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Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices

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Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices Prepared by the IUCN WCPA Ecological Restoration Taskforce Karen Keenleyside, Nigel Dudley, Stephanie Cairns, Carol Hall and Sue Stolton, Editors Peter Valentine, Series Editor Developing capacity for a protected planet Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No.18 IUCN WCPA’s BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, non- governmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES IUCN defines a protected area as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The definition is expanded by six management categories (one with a sub-division), summarized below. Ia Strict nature reserve: Strictly protected for biodiversity and also possibly geological/ geomorphological features, where human visitation, use and impacts are controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values Ib Wilderness area: Usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant human habitation, protected and managed to preserve their natural condition II National park: Large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities III Natural monument or feature: Areas set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, or a living feature such as an ancient grove IV Habitat/species management area: Areas to protect particular species or habitats, where management reflects this priority. Many will need regular, active interventions to meet the needs of particular species or habitats, but this is not a requirement of the category V Protected landscape or seascape: Where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced a distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values VI Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources: Areas which conserve ecosystems, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. Generally large, mainly in a natural condition, with a proportion under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial natural resource use compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims The category should be based around the primary management objective(s), which should apply to at least three-quarters of the protected area – the 75 per cent rule. The management categories are applied with a typology of governance types – a description of who holds authority and responsibility for the protected area. IUCN defines four governance types. Governance by government: Federal or national ministry/agency in charge; sub-national ministry/agency in charge; government-delegated management (e.g. to NGO) Shared governance: Collaborative management (various degrees of influence); joint management (pluralist management board; transboundary management (various levels across international borders) Private governance: By individual owner; by non-profit organisations (NGOs, universities, cooperatives); by for-profit organsations (individuals or corporate) Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities: Indigenous peoples’ conserved areas and territories; community conserved areas – declared and run by local communities For more information on the IUCN definition, categories and governance type see the 2008 Guidelines for applying protected area management categories which can be downloaded at: www.iucn.org/pa_categories Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices Prepared by the IUCN WCPA Ecological Restoration Taskforce IUCN (International Union for Protected Planet Conservation of Nature) Protected Planet is a partnership between IUCN, IUCN-WCPA IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most and UNEP-WCMC that envisages a world that recognizes the pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN value of protected areas and is empowered to take positive works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human action to maintain and improve their integrity in the face of livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting global change. The partnership includes the development of scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, a global platform for the acquisition, analysis, exchange and and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies communication of data and knowledge on the status and together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN trends of protected areas that engages the full spectrum of is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental stakeholders, and is instrumental in the achievement of the organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO Millennium Development Goals, the CBD Strategic Plan for members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 Biodiversity, informed decision-making and enhanced action. countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 The Protected Planet report, IUCN WCPA’s Best Practice offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private Guidelines and PARKS journal are all part of empowering sectors around the world. this action. www.iucn.org www.protectedplanet.net IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) Convention on Biological Diversity IUCN WCPA is the world’s premier network of protected The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which entered area expertise. It is administered by IUCN’s Programme on into force in December 1993, is an international treaty for Protected Areas and has over 1,400 members, spanning the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of the 140 countries. IUCN WCPA works by helping governments components of biodiversity and the equitable sharing of the and others plan protected areas and integrate them into all benefits derived from the use of genetic resources. With sectors; by providing strategic advice to policy makers; by 193 Parties, the Convention has near universal participation strengthening capacity and investment in protected areas; among countries. The Convention seeks to address all threats and by convening the diverse constituency of protected area to biodiversity and ecosystem services through scientific stakeholders to address challenging issues. For more than 50 assessments, the development of tools, incentives and years, IUCN and WCPA have been at the forefront of global processes, the transfer of technologies and good practices, action on protected areas. and the full and active involvement of relevant stakeholders www.iucn.org/wcpa including indigenous and local communities, youth, NGOs, women and the business community. The tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, held in 2010, adopted a revised and updated Strategic Plan for Biodiversity for 2011- 2020, comprising five strategic goals and 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Plan is the overarching framework on biodiversity, not only for the biodiversity-related conventions, but for the entire United Nations system. www.cbd.int ii iii Parks Canada Agency Equilibrium Research The Parks Canada Agency protects and presents nationally Equilibrium Research promotes positive environmental and significant examples of Canada’s natural and cultural social change by linking targeted research to field application. heritage, and fosters public understanding, appreciation Sue Stolton and Nigel Dudley established Equilibrium in 1991. and enjoyment in ways that ensure the ecological and Equilibrium work with groups ranging from local communities commemorative integrity of these places for present and to United Nations agencies. Major issues include protected future generations. National parks, national historic sites and areas and broadscale approaches to conservation. Equilibrium national marine conservation areas, of which Parks Canada offers a consultancy service and also runs its own portfolio is the proud steward, offer to Canadians and international of projects.
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