Serving our Country Serving our Communities 2010 Aetna African American History Calendar African in Public Service vingour u o g n i rv e S

Thousands of African American men and women have entered the United States military for the love of their country. While many have made great sacrifices along the way, their involvement in the military helped shape their passion and commitment to public service.

This calendar celebrates 13 remarkable men and women who have dedicated their lives to caring for others – either while serving their country or working in their communities.

Those individuals include twin doctors and Army reservists Vince and Vance Moss. Together, they took a gamble and traveled unarmed to Afghanistan to provide much-needed medical care to civilians. Similarly, retired military doctor Jeannette South-Paul has committed to providing medical treatment to the underserved because she grew up caring for the homeless and saw firsthand their desperate need for quality health care. S E I T I N U M M y O r C t n u o C

Oftentimes, the military provides an opportunity for individuals to channel their energy into greater good. Past limitations are gently cast aside and replaced with courage, determination and future aspirations. Mentors, such as retired U.S. Army Brigadier General Clara Adams-Ender, give college students hope by guiding them through the education process.

Serving our country with honor and distinction is a calling. While it takes much effort and enthusiasm, it is this lifelong commitment to public service that continues to build the strength of our nation and our people.

Aetna is pleased to present the 29th annual African American History Calendar, honoring those who have served and continue to serve our country and our communities each and every day.

1867 18211821 1863 Henry McNeal Turner becomes a member U.S. legislators give freed slave Harriet Tubman successfully frees more than 750 slaves of the Georgia Legislature after being 1775 Austin Dabney a 112-acre farm to by leading troops on a mission to destroy appointed the first African American Minuteman Peter Salem fights honor his heroism and bravery bridges and railroads used by the Confederate Army in chaplain in the Union Army by President in the Battle of Bunker Hill. during the Revolutionary War. Montgomery, Alabama. Abraham Lincoln.

A Heroic Transformation: From Military to Community Service

By Gail Lumet Buckley

Black patriots have been bearing arms for America since the beginning of our the Civil War, and 23 black soldiers won Medals of Honor in the Indian Wars country’s history. Even when they were not treated with the respect and honor and the Spanish-American War. they deserved, black patriots loved, supported and defended their country. In going to war, believed they could both better their own While there were no African American Medal of Honor recipients in either lives and make their country true to its promise. World War because of racist military policies, the first African American Regiment (New York’s 369th National Guard Regiment) became the most The history that was made on the battlefields by loyal black heroes has been decorated and longest-fighting American unit in World War I and later went carried over into civilian life. From the Revolution onward, black veterans have to the Pacific in World War II. Military service provided a teaching ground for effected change in their communities; usually by means of civic leadership, many soldiers such as William DeFossett, who said: “It taught me how to plan, community service or civil rights activism. how to examine things, when to improve upon them. It taught me about teamwork, physical fitness – pride.” Looking back, the history of African Americans in the military is vast. While there are many sad, unfortunate stories, there are also stories of tremendous Despite military , there was one important champion for black service- honor and courage. Black minutemen, slave and free, were at Lexington, Concord men and women in World War II. Eleanor Roosevelt had happily taken it Vietnam officer General Colin Powell rose from the front lines of the Cold War and Bunker Hill. Black oarsmen crossed the , and black foot soldiers upon herself to encourage the War Department to create the first unit of black in West Germany to become the only lieutenant in his battalion to command starved at Valley Forge. Midway through the Revolution, some 15 percent of fighter pilots – the Tuskegee Airmen – who flew more combat missions than a company. He worked tirelessly to eliminate racism and in the Army. the Continental Army, which George Washington called his “mixed multitude,” any other unit in Europe. Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr., West Point Class of In 1989, General Powell was named chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by was black. All the heroes of the Revolution, white and black, were founders of 1936 (first black graduate in the 20th century) and son of America’s first President George H. W. Bush. He made history by becoming one of the most our nation. Many became community heroes later in their lives, including black general, was its leader. The Tuskegee roster included William Coleman, respected African American leaders in the world. “My blackness has been a ex-Revolutionary powder boy James Forten, who became an important future U.S. Transportation secretary; Percy Sutton, future Manhattan borough source of pride, strength, and inspiration, and so has my being an American,” abolitionist and community leader in . president; Coleman Young, future mayor of Detroit; and Roscoe C. Brown Jr., said General Powell. future New York City college president. In 1820, despite black heroism in the War of 1812, Southern pressure barred The military ethos – one that imposes discipline, skills and values – continues on blacks from military service. Some 40 years later, African Americans were In July 1948, President Harry Truman desegregated the military by Executive in the work of many great African American community service leaders today. welcomed into the Union Army by Abraham Lincoln and began earning Order. Twelve years later, President John F. Kennedy destroyed the last traces As Americans we are meant to give back – whether through military service or Medals of Honor for their exemplary service. of institutionalized military racism. African American servicemen found new community service. Fortunately, those who have chosen the military pathway opportunities in promotions, service schools and civilian communities. It was realize that there is so much more work to be done to effect greater good. So 54th Regiment Sergeant William Carney became a role model just in time for Vietnam – the first war since the Revolution in which black with each heroic transformation they make, we are blessed with new promise for youth and the first African American winner of the new Congressional and white Americans served together from the outset as equals under the and great hope for a better tomorrow. Medal of Honor. Twenty other black servicemen won Medals of Honor in American flag.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Terry G. Hillard Partner, Hillard Heintze LLC Superintendent, Police Department (Retired) Sergeant E-5, U.S. Marine Corps (Retired) Chicago, IL

Terry G. Hillard has lived his life with one mission: to serve and protect. An oath he first took when he was commissioned as a police officer, Hillard has made it his guiding principle.

“To me, the oath wasn’t just words. I really believed in what I was saying, and I continue to believe in it,” he said.

Hillard decided to become a police officer after serving in the Marine Corps, during which time he spent 13 months in Vietnam. The assignment opened his eyes to the value of life and the importance of helping others. After serving four years, he was honorably discharged from the military with a new sense of purpose.

“I went back to my hometown and joined the Chicago Police Department. The decision was never about me. It was about the greater good I could accomplish through serving my community,” said Hillard.

During his 35 years with the Chicago Police Department, Hillard’s dedication and hard work led to numerous recognitions. He earned the Chicago Police Medal after just five years on the force. Later, he became the first African American chief of detectives. He retired from the department in 2003 as superintendent, the highest rank an officer can reach.

Now, Hillard is cofounder and partner of Hillard Heintze LLC. He applies what he learned on the police force to generating security solutions for large organizations and events.

“The values of law enforcement can be applied to any profession. When you serve others, you’re able to sleep at night and look at yourself in the mirror in the morning,” said Hillard.

1870 Hiram Revels is elected the first African American U.S.  senator, replacing Jefferson Davis for the Mississippi seat. Henry O. Flipper becomes the first black to Previously, as a Civil War chaplain, Revels helped raise graduate from the United States Military Academy two black Union regiments and fought in the battle at West Point. of Vicksburg.

January 2010

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1863: Abraham Lincoln issues 1965: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. calls Emancipation Proclamation. for nonviolent protests if Alabama blacks are not allowed to register and vote. New Year’s Day

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1624: William Tucker, first African child born 1971: The Congressional Black Caucus 1943: George Washington Carver, agricultural 1831: The World Anti- Convention 1890: William B. Purvis patents fountain pen. 1811: Charles Deslondes leads slave revolt 1866: Fisk University founded in in America. organized. scientist and inventor, dies. opens in London. in Louisiana. Nashville, Tennessee.

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1864: George Washington Carver, agricultural 1940: Benjamin O. Davis Sr. becomes U.S. 1948: Supreme Court rules blacks have right 1990: L. Douglas Wilder inaugurated as 1975: William T. Coleman named secretary 1929: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a major 1978: NASA names African American scientist and inventor, born. Army’s first black general. to study law at state institutions. first African American governor () of Transportation. voice for civil rights in the 20th century, born. astronauts Maj. Frederick D. Gregory, since Reconstruction. Maj. Guion S. Bluford Jr. and Dr. Ronald E. McNair.

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1942: Three-time heavyweight boxing 1856: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer heart 1918: John H. Johnson, editor and publisher 2009: Barack H. Obama sworn in as the 44th 1870: Hiram Revels elected first black U.S. 2009: Susan Rice confirmed as U.S. 1891: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams founds champion Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) born. surgeon, born. of Ebony and Jet magazines, born. president of the United States of America, senator, replacing Jefferson Davis for the ambassador to the United Nations, becoming Provident Hospital in Chicago, the first becoming the first African American to hold Mississippi seat. the first African American woman to represent training hospital for black doctors and Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s the office of U.S. commander-in-chief. the nation before the world in this capacity. nurses in the U.S. Birthday Observed

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1865: Congress passes 13th Amendment, 1851: addresses first Black 1954: Dr. Theodore K. Lawless, dermatologist, 1961: Leontyne Price, world-renowned opera 1998: Sarah “Madam C.J.” Walker, first 1926: Violette Neatly Anderson becomes first 1844: Richard Theodore Greener, first black which, on ratification, abolishes slavery. Women’s Rights Convention, Akron, Ohio. awarded the Spingarn Medal for research in singer, makes her Metropolitan Opera debut. black female millionaire, honored on U.S. black woman lawyer to argue a case before to graduate from Harvard, born. skin-related diseases. postage stamp. the Supreme Court.

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2006: Coretta Scott King, widow of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who enshrined his legacy of human rights and equality, dies.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Irene Trowell-Harris R.N., Ed.D. Director, Center for Women Veterans Office of the Secretary Major General, U.S. Air Force (Retired) Washington, DC

In the early 1950s, 13-year-old Irene Trowell-Harris was working in a field near her South Carolina home when a plane flew overhead. She looked toward the sky and said to her 10 siblings: “One day I’m going to be up there working on an airplane.”

“We all laughed,” Trowell-Harris said. “We knew that it was an impossible dream for a minority female.”

Ten years later, Trowell-Harris proudly pinned on her silver wings. Through hard work, determination and tenacity, she had made it from the fields of the South through nursing school and into the U.S. Air Force/Air National Guard (ANG) as a flight nurse.

“I always knew I wanted to help people and serve my country,” said Trowell-Harris. “The military helped me realize my dream to fly. It offered me many challenging opportunities.”

When Trowell-Harris retired from the Air Force/ANG after more than 38 years of service, she had achieved the high rank of two-star major general. Today, she is serving her country in a new way. She advocates for women veterans’ rights as the director of the Center for Women Veterans, Office of the Secretary.

“My wish to make positive social changes requires vigilance and persistence,” she said. “There is so much work to be done in society. I want to be a part of the solution.”

1889 After serving five terms in Congress, Robert Smalls is appointed U.S. Collector 1891 1900 of Customs by President Benjamin Harrison. “William1891 Cathey,” who served in the U.S. Army for Sgt. William H. Carney becomes the first Smalls became famous during the Civil War two years, reveals that she is actually Cathay Williams – African American awarded the Congressional after his incredible naval skills made him an an African American woman who disguised herself as a Medal of Honor. asset to the Union Armed Forces. man so she could join the military.

February 2010 Black History Month

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1902: Langston Hughes, poet, born. 1915: Biologist Ernest E. Just receives 2009: Eric H. Holder Jr. sworn in as the nation’s 1913: , civil rights pioneer who 1884: Willis Johnson patents eggbeater. 1993: Arthur Ashe, Jr., tennis player, Spingarn Medal for research in fertilization first African American attorney general. sparked 1955 Montgomery, Alabama, bus humanitarian and activist, dies. and cell division. boycott, born.

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1883: Ragtime pianist and composer 1968: Three South Carolina State students 1964: Arthur Ashe, Jr. becomes first black on 1927: Leontyne Price, internationally 1990: Nelson Mandela of South Africa is 1909: NAACP founded in New York City. 1970: Joseph L. Searles becomes first Eubie Blake born. killed during segregation protest in U.S. Davis Cup team. acclaimed opera singer, born. released from prison after 27 years. African American member of New York Orangeburg, South Carolina. Lincoln’s Birthday Stock Exchange.

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1817: , “the Great 1820: Susan B. Anthony, abolitionist and 1874: Frederick Douglass elected president 1938: Mary Frances Berry, first woman 1931: Toni Morrison, winner of 1988 Pulitzer 2002: Vonetta Flowers becomes Winter 1895: Frederick Douglass, leading voice Emancipator,” born. women’s rights advocate, born. of Freedman’s Bank and Trust. to serve as chancellor of a major research Prize for her novel Beloved, born. Olympics’ first African American gold medalist. in the Abolitionist Movement, dies. university (University of Colorado), born. Valentine’s Day Presidents’ Day Ash Wednesday

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1965: Malcolm X assassinated in New York. 2008: Johnnie Carr, major icon of the 1868: W.E.B. DuBois, scholar, activist and 1864: Rebecca Lee Crumpler becomes first 1853: First black YMCA organized in 1965: Civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson 1897: Marian Anderson, world-renowned Civil Rights Movement, dies. author of The Souls of Black Folk, born. black woman to receive a medical degree Washington, D.C. dies after being shot by state police in opera singer and civil rights activist, born. (New England Female Medical College). Marion, Alabama. Washington’s Birthday

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1984: Michael Jackson, musician and entertainer, wins eight Grammy Awards.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com L. Douglas Wilder, J.D. Distinguished Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University’s L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Affairs Former Mayor, Richmond, Virginia Former Governor, State of Virginia Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army Infantry (Retired) Richmond, VA

When L. Douglas Wilder was drafted into the Army infantry during the Korean War, he believed there were no solutions to the social and racial problems in America. His outlook changed, however, once he experienced the newly integrated military.

“The military was my first exposure to integration. It was so much different than civilian life,” said Wilder. “It came as a welcome relief to me to get to know individuals from other races. I was uplifted. It made me believe I could help produce meaningful resolutions for some of our country’s problems.”

Wilder returned from Korea and began a historic career in public service that has spanned 40 years. During that time, he was elected Virginia’s first African American state senator since Reconstruction. Later, he broke barriers when he became the first African American in the U.S. to be elected governor. He made history again when he was sworn in as Richmond, Virginia’s, first elected African American mayor.

Throughout his career, Wilder has made it his mission to represent those who did not have a voice in politics. He is known for his message of fiscal prudence, racial healing and caring for others. Today, he relays this message to his students as a distinguished professor at the school that bears his name.

“I have always tried to be a bridge between people who are black and white, young and old, rich and poor,” Wilder said. “It’s still my goal. It’s a continuing bridge.”

1918 1922 Aileen Cole Stewart is called to duty as one of the first Joseph H. Ward is appointed the first African American to African American nurses in the Army Nurse Corps. head a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. He is named 1918 She served during the Spanish influenza epidemic. officer-chief of the VA hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama.

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1914: Ralph W. Ellison, author and 1867: Congress enacts charter to establish 1865: Freedmen’s Bureau established by 1965: Bill Russell of the Celtics 1770: becomes one of the 1857: Supreme Court issues Dred Scott decision. educator, born. Howard University. federal government to aid newly freed slaves. honored as NBA’s most valuable player for first casualties of the American Revolution. fourth time in five years.

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2006: Photographer-filmmaker Gordon Parks, 1945: Phyllis M. Daley becomes first black 1841: Amistad mutineers freed by 1869: Robert Tanner Freeman becomes 1959: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the 1932: Andrew Young, former U.N. 1773: Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable, black who captured the struggles and triumphs of nurse sworn in as a Navy ensign. Supreme Court. first black to receive a degree in dentistry. Sun opens at Barrymore Theater, New York; ambassador and former mayor of pioneer and explorer, founded Chicago. black America, dies. the first play by a black woman to premiere , born. on Broadway.

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1956: Montgomery, Alabama, bus 1947: John Lee, first black commissioned 1827: Freedom’s Journal, the first U.S. black 1890: Charles B. Brooks patents street sweeper. 1822: The Phoenix Society, a literary and 1971: The Rev. Leon Sullivan elected to 1883: Jan E. Matzeliger patents boycott ends when municipal bus service officer in the U.S. Navy, assigned to duty. newspaper, is founded. educational group, founded by blacks in board of directors of General Motors. shoemaking machine. is desegregated. St. Patrick’s Day New York City.

Daylight Saving Time Begins

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1965: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads 1898: J.W. Smith patents lawn sprinkler. 1873: Slavery abolished in Puerto Rico. 1907: Nurse and aviator Janet Harmon 2009: John Hope Franklin, a prolific scholar 1872: Thomas J. Martin patents fire extinguisher. 1924: Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan, march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, Bragg born. of African American history who influenced “The Divine One,” born. for voting rights. thinking about slavery and Reconstruction, dies.

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1870: Jonathan S. Wright becomes first black 1918: Pearl Bailey, singer and actor, born. 1870: Fifteenth Amendment ratified, 1988: Toni Morrison wins Pulitzer Prize state Supreme Court justice in South Carolina. guaranteeing voting rights to blacks. for Beloved. Passover Begins (sundown) Palm Sunday

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Yvonne Darlene Cagle, M.D. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astronaut Colonel, U.S. Air Force (Retired)

Even as a young child, Dr. Yvonne Darlene Cagle seemed destined to fly. At six years old, she took her first plane ride from New York to Japan. When told she could sit anywhere on the plane, she quickly sat in the pilot’s chair.

“When the crew said I had to move, I was inconsolable. Little did I know it wouldn’t be the last time I sat there,” said Cagle.

In 1986, after graduating from medical school, she began active duty with the Air Force. It seemed natural to be in flight medicine, as she had dreamed of serving others and was fascinated by aviation. Working as a flight surgeon, she was able to serve many different cultures while flying all types of aircraft. Her experience gave her a new perspective.

“I wanted to understand human physiology better so I could help more people. I realized that the human body and universe showed many similarities. By studying space, I would have an enhanced knowledge of life on earth,” said Cagle.

In her quest to better understand space, Cagle joined NASA. She was the first and still is the only Air Force flight surgeon to become an astronaut. In this role, she has been able to work on research projects such as space adaptation syndrome; reusable energy; and, most recently, commercial reusable suborbital research that will help NASA develop technologies to more efficiently study space.

“There is a long legacy of individuals who provide dedicated service to our country; and I am proud that through my work, I can be one of them,” said Cagle.

1937 1941 William H. Hastie, advocate for the fair Navy steward Dorie Miller officially shoots 1948 Nancy1948 C. Leftenant is the first African American treatment and equality of African American down two Japanese planes during an attack troops in WWII, is confirmed as the first on Pearl Harbor. woman to become a member of the regular Army African American federal judge. Nurse Corps. a p r i l 2 0 1 0

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1950: Blood research pioneer 1984: Georgetown coach John Thompson 1826: Poet-orator James Madison Bell, author Charles R. Drew dies. becomes first African American coach to win of the Emancipation Day poem “The Day and the NCAA basketball tournament. the War,” born.

Good Friday

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1968: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 1951: Washington, D.C., Municipal Court of 1909: Matthew A. Henson reaches North Pole, 1959: Lorraine Hansberry becomes first black 1974: Atlanta Braves slugger Hank Aaron hits 1898: Paul Robeson, actor, singer, 1943: Arthur Ashe, Jr., first black to win assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Appeals outlaws segregation in restaurants. 45 minutes before Robert E. Peary. playwright to win New York Drama Critics 715th career home run, surpassing Babe Ruth activist, born. the U.S. Open and men’s singles title at Award (for A Raisin in the Sun). as the game’s all-time home-run leader. Wimbledon, born. Easter

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1899: Percy Julian, developer of physostigmine 1983: Harold Washington becomes first 1997: Tiger Woods wins Masters Golf 1775: First abolitionist society in U.S. founded 1964: Sidney Poitier becomes first black 1862: Slavery abolished in the 1983: Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize for and synthetic cortisone, born. African American elected mayor of Chicago. Tournament. in Philadelphia. to win Academy Award for Best Actor for District of Columbia. fiction for The Color Purple. Lilies of the Field.

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1995: Margo Jefferson receives Pulitzer Prize 1972: Stationed in Germany, 1894: Dr. Lloyd A. Hall, pioneering food 1966: Pfc. Milton L. Olive III awarded 1922: Jazz bassist and composer 1856: Granville T. Woods, inventor of the 1944: United Negro College Fund for criticism. Maj. Gen. Frederic E. Davidson becomes chemist, born. posthumously the Medal of Honor for valor Charles Mingus born. steam boiler and automobile air brakes, born. incorporated. first African American to lead an Army in Vietnam. division. Administrative Professionals Day

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1918: Ella Fitzgerald, “First Lady of Song,” born. 1888: Sarah Boone patents ironing board. 1968: Dr. Vincent Porter becomes first black 2009: Sojourner Truth, former slave turned 1899: Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington, jazz 1952: Dr. Louis T. Wright honored by certified in plastic surgery. abolitionist, becomes first African American musician and composer, born. American Cancer Society for his contributions woman to have a memorial in the U.S. Capitol. to cancer research.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Michael J. Singleton, M.D. Commander, U.S. Navy Medical Corps Senior Medical Officer, USS Peleliu San Diego, CA

As a child in rural South Carolina, Commander Michael J. Singleton grew up witnessing the harmful results of poor health care access.

“I saw people around me dying from diseases I now know were curable,” he said. “I saw my granddad get his injured leg amputated because he couldn’t afford the proper care. I decided back then that I wanted to do something to help.”

Singleton saw the military as a way to reach his goal of becoming a doctor. He won a military scholarship to study biology and chemistry while serving in the U.S. Air Force ROTC. As an active-duty Air Force officer, he volunteered as an emergency room assistant on his own time.

“One of the ER nurses told me I should go to medical school. I didn’t think it was possible. But my desire and willingness to be a servant to others convinced me to apply, and I got in,” he said.

Singleton returned to the military after completing his medical residency. Today, he is the senior medical officer onboard the USS Peleliu, a U.S. Navy assault ship.

“My job as a healer goes way beyond being a job,” Singleton said. “I believe naval and public service is my calling. It validates me as a physician and as a human being.”

1956 1954 M. Joycelyn Elders, first African American U.S. Surgeon Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first General, enrolls in the University of Arkansas Medical African American general in the U.S. Air Force. 1956 School after serving as a nurse in the Army. m ay 2 0 1 0

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1867: First four students enter Howard University.

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1995: Shirley Jackson assumes chairmanship 1964: Frederick O’Neal becomes first black 1961: Freedom Riders begin protesting 1988: Eugene Antonio Marino installed as 1991: Smithsonian Institution approves creation 1845: Mary Eliza Mahoney, America’s first 1983: Lena Horne awarded Spingarn Medal of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. president of Actors’ Equity Association. segregation of interstate bus travel in first U.S. African American Roman Catholic of the National African American Museum. black trained nurse, born. for distinguished career in entertainment. the South. archbishop.

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1899: John Albert Burr patents lawn mower. 1950: Boston Celtics select Chuck Cooper, 1895: Composer William Grant Still, first black 1862: Black slaves commandeer the 1872: Matilda Arabella Evans, first black 1913: Clara Stanton Jones, first black 1820: Congress declares foreign slave trade an first black player drafted to play in NBA. to conduct a major American symphony Confederate ship “The Planter.” woman to practice medicine in South president of the American Library act of piracy, punishable by death. Mother’s Day orchestra, born. Carolina, born. Association, born. Armed Forces Day

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1927: Dr. William Harry Barnes becomes 1954: In Brown v. Board of Education, 1896: In Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court 1993: University of Virginia professor 1961: U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy 2006: Katherine Dunham, pioneering dancer 1921: Shuffle Along, a musical featuring a first black certified by a surgical board. Supreme Court declares segregation in public upholds doctrine of “separate but equal” Rita Dove appointed U.S. poet laureate. dispatches U.S. marshals to Montgomery, and choreographer, author and civil rights score by Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle, opens schools unconstitutional. education and public accommodations. Alabama, to restore order in the Freedom activist, dies. on Broadway. Rider crisis.

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1900: Sgt. William H. Carney becomes 1854: Lincoln University (Pa.), first black 1926: Jazz trumpeter Miles Dewey Davis born. 1961: During Kennedy administration, 1942: Dorie Miller, a ship‘s steward, awarded 1948: National Party wins whites-only 1901: Granville T. Woods patents overhead first black awarded the Congressional college, founded. Marvin Cook named ambassador to Navy Cross for heroism during the attack on elections in South Africa and begins to conducting system for the electric railway. Medal of Honor. Niger Republic, the first black envoy Pearl Harbor in 1941. institute policy of apartheid. named to an African nation.

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1965: Vivian Malone becomes first black to 1870: Congress passes the first Enforcement graduate from the University of Alabama. Act, providing stiff penalties for those who deprive others of civil rights.

Memorial Day Observed

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Jeannette E. South-Paul, M.D. Andrew W. Mathieson UPMC Professor and Chair Department of Family Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired) Pittsburgh, PA

Dr. Jeannette E. South-Paul’s strong desire to help others began early in life. She grew up in Philadelphia, where her family lived above and ran The Helping Hand Mission. She spent much of her youth helping her mother and father care for the inner-city homeless population.

“As immigrants from Jamaica, my parents were committed to public service. We were determined to give back to our community. We felt it was our duty to help those who had nothing,” she said.

Spending time with individuals who were homeless encouraged South-Paul to pursue a career in health care. She wanted to help break down the barriers that less fortunate people often deal with when it comes to health care access.

“The conditions facing individuals who were homeless were heartbreaking. They were good people who just needed some care,” said South-Paul.

By joining the military, South-Paul was able to earn her medical degree and develop leadership skills. During and after her 22 years of service as an Army physician, she served as a teacher and mentor to medical students. Through Mobile Medical Care, Inc. in Maryland, she developed a military medical student rotation for individuals who are uninsured. She also continues to serve her community at the Ninth Street Clinic in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. Both programs provide low-income individuals with the medical treatment they need.

“To me, these programs are a way of giving back. You don’t negotiate this world by yourself – every one of us needs someone,” said South-Paul.

1965 1964 Benjamin Lawson Hooks, retired Army staff sergeant, becomes the first 1964 African American criminal court judge in Tennessee since Reconstruction. NURSE Margaret E. Bailey, Army Nurse Corps, becomes the first He goes on to serve for 15 years as executive director of the National African American nurse to be promoted to lieutenant colonel. Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). j u n e 2 0 1 0

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1968: Henry Lewis becomes first black musical 1971: Samuel L. Gravely Jr. becomes first 2008: Senator Barack Obama wins Democratic 1967: Bill Cosby receives an Emmy Award for 1987: Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes first director of an American symphony orchestra African American admiral in U.S. Navy. presidential nomination, becoming the first his work in the television series I Spy. African American woman astronaut. — New Jersey Symphony. African American nominee of a major U.S. political party.

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1831: First annual People of Color convention 1917: Poetess Gwendolyn Brooks, first black 1953: Supreme Court ruling bans 1995: Lincoln J. Ragsdale, pioneer fighter pilot 1854: James Augustine Healy, first black 1964: Nelson Mandela sentenced to life 1963: Medgar W. Evers, civil rights leader, held in Philadelphia. to win the Pulitzer Prize (poetry, 1950), born. discrimination in Washington, D.C., of World War II, dies. Roman Catholic bishop, ordained a priest in imprisonment by South African government. assassinated in Jackson, Mississippi. restaurants. Notre Dame Cathedral.

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1967: Thurgood Marshall nominated to 1864: Congress rules equal pay for all soldiers. 1913: Dr. Effie O’Neal Ellis, first black woman 1970: Kenneth A. Gibson elected mayor of 1775: Minuteman Peter Salem fights in the 1942: medical student 1865: Blacks in Texas are notified of Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson. to hold an executive position in the American Newark, New Jersey, first African American Battle of Bunker Hill. Bernard Whitfield Robinson commissioned as Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863. Flag Day Medical Association, born. mayor of a major Eastern city. the Navy’s first black officer. Juneteenth

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1953: Albert W. Dent of 1945: Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes first 1897: William Barry patents postmarking and 1940: Sprinter Wilma Rudolph, winner of three 1964: Carl T. Rowan appointed director of the 2009: Michael Jackson, musician and 1975: Dr. Samuel Blanton Rosser becomes first elected president of the National Health black to command an Army Air Corps base. cancelling machine. gold medals at 1960 Summer Olympics, born. United States Information Agency. entertainer, dies. African American certified in pediatric surgery. Council.

Father’s Day

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1991: Supreme Court Justice Thurgood 1911: Samuel J. Battle becomes first black 2006: Lloyd Richards, theater pioneer and 1921: Charles S. Gilpin awarded Spingarn Marshall announces his retirement. policeman in New York City. Tony award winner for direction of Fences, Medal for his performance in Eugene O’Neill’s dies on his 87th birthday. Emperor Jones.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Vice Admiral Adam M. Robinson Jr., M.D. Surgeon General, U.S. Navy Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Washington, DC

Vice Admiral Adam M. Robinson Jr. has always felt compelled to serve. As a young man during the Vietnam War, he saw his country in need and joined the Navy. Prepared to fight, Robinson received surprising news before shipping out.

“I was told that I had been accepted into medical school. I didn’t know what to do. I was dedicated to my country, but it had been my dream to be a doctor,” said Robinson.

Robinson decided to do both. He combined his military and health careers in an effort to help more diverse populations. Navy medicine provided Robinson an experience he couldn’t get in medical school.

“I was able to see care from different points of view. I taught medical students and led deployed medical commands. My experiences enabled me to serve more people,” said Robinson.

In 2007, Robinson accepted the position of Navy surgeon general. He currently is the senior physician for the U.S. Navy overseeing the health and well-being of all sailors, Marines and their families around the world. He has received numerous awards for his service. His decorations include a Distinguished Service Medal and two Legion of Merit awards.

“I believe that all people should be recognized for their service. It is a noble experience to be in Navy medicine. But, we can’t overlook the work that is done each day in every community,” said Robinson.

1969 1971 Charles Evers, WWII soldier and head of the NAACP Samuel L. Gravely Jr. becomes the first African American in Mississippi, becomes the first African American admiral in the U.S. Navy. mayor in Mississippi since Reconstruction. j u ly 2 0 1 0

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1889: Frederick Douglass named U.S. Minister 1872: Elijah McCoy patents first self-lubricating 1688: The Quakers in Germantown, to Haiti. locomotive engine. The quality of his inventions Pennsylvania, make first formal protest helped coin the phrase “the real McCoy.” against slavery.

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1900: Traditional birthdate of Louis 1991: Nelson Mandela elected president of 1957: Althea Gibson wins women’s singles 1948: Cleveland Indians sign pitcher Leroy 2000: Venus Williams wins women’s singles 1893: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs first 1875: Educator Mary McLeod Bethune, “Satchmo” Armstrong, jazz pioneer. the African National Congress. title at Wimbledon, first black to win tennis’s “Satchel” Paige. championship at Wimbledon. successful open-heart operation. founder of Bethune-Cookman College, born. most prestigious award. Independence Day Independence Day Observed

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1905: W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe 1949: Frederick M. Jones patents cooling 1965: Thurgood Marshall becomes first black 1951: George Washington Carver Monument, 1867: Maggie Lena Walker, first woman 1822: Violette A. Johnson, first black 2009: Ret. Marine Corps Trotter organize the Niagara Movement, system for food transportation vehicles. appointed U.S. solicitor general. first national park honoring a black, is dedicated and first black to become president of a woman to practice before the U.S. Supreme Maj. Gen. Charles F. Bolden Jr. a forerunner of the NAACP. in Joplin, Missouri. bank, born. Court, born. becomes first African American administrator of NASA.

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1998: African Soldiers 1925: Paris debut of Josephine Baker, 1950: Black troops (24th Regiment) win first 1896: Mary Church Terrell elected first 1939: Jane M. Bolin of New York City 1962: Jackie Robinson becomes first black 1807: Shakespearean actor Ira Aldridge born Memorial dedicated, Washington, D.C. entertainer, activist and humanitarian. U.S. victory in Korea. president of National Association of appointed first black female judge. baseball player in the major leagues inducted in New York City. Colored Women. into baseball’s Hall of Fame.

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1916: Garrett Morgan, inventor of the gas 1948: President Harry S. Truman issues 1880: Alexander P. Ashbourne patents process 1868: 14th Amendment, granting blacks 1895: First National Conference of Colored 1822: James Varick becomes first bishop of 1874: Rev. Patrick Francis Healy inaugurated mask, rescues six people from gas-filled tunnel Executive Order 9981, ending segregation for refining coconut oil. full citizenship rights, becomes part of Women Convention held in Boston. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. president of Georgetown University, in Cleveland, Ohio. in armed forces. the Constitution. Washington, D.C.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Vincent L. Moss, M.D. Attending Surgeon, Crozer-Chester Medical Center Major, U.S. Army Reserves Philadelphia, PA

Vance J. Moss, M.D. Chief of Division of Urology and Transplantation Mid-Atlantic Multi-Specialty Surgical Group Major, U.S. Army Reserves Howell, NJ

Drs. Vincent L. and Vance J. Moss are identical twins with a commitment to public service that is one of a kind.

In 2005, the two surgeons, who are Army reservists, embarked upon what many called a “suicide mission.” At their own expense and peril, they leased a jet and filled it with medical supplies. Without any armor or military support, they traveled to Afghanistan to provide civilians with much-needed medical care.

“We took a gamble because we really wanted to help people,” said Vance Moss. “We didn’t want to show up with guns and bulletproof vests. We wanted to prove that we were there to help, not to occupy.”

The doctors traveled to remote villages under the dark of night. They operated on children who had been injured in warfare or explosions. They provided medications and surgical procedures. In some places, they were the first doctors villagers had ever seen.

“We had witnessed the harsh conditions of civilian life while serving in Afghanistan and Iraq,” said Vincent Moss. “Our background in the military inspired us to bring our service to a different level.”

The doctors have been back to Afghanistan three times. Currently in private practice, they are continuing their mission. They recently helped bring an Afghani boy and his father to New York City for surgery.

“Everyone can help others,” said Vance Moss. “If you are passionate about a cause, you can make a difference. The effort is worth it.”

1977 1972 Sanford Bishop, former Army Reserve officer, is Mildred1972 C. Kelly becomes the first African American woman elected to the Georgia House of Representatives. to reach the rank of sergeant major in the U.S. Army. august 2010

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1879: Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from 1924: James Baldwin, author of Go Tell It on 1800: Gabriel Prosser leads slave revolt in 1810: Abolitionist Robert Purvis born. 1962: Nelson Mandela, South African 1965: President Lyndon B. Johnson signs 1907: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, first African New England Hospital for Women and the Mountain, The Fire Next Time and Richmond, Virginia. freedom fighter, imprisoned. He was not Voting Rights Act, outlawing literacy test for American Nobel prize winner, born. Children, becoming the first black professional Another Country, born. released until 1990. voting eligibility in the South. nurse in America.

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2005: John H. Johnson, founder and publisher 1936: Jesse Owens wins fourth gold medal at 1989: Gen. Colin Powell is nominated 1872: Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, 1977: Steven Biko, leader of Black 1981: Reagan administration undertakes its 1989: First National Black Theater Festival of Ebony and Jet magazines, dies. Summer Olympics in Berlin. chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, the first acknowledged as first black psychiatrist, born. Consciousness Movement in South Africa, review of 30 federal regulations, including rules held in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. African American to hold this post. arrested. on civil rights to prevent job discrimination.

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2007: Max Roach, first jazz musician honored 1922: Author Louis E. Lomax born. 1849: Lawyer-activist Archibald Henry Grimké, 1859: Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig is first novel 1954: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche named 1993: Dr. David Satcher named director of the 1904: Bandleader and composer with a MacArthur Fellowship, dies. who challenged segregationist policies of published by a black writer. undersecretary of United Nations. Centers for Disease Control. William “Count” Basie born. President Woodrow Wilson, born.

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1880: Cartoonist George Herriman born. 1926: Carter Woodson, historian, author, 1950: Judge Edith Sampson named first black 1925: A. Phillip Randolph founds Brotherhood 1946: Composer, singer and producer 1963: W.E.B. DuBois, scholar, 1963: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers inaugurates Negro History Week. delegate to United Nations. of Sleeping Car Porters. Valerie Simpson Ashford born. civil rights activist and founding father “I Have A Dream” speech during March on of the NAACP, dies. Washington, D.C.

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1920: Saxophonist Charlie “Bird” Parker born. 1983: Lt. Col. Guion S. Bluford Jr. becomes 1836: Henry Blair patents cotton planter. the first African American astronaut in space.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Linda Ann Gillespie-Murakata, M.D. Senior Hepatic Pathologist Department of Hepatic Pathology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (Retired) Washington, DC

Dr. Linda Ann Gillespie-Murakata dreamed of helping others. But as a teenage mother on welfare, she knew her first priority was to take care of her child.

When the time was right, she decided to enlist in the military. She knew that in return for her service, she would be able to get an education.

“I wanted to be more, and I wanted better for my child. The Air Force was the only way I could reach my dream,” said Gillespie-Murakata.

She took college courses at night while training during the day. As a top student, she felt compelled to pursue a medical degree. Her focus quickly fell on pathology. As specialty-trained physicians, pathologists diagnose and characterize diseases.

“I wanted to go into a field where I could serve those in need. The work of pathologists is very necessary in the field of medicine,” said Gillespie-Murakata.

She now is senior hepatic pathologist at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. She works on providing expert consultation in diseases of the liver to help health care professionals better diagnose and treat illnesses. In her efforts to give back, Gillespie-Murakata helps pathologists around the world through training, consultation and research.

A long way from her less fortunate days, Gillespie-Murakata offers simple advice: “Do what you enjoy and what is in your heart. Don’t stop until you succeed. Never say ‘I can’t,’ only ‘Yes, I will.’”

1979 1983 Edward William Brooke III retires as Massachusetts Lt. Col. Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. becomes the first senator after serving for 12 years. Prior to becoming African American to travel in space. senator, he served in the Army for five years, reaching the rank of captain. september 2010

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1993: Condoleeza Rice named provost at 1958: Frederick M. Jones patents control 1979: Robert Maynard becomes first African 1957: Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus calls Stanford University, becoming the youngest device for internal combustion engine. American to head a major daily newspaper, out the National Guard to bar black students person and first black to hold this position. Oakland Tribune in California. from entering a Little Rock high school.

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1960: Leopold Sedar Senghor, poet and 1848: Frederick Douglass elected president 1954: Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, 1981: Roy Wilkins, executive director of the 1968: Arthur Ashe, Jr. wins men‘s singles 1855: John Mercer Langston elected township 1959: Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington wins politician, elected president of Senegal. of National Black Political Convention in Maryland, public schools integrated. NAACP, dies. tennis championship at U.S. Open. clerk of Brownhelm, Ohio, becoming first Spingarn Medal for his achievements in music. Cleveland, Ohio. black to hold elective office in the U.S. Rosh Hashanah Begins (sundown) Labor Day

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1992: Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes first 1886: Literary critic Alain Lovke, first black 1921: Constance Baker Motley, first black 1963: Four black girls killed in Birmingham, 1923: First Catholic seminary for black priests 1983: Vanessa Williams becomes first 1895: Booker T. Washington delivers famous African American woman to travel in space. Rhodes Scholar, born. woman appointed federal judge, born. Alabama, church bombing. dedicated in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. African American crowned Miss America. Atlanta Exposition speech.

Yom Kippur Begins (sundown)

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1893: Albert R. Robinson patents electric 1830: First National Convention of Free Men 1998: Florence Griffith Joyner, Olympic track 1862: Emancipation Proclamation announced. 1863: Civil and women’s rights advocate 1957: Federal troops enforce court-ordered 1974: Barbara W. Hancock becomes first railway trolley. agrees to boycott slave-produced goods. star, dies. Mary Church Terrell born. integrations as nine children integrate Central African American woman named a White High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. House fellow.

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1962: Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson 1912: W.C. Handy publishes Memphis Blues. 1991: National Civil Rights Museum opens in 1910: National Urban League established in 1962: James Meredith enrolls as first black to win heavyweight boxing championship. Memphis, Tennessee. New York City. student at University of Mississippi.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Granville C. Coggs, M.D. Retired Radiologist, Breast Cancer Screener Congressional Gold Medal Tuskegee Airman Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force Medical Service Reserve (Retired) San Antonio, TX

Dr. Granville C. Coggs’ awards and accomplishments tell a rich story of a life filled with courage and public service.

First, there are his honors from World War II. At age 18, Coggs enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps and became a Tuskegee Airman, the first group of black airmen in the military. He received military badges as an aerial gunner, aerial bombardier and pilot of the B-25 medium bomber.

Next came his degrees from the University of Nebraska and Harvard Medical School, followed by an award-winning career as a radiologist and professor. He inspired his students, and he invented patented medical equipment. All the while, he served in the Army Reserves and continued to do so until he was 60 years old.

Coggs then became an acclaimed mammogram screener. Over the course of two years, he never missed identifying a cancer. “Early detection saves lives, and that’s why I continue to do this work. I want to use my skills to help women,” he said.

In addition to his service to others, Coggs has been recognized with gold and silver medals. An avid runner, Coggs competes in the 400-meter dash in senior games across the country.

“Part of my mission is to help others stay physically and mentally fit as they age,” said Coggs. “I’ve become a motivational speaker. I’m proud to have the opportunity to help and inspire.”

1989 1990 General Colin Powell is appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, L. Douglas Wilder, Bronze Star recipient and Korean becoming the first African American to achieve the highest military War hero, is inaugurated as the first African American ranking in the U.S. Armed Forces. governor in Virginia since Reconstruction. october 2010

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1996: Lt. Gen. Joe Ballard becomes first black 2000: James Perkins Jr. sworn in as Selma, to head the Army Corps of Engineers. Alabama’s, first African American mayor.

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1956: Nat “King” Cole becomes first black 1864: First black daily newspaper, The New 1872: Booker T. Washington enters Hampton 1917: Political activist Fannie Lou Hamer born. 1993: Toni Morrison becomes the first African 1941: Rev. Jesse Jackson, political activist and 2001: Dr. Ruth Simmons, first African performer to host his own TV show. Orleans Tribune, founded. Institute, Virginia. American to win the Nobel Prize in literature. civil rights leader, born. American leader of an Ivy League institution, elected 18th president of Brown University.

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1899: Isaac R. Johnson patents bicycle frame. 1887: Granville T. Woods patents telephone 2005: C. Delores Tucker, civil rights activist and 1579: Martin de Porres, first black saint in the 1964: At age 35, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King 1991: Clarence Thomas confirmed as an 1984: Bishop Desmond Tutu wins Nobel system and apparatus. founder of the National Black Congress, dies. Roman Catholic church, born. Jr. becomes youngest man to win Nobel associate justice of U.S. Supreme Court. Peace Prize. Peace Prize. Columbus Day Observed

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1888: Capital Savings Bank of Washington, 1948: Playwright Ntozake Shange, author 1943: Paul Robeson opens in Othello at the 1898: The first black-owned insurance 1917: Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, pioneer of 1953: Dr. Clarence S. Green becomes first 1947: NAACP petitions United Nations on D.C., first bank for blacks, organized. of For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Shubert Theater in New York City. company, North Carolina Mutual Life bebop, born. black certified in neurological surgery. racial conditions in the U.S. Suicide When The Rainbow Is Enuf, born. Insurance Co., founded.

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2005: Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer who 1992: Toronto Blue Jays manager Cito Gaston 1911: Mahalia Jackson, gospel singer, born. 1954: Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes first 1998: President Bill Clinton declares HIV/AIDS 1949: Alonzo G. Moron becomes first black 1979: Richard Arrington elected first African sparked 1955 Montgomery bus boycott, dies. becomes first African American to manage black general in U.S. Air Force. a health crisis in racial minority communities. president of Hampton Institute, Virginia. American mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. a team to a World Series title. United Nations Day

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1899: William F. Burr patents switching device for railways.

Halloween

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Clara L. Adams-Ender, R.N. Executive Director, Caring About People with Enthusiasm (CAPE) Legacy Fund, Inc. Brigadier General, U.S. Army (Retired) Lake Ridge, VA

When it comes to forging your own path, Clara L. Adams-Ender believes the most important step is to make a decision.

“To not decide is a decision. You need to decide what you want and go after it,” she said. “If you go out with a negative attitude, chances are it’s not going to work out good for you or for anyone else.”

While still a young girl, Adams-Ender made her decision to follow a path that would lead to success. One of 10 children, she worked three jobs to make her way through nursing school and joined the U.S. Army Nurse Corps upon graduation.

“I always enjoyed taking care of people. And I’ve always respected nurses,” she said.

She began her career in the Army as a second lieutenant. By the time she retired 34 years later, she had risen through the ranks to become a brigadier general; chief of the Army Nurse Corps; and finally, the commanding general of Fort Belvoir in Virginia.

Today, Adams-Ender is the executive director of Caring About People with Enthusiasm (CAPE) Legacy Fund, Inc. The organization helps students of modest means complete their college educations. Many of the students are enrolled in nursing and ROTC at historically black colleges and universities.

“To be able to serve others is a calling. It takes many sacrifices. But it’s worth it,” said Adams-Ender.

1993 1997 Bobby Rush is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. 1997 Prior to his election, Rush served in the Army for five years Danyell Wilson of the U.S. Army becomes the first African American and cofounded the Illinois Black Panther Party. female to be presented with the job of guarding the Tombs of the Unknown at Arlington National Cemetery. november 2010

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1945: John H. Johnson publishes first 1983: President Ronald Reagan designates 1981: Thirman L. Milner elected mayor of 2008: Senator Barack Obama elected 44th 1968: Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn, 1900: James Weldon Johnson and issue of Ebony. Martin Luther King Jr. Day a national holiday. Hartford, Connecticut, becoming first African president of the U.S., becoming first African New York, becomes first black woman J. Rosamond Johnson compose “Lift Every American mayor in New England. American to be elected chief executive in the elected to Congress. Voice and Sing.” Election Day 232-year history of the country.

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1989: L. Douglas Wilder elected governor of 1938: Crystal Bird Fauset elected state 1731: Mathematician, urban planner and 2006: Benny Andrews, painter and teacher 1989: Civil Rights Memorial dedicated in 1941: Mary Cardwell Dawson and 1940: The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Virginia, becoming nation’s first African representative in Pennsylvania, becoming first inventor Benjamin Banneker born. whose work drew on memories of his Montgomery, Alabama. Madame Lillian Evanti establish the National Hansberry v. Lee that blacks cannot be barred American governor since Reconstruction. black woman to serve in a state legislature. childhood in the segregated South, dies. Negro Opera Company. from white neighborhoods. Veterans Day Daylight Saving Time Ends

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1915: Booker T. Washington, educator and 1881: Payton Johnson patents swinging chair. 1981: Pam Johnson named publisher of the 1980: Howard University airs WHHM, first 1797: Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 1953: Roy Campanella named Most Valuable 1923: Garrett A. Morgan patents traffic writer, dies. Ithaca Journal in New York, becoming first African American-operated public radio Civil War nurse, born. Player in National Baseball League for the light signal. African American woman to head a daily station. second time. newspaper.

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1893: Granville T. Woods patents electric 1930: Elijah Muhammed establishes the 1897: A.J. Beard patents the Jenny Coupler, 1868: Pianist Scott Joplin, the “Father of 1955: The Interstate Commerce Commission 1883: Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 1990: Charles Johnson awarded National railway conduit. Nation of Islam. used to connect railroad cars. Ragtime,” born. bans segregation in interstate travel. Civil War nurse, dies. Book Award for fiction for Middle Passage.

Thanksgiving Day

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1961: Ernie Davis becomes first black to win 1908: Adam Clayton Powell Jr., politician and 1912: Gordon Parks, writer, filmmaker and the Heisman Trophy. civil rights activist, born. photographer, born.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Elder Granger, M.D. President/CEO of THE 5Ps, LLC Healthcare Consulting Former Deputy Director TRICARE Management Activity Major General, U.S. Army (Retired)

Centennial, CO

A true leader, Dr. Elder Granger has devoted much of his career to helping others. He conquered numerous obstacles in order to dedicate his life to what he believes is our main purpose on earth: serving one another.

“Assisting each other makes us stronger as a whole. At the end of the day, people are the most important assets we have,” he said.

Granger began serving others in 1971. He joined the then all-white Eastern Arkansas National Guard Unit while working at a local grocery store. As one of the first African American soldiers to integrate, he knew he would have to excel in his training. After proving himself, his mentors encouraged him to pursue a medical role in the military.

“From there, I just kept working. I was leading medical missions and commanding hospitals. Then I was asked to be the deputy director of TRICARE. I couldn’t believe it. I would be the second black deputy director of TRICARE,” he said.

TRICARE provides medical benefits to members of the uniformed services (active and retired) and their families. Through his position as deputy director, Granger was able to further fulfill his desire to serve. By the time he retired, he had provided health care solutions to thousands of military families around the world.

“Through hard work, you can really make a difference in the world. I truly believe that exceptional performance overcomes artificial barriers,” said Granger.

2005 2009 Major Merryl David becomes the first African American Retired Marine Corps Major General Charles F. Bolden woman to fly the Elite U-2 spy plane, one of the Air becomes the first African American administrator of the 2005 Force’s most heralded stealth planes. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. december 2010

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1955: Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to 1884: Granville T. Woods patents 1847: Frederick Douglass publishes first issue 1906: Alpha Phi Alpha, first black Greek letter give her seat to a white man, sparking the telephone transmitter. of North Star. fraternity, founded at Cornell University. Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott.

Hanukkah Begins (sundown)

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1955: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes 1932: Richard B. Spikes patents 1941: Navy steward Dorie Miller shoots 1925: Entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. born. 1872: P.B.S. Pinchback of Louisiana becomes 1950: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche becomes first black 1926: Blues singer Willie Mae “Big Mama” Birmingham, Alabama, bus boycott, marking automatic gearshift. down four Japanese planes during attack first black governor. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Thornton born. beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. on Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor Day

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1995: Willie Brown defeats incumbent 1944: First black servicewomen sworn in to 1829: John Mercer Langston, congressman 1883: William A. Hinton, first black on 1976: Andrew Young nominated by 1802: Teacher and minister Henry Adams born. 1865: Congress passes 13th Amendment, Frank Jordan to become the first African the WAVES. and founder of Howard University Law Harvard Medical School faculty, born. President to be U.S. ambassador abolishing slavery. American mayor of San Francisco. Department, born. to United Nations.

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1875: Educator Carter G. Woodson, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the 1911: Baseball legend Josh Gibson born. 1883: Arthur Wergs Mitchell, first black 1867: Sarah “Madam C.J.” Walker, 1832: Charter granted to Georgia Infirmary, 1907: Cab Calloway, bandleader and first “Father of Black History,” born. Union, initiating the Civil War. Democrat to be elected to Congress, born. businesswoman and first black female the first black hospital. jazz singer to sell 1 million records, born. millionaire, born. Christmas

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1894: Jean Toomer, author of Cane, born. 1862: African Methodist Episcopal Zion 1905: Earl “Fatha” Hines, “Father of Modern 1924: Author, sportswriter A.S. “Doc” 1892: Dr. Miles V. Lynk publishes first black 1930: Odetta, blues and folk singer, born. Church founded in New Bern, North Carolina. Jazz Piano,” born. Young born. medical journal for physicians, the Medical Kwanzaa Begins and Surgical Observer.

African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericancalendar.com Biographies An avid runner, Dr. Coggs sprinted daily as part of his training for the 2006 national reputation for outstanding police leadership. Widely recognized for his Texas State Senior Games. He has won the Gold medal in the 400- and personal commitment to the patrol officers on the street and for his introduction 1500-meter events in his age bracket. In the 2009 National Senior Games, of creative crime-prevention programs, Mr. Hillard earned acclaim for his he won the seventh-place ribbon in the 400-meter run for men in the development of a stronger and closer relationship between police officers Clara L. Adams-Ender, R.N., M.S.N., M.M.A.S. age group 80-84. and the community. Brigadier General Clara L. Adams-Ender is founder, president and CEO of Caring About People with Enthusiasm (CAPE) Legacy Fund, Inc., a management Linda Ann Gillespie-Murakata, M.D., F.C.A.P., F.A.S.C.P. Among his many accomplishments were the establishment of a new Domestic consulting and inspirational speaking firm that specializes in health care Dr. Linda Ann Gillespie-Murakata is a board-certified anatomic and clinical Violence Program and an enhanced Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy management and health care reform, leadership issues and leader development, pathologist, specializing in liver and gastrointestinal pathology. Having retired program. Mr. Hillard also was the driving force behind the hugely successful cultural diversity, women in the workplace, and conflict management and from the Air Force in 2007, she continues to practice at the Armed Forces Enhanced Drug and Gang Enforcement Program. He retired as CPD resolution. She also is the current chairperson of the board of directors of Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in Washington, D.C., and with a gastroenterology superintendent in 2003, leaving a strong legacy of dedicated service to THE ROCKS, INC., an organization that mentors and assists those in the group in New Jersey. the department and the city of Chicago. military to transition into the civilian sector. Dr. Gillespie-Murakata hails from a long line of career military men, beginning A United States Marine Corps and Vietnam War veteran and the recipient After earning her B.S. in nursing from North Carolina Agricultural and with her grandfather, a Buffalo Soldier in the 9th and 10th Cavalry, who is of four combat medals and a Presidential Unit Citation, Mr. Hillard has Technical State University, Brigadier General Adams-Ender earned her M.S. buried at West Point, N.Y. Dr. Gillespie-Murakata, the middle of five children, received numerous honors for his service. His commendations include the in nursing from the University of Minnesota, and a master’s in military art was born in Harlem, N.Y., and raised in Long Branch, N.J. Seeking a better Superintendent’s Award of Valor, the Police Blue Star Award and the Chicago and science from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. future and to escape the stigma of “teenage welfare mother,” she decided to Police Department’s highest award – the prestigious Police Medal. enlist in the military to obtain an education. The military G.I. Bill provided Brigadier General Adams-Ender began her military career as a staff nurse in the tuition, which allowed Dr. Gillespie-Murakata to earn a B.S. from Montclair Gail Lumet Buckley, Ph.D. Army Nurse Corps and then became the chief executive officer for 22,000 nurses, University, N.J., and then earn an M.D. from the University of Medicine and Dr. Gail Lumet Buckley is the author of The Hornes: An American Family a brigadier general and director of personnel for the Army surgeon general. Dentistry in Newark, N.J. She then specialized in Anatomic and Clinical (Knopf, 1986) and American Patriots: The Story of Blacks in the Military from Brigadier General Adams-Ender also commanded an Army base, where she Pathology at Monmouth Medical Center, N.J., and re-entered the military as a the Revolution to Desert Storm (Random House, 2001). Both books were was responsible for a $90 million budget while providing quality customer Navy officer. The Navy sent her to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, national best sellers, and American Patriots was nominated for an NAACP services to 85 different constituent groups. where she completed two fellowships: hepatic pathology and gastrointestinal Image Award in addition to receiving the 2002 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award. pathology. Her first 12 years as staff pathologist at AFIP was in the Department She has held leadership positions in several professional organizations and of Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Pathology. Her last four years before retiring A frequent writer for The New York Times, Dr. Lumet Buckley has written boards, including the board of medicine for the Commonwealth of Virginia, were in the Department of Environmental and Toxicologic Pathology. articles and reviews since 1981 for The Los Angeles Times, New York Newsday, board of directors of Andrews Federal Credit Union and the board of visitors The New York Daily News and The Washington Post; as well as Vogue, Playboy, for the U.S. Marine Corps University. As a military doctor, Dr. Gillespie-Murakata provided expert consultations on Premiere, People and America magazines. She has appeared on many radio and difficult cases submitted from practicing pathologists worldwide. Her other television programs, including “Charlie Rose,” the “Today” show, “Weekend Brigadier General Adams-Ender was the first female in the Army to be awarded responsibilities were teaching, lecturing, and presenting cases at pathology courses Today” and “Jim Lehrer News Hour.” the Expert Field Medical Badge in 1967. In 1996, she was named by Working and meetings. Her extensive research is published in various peer-reviewed Woman magazine as one of 350 women who changed the world from medical journals, as well as book chapters for several professional pathology Dr. Lumet Buckley also has made numerous speaking appearances, including 1976-1996. Her community work and service awards include the Roy Wilkins books. Dr. Gillespie-Murakata formed a nonprofit organization, the Afrikasian the Boston Athenaeum and the Boston Museum of Afro-American History, Meritorious Service Award of the NAACP, the Gertrude E. Rush Award for Scholars Foundation, which provided yearly scholarships to minority students Brown v. Board of Education 49th Anniversary Celebration, The Citadel, The Leadership of the National Bar Association and the Distinguished Service from a similar background (single parents enrolled in higher education). She City University of New York, The Civil War Institute of Gettysburg College, Medal with Oakleaf Cluster from the U.S. Army. received the Achievement of Excellence award from the N.J. State Federation of The Detroit Public Library (C-Span), Dutchess County Community College, Colored Women’s Club, the Professional Achievement Award from the National Fordham University, The John F. Kennedy Library, The Library of America, Yvonne Darlene Cagle, M.D. Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, and The Year The Library of Congress National Book Festival Gala, Miami Book Fair Dr. Yvonne Darlene Cagle is an astronaut for the National Aeronautics and 2000 NAACP Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award. (C-Span), The Prologue Society, The National Arts Club, The Schomburg Space Administration (NASA), and consulting professor for Stanford Center, The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, The Tuskegee Airmen University’s department of cardiovascular medicine and its department of When the September 11th attacks happened, Dr. Gillespie-Murakata Convention, The at Dearborn, the National Security electrical engineering. In addition, Dr. Cagle also has served as a certified volunteered to staff the AFIP Emergency Operations Center and was awarded Agency, and many other venues. senior aviation medical examiner for the Federal Aviation Administration the Joint Service Commendation Medal. Other military awards include the and a qualified advanced cardiac life support instructor. National Defense Service Medal (3), Joint Service Commendation Medal (2), A recipient of an honorary doctorate degree from Southern Indiana University, and Defense Meritorious Service Award, among others. Dr. Lumet Buckley received her undergraduate education from Oakwood Dr. Cagle currently is the chief scientist for the Level II Program Office of NASA’s Friends School and Radcliffe College, where she graduated cum laude in 1959. Commercial Reuseable Suborbital Research program. She was assigned as Stanford’s After college, she worked for Journal Marie Claire in Paris (1959), the National lead astronaut science liaison and strategic relationships manager for Google Scholarship Service and Fund for Negro Students (1960-62), and Life magazine and other Silicon Valley programmatic partnerships. Her groundbreaking (1962-63). In 1980, she became a freelance writer and journalist.

work is preserving NASA legacy data while galvanizing NASA’s lead in global Elder Granger, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.P.E., F.A.C.H.E., C.M.Q., C.P.E. Vincent L. Moss, M.D., F.I.C.S., F.A.C.S.; and mapping, sustainable energies, green initiatives and disaster preparedness. Dr. Elder Granger served as the deputy director and program executive officer Vance J. Moss, M.D., F.I.C.S., F.A.C.S. of TRICARE Management Activity from December 2005 to May 2009. Drs. Vincent L. and Vance J. Moss are world-renowned surgeons with experience After earning her undergraduate degree from San Francisco State University, As principal advisor to the assistant secretary of defense on health plan policy in laser surgery technology and clinical practice. The two created the Mid-Atlantic Dr. Cagle earned an M.D. from the University of Washington. She completed and performance, he created the nation’s first and only large health plan Multi-Specialty Surgical Group in Howell, N.J., to bring convenient access to an internship at Highland General Hospital in Oakland, Calif., and a residency with a weblog for 9.4 million covered lives. state-of-the-art thoracic and urologic surgery to the region. They also provide the in family practice at Ghent Family Medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical latest technology to help diminish the cravings associated with smoking cessation. School in Norfolk, Va. As the chairman of Beck PRIDE Center for America’s Wounded Veterans National Advisory Council, Dr. Granger has provided first-class educational The identical twin brothers attended the United States Military Prep School Recipient of the National Defense Service Medal, Air Force Achievement Medal, programs and services for combat-wounded veterans at Arkansas State University. at West Point and became majors in the U.S. Army Reserves Medical Corps. United States Air Force Air Staff Exceptional Physician Commendation and They both graduated with a B.S. in science from Pennsylvania State University National Technical Association Distinguished Scientist Award, Dr. Cagle began Dr. Granger received an M.D. from the University of Arkansas School of and received their M.D.s from Temple University School of Medicine. her medical career as a certified flight surgeon. She was actively involved in Medicine (1980). He completed a residency in internal medicine (1983) and a mission support of aircraft providing medical support and rescue in a variety of fellowship in hematology-oncology (1986) at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. Drs. Vincent and Vance Moss have been honored with numerous awards for aeromedical missions. Dr. Cagle has contributed ongoing data to the longitudinal His military education includes the Army War College, the Army Command their dedication and hard work, including the ABC World News Person of the study on astronaut health and served as a consultant for space telemedicine. and General Staff College, the Army Medical Department Officer Advanced Year, N.J. Physician of the Year, Trumpet Award, Ellis Island Medal of Honor, and Basic Courses, Army CAPSTONE Courses, and the Combat Casualty Army Achievement Award and National Defense Service Medal. In addition, Dr. Cagle is on the advisory committee for the Texas Medical Center National Care Course. both doctors are affiliated with several professional societies, including the Center for Human Performance. She was a member of the NASA Working American Medical Association, the American College of Surgeons and the Group, and traveled to to establish international medical standards and Prior to joining TRICARE Management Activity, Dr. Granger led the largest United States Army Reserves. procedures for astronauts. She also has served on the Volunteer Family Practice U.S. and multinational battlefield health system while serving as commander, Clinical Faculty at the University of California at Davis. Task Force 44th Medical Command, and command surgeon for the Dr. Vincent L. Moss, a fellowship-trained thoracic surgeon, specializes in Multinational Corps in Iraq. minimally invasive pulmonary and chest surgery. He is committed to improving Granville C. Coggs, M.D., F.A.C.R. treatment of tobacco-related illness and also advancing the technology of For more than 31 years, Dr. Granville C. Coggs worked as a general diagnostic Dr. Granger has received numerous awards, decorations and honors, including smoking-cessation laser therapy. He also has introduced to Kimball Medical radiologist, focusing on the radiological detection of breast cancer. the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, the Center, N.J., a new, sophisticated surgical procedure for chronic gastroesophageal Order of Military Medical Merit, and the Office of Secretary of Defense Staff reflux disease called Nissen Fundoplication, a digestive condition that causes After high school, Dr. Coggs volunteered for the all-black combat unit of the Badge. His professional affiliations include fellow and member of the board severe heartburn in nearly one-third of the American population. U.S. Army Air Corps and became a Tuskegee Airman. He first trained and of directors of the American College of Physician Executives, member of the received his wings as an aerial gunner. He later trained as an aerial bombardier, National Medical Association, member of the Interagency Institute for Dr. Vance J. Moss is a urologist who specializes in advanced minimally and received his bombardier wings and commission as a second lieutenant in Federal Health Care Executives, fellow of the American College of Healthcare invasive surgery to treat prostate cancer and kidney stones. He also is one of January 1945. Following bombardier training, he trained as a multiengine Executives, Fellow of the American College of Physicians, member of the the pioneers who formed the Temple-Crozer Transplant Program, which is a pilot and flew the B-25 Mitchell bomber in advanced pilot training. He American Society of Clinical Oncology and member of the American collaborative effort between two of the region’s leading health care providers received his wings as a military pilot in October 1945. College of Medical Quality. to enhance the care of kidney transplant patients in Delaware County, Pa., and beyond. In 1949, following World War II, he earned his B.S., with distinction, from Terry G. Hillard the University of Nebraska. At the University of Nebraska, he was inducted into Terry G. Hillard is one of the most highly respected law enforcement executives Adam M. Robinson Jr., M.D. the academic excellence honor societies of Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi and Phi in the nation today. Presently, he serves as cofounder and partner of Hillard Vice Admiral Adam M. Robinson Jr. currently is serving as the 36th surgeon Lambda Upsilon. He received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1953 Heintze LLC, acting as strategic security advisor for several major businesses, general of the U.S. Navy, and chief of the Navy’s Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. and completed a three-year residency in radiology at University of California government agencies, and prominent individuals. Mr. Hillard also is coauthor He also is a member of Le Societe Internationale de Chirurgie, the Society of Hospitals, San Francisco in 1958. of the highly acclaimed Chicago Police: An Inside View, a book stressing the Black Academic Surgeons and the National Business School Scholastic Society, importance of integrity and ethics, and used widely by the law enforcement Beta Gamma Sigma. Dedicated to his profession, Dr. Coggs coinvented the precision breast lesion community for training purposes. localizer, which is a portable device and method for precisely positioning a Vice Admiral Robinson received his M.D. from Indiana University of Medicine, probe tip relative to a target lesion in a bodily protuberance. He also invented In 1968, Mr. Hillard became a member of the Chicago Police Department (CPD), followed by his completion of his surgical internship at Southern Illinois the central x-ray beam guided breast biopsy system, which is attached to a beginning a remarkably distinguished law enforcement career. He was wounded University School of Medicine. He completed his residency in general surgery standard mammography machine and designed to facilitate the performance in the line of duty while apprehending a dangerous offender who had shot four at the National Naval Medical Center. He then went on to complete a of precise, accurate breast biopsies. suburban police officers. Promoted to increasingly higher positions of authority, fellowship in colon and rectal surgery at Carle Foundation Hospital. he served in several Chicago police districts and units. Mr. Hillard holds the Dr. Coggs received the Silver medal award for excellence of a scientific exhibit, distinction of being Chicago’s first African American chief of detectives and “Non-Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cysts,” presented at the deputy chief of patrol. 1969 annual meeting of the National Medical Association in San Francisco, Calif. The exhibit also received an honorable mention at the 1970 annual The pinnacle of Mr. Hillard’s police career was when he was appointed, in 1998, meeting of The American Medical Association in Chicago, Ill. superintendent of the Chicago Police, the second largest police department in the nation with more than 13,500 sworn officers. He quickly established a Biographies Jeannette E. South-Paul, M.D. As a result of her dedication and hard work, Dr. Trowell-Harris received the For more than 22 years, Dr. Jeannette E. South-Paul served as a family Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Outstanding and Invaluable Service to physician in the United States Army. She then joined the department of family the Community Award, Outstanding Performance Award, Congressional medicine at the University of Pittsburgh in 2001 and was appointed the Recognition, and special recognition from the VA Central Office Federal Beginning his naval career as general medical officer for the Branch Medical school’s Andrew W. Mathieson professor department chair in 2005. Women’s Program Committee. Dr. Trowell-Harris also was recognized as Clinic in Fort Allen, Puerto Rico, in 1977, Vice Admiral Robinson also served one of the “21 Leaders of the 21st Century” by Women’s eNews. as ship’s surgeon on the USS John F. Kennedy, and USS Coral Sea in 1987 and Dr. South-Paul earned a B.S. in medical technology from the University of in 1988. He joined the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery as director of readiness, Pennsylvania and an M.D. from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Trowell-Harris has been a key speaker nationally and internationally on then was selected principal director of clinical and program policy in the She completed an internship and residency at the Eisenhower Army Medical legislation, leadership, team building, mentoring, educational opportunities, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Center, Ft. Gordon, Ga. She completed a family medicine faculty health care issues, women’s benefits and services to various organizations; development fellowship at the University of North Carolina. including Congress, university, political, federal, state, private, youth, The author of numerous presentations and publications, Vice Admiral Robinson women’s and minority groups. holds fellowships in the American College of Surgeons, and the American A board-certified family physician, Dr. South-Paul maintains an active family Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery. He holds certification as a Certified medicine practice at the Matilda Theiss Health Center, a federally qualified She currently is an adjunct graduate faculty member at the Uniformed Services Physician Executive from the American College of Physician Executives. health center operated by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. University of the Health Sciences, a member of Sigma Theta Tau and Kappa Her research interests include maternal child health and fitness, and evaluating Delta Pi Honor Society, and on the National Advisory Council for Business Vice Admiral Robinson’s personal decorations include the Distinguished Service cultural competence in clinicians and trainees. and Professional Women in the U.S. Medal, Legion of Merit, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, Joint Service Achievement Medal, Navy Dr. South-Paul remains active in her community and profession, participating L. Douglas Wilder, J.D. Achievement Medal, and various service and campaign awards. in more than 10 professional and civic affiliations, including Browns Hill Bible Mr. L. Douglas Wilder became the first African American to be elected governor Chapel, volunteering at the Ninth Street Free Clinic, the Christian Medical and in the U.S., leading the Commonwealth of Virginia (1990-1994), the first Michael J. Singleton, M.D., M.B.A. Dental Society, and Gateway Medical Society. She currently works with teen African American state senator in Virginia since Reconstruction (1969-1985) Commander Michael J. Singleton serves as the senior medical officer on the mothers to build life skills and delay another pregnancy through funding from and the first elected African American mayor of Richmond, Va. (2005-2009). amphibious assault ship USS Peleliu. In this role, he is responsible for the the Heinz Endowments. Currently he is a distinguished professor at Virginia Commonwealth health care and well-being of the ship’s crew and embarked troops; for whom University’s L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs. he delivers preventive, emergent, urgent and routine care services with the Dr. South-Paul has held leadership positions in several organizations and boards, help of his medical, dental and surgical staff. including the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, World Organization of An attorney by profession, Mr. Wilder gained recognition as a leading criminal National Colleges of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Family trial lawyer. He graduated from Howard University Law School and later Commander Singleton received his M.B.A. in health care management from Physicians’ Future of Family Medicine Task Force and Quality Care for Diverse established Wilder, Gregory & Associates. Prior to obtaining his law degree, The George Washington University and his M.D. from the University of Populations Project, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Mr. Wilder graduated from Virginia Union University with a B.S. in chemistry. California, Los Angeles. He completed his internship in internal medicine at American Medical Association. Loma Linda Medical Center and residency at Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Known for his sound fiscal management and balancing a state budget during Center. Upon returning to active duty, he quickly rose to the position of Irene Trowell-Harris, R.N., Ed.D. difficult economic times, Mr. Wilder’s achievements also include providing state department head, and used his leadership skills to inspire his staff of two As the first African American female of the National Guard to be promoted health care coverage for sickle-cell anemia patients, toughening penalties for clinical nurses, two primary care providers and five corpsmen to provide high- to general officer, Dr. Irene Trowell-Harris is now director of the Department capital murderers and prison escapees, and expanding low- and moderate-income quality primary and specialty health care services to active duty servicemen of Veterans Affairs’ Center for Women Veterans and serves as primary advisor to housing. Mr. Wilder led the establishment of a state holiday honoring and women, retirees and their family members. the secretary of Veterans’ Affairs. Her daily responsibilities include monitoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., making Virginia the first state in the nation to and coordinating programs, policies, and legislation for America’s 1.8 million have a legislative holiday for Dr. King. Prior to joining the USS Peleliu, Commander Singleton was a combat internist women veterans. in Iraq, and provided health care services to injured American military and Mr. Wilder was appointed chairman of Governor Mark Warner’s Commission civilian personnel. He also was a staff attending physician at the Naval Medical After earning her diploma in nursing from Columbia Hospital School of on Efficiency and Effectiveness in 2002. That year he also cochaired the Center San Diego. There, he provided guidance and instructions to interns and Nursing, Dr. Trowell-Harris earned her B.A. in health education from Jersey Wilder-Bliley Charter Commission that advocated the at-large election of the residents during both hospitalized and outpatient clinical patient encounters. City State College. She holds an M.P.H. in public health from Yale University mayor of the city of Richmond. He has chaired committees on transportation, and a doctorate in education from Columbia University. rehabilitation and social services, and privileges and elections. He successfully Commander Singleton also served as a United States Air Force Space sponsored Virginia’s first drug paraphernalia law and the compulsory school Systems operation officer and, subsequently, as a Satellite Mission Planner Dr. Trowell-Harris is a recipient of the Air Force Distinguished Service and attendance law. and Space Systems Acquisitions officer. Legion of Merit awards; and served 38 years in the U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard, retiring in September 2001 as a major general (2 stars). She has Recipient of more than 36 honorary degrees, Mr. Wilder has received numerous held numerous positions, including chief nurse executive, flight nurse examiner, awards, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored commander, advisor for nursing and readiness, and military representative to People Spingarn Medal, the Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Medallion of Honor, the the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services. Southern Christian Leadership Conference Drum Major for Justice Award and the Thurgood Marshall Award of Excellence. Mr. Wilder also was awarded the Bronze Star for heroism in combat during the Korean War.

SPECIAL THANKS September October Raymond Arroyo, Aetna Inc., Hartford, Connecticut http://baic.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=125 Commemorative Air Force (CAF) Lisa Chu-Thielbar, NASA, Moffett Field, California http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/bluford-gs.html CenTex Wing Gilda Collazo, MSC, United States Navy, http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-151201531.html San Marcos, Texas Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, D.C. Aircraft property of the CAF. Jane Condron, Aetna Inc., Hartford, Connecticut October Floyd Green, Aetna Inc., Hartford, Connecticut http://www.biography.com/blackhistory/black-history-timeline.jsp November Terri Lyn Greene, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Wilder_Lawrence_Douglas_1931- Washington, D.C. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ruth Jones, L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and November December Public Affairs, Richmond, Virginia http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=r000515 Anschultz Medical Campus Vanessa King, Mid-Atlantic Multi-Specialty Surgical Group, http://www.house.gov/rush/bio.shtml University of Colorado Howell, New Jersey http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/dewilson.htm Denver, Colorado William Kramer, Aetna Inc., Blue Bell, Pennsylvania Rachel Prucey, NASA, Moffett Field, California December CREDITS Dawn Romberg, Aetna Inc., Hartford, Connecticut http://www.raahistory.com/u2.htm Produced by Aetna Inc. Doris Ryan, United States Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- Hartford, Connecticut Washington, D.C. dyn/content/article/2009/05/23/AR2009052301529.html Peggy Garrity, Project Manager Dale Villani, Aetna Inc., Hartford, Connecticut PHOTOGRAPHY LOCATIONS Project Assistants TIMELINE SOURCES Introduction Myrna Blum Introduction New York, New York Lisa Rossini http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/4447/Salem-Peter-c-1750-1816.html Sharon Valechko http://www.ufphq.com/aams.htm January http://womenshistory.about.com/od/harriettubman/a/tubman_civilwar.htm Lake Shore Drive Creative Development http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-632 Chicago, Illinois Pita Communications LLC Rocky Hill, Connecticut January February Emily Cretella, Writer http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/nc/bio/afro/revels.htm Washington, D.C. Megan Nielsen, Writer http://www.buffalosoldier.net/HenryO.Flipper2.htm Kim Pita, Content Supervisor March Lisa Santoro, Creative Director/Graphic Designer February L. Douglas Wilder Library and Learning Resource Center http://www.robertsmalls.org/timeline.htm Virginia Union University Photography http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BBH1998.html#1 Richmond, Virginia Lou Jones Studio http://www.homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/flag/1bfa_hist5carney.html Boston, Massachusetts April Lou Jones, Photographer March NASA Exploration Center http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BBH1998.html NASA Ames Research Center Photography Assistants http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/integrate/CHRON3.html Moffett Field, California Leah Cornwell Michael DeStefano April May Matt Kalinowski http://www.tnstate.edu/library/digital/hastie.htm USS Peleliu Keith McWilliams American Patriots: The Story of Blacks in the Military from the Revolution to Desert Storm San Diego, California http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BBH1998.html Printing June Allied Printing May The Matilda Theiss Health Center Manchester, Connecticut http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152746/Benjamin-O-Davis-Jr Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania http://www.biography.com/articles/M.-Joycelyn-Elders-9285785 TO ORDER CALENDARS July Additional calendars are available for $4 each. June Washington Navy Yard To order please send a check, payable to Aetna, to: http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BreakBMW.html Washington, D.C. Aetna African American History Calendar http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=H065 Corporate Communications, RW3H August 151 Farmington Avenue July Crozer-Chester Medical Center Hartford, CT 06156 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=timelines/african-american-history-timeline-1900-2000 Chester, Pennsylvania http://www.raahistory.com/military/navy/gravely.htm Phone: 860-273-0509 September Fax: 860-273-6675 August Armed Forces Institute of Pathology http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BreakBMW.html Walter Reed Army Medical Center http://bishop.house.gov/display.cfm?content_id=4 Washington, D.C. 00.00.924.1 (12.09)