Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Bologna - April 2004
Giovanni Capone Senior Consultant [email protected] V1d Why Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
Designed to provide the industry's leading Linux solution for enterprise and commercial deployments ● Performance – Engineered with partners; benchmark proven ● Stability – Most thoroughly tested/certified Linux available ● Security – Unmatched track record; continuous enhancements ● Manageability – Highest systems/admin ratio of any environment Supports the applications that enterprise deployments need Available with a range of support services that eliminate risk
Red Hat Enterprise Linux offers an unbeatable combination of quality, applications, and services Red Hat Product Red Hat Enterprise Linux: Developed to meet the needs of Lineage enterprise/commercial customers
● 12-18 month release cycle
Red Hat Linux: Developed to meet ● Stable/mature open source the needs of the Open Source movement technology and early technology adopters ● ABI/APIs held stable ● 4-6 month release cycle ● Bundled support – up to 5 years ● Latest open source technology ● Annual subscription ● ABI/APIs may change
● Limited support 2.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
● End of life - 1/1/04 Q2/CY02 Q4/CY03
7.1 7.2 Red Hat Linux 8.0 9
Fedora Project: Developed to meet the needs of the Open Source movement Fedora Project ● Rapid release cycle
● Latest open source technology
● ABI/APIs may change
● No support; free download Red Hat Product Family
Enterprise Server Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS - X86, Itanium, AMD64, IBM z,i,p servers Red Hat Open Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES - X86 servers Source 3 Enterprise client/desktop Code Base Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS - X86, Itanium, AMD64 workstations Available from Sales, Partners & Web
Stability and quality with extended General purpose desktop release cycle Red Hat Professional Certified ISV applications and OEM Workstation hardware - X86 desktops Leadership price/performance with Available in Retail Stores audited benchmarks Services and support from Red Hat and partners Red Hat Enterprise Architecture
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Management environment: System hardware environment: Red Hat Network AMD, IBM, Intel Enterprise Linux market segmentation
Target Hardware Target Market
Red Hat “Advanced >2 CPUs Large servers (e.g. database & Enterprise Server” >8GB memory (x86) enterprise applications) Linux AS
Red Hat SOHO & departmental servers “Entry/Mid 1-2 CPUs Enterprise (e.g. small-medium web, file & Server” Up to 8GB memory Linux ES print configurations)
Corporate/home office productivity (e.g. Document Red Hat “Workstation/ creation, email, Web, IM) Enterprise 1-2 CPUs Desktop” technical workstations (e.g. Linux WS CAD/CAM, S/W development) HPC compute nodes Applications, applications, applications.. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the Linux standard for enterprise infrastructure, business application, and tools vendors
Support for the Market Leaders Red Hat Certified & Red Hat Ready Apps
459 434 360 323 279 217 175 142 92 69 40
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Hardware, hardware, hardware...
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is supported by many leading hardware manufacturers ● With extensive hardware certification—servers and storage Systems with preloaded Red Hat Enterprise Linux available from multiple vendors ● With support provided for complete hardware + Red Hat Enterprise Linux solution Performance & Scalability
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, in combination with the most compelling 2.6 kernel features, delivers world record performance and scalability Red Hat works closely with ISV/OEM partners to provide performance and price/performance benchmark results
Quad CPU world record Performance and Price/Performance that beats TPC/C achieved on Windows and HP/UX Itanium 2 system in Operating System TpmC $/tpmC October 2003 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 136,110 $3.94 Windows/SQL Server 121,065 $4.79 HP/UX 131,639 $7.25 Configuration - HP Integrity rx5670 Itanium - 4 CPUs, 96GB with ~6.8 GB storage - Oracle 10g Standard Edition Database TPC/C World Record
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 achieved the overall World Record TPC-C benchmark result on December 8, 2003
17% faster than the # 2 benchmark result 50% faster than fastest Windows 2003 result 98% faster than fastest Sun Solaris result Lowest $/tpmC of the top 10 performance results ~90 Terabyte Oracle 10g Database Based on 16 node Itanium 2 cluster & x86s The only Linux with an audited TPC-C result
Proof of scalability, performance and value from Red Hat, HP & Oracle Enterprise Linux release model
Extended development of new releases ● Partners and customers involved in alpha/beta tests delivered through Red Hat Network ● 12-18 month release cycle
Regular, consolidated updates provided during product lifetime: ● Maintains compatibility across entire family ● Red Hat Network plus typically full ISO respins ● Bug fixes ● Minor enhancements ● New hardware ● 5 years Enterprise Linux support
GA 2.5 years 3 years 5 years Full Deployment Maintenance
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is supported for a full 5 years from product release Support delivered by Red Hat selected partners ● e.g. Oracle, Dell Three phases of support: ● Full support: Includes hardware updates, bug fixes, security ● Deployment: Includes security bug fixes ● Maintenance: Includes security, selected bug fixes Enterprise Linux product timeline
Red Hat Enterprise RHEL3 Alpha Layered Product rollout RHEL3 Beta Q3CY03 Q4CY03 Q1CY04 Q2CY04 Q3CY04 Q4CY04
2.6 Kernel stabilized Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3++ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 launch
Expected 2.6.0 Kernel Proposed/expected availability dates. Subject to change Upstream?
Linux community kernel versions are always ahead of commercial Linux product kernels ● Productization cycles introduce version skew Features that Red Hat and others develop, which appear in “Upstream” kernels, are often integrated into Red Hat Enterprise Linux products that are based on earlier kernels ● Especially features suitable for commercial environments
2.4 2.4.21 2.6 Linux Kernel Development community Community peer review
RHEL3 product RHEL3 product integration & stabilization release 2.4.21-x.EL Red Hat developed features Linux 2.6 & RHEL 3 Kernel Features
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 is based on a hybrid kernel, comprising: ● 2.4.21 basic core ● Numerous “backported” features from the 2.6 kernel ● Additional features not yet included in the 2.6 kernel Overall goal is to provide exceptional stability combined with the technical features required by customers and ISVs The few 2.6 features that are not included are: ● Still insufficiently stable for commercial/enterprise use ● Not urgently needed at this time Linux 2.6 & RHEL 3 Kernel Features
Feature Included in Included in Provides: Linux 2.6 Enterprise kernel Linux 3 products Native Posix Thread Library (NPTL) Yes Yes High performance POSIX compliant multi-threading Kernel IPSec Yes Yes IPSec layer for use by kernel modules Asynchronous I/O (AIO) Yes Yes Improved application performance O(1) Scheduler Yes Yes Highly scalable SMP scheduler Oprofile Yes Yes CPU-hardware-based performance monitoring Kksymoops Yes Yes Improved kernel bug reporting Reverse Map Virtual Memory (rmap VM) Yes Yes Performance improvement in memory constrained systems HugeTLBFS Yes Yes Performance improvement for large virtual memory applications (e.g. Databases) Remap_file_pages Yes Yes Kernel memory optimization for shared memory applications 2.6 network stack features (IGMPv3, Ipv6...) Yes Yes Improved network capabilities (performance, messaging, standards) Ipvs Yes Yes Network load balancing Access Control Lists (ACLs) Yes Yes Improved file system security management 4GB-4GB memory split No Yes Greatly increased x86 physical memory support and larger application address space Scheduler support for hyperthreaded CPUs No Yes Improved hyperthreaded CPU performance (2.6 implementation not yet comparable) Block I/O (BIO) layer Yes No Major rewrite of the I/O subsystem (stabilization and driver support in progress) Support for >2 TB file system Yes No Support for very large volumes. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 supports up to 1 TB New I/O elevators Yes No Fine tuning for I/O subsystem performance (stabilization in progress) XFS filesystem Yes No High performance file system Interactive scheduler response tuning Yes No Scheduler improvements for interactive tasks (stabilization in progress) Red Hat Enterprise Architecture
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M Enterprise Hardware – X86, Itanium, AMD64, IBM z,i,p Linux
Management environment: System hardware environment: Red Hat Network AMD, IBM, Intel Red Hat Applications
Red Hat has extended the value of open source solutions by developing a suite of layered products for Enterprise Linux: ● Cluster Suite – provides high-availability “failover” clustering ● Previously available only with Enterprise Linux AS ● Developer Suite ● Eclipse-based IDE and developer tools
Other products under active development for delivery in 2004 Red Hat Applications
New products are delivered with a simple subscription pricing model that includes 1 year of maintenance and Red Hat Network access ● Layered product support level is inherited from the underlying Red Hat Enterprise Linux support level ● 5 years of maintenance/support The new products complement the existing Red Hat Portal Server and Content Management products The existing Stronghold product has been retired, and all its existing capabilities incorporated into Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Network
Red Hat's modular, Web-based Linux management platform ● Built for distributed systems ● Integrates with existing platforms Simple value proposition ● Save time and money ● Increase productivity ● Enhance security Modular approach ● Updates – management – monitoring – provisioning/ Runs entirely on local network configuration management (hosted version available) RHN entitlement overview
Monitoring Updates (Included with - Holistic Threshold Monitoring RHEL) (Host, OS, Applications, Network, - Simple GUI Interface Transactions) - RPM Based - Agentless Architecture (Easy - Dependency Change/Install) Checking - Integrates Easily to MOM (Manager of - Instant Notification Managers) - Auto Update (Optional) - Historical, Trending, Real Time Reporting Management Provisioning/Configuration Management - Systems Grouping - Provision Bare Metal Boxes - Role-based Systems Permissions (Policies, Permissions, Packages) - Systems Search - On-the-fly Provisioning - Package Profile & Compare - Scheduled Actions - Rollback (Delta Actions) - Tightly Coupled with Management Module - Custom Channels & Errata (Satellite) - Available with Cactus Release
Save time, increase productivity, enhance security Red Hat Network architecture
Hosted Scout Satellite Entire RHN backend Systems connect to Scout. located on customer Systems connect to RHN Scout aggregates requests premises. Can be Overview over public Internet to RHN public infrastructure. disconnected from RHN public infrastructure. Included with N/A N/A Update Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Management Comes with Entitlement Management Scout Management Satellite
Monitoring Scout Monitoring Satellite N/A – Scout necessary Monitoring (available today) (Q4 2003) Enterprise Linux 3 features
Focus on performance, scalability, availability, application development & standards support. Major new features include: ● Kernel based on 2.4.21 with numerous 2.5/2.6 features ● Better support for large SMP, memory, and I/O configurations ● Forward compatibility between RHEL 2.1 and RHEL 3 ● Greatly improved desktop environment ● 4GB-4GB Kernel/User Memory Split ● Enhanced standards support ● Enhanced security features ● Native Posix Threading Library ● GCC 3.2 tool chain environment ● Logical Volume Manager ● Diskless system support Enterprise Linux 3 for ia64 features
Our codebase (kernel and user-level packages) is the same throughout the supported architectures Easier maintenance and deployment Encourages writing portable code 64-bit advantages transparently available ● 100% 64-bit native code ● Larger per-process memory space ● Faster execution ● Partial 32-bit binary compatitbility with the x86-compat-libs package ● Recompilation with 64-bit compiler necessary Native Posix Thread Library
Required for high performance multi-threaded commercial Function-1 () {x Register Stack y applications, e.g. Java }z Full implementation of POSIX threads Function-2 () Register Major feature that will accelerate Linux {x Stack y adoption in the enterprise }z Highly scalable, native implementation Main () ● Creation/deletion performance Function-1 Text Function-2 independent of the number of threads : running : Identity ● Includes threaded core dumps Data I, j Identity Heap ● Informal benchmarks show >50,000 simultaneous thread creations-deletions/second Thread Local Storage & Futex APIs Logical Volume Manager
Separate physical and logical devices ext2/ext3 filesystems resizable Allows flexible storage management Compatible with software RAID Uses LVM1 implementation (from Sistina)
Volume Group
Mount Point / home
/ var
Mount Point Physical Volume Group Volumes Can grow later as needed Java support
Bundled open source Java environment ● GCJ/libgcj (Java GCC compiler front-end) Third-party Java environments tested and available: ● IBM Java for x86, IA64, iSeries, pSeries, zSeries, S/390 ● Sun Java for x86 and IA64 ● BEA JRockit for x86 and IA64 IBM Java provided on 'Extras' CD and RHN channel AMD64 supports: ● x86 Java implementations ● 64-bit gcj Networking
Improvements to channel bonding ● Failover & bandwidth aggregation for servers w/multiple NICs Kernel IPsec – secures IPv4 traffic ● Tunnel mode builds tunnels between subnets ● Transport mode secures communication directly between two machines ● Packets are encrypted, authenticated and anti-replay protected ● Able to communicate with IPsec devices and OS Kernel IPv6 support (more complete implementation than in 2.1 Kernel support for both IGMP V2 & V3 (Internet group management protocol Security
File system ACLs ● Unix file permissions not always adequate ● Multiple UIDs, Groups, and set-UID apps proliferate ● ACLs are additional sets of read/write/execute triplets ● Can be added to any objects ● Files, directories, devices, or any other file system objects ● Highly configurable – fine tune access ● Without resorting to multiple groups or set-UID apps ● Includes support for NFS mounted file systems Miscellaneous features
Simplified product packaging ● For each architecture, set of core CDs provide a common Red Hat Enterprise Linux foundation for all family members ● Each family member has a unique installation CD containing product-specific client/server packages Kernel unsupported package ● Provided as a convenience for non-enterprise drivers and modules Memory management enhancements ● Support for RMAP VM and Large Pages ACPI 2.0 (developed with HW partners) ● Itanium2 and AMD64 only ● x86 support not planned due to widespread non-compliant BIOS's Resources
Red Hat Ready Program ● http://www.redhat.com/solutions/partners/rhrp/ Red Hat Developer Connection ● http://www.redhat.com/solutions/industries/developer/ Migration Info ● http://www.redhat.com/services/focus/migration Developer Support and TAM ● http://www.redhat.com/support/service/offerings/ Training ● http://www.redhat.com/training/skills/courses/ ● http://www.redhat.com/training/developer/courses/ Oracle ISV ● http://www.redhat.com/partners/oracle_isv_start.html Red Hat Ready Program
Listing of your application in our online Solutions Catalog Use of the Red Hat Ready logo: Participation in Red Hat marketing activities, when available
Some program requirements:
You have tested your application on Red Hat Enterprise Linux You officially support customers who deploy your product on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Your application adheres to the Red Hat Certified Application guidelines Red Hat Developer Connection
Brings together developers with engineers, tools and software from Red Hat Provides developers a reference platform, tools, resources to build applications around the Red Hat Open Source Architecture Developer subscriptions: ● Basic 30-day trial ● Standard Developer Subscription Migration Info
Red Hat will help you select the application domains that will yield the greatest return We can provide support and management of Linux-based structure Developer Support
Recommendations on methodology for porting applications to Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advice on the use of Linux system calls Advice on the use of libraries distributed with Red Hat Enterprise Linux such as: glibc and libstdc++ Guidance on standard Linux programming practices and methodology Use of GNU-based development tools distributed with Red Hat Enterprise Linux: gcc, g++, gas Use of binutils tools such as: ld and objdump Use of gdb to debug applications Use of other development tools and utilities distributed with Red Hat Enterprise Linux such as: make and Makefile creation, automake, autoconf, CVS (Concurrent Versions System) Technical Account Management
Early identification of issues when deploying on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (beta testing, bug/feature escalation/resolution) Exposure and access to Red Hat's latest technology and development plans An advocate into Red Hat product engineering and the open source community Subscription to Red Hat's Technical Account Management monthly newsletter Two on-site technical review visits per year Training
Skills Courses ● Focus on Linux administration skills ● Hands-on training ● Certification available
Developer Courses ● Focus on key concepts and skills essential to programming and software development Porting Tips
LP64 model: long and pointers are 64-bit, int is 32-bit #include