) scattering x-ray angle data highly-automated addressed have upgrades many systems and presentation; acquisition, processing include capabilities New browsers. run within web now at air- layers surface for investigating reflectivity x-ray method and a spin-off interfaces, solid and liquid-solid (GIWAXS) WAXS Incidence Grazing high-accuracy for GIWAXS using an analyser-crystal. alignment sample and space stage thin films. The sample study is used to been duplicated the beam position have around envelope set up their to enabling users in the user cabin, beamtime and valuable ahead of time, save experiments setups during multiple and complex use efficiently more experiments. single 275 research published over have 2009, users Since that include drug delivery areas in wide-ranging papers many biological across proteins polymers, applications, and Food science. and materials areas, and biomedical this year. also featured applications agricultural

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

28 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 29 | Corporate Services Corporate quality its international retained The Synchrotron standard system ISO9001 and national safety standard accreditation achieved also We AS4801 accreditations. system management environmental international to our commitment ISO14001, demonstrating standard sustainability. environmental to a delivered staff resources, of human In the area salary banding a new planning exercise, succession employee an all-staff system, and classification planning and promotion performance updated survey, program and development a full learning systems, program. recruitment and a postdoctoral organisational On the financial management front, within budget and revenue was kept expenditure team developed finance The levels. target exceeded the financial and upgraded register asset a fixed include asset to TechOne management system management capabilities. activities included our Relations group The External and hosting Open Day in October, best-attended initiating conferences, major international planning for including several stories media a number of high-profile and our popular education breakthroughs, biomedical and VIP visits. programs Engineering of the Engineering group of ongoing effort A major area from staff Beamline, where is the Imaging and Medical meet to team, with the beamline working are all areas the current completing 2015 for of July date a target designing, currently are The teams phase of the project. of a range and commissioning building, installing – and are systems control equipment and associated goals. their achieving on the way to well from been appointed have principal engineers new Two Engineering 13-member Controls within the existing which deals with team, largest the facility’s group, from and hardware software all aspects of controls systems. safety to and machine controls experimental leading engineers principal has four now The group point a focal and providing group within the larger teams facility. the entire ideas and decisions that affect for

Accelerator Science & Operations Science Accelerator group and Operations Science The Accelerator of 97 the target above machine availability maintained and dealt with 860 beamline full year, the for per cent 28 of which only room, the control to support calls the facility. to return to the beamline scientist required such as a on many projects working are The operators tunnels to in the accelerator network wireless dedicated capabilities. field diagnostics improve Mark Boland has been Physicist Principal Accelerator with the Faculty Professor Associate Honorary appointed of Melbourne, strengthening at The University of Science collaborative productive ties with one of our most Professional a Fulbright Mark also received partners. (see page 31). Scholarship further to systems feedback is developing The group with and working performance, accelerator improve supplies that will power develop to company a local beam motion. electron residual suppress Science, User Office and Computing User Office Science, Synchrotron at the Australian undertaken All research teams, beamline scientific is underpinned by dedicated provide capabilities, beamline develop who each year on research. support, and collaborate user practical a Collaborative team implemented The User Office crystallography macromolecular for Program Access beamtime allocating beamline (MX1 and MX2) users, make to themselves who coordinate of users groups to maximum use of their beamtime. worked The IT and Scientific Computing group an online to develop year this staff with User Office the that will replace authorisation process experiment core also upgraded They system. paper-based current and instruments the accelerator ensure to facilities of in the event not lost are and data operational remain failure. equipment or network Specialist teams Specialist

The Australian Synchrotron provides users from research and commercial backgrounds with a uniquely powerful powerful a uniquely with backgrounds and commercial research from users provides Synchrotron The Australian expertise. renowned and internationally of cutting-edge technology combination possible the maximum that enables all of our staff of and expertise passion it is the commitment At our facility, skills of expert a wealth who represent group a diverse are Our people specialised equipment. highly from productivity control software, engineering, computing, and mechanical electrical research, and as science areas in such diverse resource human accounting, finance, development, business health and safety, user liaison, occupational systems, management. and event education, communication, affairs, management, public Our People Our Dr Mark Boland (Australian Synchrotron) in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel at CERN, Switzerland Beamline scientists, Australian Synchrotron

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

30 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 31 | In October, Australian Synchrotron physicist Dr Martin de Jonge and his CSIRO and physicist Synchrotron Australian In October, Challenge Innovation the Australian for shortlisted were collaborators Synchrotron in designing and building the Synchrotron’s of their work in recognition awards newspaper The Australian Run by microprobe. fluorescence x-ray world-class The Australia. by Innovation supported are with Shell, the awards in association high-sensitivity maps of the distribution produce to scientists enables microprobe potentially in plants, and could copper zinc and such as iron, elements of trace security. and food about agriculture some big questions answer http://bit.ly/InnovationChallengeNomination2013 4. Australian Innovation Challenge Challenge Innovation 4. Australian 3. Award for jarosite paper jarosite for 3. Award may also be jarosite in others, but a major problem processes Useful in some mineral on Mars. of water context and environmental history the geological unlocking to the key Brand Dr Helen employee paper by synchrotron research In January 2014, a jarosite by issued in an award researcher” career paper by an early was judged “equal-best used scientists and Engineering. The paper describes how Science CSIRO Process and identify a potential type of jarosite structural a new discover to the Synchrotron also Their results as required. formation jarosite or suppressing promoting method for jarosite for been present have that must conditions the environmental down help narrow on Mars. formation http://bit.ly/JarositeHeroVillain 2. Awards for early-career researchers early-career for 2. Awards Simon James 2013. Drs in October fellowships Victorian awarded were researchers synchrotron early-career Three Khay Fong Dr Wye Fellowships. Victoria received and Nishar Hameed (Deakin University) Synchrotron) (Australian develop to Simon will use his Fellowship Fellowship. Research Postdoctoral a Victorian received (Monash University) beta the amyloid the damaging build-up of how understand to using the Synchrotron and skills for knowledge new biological with essential to interact ability by the peptide’s influenced is sufferers of Alzheimer’s peptide in the brains and zinc ions. such as copper co-factors http://bit.ly/VicFellowshipJames2013 Australian researchers may soon be able to examine the intimate details of chemical reactions and biological and biological reactions of chemical details the intimate examine to soon be able may researchers Australian Principal Synchrotron Australian than the blink of an eye. of times faster billions information by collecting processes in Nuclear Scholarship Professional 2014 Fulbright will use his prestigious Dr Mark Boland Physicist Accelerator Mark’s California. University, at Stanford Laboratory National Accelerator at the SLAC study to and Technology Science at the about processes information real-time collect can so it capabilities Synchrotron’s the Australian extend aim is to with thousands of processes chemical examine to scientists Australian This will enable of trillionths of a second. level possible. currently than detail times more http://bit.ly/BlinkofAnEye of the the ongoing development to contributes Mark team, science accelerator As a member of the Synchrotron’s Prize for the 2013 Nobel to Higgs boson led the for of evidence the 2012 discovery Collider, where Hadron Large Higgs. and Peter Englert François to Physics being awarded http://bit.ly/ASHiggsNobelContribution 1. Fulbright award for Synchrotron physicist Synchrotron for award 1. Fulbright Australian Synchrotron staff consistently demonstrate excellence in supporting the needs of Australia’s leading leading in supporting the needs of Australia’s excellence demonstrate consistently staff Synchrotron Australian awards received have researchers Many Synchrotron using the Synchrotron. researchers and scientific industrial by enjoyed successes some of the similar celebrate we Here of the facility. the use through and other recognition staff. Synchrotron Australian Staff awards Staff Mr Peter Arambatzis Mr Peter ANSTO Chief Financial Officer, Sonenberg Liz Professor Vice-Chancellor Pro Collaboration) (Research of Melbourne The University Machine Advisory Group (MAG) Machine Advisory Group (NSC) Colloquium National Science (PAC) Advisory Committees Program (UAC) User Advisory Committee • • • • Dr Greg Storr (Chair) Storr Dr Greg ANSTO Executive, Group Ms Nadia Levin Manager, Government, General Relations, and External International ANSTO Trewhella Jill Professor (Research) Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Sydney The University Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) Scientific Advisory Committee Animal Ethics Committee (IAC) Advisory Committee Industry (IPAC) Committee Advisory Program International • • • • Several bodies continue to support the development and effective operation of the Australian Synchrotron: of the Australian operation and effective support the development to bodies continue Several Funders’ Committee Funders’ It has an Framework). (see Funding Parties of the Funding committee is a representative Committee The Funders’ as the operating such matters, certain before is required and its endorsement of the facility on operations role oversight be approved. SLSA can plan and budget for Committees SLSA Board of Directors membership SLSA Board of Directors of SLSA Board below. listed 2014 are SLSA as at 30 June for of Directors of the Board The members Financial Reports, Synchrotron in the Australian contained are and activities of SLSA Directors of the details Further 30 June 2014. at: http://bit.ly/SLSABoard2014 be found can members, of the SLSA Board of each details Further Australian Synchrotron Australian Pty Ltd (SLSA), which assumed Australia Source Light name of Synchrotron is the trading Synchrotron’ ‘Australian Company (ASCo). Synchrotron Australian operator the previous on 1 January 2013 from of the facility operations April 2013. on 12 up as a company wound ASCo was formally the Pty Ltd (ASHCo), which owns Holding Company Synchrotron is Australian the facility entity for The ownership assets. relevant (ANSTO), Organisation and Technology Science Nuclear of the Australian subsidiary SLSA is a wholly-owned ASHCo. with agreement services under an operations the Synchrotron and operates Governance

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

32 | Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014 33 | 55%

10% Principles 4% Access Agreed 26% 5% Funders Australia Committee Synchrotron Light Source OSA Funding Funding Funding Funding Agreement Agreement Agreement Agreement Group CSIRO ASHCo ANSTO Monash University Synchrotron Synchrotron New Zealand New Organisations Administering State State ANSTO ARC SRI SIEF SRP of Victoria NZ Parties Government Funding Parties Funding

ARC Australian Research Council Strategic Research Initiative (ARC SRI), National Health and Medical Research Council Research and Medical (ARC SRI), National Health Initiative Research Council Strategic Research Australian $55M universities, (NHMRC), and Australian and Innovation), Business Development, State the Department (managed through of Victoria Government State $26M (SIEF SRP), $10M Program Research Special Fund Endowment and Industry Science universities government, of the federal a consortium Ltd representing Group Zealand Synchrotron The New and research institutes, $5M institutes, and research $4M ANSTO,

NHMRC • • • • • Universities of Understanding signed a Memorandum parties Government and Victorian 2012, Commonwealth In March Australian at the costs research and support operating $100 million to deliver to a framework that provided 30 June 2016. to years the four for Synchrotron schemes are: funding and relevant The funding parties

August 2013 saw the end of the Foundation Investor arrangement that played a critical role in the first years of the years in the first role a critical that played arrangement Investor 2013 saw the end of the Foundation August CSIRO, Monash University, – AAMRI, ANSTO, Investors thank our Foundation sincerely We development. facility’s four and the of Victoria Government State Limited, Group Zealand Synchrotron of Melbourne, New The University – for Australia and Western University, Trobe AUSyn14, Queensland, South Australia/La representing consortia as it has. thrived not have would Synchrotron the Australian and support, without which their additional investment (outlined below), contributions their funding to beamtime in proportion synchrotron granted The funding parties are Investors. the Foundation to beamtime entitlements gave which system the previous replaces model that an access and the share Commitee the Funders organisations, parties, their administering the funding between The relationship of beamtime is set out below. Funding Framework Funding and consulting 61.34% Payroll 61.34% Payroll 5.30% Transfer of assets of assets 5.30% Transfer at nil consideration Expenditure 7.14% Administration 0.94% OHS&E Government-funded beamline access. Other revenue Other revenue beamline access. Government-funded from of $1,007,877 consists of $2,057,024 mainly Synchrotron Australian from surplus funds transferred funding (ASHCo), grant Limited Holding Proprietary Program Access Synchrotron International towards revenue, guesthouse funding, grant (ISAP), NeCTAR and registrations and workshop conference contributions. postdoctoral was made up during the year expenditure Operating benefits salaries and employee of $16,149,797 for and safety health occupational, and $246,627 for spent The amount of $5,153,270 was expenditure. at a world- the facility and maintaining on operating building and including $2,792,894 for standard, class on essential and $1,395,455 expenditure, technical parts. An additional and spare upgrades operating and local support to $1,503,827 was committed scientific development, user access, international development. business activity and relations external $1,880,594 were of the facility costs Administrative and technology information travel, including staff administration. general in the 2014 is available information financial Further Light for Synchrotron statements annual financial on request. (SLSA), available Australia Source 5.71% User support and business development 19.57% Building and Engineering

7.86% Other revenue Income and ANSTO funding and ANSTO 3.53% Commercial revenue 86.74% Commonwealth, 86.74% Commonwealth, State Government of Victoria, of Victoria, Government State New Zealand Synchrotron Group Group Zealand Synchrotron New 1.87% Interest 1.87% Interest revenue available for operations in the 2014-15 and 2015-16 in the 2014-15 and 2015-16 operations for available years. financial of $26,156,570 revenue is on total result This year’s which includes of $26,329,570, expenditure and total Australian to transferred $1,395,455 of assets Limited Holding Company Proprietary Synchrotron consideration. zero (ASHCo) for the funding was from of revenue The main source $22,687,398. In parties (see page 33) comprising in was also received addition $13,948,069 of revenue of financial the statement into and allocated advance Commercial in advance. position as a contribution NSW $456,521 for of $922,120 includes revenue of $173, 000 due to certain grant revenue having having revenue grant certain of $173, 000 due to year, in the previous and recognised been received $0.995 million is this meant that an additional The Australian Synchrotron continued to deliver deliver to continued Synchrotron The Australian Financial Statements Financial Foundation to scientific achievements strong scientific funding parties and the wider Investors, during the 2013-14 communities and commercial year. financial above in other revenue saw an increase The year in and an underspend budget of $1.004 million of $164, 000. With an offset expenditure operating

Australian Synchrotron Annual Report 2014

34 | This report is a public document and can be downloaded here: http://www.synchrotron.org.au/news/publications/annual-report