WARSAW CONVENTION Section One AS AMENDED at the HAGUE, 19552 and by PROTOCOL No

WARSAW CONVENTION Section One AS AMENDED AT THE HAGUE, 19552 AND BY PROTOCOL No. 4 OF MONTREAL, 19753

UNIFIED TEXT

CHAPTER I 2. In the carriage of postal items the carrier shall be liable only to the relevant postal administration in accordance Scope — Definitions with the rules applicable to the relationship between the 1.1 carriers and the postal administrations. Article 1 3. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article, the 1. This Convention applies to all international carriage of provisions of this Convention shall not apply to the carriage persons, baggage, or cargo performed by aircraft for of postal items. reward. It applies equally to gratuitous carriage by aircraft performed by an air transport undertaking. CHAPTER II 2. For the purposes of this Convention, the expression DOCUMENTS OF CARRIAGE international carriage means any carriage in which, according to the agreement between the parties, the place SECTION I — Passenger Ticket of departure and the place of destination, whether or not there be a break in the carriage or a transhipment, are situ- Article 3 ated either within the territories of two High Contracting Parties or within the territory of a single High Contracting 1. In respect of the carriage of passengers a ticket shall Party if there is an agreed stopping place within the terri- be delivered containing: tory of another State, even if that State is not a High a) an indication of the places of departure and desti- Contracting Party. Carriage between two points within the nation; territory of a single High Contracting Party without an agreed stopping place within the territory of another State b) if the places of departure and destination are within is not international carriage for the purposes of this the territory of a single High Contracting Party, one Convention. or more agreed stopping places being within the territory of another State, an indication of at least 3. Carriage to be performed by several successive air one such stopping place; carriers is deemed, for the purposes of this Convention, to be one undivided carriage if it has been regarded by the c) a notice to the effect that, if the passenger’s journey parties as a single operation, whether it had been agreed involves an ultimate destination or stop in a country upon under the form of a single contract or of a series of other than the country of departure, the Warsaw contracts, and it does not lose its international character Convention may be applicable and that the merely because one contract or a series of contracts is to Convention governs and in most cases limits the be performed entirely within the territory of the same State. liability of carriers for death or personal injury and in respect of loss of or damage to baggage. Article 2 2. The passenger ticket shall constitute prima facie evidence of the conclusion and conditions of the contract of 1. This Convention applies to carriage performed by the carriage. The absence, irregularity or loss of the passenger State or by legally constituted public bodies provided it falls ticket does not affect the existence or the validity of the within the conditions laid down in Article 1. contract of carriage which shall, none the less, be subject to the rules of this Convention. Nevertheless, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks without a passenger ticket having been delivered, or if the ticket does not include the notice required by paragraph 1 c) of this 1 The French text is the only authoritative text of the Warsaw Article, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of Convention; a copy is at Section 5.1 of this booklet. The transla- the provisions of Article 22. tion presented here is that followed by the United Kingdom [Carriage by Air Act 1961]. The translation currently used in the United States is at Section 5.4. [PN] SECTION II — Baggage Check 2 ICAO Doc. 7632. Done in three authentic texts in the English, French and Spanish languages. In the case of any inconsis- Article 4 tency, the text in the French language, in which language the Warsaw Convention was drawn up, shall prevail. [PN] 3 ICAO Doc. 9148. Done in four authentic texts in the English, 1. In respect of the carriage of registered baggage, a French, Russian and Spanish languages. In the case of any baggage check shall be delivered, which, unless combined inconsistency, the text in the French language, in which language with or incorporated in a passenger ticket which complies the Warsaw Convention was drawn up, shall prevail. [PN] with the provisions of Article 3, paragraph 1, shall contain:

3 l Essential Documents on International Air Carrier Liability

a) an indication of the places of departure and desti- 3. The signature of the carrier and that of the consignor nation; may be printed or stamped. b) if the places of departure and destination are within 4. If, at the request of the consignor, the carrier makes the territory of a single High Contracting Party, one out the air waybill, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to or more agreed stopping places being within the the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the consignor. territory of another State, an indication of at least Section One one such stopping place; Article 7 c) a notice to the effect that, if the carriage involves an ultimate destination or stop in a country other than When there is more than one package: 1.1 the country of departure, the Warsaw Convention may be applicable and that the Convention governs a) the carrier of cargo has the right to require the and in most cases limits the liability of carriers in consignor to make out separate air waybills; respect of loss of or damage to baggage. b) the consignor has the right to require the carrier to 2. The baggage check shall constitute prima facie deliver separate receipts when the other means evidence of the registration of the baggage and of the referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 5 are used. conditions of the contract of carriage. The absence, irregularity or loss of the baggage check does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage which shall, Article 8 none the less, be subject to the rules of this Convention. Nevertheless, if the carrier takes charge of the baggage The air waybill and the receipt for the cargo shall without a baggage check having been delivered or if the contain: baggage check (unless combined with or incorporated in a) an indication of the places of departure and desti- the passenger ticket which complies with the provisions of nation; Article 3, paragraph 1 c)) does not include the notice b) if the places of departure and destination are within required by paragraph 1 c) of this Article, he shall not be the territory of a single High Contracting Party, one entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 22, para- or more agreed stopping places being within the graph 2. territory of another State, an indication of at least one such stopping place; and Section III — Documentation Relating to Cargo c) an indication of the weight of the consignment. Article 5 Article 9 1. In respect of the carriage of cargo an air waybill shall be delivered. Non-compliance with the provisions of Articles 5 to 8 2. Any other means which would preserve a record of the shall not affect the existence or the validity of the contract carriage to be performed may, with the consent of the of carriage, which shall, none the less, be subject to the consignor, be substituted for the delivery of an air waybill. rules of this Convention including those relating to limita- If such other means are used, the carrier shall, if so tion of liability. requested by the consignor, deliver to the consignor a receipt for the cargo permitting identification of the consign- Article 10 ment and access to the information contained in the record preserved by such other means. 1. The consignor is responsible for the correctness of the 3. The impossibility of using, at points of transit and particulars and statements relating to the cargo inserted by destination, the other means which would preserve the him or on his behalf in the air waybill or furnished by him or record of the carriage referred to in paragraph 2 of this on his behalf to the carrier for insertion in the receipt for the Article does not entitle the carrier to refuse to accept the cargo or for insertion in the record preserved by the other cargo for carriage. means referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 5. 2. The consignor shall indemnify the carrier against all Article 6 damage suffered by him, or by any other person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrect- 1. The air waybill shall be made out by the consignor in ness or incompleteness of the particulars and statements three original parts. furnished by the consignor or on his behalf. 2. The first part shall be marked “for the carrier”; it shall 3. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this be signed by the consignor. The second part shall be Article, the carrier shall indemnify the consignor against all marked “for the consignee”; it shall be signed by the damage suffered by him, or by any other person to whom consignor and by the carrier. The third part shall be signed the consignor is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incor- by the carrier and handed by him to the consignor after the rectness or incompleteness of the particulars and state- cargo has been accepted. ments inserted by the carrier or on his behalf in the receipt

4 l Main Instruments and Intercarrier Agreements

for the cargo or in the record preserved by the other means 2. Unless it is otherwise agreed, it is the duty of the referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 5. carrier to give notice to the consignee as soon as the cargo Section One arrives. 3. If the carrier admits the loss of the cargo, or if the Article 11 cargo has not arrived at the expiration of seven days after the date on which it ought to have arrived, the consignee is 1. The air waybill or the receipt for the cargo is prima entitled to enforce against the carrier the rights which flow facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract, of the from the contract of carriage. acceptance of the cargo and of the conditions of carriage mentioned therein. 1.1 2. Any statements in the air waybill or the receipt for the Article 14 cargo relating to the weight, dimensions and packing of the The consignor and the consignee can respectively cargo, as well as those relating to the number of packages, enforce all the rights given them by Articles 12 and 13, are prima facie evidence of the facts stated; those relating each in his own name, whether he is acting in his own inter- to the quantity, volume and condition of the cargo do not est or in the interest of another, provided that he carries out constitute evidence against the carrier except so far as they the obligations imposed by the contract of carriage. both have been, and are stated in the air waybill to have been, checked by him in the presence of the consignor, or relate to the apparent condition of the cargo. Article 15

1. Articles 12, 13 and 14 do not affect either the relations Article 12 of the consignor and the consignee with each other or the mutual relations of third parties whose rights are derived 1. Subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations either from the consignor or from the consignee. under the contract of carriage, the consignor has the right 2. The provisions of Articles 12, 13 and 14 can only be to dispose of the cargo by withdrawing it at the airport of varied by express provision in the air waybill or the receipt departure or destination, or by stopping it in the course of for the cargo. the journey on any landing, or by calling for it to be delivered at the place of destination or in the course of the journey to a person other than the consignee originally Article 16 designated, or by requiring it to be returned to the airport of departure. He must not exercise this right of disposition 1. The consignor must furnish such information and such in such a way as to prejudice the carrier or other documents as are necessary to meet the formalities of consignors and he must repay any expenses occasioned customs, octroi or police before the cargo can be delivered by the exercise of this right. to the consignee. The consignor is liable to the carrier for any damage occasioned by the absence, insufficiency or 2. If it is impossible to carry out the orders of the irregularity of any such information or documents, unless consignor the carrier must so inform him forthwith. the damage is due to the fault of the carrier, his servants or 3. If the carrier obeys the orders of the consignor for the agents. disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of 2. The carrier is under no obligation to enquire into the the part of the air waybill or the receipt for the cargo deliv- correctness or sufficiency of such information or docu- ered to the latter, he will be liable, without prejudice to his ments. right of recovery from the consignor, for any damage which may be caused thereby to any person who is lawfully in CHAPTER III possession of that part of the air waybill or the receipt for the cargo. Liability of the Carrier 4. The right conferred on the consignor ceases at the Article 17 moment when that of the consignee begins in accordance with Article 13. Nevertheless, if the consignee declines to The carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event accept the cargo, or if he cannot be communicated with, of the death or wounding of a passenger or any other the consignor resumes his right of disposition. bodily injury suffered by a passenger, if the accident which caused the damage so sustained took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embark- Article 13 ing or disembarking. 1. Except when the consignor has exercised his right under Article 12, the consignee is entitled, on arrival of the Article 18 cargo at the place of destination, to require the carrier to deliver the cargo to him, on payment of the charges due 1. The carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event and on complying with the conditions of carriage. of the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any registered

5 1.1 Section One or omissioncausedcontr the claimanttoe carr sation, orthepersonfromwhom heder other wrongfulactoromissionof thepersonclaimingcompen damage w 2. carr in accordancewiththepro negligence ofthepersonsuff pro 1. such measures a the carr case ofdamageoccasionedb ser tr e ing, deliv mance ofacontr subject toproofthecontr air carr 5. outside anair an air destr from oneormoreofthef the baggageorcargoisinchargeofcarr 3. 2. par 4. 6 damage sosustainedtookplacedur condition onlythattheoccurrencewhichcaused of thedestr sustained tookplacedur baggage l v v anspor ent whichtookplacedur oid thedamageorthatitw por v v ag ier shallbewhollyorpar ier whollyorpar iage b ants andagentsha es thatthedamagew In thecarr In thecarr In thecarr The carr The per b) a) Ho The carr c) The carr d) uction, lossof r por t. aphs ofthisAr inherent def an actofw w If def agents; person otherthanthecarr an actofpub with theentr ier shallnotbeliab tation b , ho t oronboardanaircr , iftheoccurrencewhichcauseddamageso e er as causedb y land,b v Essential DocumentsonInternationalAirCarrierLiability ectiv y ortr er iod ofthecarr uction orlossof ier isliab w iage b por ier isliab , thecarr e iage ofpassengersandbaggage . iage ofpassengersandbaggage y airofpassengers iage ofcargo v e pac act f t, inan er , suchcarr anshipment, an ar oran , ordamageto y airwithinthemeaningofpreceding tly fromhisliability y seaorb ect, qualityorviceofthatcargo; xtent thatsuchnegligenceorwrongful act or carr y le f ticle compr , e lic author king ofthatcargoperf y orcontr le f y placewhatsoe ier isnotliab or damageoccasionedb v xit ortr as causedb e tak Ar Ar Ar ing thecarr visions ofitso or damagesustainedinthee ollo ing thecarr iage b iage b ib ar tic tic tic tly e le ifhepro er uted tothedamage , ifthecarr y y dela wing: iage tak med conflict; as impossib aft, or en allnecessar ing thedamageCour le 21 le 20 le 19 , toha , ordamageto y r ib ansit ofthecargo ity carr ises theper xoner y airdoesnote y air uted tob iv , baggage , thecargoresultedsolely y damageispresumed, er perf y inthecarr , inthecaseofalanding , f v y orcontr le ifhepro . ier orhisser iage b iage b ing thecarr es placeintheperf e beentheresultofan ated fromhisliabilityto or thepur v ied outinconne wn la v er es thatheandhis ier pro iv y thenegligenceor le f . or es hisr y air , orcargo y air iod dur med outsidean w or themtotak ib y measuresto , e , cargoupon ier iage ofcargo . uted tob , ifthecarr or pose ofload y dela . v xtend toan v . xoner , andinthe es thatthe , whetherin es thatthe iage b . med b ing which ights v ants or . y inthe ate the t ma y air , the y the v xion y a ent or ier y e y - - - , , . 4 ______contr hundred andfiftythousandfr sand fr passenger islimitedtothesumoftw thousand fr charge himselftheliabilityofcarr 3. v 2. limit ofliability ma dance withthela 1. addition, thewholeorpar the cour 4. ger alent capitalv italics amounts e 3 ofAr Montreal AdditionalProtocolNo te y bea xt, see . c) As regardsobjectsofwhichthepassengertak a) In thecarr b) Inthecarr The limitsprescr act, thecarr . ancs ( the carr made fifty fr In thecarr interest indeliv o g g the declaredsum,unlesshepro the carr mentar in deliv w the carr consider contained therein,thew registered baggageorcargo In thecaseofloss nation. liab the casesorequires at destinationandhaspaidasupplementar ation indeter age orpac the sameairw pac Ne object containedtherein,aff par the consignor’ sum, unlesshepro carr time whenthepac kilog limited toasumof17SpecialDr This Protocolalsoamendspar ticle 22b t froma v r reater thanthepassenger’ w amme eight ofthepac er tothecarr S v arded inthef t oftheregisteredbaggageorcargo le topa ection 5.7.) xpressed inSpecialDr kages co ancs ( er ier r 16 600 Special Dr Special 600 16 . , atthetimewhenpac amme ancs ( theless , aspecialdeclar iage ofpersonstheliabilitycarr alue ofthesaidpa y sumifthecasesorequires er ier willbeliab ier islimitedtoasumoftw ier’ , unlessthepassengerorconsignorhas y replacingtheamountse w ier andthepassengerma ation indeter w ofthe y atdestinationandhaspaidasupple iage ofregisteredbaggage 332 Special Dr Special 332 arding, inaccordancewithitso iage ofcargo s liabilityislimitedshallbeonlythetotal kages shallalsobetak , unlesstheconsignorhasmade y asumnote 17 Special Dr Special 17 v , whentheloss mining thelimitofliability ered b [PN] s actualinterestindeliv ibed inthisar er a ier or ybill, thetotalw Ar y atdestination. C m ofper , aspecialdeclar tic our kage orpac v t ofthecour kage w , damageordela es thatthesumisg . y thesamebaggagechec le topa le 2 ancs In thatcasethecarr a t seisedofthecase mining theamounttowhich . wing Rights wing , theliabilityofcarr 2 amendspar ation ofinterestindeliv yments shallnote a a 2 iodical pa . wing Rightsasindicatedin wing Rights wing 4 eight tobetak a Ne as handedo o hundredandfiftythou xceeding thedeclared s orconsignor’ ects thev wing Rights wing , damageordela y asumnote ag ticle shallnotpre v r er , orofan ier islimitedtofiv aph 5. v xpressed infr eight ofsuchpac kages concer t costsandofthe es thatsumis kage w theless y ag ). a en intoconsider yments wing Rightsper ation ofinterest Where ag o hundredand , theliabilityof ree toahigher . ) perpassen r ( alue ofother . aphs 1,2and er y ofpar In thatcase F , b or amended reater than as handed ) perkilo ier f v y atdesti , damages , orofan wn la xceed tw , theequi ier willbe , inaccor er tothe xceeding y special y object s actual y sumif en into or each ancs b , atthe y ofa ier is w ned. v k or t of er ent , in es k o e y y ------l Main Instruments and Intercarrier Agreements

other expenses of the litigation incurred by the plaintiff. The Article 24 foregoing provision shall not apply if the amount of the Section One damages awarded, excluding court costs and other 1. In the carriage of passengers and baggage, any action expenses of the litigation, does not exceed the sum which for damages, however founded, can only be brought the carrier has offered in writing to the plaintiff within a subject to the conditions and limits set out in this period of six months from the date of the occurrence caus- Convention, without prejudice to the question as to who are ing the damage, or before the commencement of the the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are action, if that is later. their respective rights. 5. The sums mentioned in francs in this Article shall be 2. In the carriage of cargo, any action for damages, deemed to refer to a currency unit consisting of sixty-five however founded, whether under this Convention or in contract or in tort or otherwise, can only be brought subject 1.1 and a half milligrammes of gold of millesimal fineness nine to the conditions and limits of liability set out in this hundred. These sums may be converted into national Convention without prejudice to the question as to who are currencies in round figures. Conversion of the sums into the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are national currencies other than gold shall, in case of judicial their respective rights. Such limits of liability constitute proceedings, be made according to the gold value of such maximum limits and may not be exceeded whatever the currencies at the date of the judgment. circumstances which gave rise to the liability. 6. The sums mentioned in terms of the Special Drawing Right in this Article shall be deemed to refer to the Special Article 25 Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. Conversion of the sums into national currencies In the carriage of passengers and baggage, the limits shall, in case of judicial proceedings, be made according to of liability specified in Article 22 shall not apply if it is the value of such currencies in terms of the Special proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of Drawing Right at the date of the judgment. The value of a the carrier, his servants or agents, done with intent to national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, of cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that a High Contracting Party which is a Member of the damage would probably result; provided that, in the case of International Monetary Fund, shall be calculated in accor- such act or omission of a servant or agent, it is also proved dance with the method of valuation applied by the that he was acting within the scope of his employment. International Monetary Fund, in effect at the date of the judgment, for its operations and transactions. The value of a national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, Article 25A of a High Contracting Party which is not a Member of the International Monetary Fund, shall be calculated in a 1. If an action is brought against a servant or agent of the manner determined by that High Contracting Party. carrier arising out of damage to which this Convention relates, such servant or agent, if he proves that he acted Nevertheless, those States which are not Members of within the scope of his employment, shall be entitled to the International Monetary Fund and whose law does not avail himself of the limits of liability which that carrier permit the application of the provisions of paragraph 2 b) of himself is entitled to invoke under Article 22. Article 22 may, at the time of ratification or accession or at 2. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the any time thereafter, declare that the limit of liability of the carrier, his servants and agents, in that case, shall not carrier in judicial proceedings in their territories is fixed at a exceed the said limits. sum of two hundred and fifty monetary units per kilo- gramme. This monetary unit corresponds to sixty-five and 3. In the carriage of passengers and baggage, the provi- a half milligrammes of gold of millesimal fineness nine sions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply if hundred. This sum may be converted into the national it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omis- currency concerned in round figures. The conversion of this sion of the servant or agent done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage sum into the national currency shall be made according to would probably result. the law of the State concerned.

Article 26 Article 23 1. Receipt by the person entitled to the delivery of 1. Any provision tending to relieve the carrier of liability or baggage or cargo without complaint is prima facie to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this evidence that the same have been delivered in good condi- Convention shall be null and void, but the nullity of any tion and in accordance with the document of carriage. such provision does not involve the nullity of the whole contract, which shall remain subject to the provisions of this 2. In the case of damage, the person entitled to delivery must complain to the carrier forthwith after the discovery of Convention. the damage, and, at the latest, within seven days from the 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to provisions date of receipt in the case of baggage and fourteen days governing loss or damage resulting from the inherent from the date of receipt in the case of cargo. In the case of defect, quality or vice of the cargo carried. delay the complaint must be made at the latest within

7 1.1 Section One 8 5 ______the carr P of theplaintiff 1. document ofcarr 3. cargo ha tw l b shall lieagainstthecarr 4. dispatched withinthetimesaf is notbroughtwithin2(tw 1. of thecour 2. place ofdestination. C f par has beenmade of arr aircr be deter 2. carr 1. contr out inthis passengers in thethirdpar successiv perf contr e dent orthedela carr ger orhisrepresentativ 2. f or damagesliesinaccordancewiththeter or thewholejour xpress ag usiness ar The UnitedStates’ on enty-one da t. ties or iage stopped. ier whoperf v aft oughttoha An actionf Ev F The r Questions ofprocedureshallbego In thecaseofdeathpersonliab The methodofcalculatingtheper In thecaseofcarr In thecaseoftr acting par act dealswiththatpar ention againstthoselegallyrepresentinghisestate iv ailing complaintwithinthetimesaf med underhissuper , eitherbef al atthedestination,orfromdateonwhich er ier isordinar mined b v , orhasanestab y complaintm e carr ight todamagesshallbee e beenplacedathisdisposal. Essential DocumentsonInternationalAirCarrierLiability t seisedofthecase reement, thefirstcarr C , baggageorcargoissubjecttother on , intheterr ag ys fromthedateonwhichbaggageor ties tothecontr or damagesm , orbef v iers andf or y thela ention, andisdeemedtobeoneofthe r y occurred,sa aph ofAr ne med thecarr ore thecour iage orb v te e arr anspor y ily residentorhashispr xt ofthisAr . ore thecour Ar e cantak ier w ofthecour itor ust bemadeinwr Ar Ar Ar iv iage tobeperf alling withinthedefinitionsetout o) y ed, orfromthedateonwhich , sa tic ticle 1,eachcarr tic tic tic tation ofthisnature vision. lishment b y ofonetheHighContr y separ le 2 le 29 le 27 le 30 ears v oresaid. ust bebrought,attheoption t ofthecarr act ofcarr ticle isatSection5.4. . e inthecaseoffr iage dur t ha v 8 e inthecasewhere e actiononlyagainstthe ier hasassumedliability , rec 5 t ha ving jur xtinguished ifanaction ate noticeinwr t seisedofthecase y whichthecontr ving jur iod oflimitationshall k oned fromthedate ing whichtheacci iage insof or v oresaid, noaction er med b ier whoaccepts isdiction where ned b incipal placeof iting uponthe iage whichis isiction atthe , thepassen le ms ofthis , anaction aud onhis y v y thela ar asthe [PN] ules set ar acting iting ious , b act . . w y - - of thisCon making regulationswhichdonot conflictwiththepro refusing toenterintoan in thisCon to inthefirstpar r clauses areallo v or b this person. pro whether apersonliab consignee and se will ha air andpar 1. which thepar ag damage perf fur and thepassengerorconsigneewhoisentitledtodeliv consignor willha 3. pro Ar are obser of this carr ment ofaircarr the caseofcombinedcarr 2. ation istotak oid. ticle reements enteredintobef ther visions hasar vided thatthecarr or iage y alter C Except aspro Nothing inthisCon In thecaseofcombinedcarr An As regardsbaggageorcargo Nothing inthis on med thecarr Ne Pr , eachma v v 1. C y clausecontainedinthecontr er e ar , ordela , pro v v on o ention, whetherb v ally liab er visions RelatingtoCombinedCarria . ing ther ed asregardsthecarr tly b v v v theless f ention. ention shallapplyonlytothecarr ention shallpre vided thatthepro ties pur General andFinalPr ight ofactionagainstthelastcarr e placewithinoneofthejur y an w iage conditionsrelatingtoothermodesof ag y tookplace v ed, subjecttothis le tothepassengerorconsignor e ar y tak vided inpar ules astojur iage dur r y othermodeofcarr aph ofAr C ight ofrecourseagainstan or thecarr por on le f ight ofactionagainstthefirstcarr iage b CHAPTER IV CHAPTER Ar e actionagainstthecarr v v Ar Ar Ar t toinfr ention shallprejudicethequestion ention shallpre or damageinaccordancewithits tic y contr y decidingthela iage frominser tic tic tic ing whichthedestr le 30A y airf . ticle ore thedamageoccurredb le 33 le 31 le 32 v ag These carr ent thecarr inge ther visions ofthis isdiction, shallben r iage ofcargoarbitr aph 3ofAr iage b 28. iage perf act ofcarr V alls withintheter C o on visions , thepassengeror iage y air v act andallspecial v ention, ifthearbit isdictions ref iers willbejointly ules laiddo ent thepar ting inthedocu or w tobeapplied, ier eitherfrom , thepro . ticle 5,nothing med par iage orfrom uction, loss iage b C on g ier who ier y other e v visions visions ull and ention ties in wn b ms of , and tly b erred y air ation er ier y y y y - - , , , Section One 1.1 9 carrier Agreements carrier - y In es . , or itor med ticles ations ention ention aph 1, v or ut also r ty shall v v ates unciation ar ag on on C C y under its ticles XIV to ord terr e relating to e relating Main Instruments and Inter and Instruments Main . itor ention, Ar y air perf e to themselv v acting P v ulated in the pages le 2 y of a State b , protector . ticle 40, par tic usiness ty shall mean State iage b ys atification or of adher itor 6 . w Con ention the w y circumstances outside ar tates had filed reser s b ticle 2 of this v ity otocol . [PN] S e and whose den y other terr e 4 are tab ties reser ier’ arsa . le 35 le 34 ar 5.2. king da W le 40A oreign relations of which that when used in this ectiv ectiv y an tic tic or acting P aordinar tic ticles 3 to 8 inclusiv ticles 3 to aph 2 and Ar aph of Ar ys” Ar Ar erence to Ar r atification of or adherence to the r xtr , its colonies national carr Ar , or author ditional Pr ag ag “da , or b acting P xpression High Contr or the f , not w . iage shall not apply in the case of not apply in the iage shall tate Ad le The Hague Protocol, and Ar ainty S ies ys er ies f poses of the Con With Ref med in e itor , the e itor or visions of Ar visions of See list at Section .) , suz xpression y the w 2. ticle 37, par ticles 36-41 of the mal scope of an air carr mal scope of an air ollo ticle or the pur ention has become eff In Ar xpression High Contr ight to declare at the time of r The e F The High Contr The pro (Ar v iage perf ereignty v that f As at 31 December 1998, nine (9) to Ar XXV of Montreal Protocol No XVIII to XXVII of 1. the e all other cases means current da mandated terr 2. mean a State whose r Con thereof has not become eff directly b so the r all other terr the nor means not only the metropolitan terr ______6 l ence that the first par shall not apply to inter State is responsib documents of carr documents carr