A Publication of the International Dark-Sky Association

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Issue # 92 | 2014 • $2.50 nightscape A Publication of the International Dark-Sky Association

IN THIS ISSUE 2 the IDA Smart Urban Lighting Initiative 4 A Tale of Four Cities: Taking Lighting Research to the People 7 A New Year’s Resolution 8 iDA News 8 new Partnership with Celestron 9 iDA Welcomes Four New IDSPlaces 11 iDSP Program: What’s New and On the Horizon 14 iDA Québec Celebrates 10 Years! 14 Malibu Community Alliance Funraiser 15 Musgave Becomes IDA Ambassador 16 national Coverage Increases Public Awareness 17 iDA 2014 Annual General Meeting 17 new and Returning Board Members for 2014 18 contract at Pepperdine University 19 chapter News 20 Dark Sky News 20 Remembering Joe Orr 20 the Loss of Night App in 11 Languages 21 Dates Set for 2014 Globe at Night Program 21 ALAN Held in Berlin

22 iDA 2013 Annual Report © www.petercox.ie

From the Executive Director The mission of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is to preserve and protect the nighttime environment and our heritage of dark skies through environmentally responsible outdoor lighting. IDA was incorporated in 1988 as a tax-exempt Dear Members, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. (FIN 74-2493011) The last year was a good year, but 2014 is shaping up to be even better. Thanks to our success with the Florida sea turtle habitat restoration project, Chapters we will be able to make real progress on several important projects this year. Australia, Österreich/Austria, Canada (2), First is the Save Our Stars (SOS) outreach program. We will be signing up República de Chile/Chile, as many groups as we can for a spring launch. The program is designed to Cˇ eská Republika/Czech Republic, engage the public in night sky outreach events within a short drive of urban 中国/China(4), India, Éire/Ireland, /Israel, Ελλάςα/Greece, areas. Volunteers will briefly talk about light pollution and demonstrate com- 香港/Hong Kong, Magyarország/Hungary, mon sense ways that everyone can use to reduce wasted light. Italia/Italy, 日本/Japan, The SOS outreach program utilizes our short film “Losing the Dark” to pro- Repubblika ta’ Malta/Malta, vide a general overview, followed by hands-on activities such as a “live” light Slovenija/Slovenia, Schweiz/Switzerland, shielding demonstration and night sky brightness monitoring using the Dark Sverige/Sweden, United States (36) Sky Meter and Losing the Night free smartphone apps. Attendees will then enjoy Affiliates the rest of the evening stargazing with telescopes provided by SOS volunteers. België/Belgium, Canada, Deutschland/Germany, If you and your astronomy club or community group would like to partici- France, Nederland/Netherlands, Polska/Poland, United Kingdom, Türkiye/Turkey, pate in this exciting new program, please contact SOS Program Manager John United States (8) Barentine at [email protected]. Participating clubs will receive discounted IDA memberships and volunteers will get some great gear. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Speaking of volunteers, do you have time to devote to making the night Officers sky better in your community? We want to energize and strengthen our IDA PRESIDENT James Dougherty VICE PRESIDENT J. Kelly Beatty chapter program and we’d love your help. IDA chapters do important work Secretary Connie Walker in their communities and are integral to the success of IDA’s mission. Check Treasurer Christian K. Monrad out our Resources page on the IDA website to find a chapter near you. If no IDA chapter exists in your area, why not start one! Simply fill out an IDA DIRECTORS At Large chapter application form. To help support chapter volunteers and dark sky James R. Benya Dr. Tim Hunter advocates, we will be holding several webinars this year to hear your ideas Christoper Kyba and provide training in areas such as how to advocate for lighting ordinances Nels Neutwiler and working with public officials. Contact Scott Kardel at [email protected] Martin Morgan-Taylor Dr. Mario Motta for more information. Scott Roberts Another initiative we are launching this year is the Smart Urban Lighting Leo Smith program. It is designed to help cities make the transition to new lighting tech- IDA STAFF nologies without degrading the night sky. While many new fixtures are more EDITOR Cheryl Ann Bishop energy efficient than older technologies, too often city planners ignore ways WriterS IDA Staff to save considerably more energy such as reducing illumination levels, imple- executive director Robert Parks menting lighting curfews and only lighting areas that need it. We must reach MANAGING director Scott Kardel out to every city before they make tragic mistakes that could harm night skies MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR Susan Ciarniello technical advisor Matthew Root for years to come. (See page 2 to learn more about the SUL initiative.) coMMUNICATIONS & The IDA 2013 Annual Report begins on page 22 in this issue of Nightscape. PUBLIC AFFAIRS DIRECTOR Cheryl Ann Bishop It has been an exciting and rewarding year for us. Thank you for being part of proGRAM MANAGER John C. Barentine it and, as always, we are grateful for your support. Nightscape All the best, Address corrections: [email protected] Advertisements & submissions: [email protected]

Nightscape, a publication of the Bob Parks, Executive Director International Dark-Sky Association, is published quarterly.

Contact International Dark-Sky Association 3223 N. First Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719 USA Image of night sky and Orion constellation over Skellig Islands taken from tel +1-520-293-3198 On the Cover fax +1-520-293-3192 the Kerry International Dark Sky Reserve in Ireland. Image captured by website www.darksky.org Peter Cox, an award-winning landscape photographer from Dublin, Ireland. email [email protected] To see more of his work, visit www.petercox.ie. For more information contact: [email protected] 1 photo credit: Bob Parks The IDA Smart Urban Lighting Initiative by Bob Parks

he International Dark-Sky with older high intensity discharge Association Smart Urban The principles of technology. Trying to use this new T Lighting (SUL) initiative is being technology with old design practices designed to help cities and communities the SUL initiative will result in missed opportunities to install outdoor lighting that maximizes save at least twice the energy possible energy efficiency by reducing waste are simple: light from just the efficiency improvement from over lighting, unwarranted light- between the two lighting technologies. ing, uplight, glare and light trespass. only what is Based on new research from The IDA will be developing the Nancy Clanton and Associates and the program in consultation with lighting needed, when Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, manufacturers, engineers and design- a new understanding of visibility has ers, vision scientists and public safety needed, and only emerged. (See page 4 to learn more professionals to ensure that its recom- about their research.) This research mendations will result in improved at illumination demonstrates the need to clearly focus visibility and safety while meeting on visual contrast when developing ambitious conservation goals. levels necessary to lighting standards. Unfortunately, In the rush to embrace new solid most current lighting standards tend state lighting (SSL) technology many get the job done. to focus only on illumination levels cities have found it difficult to find and uniformity with little concern for comprehensive information regarding their effect on visibility. We believe the the best choices to achieve optimum only when needed, and only at the results of this new research show that results from outdoor lighting modern- illumination levels necessary to get the the future of lighting standards must ization plans. Lighting manufactur- job done. While these principles are be based on contrast: both luminance ers and sales professionals cannot be simple, they are often overlooked in and color. This new metric for visibil- expected to provide extensive consult- urban lighting design. The result has ity will allow for dramatically reduced ing in this critical transition, as many been escalating energy costs, increased light levels using broad spectra light

of the most important elements may CO2 emissions, and light pollution. The sources like SSL. not be in their inventory. This program primary reasons behind this trend are At the same time, the SUL initia- seeks to incorporate the best technolo- a genuine concern for public safety tive stresses quality lighting design gies and products and provide new and lighting standards that have not that eliminates glare and light tres- designs that maximize the energy ef- kept pace with technological progress pass. Designs that don’t address these ficiency by minimizing waste. and vision science research. LED (light basic concepts impair visibility on a The principles of the SUL initiative emitting diode) lighting is a new tech- physiological level. In creating new are simple: light only what is needed, nology offering options not available urban lighting designs, the principles

2 of vision science must be incorporated. this reduction, the SUL instead recom- impact on the nocturnal environment, Understanding concepts like phot- mends the use of low-level, pedestri- but blue-rich white light will signifi- opic, mesoptic and scotopic vision and an-friendly sidewalk and path lighting. cantly increase circadian disruption. visual adaption are essential to design This can be enhanced by the use of Circadian disruption occurs when for maximum efficiency, safety and high reflective coatings on concrete ALAN disturbs the regular rhythm of visual comfort. Lighting designs that sidewalks to provide additional verti- day and night. All species have evolved ignore these principles in an effort to cal illumination for facial recognition. under a cycle of roughly 12 hours of meet antiquated standards based only Bollards and fixtures on short poles day and 12 hours of night. When this on illumination levels and uniformity, move the source of illumination closer is disrupted, the negative impacts on result in compromised visibility, ef- to the intended surfaces allowing dra- a wide range of activities and biologi- ficiency and safety. matic reductions in energy. As with all cal functions can be devastating. While The lighting design concepts of SUL lighting, this pedestrian lighting humans may be better able to control the SUL program encourage the use should use adaptive controls to their nocturnal environment, most of the right amount of illumination maximize energy reduction. species cannot. For this reason outdoor for the task and the reduction of il- The color of lighting has received lighting must be installed to minimize lumination levels when vehicle and new attention as LED technology has its impact on the environment. pedestrian density decreases. The use arrived on the scene. The color of light Good ecologically responsible out- of adaptive controls that adjust light- is often considered just an aesthetic door lighting will employ color tem- ing levels over time are essential to issue, but color can have profound peratures that are as warm as feasible meeting the goals of the SUL program. impacts on both visibility and ecology. while also eliminating glare and light Many cities are reticent to dim lighting White LED technology initially had trespass. Fortunately, LED technology to meet changing conditions and in- very high blue-rich content due to the is capable of providing all of these stead maintain excessive illumination nature of its design. As the technology requirements efficiently. levels in a misguided effort to ensure has matured, the ability to shift energy A reasonable balance between “safety.” Real safety, including reduc- into the longer wavelength portion of maximum energy efficiency and tion of crime and accidents, is not the visible spectrum has improved. adverse ecological impact must be enhanced by over lighting. While there With this shift, the efficacy of “warm- maintained. Being “green” is not just is a general consensus that the “feeling er” color temperature options has also a question of energy savings. New of safety” may increase when lighting increased. Other improvements in ecologically responsible developments levels increase, statistical evidence in- technology allow us to dynamically in LED include amber LED and filtered dicating that safety actually increases “tune” the spectrum of the fixture to LED that remove blue light by eliminat- does not exist. In fact, some studies minimize its impact on the environ- ing wavelengths below 500 nanome- show a correlation between increased ment, including human health. While ters. These technologies, along with lighting levels and an increase in crime. consumers appear to prefer “white” the use of fully shielded low pressure The SUL new lighting designs light over high and low pressure so- sodium, can be used in and around use recommendations from the dium light sources, evidence suggests ecologically sensitive areas, optical as- Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) that consumers dislike blue-rich white tronomy facilities and for communities that now recognize the significant role light, as well. with a high degree of awareness and automobile headlights play in illumi- While consumer preference is one concern for the environment. nating the nighttime environment. factor in the choice of the color of light- Based on soon to be released IES guide- ing, the general public is often unaware IDA will be in Las Vegas to promote the Smart Urban Lighting initiative at LightFair lines, the SUL recommends no street of the environmental and human International on June 3-5. Executive Direc- lighting on roads that have speed lim- health impact of artificial light at night tor Bob Parks will also be speaking at the its of 35 per hour or less. To augment (ALAN). ALAN already has a negative conference on the topic.

An example of good pathway lighting on the campus of George Mason A bird’s eye view of light pollution in Chicago. Photo Credit: Jim Richardson University in Fairfax, Virginia. Photo Credit: Bob Parks

3 t the 2013 IDA Annual General Meeting, Nancy Clanton presented research results of a multi-year effort to determine public perceptions of street lighting under various conditions while also measuring the visibility of objects. Nancy is a professional engineer and president of Clanton and Associates, a lighting design firm in Boulder, Colorado, and a co-investigator with Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. The individual studies were funded by Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, City of Anchorage, City of San Jose and San Diego Gas and Electric. Her AGM talk, titled “A Tale Of Four Cities,” contained, as Nancy put it, “five years of research in 15 minutes.” The researchers set out to address a number of research questions related to the ways we light our roads and streets. The factors thought to influence visibility of objects like pedestrians include the color, intensity, and distribution of light, as well as the condition of the pavement (wet versus dry). Rather than gauging opinions of lighting industry professionals, the researchers sought out “real people” in each community and attempted to control for demographics by including participants of both genders and a wide range of ages. Participants were recruited in part through social media and in Seattle, offered nominal compensation for their time in the form of gift cards. Nancy and her co-investigators devised a two-part system to collect both subjective and objective data on the effects of various types of lighting on the comfort and safety of pedestrians and drivers. In each location, tempo- rary lighting was installed along short lengths of city streets including a variety of lamp types and illumination levels. Participants were first led on foot through the specially- lighted areas and asked to respond to survey questions about whether they felt the lighting was comfortable and safe. Next, they were individually driven at 35 miles per hour down the same streets and asked to spot a series of randomly positioned, colored “visibility targets” in and near the roadway. When a participant saw a target, he or she pushed a button that triggered equipment mounted on the vehicle measuring the distance to the target, color charac- teristics of the scene, luminance and illuminance. Nancy said the measurement process resulted in the collection of “thousands of pieces of data.” by John Barentine The team observed a combination of geography and psychology at work in Anchorage, Alaska, a city that sees extended periods of both darkness and daylight throughout the year. At 400 Watts (W) per high-pressure sodium (HPS) luminaire, lighting levels in Anchorage are roughly three times higher than most cities in the lower 48 states. In addition to HPS, a variety of light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures were tested; researchers found that even when they dropped the lighting level in Anchorage to a mere nine percent of the standard 400 W HPS fixture, the detection dis-

4 Survey participants evaluate lighting in San Diego. Photo Credit: Scott Kardel tance of the visibility targets only dropped by about 30 per- detection distance for visibility targets compared to either cent. From this result, they concluded that the Anchorage type of sodium lamp at a considerably lower energy cost. standard results in overlighting of city streets. This shows that the color of street lighting is as important In San Diego, where 250 W HPS is the street lighting as the intensity of light it produces. “Lighting level,” Nancy standard, visibility under the various lamp types was tested found, “doesn’t necessarily mean better detection.” at 100 and 50 percent of the corresponding lighting level. The most thorough study of the project was conducted The team again found that decreasing light levels by a in Seattle in the spring of 2012, paring down the variables certain, fixed percentage did not result in a proportional de- even further. In previous cities, they used fixtures from crease in the object detection distance. Of the lamps tested, different manufacturers. For example, the glare from one fix- Nancy said, 250 W HPS was “the biggest loser when it comes ture to the next differed. In Seattle, they sole-sourced the fix- to detection distance, compared to the other sources.” tures used and looked at three, different relative lighting lev- The color of lighting was examined when the survey els (100, 50, and 25 percent) among the same three LED color made its next stop in San Jose, Calif. In addition to the temperatures used in San Jose. This approach, as Nancy put standard HPS (2100 Kelvin, or K) and low-pressure sodium it, asked, “Where are we going to hit the cliff of the ‘visibility (1700 K) color temperatures, three color temperatures of LED plateau’?” They hypothesized that the detection distance for (3500, 4100, and 5000 K) were also represented in trials. The visibility targets would plummet at the lowest lighting levels. bluer LEDs (4000 K and 5000 K) yielded the same or larger In addition, the researchers intended to test both wet and dry pavement conditions; despite Seattle’s notoriously rainy A vehicle specially outfitted by VTTI to take measurements climate, no rain fell during their survey period. As a result, of visibility in the road survey. Photo Credit: SCOTT KARDEL the City of Seattle used tanker trucks to spray the streets with water to simulate wet road conditions. The 332 participants were divided into a total of six groups, one at each combination of LED lighting level and wet/dry pavement condition. In the subjective survey, Nancy and her collaborators found no statistically significant difference in responses regarding the participants’ feelings as to whether they found the lighting level “comfortable,” regardless of wet/dry conditions. The results surprised the team. “The whole idea that the public won’t want you to dim the lights?” Nancy asked the AGM audience. “They don’t even know you’ve done it!” That survey subjects felt equally comfortable in low and high levels of light was attributed to the logarithmic, rather than linear, response of the human eye to light. There was also no significant difference in each case when subjects were asked if they found the light levels to be “safe” at certain combinations of intensity and pavement condition. Participants reported feeling safer at lower levels of light. Continues on page 6

5 A Tale of Four Cities Continued from page 5

Opinions about lighting color had a surprising geo- be consider in the future. Visibility is clearly linked to graphic dependence. While participants in San Diego and contrast, she said, not the absolute lighting level. Adaptive San Jose preferred the 3500 K LED fixtures for comfort and strategies like dimming lighting do not appear to change safety, Seattleites preferred the slightly bluer light of 4100 the contrast of objects, and a higher degree of lighting uni- K LEDs. Furthermore, subjects in Seattle showed a distinct formity appears to decrease visibility. Color also matters. In preference for color based on gender: women liked warmer Seattle, 4100 K LED lamps were tops in visibility, providing colors while men favored cooler temperatures. Nancy the best color contrast for a variety of objects. Nancy sug- speculated that because it is thought that the X chromo- gested that standards organizations should reorient their some encodes some of the biological machinery of color vi- recommendations toward contrast-based criteria instead of sion, men are not as sensitive to color as women. It remains relying solely on lighting levels. Also, policymakers would do unclear, however, why the gender difference was noted with well to consider lighting curfews, or other adaptive lighting statistical significance only in Seattle. controls, given the study results. The team found that because many street lighting designs Perhaps we need to thoroughly re-think how we light don’t take sidewalks fully into account, streetlights deliver our streets. “Maybe it’s something in the curbing that inadequate amounts of light for pedestrians when the fix- shoots light across the roads,” Nancy said. “Maybe it’s OLEDs tures are set to emit less light. They key is backlight, a term [Organic LEDs], maybe it’s striping, maybe it’s something ac- characterizing how much light a particular luminaire emits tivated. What if our cell phones could activate lighting as we in the backward direction. Dark-sky friendly fixture design walk down the street?” LED technology offers the ability to often reduces backlight on which pedestrians rely. “If your tune the color of lighting to the need at hand; for example, street light is not designed to light the sidewalk, we’ve got a street lights could give off more blue light during rush hour problem here,” Nancy said. “Maybe we should design street and switch to longer wavelength light at night. lighting to light the sidewalks differently than the streets.” Technology offers lighting designers more choices than The driving tests in Seattle were the piece de résistance ever in the amount and color of light, as well as where that of Nancy’s AGM talk. They considered all lighting levels and light can be placed on our streets. The research that Nancy colors, and pavement conditions, finding that standard 250 and her collaborators have undertaken adds information W HPS fixtures gave the worst results in terms of object designers can use to make outdoor lighting more ecologi- detection distance. 4100 K LED fixtures improved detec- cally sensitive and dark-sky friendly while enhancing our tion distance 100 percent over standard HPS, regardless of safety and security in public places at night. whether the pavement was wet or dry. The uniformity of Nancy E. Clanton is founder and president of Clanton & Associates, lighting didn’t help, suggesting that street light poles may a lighting design firm specializing in sustainable design. Her be spaced too closely together in most urban settings. presentation, “A Tale of Four Cities: Taking Lighting Research Nancy summarized the key results of the overall study to the People,” is available at: http://bit.ly/1iu5fny. and made suggestions for what lighting standards should

OBJECT VISIBILITY TEST RESULTS 160 RED: Stopping distance A A 140 at 25mph (wet)* B 120 B/C C 100 Results from object visibility D tests in Seattle under all 80 conditions. The blue bars represent the distance at 60 which subjects saw the visibility targets according 40 to lamp type and color. The 20 horizontal red bar shows the range of distances required MEAN DETECTION DISTANCE (FEET) MEAN DETECTION DISTANCE 0 to bring a vehicle to a full 250W 3500K 400W 4100K 5000K ASYMMETRIC stop from 25 MPH on wet LPS LED HPS LED LED LED pavement conditions.

6 A New Year’s Resolution Let’s commit to stopping the spread of light pollution, the single greatest threat to our enjoyment of the night sky. by J. Kelly Beatty

For 25 years the International Dark- of light pollution will not only be slowed but Sky Association has been fighting light even reversed. pollution, the single greatest threat to our Here’s the problem, though: The IDA enjoyment of the night sky. Isn’t it time that isn’t getting enough support from the very amateur astronomers worldwide gave their individuals who stand to gain the most full support to the IDA? from its success: amateur and professional Many of us remember a time when the astronomers. Statistically, only about one night sky was dark pretty much every- of every 100 backyard stargazers is an IDA where. I was particularly lucky, coming of member. How sad. age in a rural California town above which Sure, most of you will nod knowingly, the stars shone like diamonds on black even sympathetically, whenever the sub- velvet. I could just walk outside on a sum- ject of light pollution is brought up. That’s mer’s night and – wham! – the Milky Way a start, but how about showing some practically assaulted my eyes. real support for the cause? You can join These days I’m on the other side of the IDA for a modest $35 per year. That’s the country, but I can still see some of the probably comparable to what you pay to Milky Way from my suburban home on belong to your local astronomy club. For a good night. I count myself among the the cost of a single high-end eyepiece, you fortunate in that respect. But the situation could remain an IDA member for 10 years. isn’t perfect. Over time the light pollution So what have I done about light pollu- from Boston and from the ugly commercial tion, you might ask in reply? A decade ago, sprawl of nearby Nashua, New Hampshire, standards than any big city in the country, when I stepped away from working on Sky have nibbled away at my stars. and Kitt Peak’s night sky is still dark. & Telescope to become editor of its sibling I’ll bet you’ve experienced the same Meanwhile, the IDA’s influence has publication, Night Sky, I made the decision loss, if not worse. Most of you can’t see grown steadily. Two years ago it created to get seriously involved in the light-pollu- the Milky Way from your backyard any- an award-winning video, Losing the Dark, tion fight. I taught myself the technicalities more. You probably don’t spend as much that’s been translated into 12 languages of illumination. I threw myself into creating time looking for meteors because skyglow and downloaded for use by more than 800 outdoor-lighting ordinances at the local and washes out all the faint ones. In fact, you planetariums worldwide. IDA’s professional state level. I got elected to the IDA’s Board probably don’t observe much now at all staff has competed for, won, and executed of Directors and, today, serve as its vice because the night sky just doesn’t beckon a turtle-habitat restoration project for the president. And I talk about our vanishing the way it used to. State of Florida. And lighting manufactur- night sky to whomever will listen. It doesn’t have to be this way, y’know. ers are lining up to get an IDA Fixture Seal Those who frequent this website know In the late 1990s I began covering of Approval on their hardware. that we Sky & Telescope editors don’t get meetings of the International Dark-Sky Just last month, the fight against light on a soapbox very often. But this is one of Association for Sky & Telescope. The IDA pollution was featured in Men’s Journal those times. If just one in 10 of you were to got its start 25 years ago when David (1 million readers) and on CBS This Morning join the IDA, its membership would double. Crawford (a professional astronomer) and (3 million viewers). So please do join or make a donation. It’s a Tim Hunter (an amateur) joined forces All of this warms my heart. It means modest resolution to make for the coming in the astronomical mecca of Tucson, “light pollution” is something that most ev- year – and one that’ll be easy to keep. Arizona. The region was growing rapidly, eryday people have heard about and many and rampant outdoor lighting was threaten- care about. It means that the subject has J. Kelly Beatty serves as vice president of the IDA board of directors. This article ing to compromise the pristine skies over caught on with lighting professionals, en- first appeared on the Sky & Telescope news neighboring Kitt Peak National Observatory. vironmentalists, human-health specialists, blog on January 3, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/ Crawford and Hunter succeeded – and urban planners. It means that there’s l2jqxzm. today Tucson has tougher outdoor-lighting hope, a chance, that over time the spread

7 IDA News New Partnership with Celestron to Help Save Night Skies

DA is excited to announce a new in the United States and two-thirds of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, set partnership with Celestron, one of the world population the experience of to premiere Sunday, March 9 (9:00- I the world’s leading telescope de- viewing the Milky Way. Celestron and 10:00 p.m. ET/PT) on FOX and Monday, signers and manufacturers. In celebra- IDA want to change that. March 10 (10:00-11:00 p.m. ET/PT) on tion of the upcoming television series “Celestron has long been a sup- National Geographic Channel, con- Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, airing on porter of IDA and the great work it tinues the adventure of Carl Sagan’s FOX and National Geographic Channel, does towards curbing light pollution,” Emmy® Award-winning series Cosmos: Celestron is introducing the COSMOS™ commented Dave Anderson, CEO of A Personal Voyage. 60AZ Telescope and partnering with Celestron. “Providing IDA with a por- The COSMOS 60AZ Telescope will be IDA to help save endangered starry tion of the proceeds from one of our available March 2014 at select retailers. skies for generations to come. quality telescopes to assist with its Learn more about the COSMOS In support of IDA’s mission, efforts to preserve dark skies is the 60AZ Telescope and other COSMOS Celestron is donating a portion of the least we can do. We are proud to be an products at Celestron.com/cosmos. COSMOS 60AZ Telescope proceeds to official corporate sponsor of IDA.” IDA. To help grow IDA’s membership and spread awareness about light In the 34 years since the first Cosmos television pollution, every COSMOS 60AZ Telescope also includes a free one- series debuted, light pollution has increased to year IDA membership. Celestron’s partnership with IDA levels that deprive eight out of ten children in affirms its commitment to helping the United States and two-thirds of the world everyone experience the wonders of the cosmos. In the 34 years since the population the experience of viewing the Milky firstCosmos television series debuted, light pollution has increased to levels Way. Celestron and IDA want to change that. that deprive eight out of ten children

8 IDA Welcomes Four New International Dark Sky Places

DA welcomed two new United Kingdom International Dark Sky I Places (IDSP) into the program in December 2013, bringing the total in that country to six. Recent designations also include the first IDSPs ever named in France and Ireland, significantly increasing the reach of the program in Europe and protecting nearly 2,100 square miles (5,400 km2) of territory with good outdoor lighting policy and public outreach.

Northumberland International Dark Sky Park The U.K.’s newest Gold-tier International Dark Sky Park is actually two parks in one: Northumberland National Park and adjacent forestry plantation Kielder Water & Forest Park encompass nearly 580 square miles (1,500 km2) of public lands in northern England. Together, they are the first IDA Stargazing at Cawfields, Northumberland National Park. photo credit: visitnorthumberland.com Dark Sky Park consisting of two inde- pendent units. Once at the frontier of Roman Britain where Hadrian’s Wall re- Park officials hope that protect- also a quiet haven for wildlife. Coll at- pelled Pictish invaders, Northumberland ing dark skies through the promotion tracts dozens of bird species according International Dark Sky Park now serves of responsible outdoor lighting will to the Royal Society for the Protection as a bulwark against the incursion of increase the allure of Northumberland of Birds, which owns an extensive re- harmful light pollution into one of the as a tourism destination. “Becoming a serve at the west end of the island and darkest locations in England. Dark Sky Park will reinforce the status hosts one of Coll’s recognized night sky The dark night sky attracts an of Northumberland as an unspoiled viewing sites on its land. Nature tour- increasing number of visitors to the destination offering a true sense of ism helps draw thousands of visitors region. Kielder Observatory, the UK’s tranquility and wildness – a tonic in to the island each year. largest and most active public observa- this day and age,” said Tony Gates, The island adopted a quality tory, widely promotes local astronomy Chief Executive of Northumberland outdoor lighting management plan to events and activities. “Dark skies and National Park. ensure Coll remains dark for many fu- astronomy have become a passion in ture generations of residents and visi- the area,” according to Heidi Mottram, Coll International Dark tors. “Achieving dark skies status will Chair of the Kielder Water and Forest Sky Community be great for the island in many ways,” Park Development Trust and Chief Not to be outdone by the success explained Julie Oliphant, hotelier at the Executive of Northumbrian Water. in Northumberland, the Isle of Coll Coll Hotel. “Not only will it ensure that As both parks began to vie inde- in the Inner Hebrides islands of any future development on the island pendently for IDA recognition, it quick- Scotland received IDA recognition as is done in a way that protects Coll’s ly became evident that two heads were an International Dark Sky Community. natural and unspoiled beauty, but it better than one. “It made perfect sense Located six miles (10 km) west of will also help promote winter tourism.” to work together to protect one of our coastal Argyll, Coll’s sparse population Continues on page 10 greatest assets and make it available to and geographic isolation yield some of more people,” Mottram said. the darkest night skies in Scotland. It is 9 IDA News New IDSP Continued from page 9

Pic du Midi International Dark Sky Reserve Also in December 2013, IDA announced the first Dark Sky Reserve in continental Europe. Pic du Midi International Dark Sky Reserve (Silver tier) takes in 1,202 square miles (3,112 km2) of public and private lands in the heart of the Pyrénées Mountains of southern France, making it one of the largest reserves in the world. It includes both the Pyrénées-Mont Perdu UNESCO World Heritage Site and Pyrénées National Park. The official announcement of the Kerry IDSR took place on January 27, 2014, at a public event The reserve features the famous in Cahersiveen, Ireland. Christopher Kyba (second from the right) of the IDA board of directors Pic du Midi Observatory as its cen- presented the award to community representatives. terpiece. When the observatory was threatened with extinction due to bud- plan could effectively reduce light pol- the Kerry Dark Sky Group. Organization get cuts, observatory supporters se- lution in the region by 85 percent and members dedicated countless hours cured its renaissance through a “beau- energy usage by 38 percent, all while educating local citizens, civic organi- tiful alliance between science and maintaining safe lighting levels for zations and municipalities on the im- tourism,” according to Daniel Soucaze residents and visitors. portance of dark-sky protection. Their des Soucaze, executive director of Pic Officials at Pic du Midi have even efforts resulted in several towns and du Midi. He said the IDA designation grander aspirations for preserving dark villages in County Kerry enacting laws represents an “important milestone” skies in the Pyrénées. In coming years, requiring responsible outdoor lighting in the history of the observatory, and they plan to work with their counter- practices to mitigate light pollution. As believes the recognition coupled with parts across the international border an example, the Kerry County Council the dedicated support of local commu- to expand the protected territory into has committed to replace all public nities greatly enhances the observa- Spain, making for the first IDA Dark street lighting in the area with effi- tory’s long-term prospects. Sky Reserve spanning two nations. cient, dark-sky-friendly light fixtures Starting with the goal of protect- this year. ing the observatory from the danger Kerry International It is hoped that drawing attention of steadily increasing light pollution, Dark Sky Reserve to the dark night skies over Kerry will organizers at the University of Pau The first IDSP recognized in the benefit both conservation efforts as and Pays de l’Adour developed good Republic of Ireland was announced well as the local tourism industry. The relations with cities and towns in January 2014. Kerry International new outdoor lighting regulations help throughout the region in the past Dark Sky Reserve includes 270 square preserve the natural habitats of vari- four years. Their hard work produced miles (700 km2) of lands on the Iveragh ous plant and animal species that help impressive results. A total of 251 com- Peninsula in County Kerry, about define the region’s distinctive character munities adopted a comprehensive 215 miles (350 km) southwest of the visitors have long enjoyed. outdoor lighting management plan capital, Dublin. It is the first Reserve The Dark Sky Group hopes their that included retrofits and replace- located in the northern hemisphere to accomplishment will inspire the rest ments of existing light fixtures, and the achieve Gold-tier status. of Ireland to “go dark.” “The granting use of new lighting technologies. By The IDA designation is the result of this award will provide new oppor- 2013, early results showed the lighting of a sustained, three-year campaign by tunities to enjoy and experience the beauty of southwest Kerry’s night sky,” Officials at Pic du Midi … plan to work with said Julie Ormonde, Chair of the Kerry Dark Sky Group and Project Manager their counterparts … to expand the protected of the new Reserve. “It will encourage territory into Spain, making for the first IDA other areas in Kerry, and in Ireland as a whole, to take positive action to protect Dark Sky Reserve spanning two nations. their own dark-sky areas.”

10 IDSPlaces Program What’s New and On the Horizon by John Barentine

rom time to time, Nightscape Collectively, the dedicated efforts sodium fixtures. Their outreach efforts readers find information in these of people at these locations brought 4.9 also have been hugely successful. Fpages about one of IDA’s flag- million acres (about 7,700 square miles, The Village and neighboring Homer ship programs. They may also notice or 20,000 km2) of new territory in three Township have offered free stargazing it mentioned on social media or read countries under the stewardship of events since 2008 and over 1,800 peo- about it in international news stories. good lighting practices and policy. We ple to date have attended from across How much do you know about the expect to name even more new IDSPs the Chicago area. The 2013 events IDA International Dark Sky Places in 2014. attracted the highest attendance ever (IDSP) Program? As the new program I have recently received updates with approximately 200 people in manager, I would like to take this op- from several current IDSPs through July and 350 in October. Activities in portunity to introduce myself, share annual reports submitted to IDA. I’m Homer Glen have drawn the attention some recent highlights and offer a eager to share with you some of the of elected officials including Illinois vision for its future. great things they are doing. Governor Pat Quinn, who designated A native Arizonan, I come to IDA August 10, 2013, as an International from the “dark side” – astronomy. Homer Glen, Illinois, Starry Night and August 11-17, 2013, In the last year of my doctoral stud- an International Dark as Starlight Week in the Village. ies, I began exploring the intersec- Sky Community tion of science and public policy, and A Chicago suburb of approximately NamibRand, an International worked with officials of the City of 25,000 residents, the Village of Homer Dark Sky Reserve Austin, Texas, on a strategy to deal Glen, Ill., has devoted much time NamibRand in southwest Africa with Austin’s growing light pollution and attention to ensuring new build- added two properties in 2012, bringing problem. When the Dark Sky Places ing developments are constructed in the total amount of protected territory Manager position opened at IDA, I was compliance with its Outdoor Lighting to nearly 500,000 acres (200,000 ha). excited about how well it matched my Ordinance from planning to execution. NamibRand staff conducted a sur- professional interests. I’m happy to It has also made considerable prog- vey of lighting on the newly acquired now spend my days advocating for a ress in an ongoing five-year effort to properties to ensure all fixtures meet cause in which I believe deeply. replace its entire inventory street light- IDA guidelines, and in 2013 extended Last year was one of the biggest in ing with full-cutoff, 70W high-pressure Continues on page 12 the history of the IDSP Program, which made its first designation 13 years ago. A time-lapse photograph at the NamibRand Nature Reserve of the orbiting International Space Station. In 2013, we designated six new IDSPs: The Large Magellanic Cloud shines brightly at the left. Photo Credit: George Tucker • Death Valley International Dark Sky Park, California (February) • Brecon Beacons International Dark Sky Reserve, Wales (February) • Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico (August) • Isle of Coll International Dark Sky Community, Scotland (December) • Northumberland International Dark Sky Park, England (December) • Pic du Midi International Dark Sky Reserve, France (December) 11 IDA News IDSP on the Horizon Continued from page 11

the survey to the entire Reserve. Lights from neighboring resorts now pose the most significant threat to their exceptionally dark night skies. In the past year, reserve staff made a series of nighttime “scouting trips” to assess the impact of their outdoor lighting. According to NamibRand CEO Nils Odendaal, staff will use the surveys to reach out to the resorts in the coming year to “educate them about effects of light pollution on our dark skies, and the benefits that could be derived from adjusting their external light fixtures in order to minimize light pollution.”

Galloway Forest Park, an International Dark Night sky at Owachomo Bridge at Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah. Sky Reserve photo credit: Jacob W. Frank, courtesy of the national park service Galloway Forest Park recently completed refurbishment of two visi- The efforts in the Galloway area ter assess the effect of light pollution tor centers and construction of a new are not only preserving dark skies, on bats. Park staff also received 10 new £3.3 million visitor center, all of which according to Muir, but also expand- Sky Quality Meters (SQMs) to use as feature dark-sky-friendly exterior ing their reach. As a result of changes part of a coordinated effort to moni- lighting. Regular stargazing programs made in becoming a Dark Sky Park, tor night sky brightness. According to typically draw about 40 people per Muir says “the difference is already Emma Dennis, conservation advisor event, with tourists coming from as far noticeable in many areas of the region; at the park, the IDA designation has as France. Keith Muir, Head of Tourism, where once the Milky Way was invis- “made a huge impact” on Exmoor by Recreation & Communications with the ible it is now visible.” generating “a great deal of interest” Galloway Forest District, has given over from locals and visitors. 130 night-sky-themed talks at the park since November 2009. The park also Exmoor National attracts artists with dark-sky-themed Park, an International Natural Bridges National installations including the Rosnes Dark Sky Reserve Monument, an International Benches and Quatinus projects. Increased outreach activities Dark Sky Park The staff now looks to extend and new dark-sky programming are Natural Bridges in Utah, the world’s dark-sky conservation beyond the among the 2013 highlights at Exmoor first International Dark Sky Park, was borders of the park. They are working National Park in England. “Dunkery designated by IDA in 2006. Over the with the Scottish national government By Moonlight,” a popular annual walk years, the park has experienced a and local authorities in three regions led by National Park Rangers, now marked increase in foreign visitors, adjoining the park to further pro- includes an introduction to the park’s particularly from Asia and Europe. In tect night skies through coordinated dark night skies. Community organiza- response, the park developed materi- planning – the first such instance of tions and tourism providers routinely als on dark sky issues specific to those national-level involvement ever in the host public stargazing events, and continents. Other dark-sky educational U.K. They hope to have a new regional Exmoor published a new observer’s materials are on display in the Visitor’s strategic plan in place by the end of guide for Park visitors. In September, a Center, as well as their IDA award 2014. The U.K. Road Safety Marking local art exhibition at Dulverton called certificate. Despite the Monument’s Association has approached the park “Dark Starry Skies” celebrated Exmoor remote location, 751 visitors attended about a two-year project to demon- being named an International Dark events in 41 individual programs in strate that good and correctly applied Sky Reserve. 2013, each of which included a dark- road markings can negate the need New conservation work at Exmoor sky conservation message. for costly and intrusive streetlights includes an initiative spearheaded by Gordon Gower, Natural Bridges “Sky altogether. the U.K. Bat Conservation Trust to bet- Ranger” and Visitor Use Assistant, says 12 that dark skies are now firmly part of Every year, hundreds of locations whose dark skies face no the monument’s public identity. “The imminent threat. These are among the Natural Bridges dark-sky reputation is of thousands of most isolated places on Earth, in terms spreading, and we were mentioned in of distance from significant sources several national publications this year,” visitors arrive at these of artificial light and major modern he explains. “The most frequent email infrastructure. However, the current request we receive is for information destinations and learn philosophy underlying the program en- on our dark sky program.” visions rewarding efforts of individuals about dark skies and and organizations for protecting places Innovation and Research IDA. Some are inspired under current threat of light pollution. The successes detailed above il- If we have little to offer “safe” dark lustrate our ideal outcome: the IDA enough to support locales, the public may reasonably designation is not simply the end question what we mean by the term product of a demanding application IDA and to fight for “Dark Sky Place.” As a result, we are process. Rather, it represents sustained beginning to explore ways to sensibly commitment that helps solidify night dark skies in their own broaden the scope of the program to sky protection as an important global offer some recognition to the most conservation and education issue. A communities. remote sites that may not face threats designation is also the beginning of for years or decades to come. what we hope is a long and productive tion. These are areas in which IDA can This is an important step. An IDSP partnership with IDA. The program is become an important contributor. designation can help mitigate threats among the most effective means for before they become a crisis and require furthering IDA’s mission throughout Future of the Program more intense intervention. In much the world. Every year, hundreds of We need to bring the IDSP Program the same way that governments name thousands of visitors arrive at these to the developing world. Developing national parks and wildlife preserves destinations and learn about dark nations present a challenging paradox: in the absence of acute threats, rec- skies and IDA. Some are inspired while they contain some of the dark- ognizing the dark night skies over a enough to support IDA and to fight for est locations on the planet, they may particular place may serve to highlight dark skies in their own communities. be the most difficult to protect. We are vulnerability, even if IDA recogni- In the course of managing the IDSP faced with the perception that a ris- tion lacks the legal muscle to enforce Program, I have considered its global ing standard of living associated with regional conservation policies. This impact on dark-sky awareness and economic development entails bright approach is consistent with the IDA good lighting practices and come up outdoor lighting. As citizens of develop- mission to “protect the nighttime en- with several questions for further re- ing nations look to brightly-lit Western vironment” by pointing out instances search. Often one of the motivations to models of nighttime outdoor spaces, where that environment is significant seek an IDSP designation is to increase how will we frame the argument that yet fragile. It shows that the world is local tourism. Anecdotal evidence sug- people in Africa, Central Asia or rural watching the actions of governments gests that IDA recognition does benefit China should value dark skies as highly and property owners as they make fu- tourism, but hard data are lacking. as clean air and water? Can we con- ture decisions about land development Soon, we will learn the results of the vince them of future economic benefits and outdoor lighting. The program can first study attempting to quantify the to be gained by protecting this resource be both reactive and proactive at the impact of an IDSP designation on the now? We cannot merely deal with the same time. local economy in and around Galloway existing problem of light pollution in More than a decade on, the Forest Park. industrialized countries while allow- International Dark Sky Places Program Other questions that need inves- ing it to become a problem in those less shows leadership by example and, tigation are 1) Do IDSPs stay dark after developed. By focusing attention on the fittingly, now has competition abroad. receiving IDA designations? and 2) developing world, we have a chance to Under the assumption that imitation is Do they actually become darker as the position ourselves “ahead of the curve” the sincerest form of flattery, we know result of properly implemented light- before night skies are critically endan- we are doing something right. Now is scape management plans? We want gered. IDA stands on the threshold of the time to capitalize on that atten- to find answers that are data-driven an unprecedented opportunity to affect tion, think big and move the program in hopes the results will be useful in major worldwide change. forward toward new kinds of territory scholarly studies on the social and We are also thinking about how in new parts of the world. Stay tuned – environmental effects of light pollu- to make the program more inclusive the best is yet to come!

13 IDA News IDA Québec Celebrates 10 Years! DA Québec celebrated its ten-year anniversary on the organization: increase awareness, preserve and protect December 4, 2013, at the Montreal Planetarium. IDA the nighttime environment and our heritage of dark skies,” I Executive Director Bob Parks joined the celebration along explained Pecingina. with 40 other guests. Parks gave a presentation The Future of Outdoor Lighting, The celebration kicked off with the IDA Québec and afterward guests were invited to attend one of the President Mihai R. Pecingina, who discussed the negative planetarium’s shows. effects of light pollution and announced the chapter’s proposal for a new lighting regulation based on the IDA/IESNA Model Lighting Ordinance. Pecingina also paid tribute to IDA Québec’s founders. “Just like us, they like to look up to the sky,” he said. “However their feet are still on solid ground. To be able to dream we need a solid foundation. They gave us a solid foundation with an idea. We need to respect our sky, our values and our loved ones.” A piece of amazonite from the north of Québec was offered to each of the founding members in attendance. “Each of you, dear founding members, has brought a different contribution to the solid base that IDA Québec is built on,” Pecingina explained. “It is the reason all pieces are different, and they are as polished as the ideas you have given us.” IDA Executive Director Bob Parks presented each of the founding members a certificate for their commitment to dark skies. An amazonite piece was also awarded to IDA, “which propelled this idea into the world,” according to Pecingina. Several IDA Québec co-founders (left to right), Rémi Lacasse, Germain The last piece will be kept by IDA Québec “because the Gauthier, Gilles Meunier, Chrisnel Blot and Richard Poirier, receive pieces of amazonite from north Québec to represent the “solid base” that IDA members need never forget the original idea, the mantra of Québec is built on. phOto credit: bob parks

Malibu, California. Installation of sports lighting at a local Malibu Community Alliance high school galvanized the group into action when light trespass invaded backyards of nearby residents. In April Holds Fundraising Event for IDA 2013, the Malibu City Council voted unanimously to ex- On December 12, 2013, the Malibu Community plore the use of the IDA/IESNA Model Lighting Ordinance Alliance (MCA) held a fundraising event in Malibu for the (MLO). A Request for Proposal has been issued and Malibu International Dark Sky Association. The MCA was founded is seeking professional assistance to develop its new light- in 2012 to encourage the protection of the night sky in ing standards. In May 2013, Cami Winikoff, of the MCA, began planning the event, which was held at the Sunset Restaurant on the beach in Malibu. Approximately 90 people attended the fundraiser that included an emcee, hors d’oeuvres and talks by IDA Executive Director Bob Parks, IDA Board Member Jim Benya, former IDA Board Member Nancy Clanton and Debra Burnette. Celestron provided a telescope for attendees to stargaze and donated a CPC 9.25” GPS telescope for the raffle. Proceeds from the event will be used to promote adoption of a lighting ordinance based on the MLO and for IDA education programs.

Malibu Community Alliance Member Cami Winikoff (fourth from left) organized a fundraiser on behalf of IDA. phOto credit: bob parks 14 In 1953, shortly NASA Astronaut Dr. Story before he was to graduate, he left Musgrave Becomes school to join the U.S. Marine Corps. IDA Dark Sky Ambassador Ten years later, he had earned four of DA is excited to announce Dr. Story Musgrave, one of his six degrees in- NASA’s most experienced astronauts, as our newest IDA cluding his doctor- I Dark Sky Ambassador. The program enlists prominent in- ate, and went on to dividuals on the public stage to help raise awareness of work as a post- IDA’s mission. Musgrave joins the ranks of such luminaries doctoral fellow for as the late science fiction writer Sir Arthur C. Clarke and Dr. Story Musgrave (right) met with Bob Parks the U.S. Air Force Bill Nye “the Science Guy” of the Planetary Society. at the Dark Sky Festival in Harmony, Florida, on and the National During Musgrave’s distinguished 30-year career with March 1. Heart Institute, NASA, he logged 25 million miles in orbit during six space and complete a Masters of Science degree in physiology and missions, and worked part-time as a trauma surgeon and biophysics in 1966. university instructor. A true Renaissance man, Musgrave is In 1967 he and ten others were selected from 4,000 also a pilot, mechanic, photographer, philosopher and poet. applicants to become NASA’s first cohort of scientist-astro- Although he never finished high school, Musgrave holds nauts. Musgrave worked on the Apollo program and subse- six academic degrees including a doctorate of medicine, and quent moon landings, and helped design and develop the has published more than 40 scientific papers on topics such as Skylab space station and extravehicular activity equipment aerospace medicine, exercise physiology and clinical surgery. including space suits and life support systems for the Space Growing up on a Massachusetts dairy farm, Musgrave Shuttle program. Sixteen years after his NASA appoint- found an affinity for understanding how systems work from ment, he finally made it into space, riding on Space Shuttle farm machinery to the natural world around him. From an Challenger’s maiden voyage. early age he had a love of nature and flying. He took his first Continues on page 16 solo flight at age 16 after learning to fly at a nearby farm.

15 IDA News National Media Coverage Increases Public Awareness of Light Pollution

hanks to recent national and international media coverage, IDA’s message about light pollution and smart T lighting solutions is reaching more people than ever before. IDA is on the edge of achieving mainstream public awareness for the first time in its history! In early September, light pollution was featured on the National Public Radio program The Diane Rehm Show. The one-hour segment, “Environmental Outlook: Combating Light Pollution,” featured a great line-up of guests including IDA Executive Director Bob Parks; IDA Board Member Dr. Mario Motta; Paul Bogard, author of The End of Night: Searching for Natural Darkness in an Age of Artificial Light; and Mary Stewart Adams, program director of Headlands International Dark Sky Park. The December 2013 issue of Men’s Journal published “Where did all the stars go? – How Light Pollution is Stealing the Night,” a comprehensive nine-page article providing detailed informa- Times, and segments on television news programs the BBC tion on IDA, the negative impacts of Looks North, Tyne & Wear and CNBC World. light pollution on wildlife and human In late December, the Financial Times interviewed Scott heath, the importance of dark skies, Kardel for its article “Embrace the darkness – and fight and lighting solutions. It also includes bright light at night, A global campaign against excessive great graphics and extensive inter- illumination is gathering pace.” Stay on the lookout for up- views with IDA Executive Director Bob coming articles in the New York Times and an interview with Parks and Bill Wren of the McDonald Bob Parks in The Atlantic Magazine. Observatory, among others. The appearance of the story To read the Men’s Journal article, go to: http://tinyurl.com/nclz8k6. prompted CBS This Morning Saturday to To see the CBS This Morning Saturday interview, go to: do a live interview with Bob Parks on http://tinyurl.com/q597cru. November 30, 2013. The five-minute segment, “How Bad is Light Pollution?” provided a quick and concise overview on light pollution and lighting solutions. In early December, IDA issued press releases and conducted several media interviews in conjunction with the Dr. Story Musgrave announcements of two new International Dark Sky Places Continued from page 15 (IDSP) – Northumberland International Dark-Sky Park in the The 1993 mission of the Shuttle Endeavour is perhaps United Kingdom and the Isle of Coll International Dark-Sky Musgrave’s most well-known. After more than a year of Community in Scotland. The Northumberland announce- intense training and a record five spacewalks, the Endeavour ment in particular created one of the largest news events in crew made history by installing corrective optics in the the program’s history. The media coverage included a story Hubble Space Telescope. in Britain’s The Guardian newspaper, with a weekly worldwide Musgrave retired from NASA in 1997. Today he travels readership of 5.8 million people and an interview with IDA’s the globe sharing his unique experiences and advocating for Scott Kardel on the BBC Newshour, which has an estimated continued space exploration. At home he runs his Florida worldwide audience of more than 43 million listeners. palm tree farm. His recreational interests include flying, pho- IDSP Program Manager John Barentine also was inter- tography, scuba diving, parachuting, gardening and running. viewed including being a guest on two BBC radio shows, Other IDA Dark Sky Ambassadors are filmmaker Ian The Mark Forest Evening Show and Up All Night. Other media Cheney, Geoffrey Notkin of “Meteorite Men,” National highlights from the December announcements include Park Service “Dark Ranger” Kevin Poe, and Astrophysicist articles in The Times (London), the Daily Mail, The Financial Lucianne Walkowicz.

16 2013 IDA Annual General Meeting

n November, the 2013 IDA Annual General Meeting (AGM) and confer- I ence IDA at 25: Lighting Advocacy Past, Present, and Future was a great success and lots of fun. The AGM, held at the ecletic Aloft Tucson Hotel in Tucson, Ariz., brought together a wide- range of dark sky advocates to discuss night sky preservation. More than 50 participants came from across the United States and the globe to discuss the latest developments in light pollution research and mitigation, lighting solutions, legislation and design. The daylong conference included 13 presenters, breakout sessions, an award Tim Hunter (left) and David Crawford, who co-founded ceremony and a reception. the International Dark-Sky Association in 1988 to At the award ceremony, J. Kelly combat light pollution, were reunited at the AGM. Beatty was presented with IDA’s Hoag- Reginald Wilson (left) receives the Dr. David L. Robinson Award for his impressive Crawford Lifetime Achievement Award from tion. “Reg” has dedicated his time and efforts promoting state and mu- IDA co-founder David Crawford. exceptional talents as a member of the nicipal outdoor lighting ordinances in IDA board of directors and head of IDA Massachusetts, outstanding service to Reginald Wilson received the Australia/Asia-Pacific Regional Office. the IDA board and furthering light pol- Dr. David L. Crawford Lifetime To watch presentations from the lution awareness through his writing, Achievement Award for his unrelent- 2013 AGM, go to http://goo.gl/Y1I1bl, and talks and numerous media interviews. ing 40-year fight against light pollu- click on the name of the presenter.

IDA Welcomes New and Returning Board Members for 2014 ast fall, the IDA membership on light pollution and the law and has Society and the Standard Practice reelected Martin Morgan-Taylor recently carried out a U.K. survey about Subcommittee for Roadway Lighting. L and Leo Smith to the IDA board of perceived nuisances caused by artifi- He served on the IDA/IESNA Joint directors. Additionally, two new mem- cial lighting. In 2013 he worked with Task Force, which was responsible for bers, Scott Roberts and Nels Leutwiler, the English government to publish a developing the Model Outdoor Lighting were appointed by the board. guide on light pollution and planning. Ordinance. His successful campaign to Martin Morgan-Taylor is a princi- Martin is also the 2011 recipient of reduce utility rates for part-night light- pal lecturer in law at the De Montfort the IDA Galileo Award for outstanding ing led to the adoption of part-night University School of Law in England. achievements in combating light pollu- public lighting in Connecticut and New He is involved in the continuing review tion in Europe. Hampshire. He also was instrumental of U.K. planning and environmental Leo Smith is president of Capital in getting Lowe’s Home Improvement laws regarding provisions to mitigate Ventures Group of Suffield, Connecticut. to carry a selection of Dark Sky light pollution. He also advises cen- He is a lifetime member of IDA and Friendly fixtures in all of its stores. tral and local governments as well as serves as the IDA northeastern region- Scott W. Roberts is a supporter the U.K. Campaign for Dark Skies and al director and as the IDA Connecticut of outreach in astronomy and space the Society for Popular Astronomy. He chapter leader. He is a member of exploration, and a popularizer of publishes and organizes conferences both the Illuminating Engineering Continues on page 18

17 IDA News

IDA Awarded Night Sky Brightness Measurement Contract

n December 2013, the International capture an all-sky image with one the lighting upgrades are installed. Dark-Sky Association was award- exposure. Pictures are then converted After installations are complete, IDA I ed a contract to measure night to luminance-calibrated images using will return to take measurements sky brightness levels at Pepperdine software developed by IDA Hungary at the same locations under identi- University in California. IDA is work- Chapter Leader Zoltán Kolláth. cal conditions, which will allow us to ing with Clanton and Associates IDA is working with the National evaluate the reduction in skyglow due on a campus-wide outdoor lighting Park Service to incorporate their new to improved outdoor lighting. To the redesign and modernization project. Sky Quality Index (SQI) that will grade best of our knowledge, this will be the Night sky brightness levels are mea- the image on a scale of 1-100. This will first time that this process has been sured employing our new DSLR-based allow the rating to be used as a base- used for this purpose. system that uses a fisheye lens to line night sky brightness level before

Panoramic nighttime view of the soccer field at Pepperdine University, Calif. ph Oto credit: bob parks

Outreach network, which supports Foundation Board of Directors. He has Board Members individuals and organizations commit- practiced law in Colorado and Alaska Continued from page 17 ted to educational public outreach and was CEO/Chairman of Parkview amateur astronomy. Since the early in astronomy. Metal Products, a manufacturer of 1980s, he has engineered and pro- Nels Leutwiler is a lawyer, busi- components for electronic applica- moted star party events and telescope nessman and philanthropist. With his tions. Currently, he is founder and viewings for broad audiences. He is wife Elizabeth Taylor Leutwiler, he runs president of Ridgeline Holdings, a com- the recipient of numerous awards the Nels & Liz Leutwiler Foundation pany that purchases, renovates and for astronomy outreach including that supports educational, environ- rents housing in the Chicago area. the Astronomical League Special mental and social service causes. As Members of the IDA board also Award and the RTMC Astronomy a six-year member of the Sierra Club elected the executive committee: Jim Expo G. Bruce Blair Medal. Scott has Foundation Board of Directors, he Dougherty as president, Kelly Beatty as worked with Meade Instruments and acted as vice chair, treasurer, secretary vice president, Connie Walker as sec- Oceanside Photo & Telescope (formally and chaired several committees. He retary and Chris Monrad as treasurer. Oceanside Photographic Center) and also was vice president for the Lake Tim Hunter as past president serves as is the founder of Explore Scientific, an County, Illinois Habitat for Humanity a non-voting ex officio member of the astronomical instruments manufac- and member of the Lake County executive committee. turing company, and the Astronomy Forest Preserve District Preservation

18 IDA Chapter News

IDA Tokyo On December 5, IDA Tokyo had its first general meeting since its establishment in January 2013. Nobuaki Ochi, chapter leader for IDA Tokyo brought together a diverse group of advocates that included lighting designer Kaoru Mende, who also presented at the Noche Zero light pollution conference in Chile; Hide Ozawa, a night sky guide from IDA’s Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve; and animal photographer Rei Ohara, who was featured in the movie Brilliant Darkness. The group discussed public outreach, chapter expansion and light pollution assessment.

IDA San Diego On January 27, IDA San Diego held a free public forum on light pollution at the Palomar College Planetarium. Presentations were held on light pollution, lighting ordinances, and IDA International Dark Sky Places in Southern Some of the members of the IDA Tokyo chapter (from left to right), California. Takahiro Ueno, Nobuaki Ochi, Fumiki Onoma, Noriko Higashi, Presenters included David Crawford, IDA co-founder; Kaoru Mende and Miyuki Miyazawa. Paul Ericson, former IDA board member and professional lighting designer; Steve Flanders, of the Palomar Observatory; and Sally Theriault, of Borrego Springs Dark Skies. IDA San Diego Chapter Leader Lisa Bruhn presented the chapter’s annual local lighting awards.

IDA South Florida In December, IDA South Florida hosted a free public screening of the award-winning PBS film The City Dark. It was followed by a lively panel discussion by officials from the Palm Beach Environmental Resources Management, the Gumbo Limbo Nature Center and IDA South Florida. One of the panelists, Dr. Kirt Rusenko, a sea turtle expert, was featured in the film. Also in December, IDA South Florida attended the Big Cypress Swamp Heritage Festival, a celebration of the history and culture of South Florida and its beautiful dark night skies. Chapter members educated attendees about the negative effects of urban light pollution on the Everglades and the value of preserving its dark skies. In January, the chapter exhibited at the Everglades Left to right: IDA South Florida member Diana Umpierre, Collier Coalition Annual Conference. The event was attended by County Commissioner Tim Nance, Big Cypress National Preserve Superintendent Pedro Ramos, and IDA South Florida Chapter Leader Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell; Former Governor and Bryan Bodie at Everglades Coalition Annual Conference. Senator Bob Graham; superintendents from three national parks; and leaders of several prominent environmental conservation groups.

Join us! Become an integral part of IDA’s success and consider forming a chapter in your area. No experience necessary! The only qualification is a passion to advocate for keeping the night skies natural. Contact [email protected] for more information.

19 Dark Sky News

In MemoriAm ef Joe Orr, Longtime IDA Suporter

oseph Newton Orr, river guide, nature and dark sky enthusiast and philanthropist, passed away JDecember 9, 2013. During his long career as a river guide, Joe traveled extensively throughout the United States and Central America. His career allowed him to bridge two of his passions – sharing the natural world with others and a life-long love of learning. Joe’s extensive knowledge of the ancient Mayan culture educated countless tour participants about the Ma- yan’s relationship with the natural world, including the night sky which he loved. As a child, he enjoyed telescopes and searching the night skies of Floresville, Texas. Following his mother’s death in 1993, Joe took over management of his portion of the Butler Ranch in Karnes County. He converted the land from agricultural to wildlife management, hoping to return it to its original natural veg- etation and wildlife condition. That same year, Joe became a member of IDA. Dur- In a 2013 interview for the newsletter of the McDonald ing his last years, Joe enjoyed travel and philanthropy and Observatory Board of Visitors, of which he was member, made generous contributions to IDA and other astronomy Joe explained his passion for the preservation of dark skies: and environmental organizations including the University “I believe it’s important to have a place where people can of Texas (UT) McDonald Observatory, the Department of look up at an unpolluted night sky to experience the awe Astronomy at the University of Texas, the Lowell Observa- and wonder that others have felt for millennia and perhaps tory in Flagstaff, Arizona, the Grand Canyon Association in to think about our place in the Universe.” Joe relished the Arizona, and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in endless mysteries of the Universe and maintained an insa- Austin, among others. tiable curiosity until his last days. He never stopped learning.

The Loss of the Night App is Now Available in 11 Languages

The Loss of the Night app helps The app works by interactively It is based on the Google Sky Map ap- users measure how the brightness of directing users to individual stars, and plication, and is currently available the night sky changes over time, as asking whether they can see the star or for Android phones. The “Loss of the lighting technologies change and cities not. By determining what the faintest Night” app can be downloaded free of grow. No prior astronomical experience visible star is, researchers learn how charge at the Google Play store here: is necessary. Previously only available many stars are visible at that location, http://bit.ly/1cx6CcM. Be sure also to in English and German, the app and by extension how bright the sky is. check out the Loss of the Night citizen is now offered in Arabic, Catalan, The app is an extension to the science project blog: http://lossofthe- Chinese, English, French, German, “Globe at Night” citizen-science pro- night.blogspot.com. Italian, Japanese, Polish, Romanian gram (see story on the facing page), and Spanish. which has been running since 2006.

20 The First International Conference on Artificial Light At Night Held in Berlin

Last October light pollution researchers from across the globe gathered in Berlin, Germany to attend the first International Conference on Artificial Light At Night (ALAN). Verlust der Nacht and IDA co-sponsored the three-day event. Presentations and poster papers covered virtually all issues related to light pollution with presenters coming from dozens of countries, representing four continents. Bob Parks, Chris Kyba, Connie Walker and Martin Morgan-Taylor The major topics of the conference were Technology and at the ALAN conference Design, Biology and Ecology, Society, and Health. IDA was well represented, with talks given by Executive Director Bob Parks and Board Members Chris Kyba, Martin Morgan- Taylor and Connie Walker. Mark Your Calendars for the Notable experts gave plenary talks that related ALAN 2014 Northeast Astronomy Forum to biodiversity loss, human health, satellite monitoring, lighting design, sustainability, ordinances, dark sky places, The 2014 Northeast Astronomy Forum (NEAF), the world’s and the need for more research. largest space and astronomy event, will be held April 12-13 at Many also attended an optional nighttime guided tour Rockland Community College in Suffern, N.Y., just 28 miles of Westhavelland Nature Park, which was designated an north of New York City. The astronomy expo will include International Dark Sky Reserve as this issue was going world-renowned speakers, exclusive product showcases, to press. The tour was a big hit as rain and clouds parted daily NEAF solar star parties, the 2nd annual N-PAC North- in time to show off some of the darkest skies in all of east Pro/Am Conference, beginner classes, family activities Germany. Westhavelland was the site of one of the confer- and hourly door prizes. IDA will be giving daily light pollution ence’s several evening flash mob sessions for measuring updates in the Galaxy Theater as well as providing information night sky brightness with smart phones. at our IDA booth. Come visit us! For more information and to Please plan to attend ALAN 2014 in Leicester, U.K, register, go to: http://www.rocklandastronomy.com/neaf/. September 2-4.

Help Collect Data on Light Pollution – Dates Set for the 2014 Globe at Night Program The 2014 Globe at Night program, an international citizen-science campaign, is now collecting data during all 12 months of the year. The program helps raise public awareness on the impact of light pollution. Anyone can par- ticipate. Just following the instructions on the Globe at Night website and submit your data via computer or smart phone. The 2013 campaigns resulted in 16,342 data points submitted from 89 countries. Nearly 100,000 measurements have been contributed from people in 115 countries during the campaigns each winter/spring over the last eight years. To learn more about the program and explore an interactive map based on eight years of data, go to the Globe at Night website at www.globeatnight.org

Campaigns for the rest of 2014 are being held on the following dates: • March 21-30 • April 20-29 • May 19-28 • June 17-26 • July 16-25 • August 15-24 • September 15-24 • October 14-23 • November 12-21 • December 11-20 21 th RSARY 25ANNIVE International Dark-Sky Association 2013 Annual Report HHHHH Last year IDA celebrated a quarter century of protecting the nighttime environment. In 25 years we have accomplished a lot

INTERNATIONAL to preserve starry night skies, and 2013 was no different! DARK-SKY ASSOCIATION We had a busy and exciting year of progress on several fronts.

Florida Sea Turtle Habitat international recognition garners increasing was well received by all. To learn more Restoration Project global media coverage on light pollution. about the meeting, read “2013 IDA Annual For more information on the IDSP program, General Meeting” on page 17. Through the Florida sea turtle habi- see “IDA Welcomes Four New International The first international interdisciplin- tat restoration project, we are helping to Dark Sky Places” on page 9 and “IDSP ary conference on Artificial Light at Night protect nesting sea turtles from poten- Program: What’s New and on the Horizon” (ALAN) was a great success. Co-hosted by tially deadly artificial lighting. Last year we on page 11. IDA and the German organization, Verlust conducted lighting surveys of nearly 100 der Nacht, the Berlin conference brought miles of the Florida coastline and are mak- Fixture Seal of Approval (FSA) together scientists from across the globe ing lighting recommendations to enhance The fixture Seal of Approval pro- to present the latest research on light sea turtle protection. The project stems gram encourages lighting manufacturers pollution. This annual conference prom- from a contract with Florida Department to submit their fully shielded fixtures for ises to further light pollution research for of Environmental Protection and the certification by IDA. In response to the years to come. See “The First International Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation latest research on the harmful effects of Conference on Artificial Light At Night Held Commission to evaluate artificial light- light at night, IDA revised the FSA program in Berlin” on page 21 for more information ing that could impact sea turtle nesting in 2013 to include new requirements on about the conference. habitats within and adjacent to 25 local, the spectrum of light and over 450 fixtures IDA participated in several other state and federal conservation lands in the are currently approved. These spectral re- important conferences and events pro- Florida Panhandle. In August of last year, quirements will be further tightened in the viding booths, speakers and more. IDA began conducting extensive surveys future. The FSA website includes an online Some highlights include the Sea Turtle and providing lighting retrofit recommenda- search feature available on our website Symposium, Dark Sky Festival in Harmony, tions to replace existing exterior lights with that allows consumers to find the most Fla., IDA Québec’s Ten-year anniversary fully shielded, long wavelength fixtures. ecologically responsible outdoor light- celebration, the CIE conference in Paris, Turtle-friendly lighting includes fixtures ing solutions. In 2014, IDA will also begin the Northeast Astronomy Forum, Light Fair, that are designed to keep light pointed certifying turtle-friendly lighting. the 13th annual European Symposium for downward and light sources that limit the the Protection of the Night Sky, and the spectrum of light emitted. When used Education and Outreach Arizona Science and Astronomy Expo. properly, these lights provide illumina- IDA’s short film on light pollution, Last year, IDA worked with Nancy tion for human safety without negatively “Losing the Dark,” premiered last year and Clanton, a professional engineer and presi- impacting sea turtle populations. We are continues its tremendous success raising dent of Clanton and Associates, a lighting also working with lighting manufacturers to global awareness and inspiring public in- design firm in Boulder, Colo., to create create turtle-friendly lighting fixtures based volvement. It has since been translated into three IES/IDA Model Lighting Ordinance on our recommendations. 11 languages, and viewed or downloaded training videos. The videos are now avail- more than 40,000 times. Translations were able to the public via YouTube. International Dark Sky Places funded in part through a new crowd-sourc- In 2013, we added six new chapters, (IDSP) program ing fundraising model Indiegogo in which half of which are international. Chapters This successful program continues we raised approximately $4,600. were added in South Korea, Mexico, to expand and protect dark skies across The conference theme of the 2013 Toronto, Phoenix, and two chapters were the globe. In 2013, IDA welcomed six new IDA Annual General Meeting (AGM) IDA at added in Utah. Two of our Florida chapters International Dark Sky Places. IDA also 25: Lighting Advocacy Past, Present and combined to pool resources to fight light revised the IDSP guidelines in 2013 to in- Future. The meeting was a return to an pollution more efficiently. We also added corporate the new standards and improve old-school style AGM for the first time in a new Dark Sky Ambassador. Renowned the application process. Interest in certi- several years. Attendance at the meet- astronaut Dr. Story Musgrave has gra- fication is at an all-time high and growing ing exceeded expectations and the event ciously agreed to spread the word about

22 light pollution. To read about Musgrave’s interesting life, see “NASA Astronaut Dr. Story Musgrave Becomes IDA Dark Sky Ambassador” on page 15.

Media & Communications Last year IDA received extensive national and international media coverage. 2013 IDA Profit & Loss Statement Highlights include an exhaustive feature article in Men’s Journal, articles in The Income Guardian, The Times (London), the Daily Mail, The Financial Times, and guest ap- Annual Membership Dues 223,611 pearances on CBS This Morning Saturday, Corporate Partnerships 151,750 the Diane Rehm Show and the BBC Newshour. See “National Media Coverage Consulting Income 111,840 Increases Public Awareness of Light Pollution” on page 16 for more details Grant Income 67,992 about IDA’s media coverage. Donations 62,361 Our followers on both Facebook and Twitter nearly doubled. At year’s end, we Personal Donations 37,192 had nearly 20,000 followers on Facebook FSA Fees 16,300 and just over 3,000 on Twitter. IDA’s bi- monthly e-newsletter Night Watch con- Miscellaneous Income 5,440 tinues to gain subscribers. Its open rate consistently hovers around one-third, far In-Kind Donations 5,300 higher than the nonprofit industry average Meeting Income 1,176 of just above 20 percent. Last fall we were also able to hire two Gross Income $682,962 new staff members: John Barentine as pro- Expense gram manager and Cheryl Ann Bishop as communications and public affairs director. Labor 377,128 As we more forward on several exciting outreach and Education 80,833 new initiatives, we are keeping them busy. In 2014, IDA will be launching the office Expense 64,506 Save Our Stars program as well as the Smart Urban Lighting (SUL) initiative, Special Projects 56,608 and working with Pepperdine University Miscellaneous 7,461 in California to measure night sky brightness levels. To learn more about the SUL Chapters 1,470 Initiative, read “The Smart Urban Lighting TOTAL Expense $588,005 Initiative” on page 2. For more details about Pepperdine, read “IDA Awarded net income $94,956 Night Sky Brightness Measurement Contract” on page 18. 23 The International Dark-Sky Association extends its appreciation and thanks to all who generously support our mission. HHHHH

Corporate Partners Individual CONTRIBUTORS Platinum ($25,000+) Luminaries ($10,000+) Musco Lighting David Mittelman Donald Pensack John Harrod Thomas Reinert Kurt & Charlotte Hemr Silver ($10,000+) Guardians ($5,000+) Milton Roney David Hockenberry Oceanside Photo & Telescope Martin & Mary Ann Baumrind Gwendolyn Ross Randy John James Dougherty Bronze ($5,000+) Kirt Rusenko Joanne Kendrick Nora Janeway, M.D. Celestron Daniel Ryan Jeff Kodosky John R.H. McDonald Clanton and Associates Daniel Schroeder Jill Kooiman Construlita Lighting International Patrons ($1,000+) Malcolm Smith Robert Lee S.A. de C.V. Graeme Birchall Nancy Soriano Peter Lenz Sky & Telescope Jeffrey Cooper, M.D. David Speltz Kenneth MacLeod David Crawford Michael & Amy Tiemann Dan Magni Sustaining ($1,000+) Alan Feldman Margaret Walbridge Leonard Mangini American Astronomical Society Tamiji Homma Orville Wiens Andrew Mason Earth Sun Moon Trading Company Tim Hunter, M.D. Robert & Alicia Wieting Rosemarie Masters Monrad Engineering, Inc. J. McQuown Dorothy Mayer Tele Vue Optics Advocates ($250+) Joseph Morris Nancy Morrison Uwingu, LLC Mike Adami-Sampson Joseph Orr Ursula Muehllehner Your True Nature Arnold Ashcraft Dr. & Mrs. Post Janet Muir Martin Barrett Defenders ($500+) Michael Rogers Craig Parada Eric Baumgartner CFH Telescope Corporation Art & Jane Shigley John Payne Richard Berry Institute for Astronomy Kellie Pendoley Defenders ($500+) David & Edita Bilak Murat Engin Inanc Alexander Peters Matthew Arsenault Dan Brocious Northern Virginia Astronomy Club James Rautio Kelly Beatty Marc Buie Isla Reckling C. Keith Chartier David Calligeros Foundations & OrGANIZATIONS Roland & Maria Roberts Allen Clark Peter Ciesielski Stephen Shields SILVER ($10,000+) Marjorie Cohn Fred Crum C. Steven Short Annenberg Foundation Donald Davis Martin Dewet Jake Sigg Stanley Fertig Melanie Dixon Bronze ($5,000+) Steven Platt Chadwick Freeman Kathryn & David Dobrinic Nels and Liz Leutwiler Foundation George & Holly Stone Gary Gibbs Gail Farfel The F. Maytag Family Foundation Ray Stonecipher John Harper Elizabeth Gemmill Richard Strachan Sustaining ($1,000+) Richard Hay Louis Giglio Gregory Titus Bluestone Financial Advisors Andrew Heafitz Paul Gosselin Joseph Tratnyek George E. Crouch Foundation Clark Hodder Stuart Gray Michael Turner Robert Holzrichter Zachary Grether Defenders ($500+) Andrew Van Melle L. Michael Howell Steve Grimsley Anonymous Douglas Vaughan Robin & Meade Martin John Grundy Joshua Walawender Advocates ($250+) Donald McCrady Roy & Leslee Halleran Chelsea Wald Lumca Inc. Diane Montagne William Hanna Tom Whitman Village of Homer Glen John Mosley John Harris

24 NO, IT’S NOT A UFO

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Contact Us Today 800-825-6030 Photos left to right: Yankee Stadium, Bronx, NY; Burger Stadium, Austin, TX; Citi Field, Mets Stadium, Flushing, NY www.musco.com ©2012 Musco Sports Lighting, LLC · ADIDA12-1 e-mail: [email protected] 25

8.5x11 ADIDA12-1.indd 1 4/3/12 11:55 AM INTERNATIONAL DARK-SKY ASSOCIATION Nonprofit ORG. 3223 N FIRST AVE U.S. Postage TUCSON AZ 85719-2103 Paid USA Permit 4705 SUBURBAN, MD

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