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The National Spatial Strategy

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The National Spatial Strategy The National Spatial Strategy Minoru KIMURA Director, General Affairs Division National Spatial Planning and Regional Policy Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism National Spatial Planning System Role of National Spatial Planning An engine to promote ideal national development by unifying the directions of wide-spread policies regarding spatial planning, e.g. regional development, industry, culture, tourism, transport, telecommunication, energy, infrastructure, disaster prevention, environment, land and resources, landscape, mutual assistance community development National Spatial Planning System National Land Use Planning National Spatial Strategies Promotion/Development Plan for Specific Prefectures Okinawa Promotion Basic Hokkaido Comprehensive Planned in an National Plan integrated manner National Plan Policy/Plan Development Plan Prefectural Plans Regional Plans Specific areas which have own Metropolitan areas dev. plans promotion/development plans National Capital Region Dev. Plan Municipal Plans Plans on infrastructure Areas with special soils development Kinki Region Development Plan Priority Plan for Infrastructure Dev. Remote islands Chubu Region Development Plan Land Use Master Plans Basic Plan on Transportation Policy Amami Islands Ogasawara Islands Areas controlled by individual laws Basic Plans for Housing Other plans Water Resource Development City area Long-term Development plan Snowy areas Basic Plans for land improvement Agriculture area Mountain village areas Basic Disaster Management Plan Forest Improvement and Conservation Forest area Works Master Plan Peninsular areas Basic Environmental Plan Long-term Development Plan Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture Natural Park area for Fishing Harbors and Fisheries Depopulated areas and Rural Areas Natural conservation area Waste Disposal Facility Dev. Plan Northern Territories adjacent area Basic Plan for Fisheries 1 About the National Spatial Strategy (National Plan) A comprehensive and basic plan to promote the use, improvement and conservation of National Land Based on the “National Spatial Planning Act” (Act No. 205, 1950, former “Comprehensive National Development Act” amended and renamed in 2005) Coordinator: National Spatial Planning and Regional Policy Bureau, MLIT Plan duration: approx. 10 years Procedures needed to finalize the National Plan: • Asking for and reflecting opinions from the public • Consultation with the heads of related administrative organs • Hearing the opinions of the prefectures and designated cities government ordinance • Studied and deliberated by the “National Land Development Council” in MLIT • Cabinet decision Post-creation: • After a few years later from cabinet decision, MLIT conduct a policy assessment (policy review) based on the Policy Evaluations Act 2 History of the National Spatial Planning New Comprehensive 3rd Comprehensive 4th Comprehensive Comprehensive National Grand Design for the 21st National Spatial Strategy 2nd National Spatial National Development National Development National Development Development Plan Century (National Plan) Strategy (National Plan) Plan Plan Plan Cabinet Oct. 5, 1962 May 30, 1969 Nov. 4, 1977 June 30, 1987 March 31, 1998 Decision July 4, 2008 Aug. 14, 2015 1.Transition to high 1.High growth economy 1.Stable economic 1.Concentration of 1.Global age (Global 1.Great turning point for socio- 1.The current of the times and growth economy 2.Concentration of growth population and various environmental issues, economic conditions issues surrounding the 2.Overpopulation and population and 2.Signs of functions in Tokyo mega-competition, and (population decrease/aging, national land (rapid globalization, and population decrease and disparity in income industry in decentralization of 2.Employment issues in exchanges with Asian declining fertility rates, 3.National income- metropolitan areas population and non-metropolitan areas nations) development of information unprecedented aging, and communication Background doubling plan (Pacific 3.Advancement of industry are more serious for 2.Decreasing population impending catastrophes, Belt Zone Project) information 3.It became obvious that reasons such as drastic and the aging society technology) aging of infrastructures, etc.) 2.Change/diversification of 2.Change in the values of technology, national resources and structural changes in 3.Information-oriented values of Japanese people Japanese people (growing globalization, and energies are limited industry society 3.Conditions surrounding sense of “rural regression,” technical renovation 3.Advancement of full- national land (single-polar etc.) scale globalization single-axial land structure, 3.Change in national space (increase in low-use/unused etc.) About 10 years from land, vacant houses, etc.) Target year 1970 1985 Around 2000 2010 - 2015 1977 About 10 years from About 10 years from Well-balanced Improvement of the 2008 2015 Basic Creation of a rich Formation of a Prepare the basics for development general living -Construction of national Objectives between regions environment environment multipolar country a Multi-axial structure land where various regional blocks develop Promotion of Active Development of Large-scale project Stable settlement Interactive network Participation and autonomously regional hubs development concept concept Cooperation Interaction-led Spatial -Creating national land Development Decentralization of industry Promote large-scale projects Promote development of Establish a multipolar pattern This plan conceives the that is beautiful and is needed to achieve the by developing non-metropolitan areas territory with the following participation of diverse comfortable to live in objectives of this plan. transportation networks, while controlling the initiatives: entities and cooperation Multilayered and Efforts must be made to such as the Shinkansen concentration of population 1.Promote a between regions as the basis [Five strategic objectives] resilient “Compact City develop regional hubs, by (bullet train) and and industry in metropolitan creative/innovative for national and regional and Networks” expressways, to mitigate the areas. Make efforts to improvement of each area development. 1.Exchange and cooperation organically relating them to with East Asia and promoting interaction uneven use of land and achieve a well-balanced use of national territory by [Four Strategies] [Specific direction] solve problems such as of the national territory maximizing regional 2.Creation of sustainable 1.The national land that shines with the existing production 1.Build nature-rich regions mass in Tokyo and other overpopulation, while responding to the characteristics locally and acts globally depopulation, and regional issues of overpopulation and 2.Develop backbone residential areas (small 3.Creation of disaster-resilient, (creating regional areas with metropolitan areas, with a cities, agricultural and flexible national land Development new transportation and disparities. depopulation, with the aim transportation, diversity, etc.) of creating a better living information, and fishing areas, hilly and 4.Management and 2.National land management method communication network. mountainous areas) inheritance of beautiful Such development shall be environment for citizens. communication networks and infrastructures that nationwide in accordance 2.Renovate metropolitan national land support safety and security, performed by maintaining areas (renovation, renewal, 5.Creation of regional areas the characteristics of the with the national program and economic growth or initiatives led by the and effective use of based on the "new public" as 3.Participation and peripheral areas and spheres in large cities) an axis achieving a chain reaction national government cooperation to support 3.Establish various 3.Form regional cooperation creation of national land that promotes regionally corridors (regional balanced development. interaction opportunities (fostering actors and through a joint effort partnership taking the form creating the society of between the national of axis) mutual assistance) government, each regions, 4.Form international spheres and private institutions. of interaction on a large scale (which has global interactive functions) 3 Gini coefficient on the prefectural income per capita According to Gini coefficient, regional gap had declined during the rapid economic growth period (60s-70s). The gap had been on the increase around the economic bubble period, and then fell down again. It came to rise again from the beginning to mid 00s, and then reduced late 00s before/after financial crisis （Gini coefficient） 69 0.132 62 CNDP New CNDP 77 3rd CNDP 87 4th CNDP 98 21GD 08 NSS 0.14 （1961） 0.13 1st Oil Shock （1973） Corruption of 0.12 “Bubble Economy” （1991） 0.11 Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake （1995） Financial Crisis 0.10 （2008） 2nd Oil Shock （1979） Great East Japan 0.09 Asian Crisis Earthquake Regional gap Regional （1997） （2011） 0.08 0.072 （2013） 0.07 0.06 1955 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 2005 2010 Source: Data Prepared by National Spatial Planning and Regional Policy Bureau, MLIT, from “Prefectural Accounting” (Cabinet Office), and “Population Census”, “Population Estimates” and “Japan’s long-term statistical series” (Ministry of Internal Affaires and Communications) Note 1: Gini coefficient is an indicator to show income or wealth distribution, which ranges from 0 (minimum inequality) to 1 (maximum). Note 2: Data on prefectural income is based on 68SNA (from
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