Draft Eighth Five-Year Plan, 1990—95 and Annual Plan, 1991-92
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GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR DRAFT EIGHTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 1990—95 AND ANNUAL PLAN, 1991-92 VOLUME II G) h - V PLANNING DEPARTMENT 0 /) ■Slib. i , c tijUun.,, N ationInstiruie of Educationar Pi ?: ri n j! •, 1 i; J A m in is^ atio n 17-B.S.iAv' l-v.do Marg,NewDclhi-1100lW DOC. N o.D .r.jjd^ J.. ........... OittCw. ^ *7. CONTENTS Chapter I Paqb Introduction i—xvi Summary Statements- (i) Statement I (Outlay and Expenditure duringg the Sevent plan; .. xvii—^xxii (ii) Statement II (Physieal Targert and Achievmient iuring the x x iii-ix x i Seventh Plan; (m) Statement IV (Draft Eighth Plan (1990-95) aind Annual Plans cii—xxxviii 1990-91 and 1991-92) (it?) Statewient IV (A) Minimum ITeeds Piogramime; (Vf Statement V (Externally Aided Projects) .. (vt) Statement VI (Tribal Sub pUn; .. .. id v l^ iii (vii; Statement VI(A/ (Special Component Plan; .. rivL-ixi I-.... (vitif Statement VIT (Employment; .. .. Ixii-^iii VI. INDUSTRY AND MINERALS ■ £ 1 Village and Smali Industries 345—370 2 Large and Medium Industries .. 371—401 3 Mining .. 402—416 ..I,-^1 £ VII. TRANSPORT /■•u' . - .IlLX 1 Civil Aviation :;r 116—420 2 BoMs and Bridges— 4 ^ ^ 4 6 4 (а) P.W.D. Roads d {-] (б) Rural Roads I ^41 («) Urban Roads (d) Roads in sugarcane areas .. Chapter P a g es. 3 Roa4 Transport 465—472 4 Inland Water Transport 473—476 VIII. SCIENCE TECHKOLOGY i AND ENVIRONMENT 1 Scientific Research .. 47e—487 2 Ecology and Environment ... 488—492 IX. GENERAL ECONOMIC SERUVICES 1 Planning Machinery 493—497 2 joivalaation 498—502 3 Tourism ^ 503r-6l5 4 Statistics.. 616—623 5 X3i'vil Supplies 624^632 ^ ; District, Planning . 633—S38 1 Weights and Heasuies .. ,»• 539^543 B. Soeial Services X. EDUCATION AND SPORTS, J, ART AND CULTURE 1 General Education .. 5 4 4 ^ 6 3 2 Technical Education .. .. 564—579 3 Sports and Youth Services ... 580—584 4 Art and Culture 685—590 XI. MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEEALTH 1 Medical Education and Family We^ellfare .. 591—600 2 Public Health .. ... .. .. 601V-618 XII. WATER SUPPLY, HOUSINNG AND URBAN DEVELOP MENT. 1 iWater Supply and Sanitation .. 619—640 (a) Urban Water Supply (fe) Rural Water Supply 2 Housing 641—653 (а) Housing (б) House Sites for Rural Landldless Chapter P a g es. 3 Urban Development .. .. .. .. 654—666 XIII. INFORMATION AND PUBLLICITY 1 Information and Publicity .. .. .. .. 667—67 7 XJV. WELFARE OF SCHEDULEDD CASTES, SCHEDULED TRIBES AND OTHER BACKW^ARD CLASSES 1 Welfare of Scheduled Castes, ScheduUled Tribes and Other Back- 678—712 ward Classes. XV. LABOUR AND LABOUR WELLFARE 1 Labour and Labour Welfare .. .. .. .. 713—747 XVI. SOCIAL WELFARE AND NUUTRITION 1 Social Welfare .. .. .. .. .. 748—761 2 Nutrition .. .. .. .. .. 762—768 C. General Services XVII. 1. Jail .. .. .. .. .. 769—780 2 Stationery and Printing .. .. .. .. 781—786 3 Public Works .. .. ., .. .. 786—812 4 Other Administrative Services— (а) Autonomous Development Authdiority .. .. 813—816 (б) Project Administration .. .. .. .. 817—821 (c) Establishment for Monitoring 20-0-Point Programme .. 822—825 {d) Man Power Training .. .. .. .. 826—^829 (e) District Re-organisation .. .. .. 830—833 (/) Minority Finance Corporation .. .. .. 834—837 CHAPTER-I Growth Perspectives in BWhar Introduetion,iiiiroiiuciiuii« Bihar has an area of 1.74 lakhs Square Kilorrndtres and a population, aedot- rding to 1981 Census, of 69.9 millions. In termsof airea ard population., it accounts for 5.3. and 10.2 per cent respectively of the area amd population of the couhtry. The State has a high density of 402 persons per scquare kilometre against 208 for the country. 1.2. The population of the State is not only the secomd biggest after Uttar Pradesh in the country but is also rising at an increasing rat€e. The decadal rate of gr^^h of population was 10.27 per cent in the decade 1941— 51. It rose to 19.77 per cent in 1951—61, 21.30 per C3rt in 1961—71 and to 24.0« per cent in the decade 1971— 81,^ If this rate of growth of population continues, tfor which there are all the indi cations, the population may reach the level of 8 6 .7 milliors ard 95 millions oh 1st March, 1991 and 1995 respectively. 1.3. The reason for the high rate of growth of 2 >opulation in the State lies in pgh birth rate and some what low death rates. Acicording to the Sample Re^istra- |ion Bulletin (June, 1988) of the Registrar General cof India, the birthrate in'Bihar in 1987 was 36.6 per 1000 against 32.0 for the country. In rural areas, it Was 37.3 in Bihar against 33.5 for thp country. In urbaa,n areas, however, it was iowfer at 30.3 in Bihar against 27.1 for the country. Accojrdiiig to the same source, tfi© death i^te in B it o m 19S7 m s 13.1 per 1000 agannst 10.8 for the country. Til© rural and urban death rates in the State in the refe^rence year were 13.6 ar d 8.1 per 1000 against the respective rates of 11.9 and 7.3 per l 600 for the cou%ry. The infant mortality rate in the State, according' to the same source, was 102 per 1000 live births against 95 for the country. The iTural a’^d urban infant mortar lity rates in the State were 104 ard 72 per 1000Hive births against 104i.rd 61 respectively for the country. 1.4. The high infart mortality rate in the State is one of the most inipbrttot reasons for the high birth rate. The high infamt mortality rale in the ^taf« may be attributed to relatevely poor health facilitie® prevailing in the State. 1^'e bed-population ratio in the State is presently arourd 1:3541 against a norm of 1:10^: Similarly, the doc^br-popuMtion ratio in the State is 1:13431 against a nork of 1 ;'^6 The second important reason for the high birth rate in the State is t^e tow 'le#I of liti^racy. According to the 1981 Census, the percientage of literates in the State was $6.2 against 36.2 for the country, th e female Mtjeracy in the State W^s nearly half the total literacy rate at 13.6 against 24.8 per (cent for the country. It is nece ssary, therefore, to expand the health care and educational facilities in order to be able to arrest the rising trend in the growth of the population of the State. 1.5. RiMng population, however, is not and evil pfiienomenon if adcompaiii^d ]By A commensurate rate of growth of income, unfortunately , the fate of gro-vs^h of'todnl©; Sj the state domestic product, in the State has not Ibeen adequate enough to ^ rising population at reasonable standards of livimg. The rate of gro^h of th© domestic product in the State during the periotd 1950-51 to 1988-89 was ai'oiind per cent per annum. Due to the rise in population,, however, the P©r |pi;a incoihe rose only by about 1.47 per cent pesr annum. There are two *6tiier kctars in this connection which are worthy of note.. These are the inequitous distri- butbn of personal end and regional incomes. The iniequality in distribution of per sonal incomes can be explained better in terms of the pc^verty ratio. According to the estmates of the Planning Commission, the percentage; of the poor in the total popu lation of the State in 1983-84 was 49.5 against 37.4 foir the country. The percentage of the rural poor was higher at 51.4 against the c»orresponding figure of 40.4 for the country. The percentage of the urban poor, howrever, was lower at 37.0 against 11 28.1 for the country. The disparity ratio, as measured by the per capita income at 1970-71 prices of the highest and lowest income State of Punjab ard Bihar, in 1985-86 was 3.4. These facts indicate the directions in which the national and State Plans have to be oriented. 1.6 . The reasons why the State domestic product is not increasing at a good enough rat,e to support the rising population of the State lie in the structural imba lances of the economy, the inadequacy of infrastructural facilities ard the low rate of investment. The State’s economy is predominantly rural and agricultural. The rural population of the State is 87.5 per cent of the total against 76.3 per cent for the country. The percentage of workers in the total population of the State is only 29.7 against 33.4 for the country. A vast majority of the workers in the State are engaged in agricultural pursuits. The percentage of workers, cultivaters ard agricultural labourers, engaged in agricultural pursuits. According to 1981 Census, is 79.2 against 76.7 for the country. Agriculture of the State is heavly dependent upon rain fall, the percentage of irrigated to total cultivated area being about 39. The rainfall received is quite fluctuating. It often creates situations of droughts ard floods. The instability in agricultural production following from this phenemenon has an adverse effect on growth. Agriculture, again, is of the subsistence type. About 79 per cent of the holdings in the State are of leass than 2 hectares in size accounting for about 30 per cent of the total operational area. The majority of the farmers are thererefore, .small and marginal farmers subsisting on very low earnings with little or no resources of their own for either land development or provision of the high-cost inputs needed for raising productivity yield per hectare.