DOCSLIB.ORG

Revolutionary Networks. Women's Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revolutionary Networks. Women's Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957) Edinburgh Research Explorer Revolutionary Networks. Women's Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957) Citation for published version: Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'Revolutionary Networks. Women's Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957)', Ph.D., Universiteit Utrecht. <http://www.uu.nl/faculty/humanities/EN/Current/agenda/Pages/20120914-promotie-bonfiglioli.aspx> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publisher Rights Statement: © Bonfiglioli, C. (2012). Revolutionary Networks. Women's Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957) Utrecht University (PhD dissertation) General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKS Women’s Political and Social Activism in Cold War Italy and Yugoslavia (1945-1957) REVOLUTIONAIRE NETWERKEN Politieke en Sociaal Activisme van Vrouwen in Italie en Joegoslavie tijdens de Koude Oorlog (1945-1957) (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 14 september 2012 des middags te 12.45 uur door Chiara Bonfiglioli geboren op 24 januari 1983 te Bologna, Italie Promotor: Prof. dr. R. Braidotti A mia nonna Linda, Una ragazza degli anni Quaranta To my grandmother Linda, A girl of the 1940s Contents Acknowledgements. .9 Introduction. .12 Chapter 1 Theoretical and methodological framework of the research. 22 Introduction. 22 1 Women’s history in Italy, Yugoslavia and the Italo-Yugoslav border area. 24 1.1 Temporalities: the antifascist foremothers and the feminist generation. 24 1.2 Women’s political history across time and across national borders. 27 2 Women’s history during the Cold War: uncovering agency . 30 3 Trans-European feminist genealogies: challenging the East-West divide. 33 4 Reading the cultural Cold War through a gender lens. 36 5 Cold War Orientalism and post-Cold War ethnography. 37 6 Research methodology . 40 6.1 Designing a research method . 41 6.2 Visits to archives in Italy and the former Yugoslavia . 43 6.3 Archival sources . 46 6.4 Autobiographies, biographies and oral history interviews. 49 6.5 Lost and found in translation: language and narrative. 52 6.6 Across Europe: traveling locations. 53 6.7 Across generations: subjectivity and agency. 55 Chapter 2 Women’s antifascist Resistance in Italy and Yugoslavia . 60 Introduction. 60 1 The Second World War in Italy and Yugoslavia. 6. 2 1.1 The beginnings of the antifascist struggle. 62 1.2 Italian and Yugoslav women’s encounters across borders during the war. 65 2 The foundation of the afž and the udi during the antifascist Resistance. .68 2.1 Women’s resistance in Yugoslavia: the Antifascist Women’s Front (afž). 6. 9 2.2 Women’s resistance in Italy: the Groups for the Defense of Women (gdd) and the Union of Italian Women (udi). 72 3 Assessing the impact of women’s participation in the Resistance. 76 3.1 Images of female fighters in Yugoslavia and Italy. 77 3.2 Motherhood, “women” and femininity as consensual signifiers. .79 3.3 Beyond representation: women’s agency in feminist historiography. 82 Conclusion . 85 Chapter 3 The afž, the udi and the task of postwar reconstruction . 87 Introduction . 87 1 Women’s social work of national reconstruction . 89 1.1 The first postwar afž congress (Belgrade, June 1945). 91 1.2 The first postwar udi Congress (Florence, October 1945) . 93 1 .3 udi and afž engagements in social work in the postwar years . 96 1.4 The paradigm of social motherhood after 1945. 98 2 The 1946 Italian and Yugoslav Constitutions: formulating women’s rights . 100 2.1 Overcoming women’s inferiority as a legacy of previous regimes. 100 2.2 Women’s equality as citizens and workers, women’s difference as mothers. 101 2.3 Women’s equality as a “prize” or as a “natural outcome” of the Resistance. 104 3 The pedagogic character of antifascist women’s organizations. 106 3.1 The udi and the afž as avant-gardes: educating the feminine masses. 106 3.2 “Wearing trousers”: udi and afž leaders rejecting “work among women”. 109 Conclusion. 111 Chapter 4 Women’s internationalism after 1945. 113 Introduction. 113 1 The Women’s International Democratic Federation (widf) . 117 1.1 The widf founding congress (November 1945, Paris) and the initial activities of the widf . 118 2 Transnational encounters in the postwar period: the Yugoslav example. 123 2.1 Yugoslav women’s international recognition and the claim over Trieste. 124 2.2 Italian women abroad: the uncoupling of Italian identity from Fascism. 128 2.3 The ambivalence of the Yugoslav model for Italian militants. 131 3 The Italo-Yugoslav border area as a microcosm of Cold War battles. 135 3.1 For a Yugoslav Trieste: the Union of Italo-Slovene Antifascist Women (udais).136 3.2 “Let’s learn how to talk”: women’s class-based activism in a multi-ethnic city. 142 Conclusion. 147 Chapter 5 From comrades to traitors: the Cominform Resolution of 1948. 149 Introduction. 149 1 The Soviet-Yugoslav split and its consequences on women’s internationalism. 151 1.1 The First and Second Cominform Resolutions (June 1948 – November 1949). 151 1.2 The isolation of Yugoslav delegates at the Women’s International Exhibition .155 1.3 “Sisterhood was no longer innocent”: the second widf Congress in Budapest. 159 1.4 The break of udi-afž relations and the exclusion of the afž from the widf. 163 2 Intra-communist wars in Yugoslavia, Italy and the Italo-Yugoslav border area. 170 2.1 The making of Yugoslav “Cominformists” . 170 2.2 Enemy making: The afž and the udi amidst Cold War struggles. 174 2.3 The effects of the Cominform Resolution in the Italo-Yugoslav border area. 179 Conclusion. 183 Chapter 6 Into the field: the afž, the udi and the practice of emancipation . .186 Introduction. 186 1 The afž in the early Cold War era . 189 1 .1 afž campaigns in 1948–1953: women’s equality as a modernization project . 189 1.2 From darkness to enlightenment: the campaign against feređže. 192 1.3 Feminist historiography and the dissolution of the afž in 1953 . 196 1.4 The women’s question as a social question: the iv and last afž Congress. 199 2 The udi in the early Cold War era. 205 2 .1 udi campaigns in 1948-53: class conflicts and solidarity networks. 205 2.2 Peasant movements in Southern Italy: a “woman with no name”. 208 2.3 The udi support of of war rape victims in Cassino province . 211 2.4 Feminist historiography and the debate on the autonomy of the udi . 214 Conclusion. 220 Chapter 7 After 1956: national ways to women’s emancipation . 224 1 The impact of 1956 on Italian and Yugoslav women’s organizations. 228 1.1 A new climate within the udi: redefining emancipation and autonomy . 228 1.2 Critical observers: Yugoslav sdž leaders and the widf. 232 2 Women’s internationalism and its discontents. 235 2.1 The widf and the geopolitical crises of 1956 in Suez and Hungary . 235 2.2 Contesting Soviet hegemony: the widf Helsinki Plenum . 237 2.3 The 1957 Ljubljana meeting between Italian and Yugoslav leaders. 241 2.4 Women’s questions: autonomy, contraception and abortion . 246 3 The difficult reconciliation in the Italo-Yugoslav border area . 249 Conclusion. 252 Concluding remarks and suggestions for future research. 255 1 Women’s transnational activism in Cold War Europe . 256 2 Gendering Cold War politics. 261 3 Post-Cold War feminist narratives. 263 List of abbreviations . 267 Bibliography . 269 Summary . .289 Samenvatting . .292 Biography . 296 Acknowledgements Writing a doctoral dissertation is definitely more about the journey than about the destination. Although I am solely responsible for the final contents of the disserta- tion, and thus for its destination, I would like to thank the many fellow travelers who made this journey possible. First of all, I am immensely grateful to the extraordinary women who agreed to be interviewed and to share with me their personal stories. A heartfelt thank you to Gordana Bosanac, Marisa Rodano, Ester Pacor, Luciana Viviani and Vinka Kitarović, whose storytelling allowed me to travel in time and to under- stand the degree of political passion involved in women’s politics. I am immensely grateful to my PhD supervisor Rosi Braidotti. Your generosity, energy and deeply inspiring intellectual support sustained me along the way. Thank you for believing in this project from the start – even when it wasn’t there yet – and for encouraging me to be open to discoveries, while at the same time keeping in check my Pindaric flights with a healthy dose of realism. Theogc Institute at Utrecht University provided me with generous financial and educational support, for which I am deeply grateful. Thank you to José van Aelst for her warm support. The Graduate Gender Programme has been a wonderful academic community, both for a master student and a PhD researcher.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Note Alla Fine Del Secolo
    Note alla fine del secolo - Aldo Garzia, 20.06.2017 Saggi. Tra pubblico e privato. «Diari 1988-1994» di Bruno Trentin per le Edizioni Ediesse Non dev’essere stato facile per Marcelle Marie Padovani, storica corrispondente del Nouvel Observateur, decidere di dare via libera alla pubblicazione dei diari di suo marito Bruno Trentin (Pavie 1926-Roma 2007). La scrittura diaristica è infatti per definizione intimista, una sorta di dialogo solitario con se stessi quasi psicanalitico. In più, può svelare tratti dell’autore che stridono con il suo personaggio pubblico, nel caso di Trentin una figura di assoluto prestigio del sindacalismo e della politica europei: giovanissimo partigiano, deputato comunista già nel 1963, poi segretario della Fiom, poi ancora segretario negli anni cruciali 1988-1994 della Cgil e infine per una legislatura parlamentare europeo. Il nome di Trentin è dunque stato legato per decenni alle vicende della Cgil, dove lo aveva chiamato Vittorio Foa all’Ufficio studi nel 1950, animandone l’azione e l’elaborazione. Proprio la forma diaristica dei testi contenuti in Diari 1988-1994 (a cura di Iginio Ariemma, pp. 510, euro 22, edizioni Ediesse) può farli apparire crudi nella forma e nei giudizi che contengono su protagonisti e passaggi della storia della sinistra. Valutazioni lapidarie e più o meno critiche sono riservate a tanti protagonisti di quegli anni, tra cui Pierre Carniti, Luciano Lama, Pietro Ingrao, Rossana Rossanda, Achille Occhetto, Massimo D’Alema, Fausto Bertinotti (a dividerlo verso quest’ultimo ci sono oltre ai rilevanti dissensi politici e di pratica sindacale le diversità di temperamento e di comportamento che lo irritano particolarmente).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Proposal for the Phd Program in Comparative History An
    Research proposal for the PhD program in Comparative History An Intellectual, Organizational and Transnational History of Feminism in Interwar Yugoslavia (1918-1941) While recently there has been an increase in the interest in the history of women’s organizations and practices and the intellectual history of feminism in the period of socialist Yugoslavia (Chiara Bonfiglioli, Zsofia Lorand, Ivana Pantelić), as well as in the history of feminism and women’s writing in Serbia before World War I (Ana Stolić, Biljana Dojčinović, Ana Kolarić), disproportionally little has been written about feminist ideas and practices in interwar Yugoslavia. The image of the feminist project in interwar Yugoslavia has been so far embedded into state- socialist narratives and largely shaped by concerns about the workers’ movements. Moreover, feminist historians in the 1980s and 1990s have been mostly preoccupied with the previous, socialist interpretation and have not tackled many of the complexities of the interwar period, such as, probably the most obvious, multiple identity building projects in Yugoslavia. By looking at numerous publications written by Yugoslav women, I as well as the work of various women’s organizations, the aim of my proposed research is to explore feminist ideas and practices in interwar Yugoslavia and to understand what the concept of feminism meant and how it was used in this historical context. Historians often characterize Yugoslav interwar women’s movements and practices simply as “conservative,” “socialist” and “liberal.” I intend to examine this division by investigating these currents of thought in Yugoslavia up to the beginning of World War II, with a special focus on the collaboration between the established “liberal” organization Ženski pokret [The Women’s Movement] and young women from the Yugoslav Communist Party who joined Ženski pokret from 1935, during the Popular Front.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Truth': Representations of Intercultural 'Translations'
    eScholarship California Italian Studies Title Sleights of Hand: Black Skin and Curzio Malaparte's La pelle Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xr9d2gm Journal California Italian Studies, 3(1) Author Escolar, Marisa Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.5070/C331012084 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Sleights of Hand: Black Fingers and Curzio Malaparte’s La pelle Marisa Escolar La pelle [1949], written towards the end of Curzio Malaparte’s rather colorful political career,1 has long been used as a litmus test for its author, helping critics confirm their belief in a range of divergent and often contradictory interpretations. At one end of the spectrum is the view that he was an unscrupulous “chameleon” who distorted the reality of the Allies’ Liberation of Italy to suit his own interests.2 At the other is the claim that he was a true artist whose representations of the horrors of war absorb historical details into what is a consummately literary work.3 In other words, La pelle has been read either as a vulgar deformation or a poetic transcendence of the historical moment it purports to represent.4 And yet Malaparte’s narrative of the myriad social transformations following the Armistice actually combines concrete historical events (the Allies’ arrival in Naples and in Rome, the eruption of Vesuvius on March 22, 1944, and the battle of 1 Malaparte, born Kurt Erich Suckert, joined the Partito Nazionale Fascista in September 1922 and resigned in January, 1931 just before moving to France. Upon his return to Italy in October 1931, he was expelled from the party (despite having already left it) and sentenced to political exile on Lipari for five years of which he served less than two (Martellini Opere scelte xcii-xciv).
    [Show full text]
  • Interests, Preferences, and Center-Left Party Politics in Corporate Governance Reform
    Interests, Preferences, and Center-Left Party Politics in Corporate Governance Reform John W. Cioffi* and Martin Höpner** (Published in: Politics & Society 34, 4, 463-502. Page numbers of the orginal text are marked with (here starts p. xxx)) John W. Cioffi ([email protected]), J.D., Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Riverside. His research explores the relationships between law and political economy and focuses on the politics of corporate governance reform in Europe and the United States from the 1980s to the present. His publications include: “Revenge of the Law?: Securities Litigation Reform and Sarbanes-Oxley’s Structural Regulation of Corporate Governance,” in Martin Levin, Martin Shapiro, and Mark Landy (eds.), Creating Competitive Markets: The Politics and Economics of Regulatory Reform (Brookings Institution Press, 2006); “Building Finance Capitalism: The Regulatory Politics of Corporate Governance Reform in the United States and Germany,” in Jonah D. Levy (ed.), The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Globalization and Liberalization (Harvard University Press, 2006); “Corporate Governance Reform, Regulatory Politics, and the Foundations of Finance Capitalism in the United States and Germany,” German Law Journal (2006); “The State of the Corporation: State Power, Politics, Policymaking and Corporate Governance in the United States, Germany, and France,” in Martin Shapiro and Martin Levin (eds.), Transatlantic Policymaking in an Age of Austerity (Georgetown University Press, 2004); “Restructuring ‘Germany, Inc.’: The Corporate Governance Debate and the Politics of Company Law Reform,” Law & Policy, (2002). Martin Höpner ([email protected]), Ph.D., is a political scientists and researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • “Marocchinate” Denunciano La Francia. Andrea Cionci
    Le vittime delle “marocchinate” denunciano la Francia. Andrea Cionci Furono 300.000 gli stupri di donne, uomini e bambini italiani compiuti dal 1943 al ‘44 dalle truppe coloniali del Corp Expeditionnaire Français. Quella pagina si storia di riapre. Reparto di goumiers marocchini accampati Il nostro giornale lo aveva annunciato il 6 marzo scorso e l’Associazione Vittime delle Marocchinate presieduta da Emiliano Ciotti ha depositato, tramite lo studio legale dell’Avv. Luciano Randazzo, formale denuncia contro la Francia per le atrocità compiute dalle truppe coloniali francesi ai danni dei civili italiani durante l’ultima guerra. L’atto è stato presentato presso la Procure di Frosinone e Latina, presso la Procura Militare di Roma, il Comando Generale dei Carabinieri e l’Ambasciata di Francia. Furono 300.000 gli stupri di donne, uomini e bambini italiani compiuti dal 1943 al ‘44 dalle truppe coloniali del Cef (Corp Expeditionnaire Français) costituito per il 60% da marocchini, algerini e senegalesi e per il restante da francesi europei, per un totale di 111.380 uomini. A tali violenze seguirono spesso torture inimmaginabili e brutali omicidi, sia delle vittime, sia di tutti coloro che tentavano di opporvisi. Furono poi moltissimi i casi di malattie e infezioni veneree tanto da costituire una vera e propria emergenza sanitaria, come risulta dall’interpellanza parlamentare della deputata comunista Maria Maddalena Rossi dell’aprile 1952. La prime violenze si verificarono dopo lo sbarco in Sicilia, dove i magrebini del 4° tabor stuprarono donne e bambini presso Capizzi. Dopo lo sfondamento della Linea Gustav, in Ciociaria si toccò il culmine dell’aberrazione, ma le violenze proseguirono fino in Toscana.
    [Show full text]
  • ICRC President in Italy…
    INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS ICRC President in Italy... The President of the ICRC, Mr. Alexandre Hay, was in Italy from 15 to 20 June for an official visit. He was accompanied by Mr. Sergio Nessi, head of the Financing Division, and Mr. Melchior Borsinger, delegate-general for Europe and North America. The purpose of the visit was to contact the Italian authorities, to give them a detailed account of the ICRC role and function and to obtain greater moral and material support from them. The first day of the visit was mainly devoted to discussions with the leaders of the National Red Cross Society and a tour of the Society's principal installations. On the same day Mr. Hay was received by the President of the Republic, Mr. Sandro Pertini. Other discussions with government officials enabled the ICRC delegation to explain all aspects of current ICRC activities throughout the world. Mr. Hay's interlocutors were Mr. Filippo Maria Pandolfi, Minister of Finance; Mr. Aldo Aniasi, Minister of Health; Mrs. Nilde Iotti, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies; Mr. Amintore Fanfani, President of the Senate; Mr. Paulo Emilio Taviani, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies' Foreign Affairs Commission and Mr. Giulio Andreotti, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission. Discussions were held also with the leaders of the Italian main political parties. On 20 June President Hay, Mr. Nessi and Mr. Borsinger were received in audience by H.H. Pope John-Paul II, after conferring with H.E. Cardinal Casaroli, the Vatican Secretary of State, and H.E. Cardinal Gantin, Chairman of the "Cor Unum" Pontifical Council and of the pontifical Justice and Peace Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • And Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900
    The “Betrayed Resistance” in Valentino Orsini’s Corbari (1970) and Bernardo Bertolucci’s 1900 (1976) Dominic Gavin The connections between Italian film and history have been the object of renewed attention in recent years. A number of studies have provided re-readings of Italian cinema, especially from the perspective of public memory. Charting the interrelations of cinema, the public use of history, and historiography, these studies include reevaluations of the cinema of the Resistance, the war film, the Holocaust and the Fascist dictatorship.1 The ongoing debates over Resistance memory in particular—the “never-ending liberation,” in the words of one historian—have provided a motive for reconsidering popular cultural productions as vehicles of collective perceptions of the past.2 If Italian film studies came relatively late to the issues of cinema and public memory, this approach has now become mainstream.3 In this essay, I am concerned with films on the Resistance during the 1970s. These belong to a wider grouping of contemporary cinematic productions that deal with the Fascist dictatorship and antifascism. These films raise a series of critical questions. How did the general film field contribute to the wider processing of historical memory, and how did it relate to political violence in Italy?4 To what extent did the work of Italian filmmakers participate in the “new discourse” of international cinema in the 1970s concerning the treatment of Nazism and the occupation,5 or to what extent were filmmakers engaged in reaffirming populist
    [Show full text]
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia: a Region for Everyone
    EN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA: A REGION FOR EVERYONE ACCESSIBLE TOURISM AN ACCESSIBLE REGION In 2012 PromoTurismoFVG started to look into the tourist potential of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region to become “a region for everyone”. Hence the natural collaboration with the Regional Committee for Disabled People and their Families of Friuli Venezia Giulia, an organization recognized by Regional law as representing the interests of people with disabilities on the territory, the technical service of the Council CRIBA FVG (Regional Information Centre on Architectural Barriers) and the Tetra- Paraplegic Association of FVG, in order to offer experiences truly accessible to everyone as they have been checked out and experienced by people with different disabilities. The main goal of the project is to identify and overcome not only architectural or sensory barriers but also informative and cultural ones from the sea to the mountains, from the cities to the splendid natural areas, from culture to food and wine, with the aim of making the guests true guests, whatever their needs. In this brochure, there are some suggestions for tourist experiences and accessible NATURE, ART, SEA, receptive structures in FVG. Further information and technical details on MOUNTAIN, FOOD our website www.turismofvg.it in the section AND WINE “An Accessible Region” ART AND CULTURE 94. Accessible routes in the art city 106. Top museums 117. Accessible routes in the most beautiful villages in Italy 124. Historical residences SEA 8. Lignano Sabbiadoro 16. Grado 24. Trieste MOUNTAIN 38. Winter mountains 40. Summer mountains NATURE 70. Nature areas 80. Gardens and theme parks 86. On horseback or donkey 90.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Italy's Past Through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and Tv
    INVESTIGATING ITALY’S PAST THROUGH HISTORICAL CRIME FICTION, FILMS, AND TV SERIES Murder in the Age of Chaos B P ITALIAN AND ITALIAN AMERICAN STUDIES AND ITALIAN ITALIAN Italian and Italian American Studies Series Editor Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Hempstead , New York, USA Aims of the Series This series brings the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of spe- cialists, general readers, and students. Featuring works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices, it has been a longstanding force in shaping the evolving fi elds of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing their connection to one another. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14835 Barbara Pezzotti Investigating Italy’s Past through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and TV Series Murder in the Age of Chaos Barbara Pezzotti Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Italian and Italian American Studies ISBN 978-1-137-60310-4 ISBN 978-1-349-94908-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94908-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948747 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's and Gender History in Central Eastern Europe, 18Th to 20Th Centuries
    Forthcoming in: Irina Livezeanu, Arpad von Klimo (eds), The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700 (Routledge 2015) Women‘s and Gender History1 Krassimira Daskalova and Susan Zimmermann Since the 1980s, historians working on East Central Europe, as on other parts of the world, have shown that historical experience has been deeply gendered. This chapter focuses on the modern history of women, and on gender as a category of analysis which helps to make visible and critically interrogate ―the social organization of sexual difference‖2. The new history of women and gender has established, as we hope to demonstrate in this contribution, a number of key insights. First, gender relations are intimately related to power relations. Gender, alongside dominant and non-dominant sexualities, has been invoked persistently to produce or justify asymmetrical and hierarchical arrangements in society and culture as a whole, to restrict the access of women and people identifying with non-normative sexualities to material and cultural goods, and to devalue and marginalize their ways of life. Second, throughout history both equality and difference between women and men have typically resulted in disadvantage for women. Men and women have generally engaged in different socio-cultural, political and economic activities, and this gender-based division of labor, which has itself been subject to historical change, has tended to put women in an inferior position. Even when women and men appeared as equals in one sphere of life, this perceived equality often resulted in drawbacks or an increased burden for women in another area and women‘s contribution was still devalued as compared to men‘s.
    [Show full text]
  • Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Capano, Fabio, "Between the Local and the National: The Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianita," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5312. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5312 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Between the Local and the National: the Free Territory of Trieste, "Italianità," and the Politics of Identity from the Second World War to the Osimo Treaty Fabio Capano Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Modern Europe Joshua Arthurs, Ph.D., Co-Chair Robert Blobaum, Ph.D., Co-Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pagine Utili 2015 2016
    a cura di COME, DOVE E PERCHÉ AFFIDARSI ALLE COOPERATIVE DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA 2015-2016 2 Il salto di qualità con Legacoop! CONVENZIONE LEGACOOP - UNIPOLSAI VOGLIAMO ESSERE OGNI GIORNO ACCANTO A TE PER OFFRIRTI: Soluzioni innovative Tariffe scontate Garanzie esclusive Servizi aggiuntivi gratuiti Scopri i vantaggi esclusivi previsti dalla Convenzione per i Soci e i loro familiari presso le Sedi LEGACOOP e le Agenzie UnipolSai Assicurazioni. Messaggio pubblicitario. Prima della sottoscrizione leggere il Fascicolo Informativo da richiedere in agenzia e agli intermediari autorizzati e consultabile sul sito internet www.unipolsai.it 3 COME, DOVE E PERCHÉ AFFIDARSI ALLE COOPERATIVE DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA INDICE PER categoria 2 INDUSTRIA AGROALIMENTARE abbigliamento3 - p. 47 arredamento - p. 47 carpenteria - p. 47-48 costruzioni - p. 49-53 imballaggi - p. 53 impianti - p. 53-54 macello - p. 54 allevamento -1 p. 31 manifatturiero - p. 54 commercializzazione, conferimento progettazione - p. 55 e servizi all’agricoltura - p. 31-34 servizi all’industria - p. 55 lattiero caseario - p. 34-35 produzione agricola - p. 35 selvicoltura, forestazione e ambiente - p. 36-38 viticoltura - p. 38-39 PESCA acquacoltura - p.2 43-44 pesca - p. 44 servizi al settore ittico - p. 44-45 INDICE PER categoria 3 I Z I V SER assistenza5 - p. 63 comunicazione ed editoria - p. 63-65 contrattazioni commerciali - p. 66 cultura - p. 66-72 cure dentali - p. 72 facility - p. 74 gestione appalti - p. 75 gestione risorse umane - p. 75 informatica - p. 75 istruzione e formazione - p. 76 locazione - p. 78 logistica, facchinaggio e trasporto - p. 78-80 prodotti equo solidali - p. 81 ristorazione e accoglienza - p.
    [Show full text]