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The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction

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The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Digital Commons at Buffalo State Forensic Science Master's Projects Chemistry Department 7-2020 The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction Breanne Steimle State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College, [email protected] Advisor Douglas Ridolfi First Reader Douglas Ridolfi Second Reader Joonyeong Kim, PhD. Third Reader Jinseok Heo, PhD. Recommended Citation Steimle, Breanne, "The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction" (2020). Forensic Science Master's Projects. 2. https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/forensic_science_projects/2 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/forensic_science_projects Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Commons, Biological and Chemical Physics Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Forensic Science and Technology Commons, Laboratory and Basic Science Research Commons, Organic Chemistry Commons, Physical Chemistry Commons, and the Science and Technology Studies Commons 1 The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction by Breanne R. Steimle Chemistry B.S., Forensic Science M.S. Candidate A Project Report in Forensic Science Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Spring 2020 Buffalo State College State University of New York 2 Abstract Within the field of forensic science, there are limited reliable methods for the simulation of pattern injuries on human skin and tissue that may aid in aspects of crime scene reconstruction. The tissue simulant must be of sufficient integrity for recording blunt force trauma and bite mark impressions, electrocution, cutting, and gunshot wound related injuries for the purpose of re-enactment, court exhibition, and distance determination. For wound reenactments (such as blunt force trauma, bite mark impressions and electrocution), dead skin and tissue from human cadavers do not show wounding patterns that would occur on live tissue. This study examines different tissue simulants for the recreation of wound patterns without the use of live animals. For each wound reenactment, tissue simulants (such as ballistic soap, ordnance gelatin and “ballistic dummies”) were penetrated and wound patterns were formed and were analyzed in detail. Penetration depth, as well as the path shape, were analyzed for both stabbings and gunshot wounds. For the electrocution wound pattern, a Taser was tested on ballistic soap. Photography was used to document findings with the various tissue simulants. In this research, comparison and stereo microscopes were also used to observe the different wound patterns in detail and compare the weapon used to the wound it formed. The wound patterns were also compared with patterns observed during other injury simulations, found in the literature on human remains to determine which simulant was the most ideal for recreating several types of wound patterns. This is a means by which the events of a crime can be visualized and validated and then be brought before a jury to help understand how a pattern injury occurred. This research provides insight to the area that is relatively unexplored in crime scene reconstruction by helping to identify the type of injury and weapon, based on the appearance of wounds. 3 Keywords: Tissue simulants, wounds, wound patterns, sharp force, ballistics, blunt force, reconstruction, electrocution, bite mark, analysis, cause of death Research question: Can different types of tissue simulants recreate the appearance of wounds (e.g. gunshot, stabbings, electrocution, bite marks, and blunt force) that are accurately comparable to human tissue trauma? 4 The Recreation of Wound Patterns Using Various Tissue Simulants for Crime Scene Reconstruction by Breanne R. Steimle Chemistry B.S., Forensic Science M.S. Candidate Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Fall 2019 Dates of Approval: _______________ _____________________________________________ Douglas Ridolfi Forensic Chemistry Coordinator Chairperson of the Committee Project Advisor _______________ _____________________________________________ Kimberly Bagley, PhD. Chair and Professor of the Chemistry Department _______________ _____________________________________________ Kevin J. Miller, Ed.D. Dean of the Graduate School 5 PROJECT COMMITTEE SIGNATORY Dates of Approval: _______________ _____________________________________________ Douglas Ridolfi Forensic Chemistry Coordinator Project Advisor _______________ _____________________________________________ Joonyeong Kim, PhD. Associate Professor of the Chemistry Department _______________ _____________________________________________ Jinseok Heo, PhD. Associate Professor of the Chemistry Department 6 Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge various people who have assisted me as I have worked on this Master’s project. First, to my family, friends, and colleges at SUNY Buffalo State college, who have helped me through the struggles and given guidance on both the research and the writing process of this project report. I would like to acknowledge the shooters that fired the handguns throughout the ballistics study; Cliff Schlemmer of Wolcott, NY and Retired Detective Mickey Byrnes of Mastic, NY. Without their help I would have unable to complete the ballistics wound pattern study. I wish to acknowledge the graduate school of SUNY Buffalo State college and the Forensic Science Master’s program for the opportunity to enhance my knowledge about the field. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Kim and Dr. Heo for assistance when needed throughout this research and project report. Most importantly, I would also like to thank my Master’s project advisor, Professor Douglas Ridolfi for developing this project and providing me the opportunity to embark on this project. Completing this project research and project report was not an easy task and I have really appreciated his support, experience, and expertise. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 2 PROJECT COMMITTEE SIGNATORY .................................................................................... 4 AKNOWLEDGRMENTS .............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................... 21 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 39 BALLISTIC WOUND PATTERNS ..................................................................................................... 39 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 39 Procedure of Pig Skin and White T-shirt attached to Cardboard Panel ................................ 42 Results of Pig Skin and White T-shirt attached to Cardboard Panel ..................................... 45 Discussion of Pig Skin and White T-shirt attached to Cardboard Panel ............................... 53 Procedure of Different Media ................................................................................................ 58 Results of Different Media ...................................................................................................... 64 Discussion of Different Media ................................................................................................ 87 CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 96 BITE MARK WOUND PATTERNS ................................................................................................... 96 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 96 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 100 Results .................................................................................................................................. 105 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 112 CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................... 119 BLUNT FORCE WOUND PATTERNS .............................................................................................. 119 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 119 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 122 Results .................................................................................................................................. 124 Discussion ...........................................................................................................................
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