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African Americans in Public Service Vingour U O G N I Rv E S Serving our Country Serving our Communities 2010 Aetna African American History Calendar African Americans in Public Service S e rv i n g o u r Thousands of African American men and women have entered the United States military for the love of their country. While many have made great sacrifices along the way, their involvement in the military helped shape their passion and commitment to public service. This calendar celebrates 13 remarkable men and women who have dedicated their lives to caring for others – either while serving their country or working in their communities. Those individuals include twin doctors and Army reservists Vince and Vance Moss. Together, they took a gamble and traveled unarmed to Afghanistan to provide much-needed medical care to civilians. Similarly, retired military doctor Jeannette South-Paul has committed to providing medical treatment to the underserved because she grew up caring for the homeless and saw firsthand their desperate need for quality health care. COMMUNITIESC o u n t r y Oftentimes, the military provides an opportunity for individuals to channel their energy into greater good. Past limitations are gently cast aside and replaced with courage, determination and future aspirations. Mentors, such as retired U.S. Army Brigadier General Clara Adams-Ender, give college students hope by guiding them through the education process. Serving our country with honor and distinction is a calling. While it takes much effort and enthusiasm, it is this lifelong commitment to public service that continues to build the strength of our nation and our people. Aetna is pleased to present the 29th annual African American History Calendar, honoring those who have served and continue to serve our country and our communities each and every day. 1867 18211821 1863 Henry McNeal Turner becomes a member U.S. legislators give freed slave Harriet Tubman successfully frees more than 750 slaves of the Georgia Legislature after being 1775 Austin Dabney a 112-acre farm to by leading Union Army troops on a mission to destroy appointed the first African American Minuteman Peter Salem fights honor his heroism and bravery bridges and railroads used by the Confederate Army in chaplain in the Union Army by President in the Battle of Bunker Hill. during the Revolutionary War. Montgomery, Alabama. Abraham Lincoln. A Heroic Transformation: From Military to Community Service By Gail Lumet Buckley Black patriots have been bearing arms for America since the beginning of our the Civil War, and 23 black soldiers won Medals of Honor in the Indian Wars country’s history. Even when they were not treated with the respect and honor and the Spanish-American War. they deserved, black patriots loved, supported and defended their country. In going to war, African Americans believed they could both better their own While there were no African American Medal of Honor recipients in either lives and make their country true to its promise. World War because of racist military policies, the first African American Regiment (New York’s 369th National Guard Regiment) became the most The history that was made on the battlefields by loyal black heroes has been decorated and longest-fighting American unit in World War I and later went carried over into civilian life. From the Revolution onward, black veterans have to the Pacific in World War II. Military service provided a teaching ground for effected change in their communities; usually by means of civic leadership, many soldiers such as William DeFossett, who said: “It taught me how to plan, community service or civil rights activism. how to examine things, when to improve upon them. It taught me about teamwork, physical fitness – pride.” Looking back, the history of African Americans in the military is vast. While there are many sad, unfortunate stories, there are also stories of tremendous Despite military racism, there was one important champion for black service- honor and courage. Black minutemen, slave and free, were at Lexington, Concord men and women in World War II. Eleanor Roosevelt had happily taken it Vietnam officer General Colin Powell rose from the front lines of the Cold War and Bunker Hill. Black oarsmen crossed the Delaware, and black foot soldiers upon herself to encourage the War Department to create the first unit of black in West Germany to become the only lieutenant in his battalion to command starved at Valley Forge. Midway through the Revolution, some 15 percent of fighter pilots – the Tuskegee Airmen – who flew more combat missions than a company. He worked tirelessly to eliminate racism and sexism in the Army. the Continental Army, which George Washington called his “mixed multitude,” any other unit in Europe. Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr., West Point Class of In 1989, General Powell was named chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by was black. All the heroes of the Revolution, white and black, were founders of 1936 (first black graduate in the 20th century) and son of America’s first President George H. W. Bush. He made history by becoming one of the most our nation. Many became community heroes later in their lives, including black general, was its leader. The Tuskegee roster included William Coleman, respected African American leaders in the world. “My blackness has been a ex-Revolutionary powder boy James Forten, who became an important future U.S. Transportation secretary; Percy Sutton, future Manhattan borough source of pride, strength, and inspiration, and so has my being an American,” abolitionist and community leader in Philadelphia. president; Coleman Young, future mayor of Detroit; and Roscoe C. Brown Jr., said General Powell. future New York City college president. In 1820, despite black heroism in the War of 1812, Southern pressure barred The military ethos – one that imposes discipline, skills and values – continues on blacks from military service. Some 40 years later, African Americans were In July 1948, President Harry Truman desegregated the military by Executive in the work of many great African American community service leaders today. welcomed into the Union Army by Abraham Lincoln and began earning Order. Twelve years later, President John F. Kennedy destroyed the last traces As Americans we are meant to give back – whether through military service or Medals of Honor for their exemplary service. of institutionalized military racism. African American servicemen found new community service. Fortunately, those who have chosen the military pathway opportunities in promotions, service schools and civilian communities. It was realize that there is so much more work to be done to effect greater good. So 54th Massachusetts Regiment Sergeant William Carney became a role model just in time for Vietnam – the first war since the Revolution in which black with each heroic transformation they make, we are blessed with new promise for youth and the first African American winner of the new Congressional and white Americans served together from the outset as equals under the and great hope for a better tomorrow. Medal of Honor. Twenty other black servicemen won Medals of Honor in American flag. African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Terry G. Hillard Partner, Hillard Heintze LLC Superintendent, Chicago Police Department (Retired) Sergeant E-5, U.S. Marine Corps (Retired) Chicago, IL Terry G. Hillard has lived his life with one mission: to serve and protect. An oath he first took when he was commissioned as a police officer, Hillard has made it his guiding principle. “To me, the oath wasn’t just words. I really believed in what I was saying, and I continue to believe in it,” he said. Hillard decided to become a police officer after serving in the Marine Corps, during which time he spent 13 months in Vietnam. The assignment opened his eyes to the value of life and the importance of helping others. After serving four years, he was honorably discharged from the military with a new sense of purpose. “I went back to my hometown and joined the Chicago Police Department. The decision was never about me. It was about the greater good I could accomplish through serving my community,” said Hillard. During his 35 years with the Chicago Police Department, Hillard’s dedication and hard work led to numerous recognitions. He earned the Chicago Police Medal after just five years on the force. Later, he became the first African American chief of detectives. He retired from the department in 2003 as superintendent, the highest rank an officer can reach. Now, Hillard is cofounder and partner of Hillard Heintze LLC. He applies what he learned on the police force to generating security solutions for large organizations and events. “The values of law enforcement can be applied to any profession. When you serve others, you’re able to sleep at night and look at yourself in the mirror in the morning,” said Hillard. 1870 Hiram Revels is elected the first African American U.S. senator, replacing Jefferson Davis for the Mississippi seat. Henry O. Flipper becomes the first black to Previously, as a Civil War chaplain, Revels helped raise graduate from the United States Military Academy two black Union regiments and fought in the battle at West Point. of Vicksburg. January 2010 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 1863: Abraham Lincoln issues 1965: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. calls Emancipation Proclamation. for nonviolent protests if Alabama blacks are not allowed to register and vote. New Year’s Day 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1624: William Tucker, first African child born 1971: The Congressional Black Caucus 1943: George Washington Carver, agricultural 1831: The World Anti-Slavery Convention 1890: William B. Purvis patents fountain pen. 1811: Charles Deslondes leads slave revolt 1866: Fisk University founded in in America. organized.
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