19736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MRS. STEVE TULLER, HERNDON, VA., The pretty brown-haired Coast Guard Wife editorial-Dr. von Braun is an outstand­ MILITARY WIFE OF THE YEAR of the Year held a spray of red roses as head­ ing scientist and a great American. He table guests gave her congratulatory hugs. And in the excitement, the weight of the was captain of the successful space team HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. huge trophy almost threw its giver, Alfred J. that put 10 men on the moon-our Stokely, president of Stokely-Van Ca.mp, to American space pioneers. OF vmGINIA the floor at the podium. Dr. von Braun appeared before my IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TROPHY RESCUED Subcommittee on Appropriations many Monday, June 5, 1972 But Stokely and the trophy were rescued times as an ofiicial of NASA and I recall Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ by Mrs. Tuner's husband, a husky 6-footer that at the inception of the space pro­ who is stationed at the Naval School of gram I asked him if he were confident dent, I am pleased to report to Congr.ess Health Ca.re Administration at Bethesda, and that a man could be placed on the and the American public on the selection shares in his wife's dedicated efforts to help moon and returned safely to earth. He of the Military Wife of the Year, Mrs. troubled teen-agers. replied with confidence that he was cer­ Steve Tuller of Herndon, Va. In the final competition interview with tain that this could be done, precisely We are all aware of the many thou­ emcee Art Linkletter, it was obv ous that the and safely. sands of military wives who devote un­ veteran showman was touched by Mrs. Tul­ t0ld energies to civic and humanitarian ler's accomplishments, as he himself has been Again, 5 years later, just prior to the in the forefront of fighting the drug prob­ first landing on the moon, I again pro­ programs while at the same time main­ lem as the result of personal family tragedy. pounded this question to Dr. von Braun. taining their homes and keeping the let­ Though childless, the Tullers have be­ He again replied that he was still con­ ters flowing to their husbands. They con­ friended many children whose fathers were fident of the success of the mission­ tribute much to maintaining the excel­ serving in Vietnam or who were abandoned "well, yes," he said, "if the money holds lent morale of our Armed Forces, and by parents who couldn't cope with the drug out." all Americans owe them a great debt. problem. The annual award to the Military Wife "The drug abuse problem and learning dis­ Funds to finance the moon missions ability, are often related," Mrs. Tuller told were appropriated and-as we all know­ of the Year was conceived by Art Link­ Linkletter. "But for this type commitment the program has been successful. letter and Wilson Harrell, president of you have to be available. That's why we live America was behind in space when Dr. Harrell International, Inc., and spon­ right in the center of a school district." von Braun entered the space program sored by Alfred J. Stokely, president of In introducing Mrs. Tuller, Linkletter also at NASA-under his scientific guidance Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. The program, revealed she is a licensed pilot and Powder­ originally designed to bring entertain­ puff Derby contestant as well as Civil Air America moved ahead in the space pro­ Patrol volunteer, bathing suit designer, pho­ gram and excelled Russia during the ment to the wives and dependents of first decade of space exploration. active-duty military personnel, was ex­ tographer and ham radio operator. In congratulating her, he said, "I'm glad The first phase is ending and we are panded to focus attention on the re~ark­ you have 16 airplanes to fly because you'll now embarking on the second phase. As able work military wives are domg to be going off in all directions" to visit mili­ Dr. von Braun leaves NASA he deserves better community relations between the tary installations all over the United States the plaudits, congratulations and ap­ military and civilian population. in the new role. preciation of the American people for a All women's clubs whose memberships FIVE FINALISTS job well done. His cherished boyhood are wives of active-duty Armed Forces Mrs. Tuller succeeds Mrs. Jeannette M. dream of a voyage to the moon came personnel throughout the world are in­ Squires, wife of Navy Personnelman l/C true-and he made it come true. America vited to submit nominations. Through a James M. Squires, who won the title last selection process, the field is then nar­ year. owes him a debt of gratitude. rowed to five--one representative of each Mrs. Tuller was one of five finalists from I commend him and wish him well as of the five major military branches of the five Inilitary services, each of whom was he enters private industry-Dr. von given a "Mili" award. Braun is one of the great space pioneers the service. They were chosen from thousands of en­ of this century and of history. The final judging is done by a panel trants in the contest annually sponsored as The editorial follows: of distinguished women at a formal din­ a. public service by Stokely-Van Camp in co­ ner in Washington, D.C. operation with the Defense Department, and FOR PROGRESS lN SPACE-AMERICA INDEBTED TO On the evening of May 16, 1972, the produced by Harrell International, a world­ DR. VON BRAUN wide Inilitary marketing company. Because there was-and is-a Dr. Wernher panel of judges selected Mrs. Tuller as von Braun among those in the United States, the Military Wife of the Year 1972. Guests included Secretary of Labor James D. Hodgson, whose wife was one of the judges who dreamed and worked and built in the The Washington Star of May 17 con­ selected by the General Federation of Wom­ pattern of space science, fellow-American tains an interesting account of the award an's Clubs. Other judges were Mrs. William a.ssociates on the NASA team has walked on ceremony, including a report of ~rs. D. Ruckelshaus, Mrs. Elizabeth Carpenter, the moon. It is a commonly acknowledged Tuner's many activities and accomplish­ Mrs. Edward L. R. Elson and Mrs. Gwendolyn fact; for in the several capacities he has ments. Cafritz. served, as in the decade of his directorship of the Marshall Space Flight Center at Hunts­ I ask unanimous consent that the re­ ville, his vision and energy, his knowledge port be printed in the Extensions of in that area of science, were notable factors Remarks. FOR PROGRESS IN SPACE-AMERI­ in the over-all accomplishment. There being no objection, the report CA INDEBTED TO DR. VON BRAUN In the Huntsville assignment he headed was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the team that developed the world's most as follows: HON. JOE L. EVINS powerful rocket, the Saturn V, which pro­ AREA WOMAN NAMED MILITARY WIFE OF THE pelled Apollo's lunar missions. YEAR OF TENNESSEE Now Dr. Von Braun has retired from NASA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to enter private industry, but with the com­ (By Ruth Dean) forting knowledge that the agency's future An area Coast Guard wife who takes re­ Monday, June 5, 1972 is reasonably assured. It is particularly grati­ tarded children and teen-agers fighting drug fying that his new connection ls related to problems into her home was named Military Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, the aerospace field. Wife of the Year last night. the Nashville Banner in a recent edi­ America was fortunate that this German­ Mrs. Dorothy Ann Tuller, wife of Chief torial praised and applauded the great born rocket expert elected to come to this Warrant Officer Steve Tuller, was so over­ work of Dr. Wernher von Braun as a country after the war-that by his very whelmed when Deputy Secretary of Defense leader in space exploration by the United nature he preferred a nation and climate of Kenneth Rush announced her name, she States on the occasion of Dr. von Braun's freedom, and that his capabilities have been had to fight back tea.rs. used not only to advance the science of And the standing ovation and cheers she retirement from the National Aero­ rocketry for space exploration-inter-plane­ got from a Shoreham Hotel banquet audi­ nautics and Space Administration to tary travel-but for peace and security. ence of Pentagon brass and members of enter private industry. Not always, but sometimes, there is greater Congress revealed that she was their choice Certainly I wholeheartedly concur in appreciation of and for America. on the part long before the judges' decision concurred. the sentiments expressed in the Banner of some newly-privileged to be a part of it June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19737

than felt by some who have known the priv­ THE EDSEL OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY constantly be rushing out of these tunnels ilege for a lifetime. at 30 m.p.h., bubbling up through the pencil Almost a score of years ago, Dr. Von Braun Clean coal technology is not our only bundles to keep them at the proper operat­ received his citizenship. In connection with alternative to nuclear fission. ing temperature of 600° F. Without this the naturalization ceremony he spoke words We can produce electricity from geo­ water the uranium would quickly heat up that warrant engraving on the nation's thermal hot water, from windmills pull­ to more than 5000 °--enough to trigger the heart: ing their energy out of the sky and con­ China Syndrome. "I am proud to be a citizen of the United verting it to hydrogen, from methane Could the plant ever lose its crucial cool­ States of America. I must say that we all produced on algae-farms, from sea-ther­ ing water? It's hard to imagine. The pipes became Americans in our hearts long ago. I mal gradients, and from direct sunlight. are stainless steel 2 ¥2 inches thick. During have never regretted the decision to come to construction, the Atomic Energy Commis­ this country. As time goes by, I can see even Every available alternative is intrinsi­ sion (AEC) demands that every square inch more clearly that it was a moral decision we cally more attractive than nuclear fission. of this steel be X-rayed or ultrasonically made that day at Peenemunde. Somehow we Fission may just be the Edsel of the tested for flaws. Once the system starts up, sensed that the secret of rocketry should get energy industry. about 100 pressure, temperature and radia­ only into the hands of people who read the ARTICLE PLACED IN THE RECORD tion sensors will continuously monitor it-­ Bible." His words were like apples of gold in ready, at the first hint of a leak, to "scram" pictures of silver. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ the reactor by snapping control rods into the The United States of America reciprocates sent that the article entitled "Just How fuel core and immediately stopping the the affection and faith he expressed. In or Safe Is a Nuclear Power Plant?" be fission. out of NASA, he still is on the working end of printed at this point in the RECORD. What if a pump conks out? A backup science in the national interest and human­ There being no objection, the article emergency pump would automatically trip ity's. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD on; if this one failed, a second one would go on. What if the whole plant lost its as follows: power supply? Again, there's a first-backup NUCLEAR SAFETY IS QUESTIONED [From the Readers' Digest, June 1972] and then a second-backup diesel generator. IN READER'S DIGEST JUST How SAFE Is A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT? And if both of these failed, the reactor (By James Nathan Mlller) would automatically "scram" itself. Could an external disaster knock out the (The nation is at the point of committing water supply? Not likely. The steel girders HON. MIKE GRAVEL itself to the atom. But some people--sci­ supporting the system are designed to tak~ OF ALASKA entists included-are having deep second five times the force of the worst earthquake IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES thoughts.) envisioned for this region, and the big dome In recent months, a debate most of us had Monday, June 5, 1972 of the container is designed to withstand a considered settled has been revived: How tornado. Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, thanks safe are nuclear power plants? What if, despite all this, a pipe burst? to the June 1972 issue of the Reader's For the last decade, concerned-citizen Then a completely independent emergency­ groups have been loudly bemoaning the cooling system-including four tanks filled Digest, a very large group of voters may building of such plants, arguing that we are have learned that they are guinea pigs with 25,000 gallons of water, pressurized by setting ourselves up for some kind of holo­ gas-would snap into operation. in a morally grotesque nuclear-power ex­ caust. But much of this protest has come Two basic engineering principles are in­ periment which is permitted by Con­ from people who tend to swoon at the mere volved here: self-duplicasting "redundancy" gress. mention of the word "atomic," and the bulk backed by super-cautious "conservative de­ An article entitled "Just How Safe Is of scientific testimony has held that the sign." "In no other engineering activity has a Nuclear Power Plant?" explains one plants are safe. As a result, 23 "nukes" are overall safety been considered in such de­ important reason why Congress will have now in operation, with another hundred tail," says Norman C. Rasmussen, professor to consider a moratorium on the opera­ scheduled for the next decade. By the end of nuclear engineering at Massachusetts In­ of the century, about 1000 huge atomic plants stitute of Technology. tion of nuclear powerplants. There are will be scattered around the country, gener­ But couldn't human error cause a failure several additional reasons which are ating half our electricity. of the safety systems? Here each side looks necessarily omitted from such a br.tef In other words, we are on the verge of an at the same set of facts and draiws the oppo­ article. all-but-irrevocable commitment to nuclear site conclusions. The AEC and the atomic The author, who is one of the Digest's power. Yet now a group of respected scien­ industry cite their past safety record: only own roving editors, urges the public to tists claims to have discovered a basic flaw seven fatal reactor accidents in three dec­ insist on nuclear safety before more nu­ in the plants' safety design-a flaw that ades. All were inside reactor buildings; out­ "might well expose tens or hundreds of thou­ side, not an injury has been recorded. clear powerplants are built and licensed. sands of people to lethal doses of radioac­ The other side says that no one knows He refers to the nuclear power morato­ tivity." Their claims focus largely on the whether long-term harm has been caused by rium bill, S. 3223, which I introduced on possibllity of a weird occurrence known as radiation leakage to the outside; and that February 23, 1972. the China Syndrome, a sequence of events even the inside-the-plant figures mask the ANOTHER SENATOR MOVES FOR A MORATORIUM that reads like a science-fiction nightmare. truth. If you look behind the conservative de­ Four basic questions are involved: sign requirements and impressive safety sta­ I am pleased to learn from friends in What are the chances of any one nuclear tistics, they say, you'll find lax enforcement Pennsylvania that I am no longer the plant having a serious accident? by the AEC, sloppy operating practices by the only Member of the Senate who favors a Extremely remote--if any safety rules are industry-and some very close calls. For moratorium. On April 12, 1972, Senator observed. To see how remote, I recently vis­ example: SCHWEIKER wrote to a concerned group ited the Consolidated Edison Company's 965- Two years ago a worker in a nuclear plant in Tunkhannock, Pa., as follows: million-watt Indian Point No. 3 plant, under being built near Norfolk, Va., complained to I have recently called for a moratorium construction 24 miles north of New York his bosses that joints in critical pipes were on the operation of nuclear power plants un­ City. The key spot is the 250-foot-high, as­ being improperly welded. The man was fired, til the underlying questions concerning pos­ trodome-like "containinent structure"-a but he kept writing to Congress and the AEC. sible radiation effects and environmental steel-jacketed security blanket of concrete, The resulting investigations uncovered 94 de­ pollution are satisfactorily answered. 4¥2 feet thick and entered only by double fective welds, plus the violation of a long list steel doors-that shields the outside world of AEC quality-control rules: crucial radio­ As I noted in my Senate remarks on from the four-story-high steel "egg" that graphic inspections were being performed by May 24-page 18815-I expect many sits in the astrodome's center. plant workers instead of trained inspectors; other Senators to move into the mora­ The egg is the reactor vessel, the plant's the steel reinforcement of the containment furnace. When loaded with radioactive fuel dome was being improperly installed; cable torium position soon. it will be deadly, but now you can climb wires from "redundant" systems were not No one has to choose between nuclear down a ladder into its 14-foot-wide interior kept separate but were bunched together-so electricity or blackouts. where eventually the uranium will heat the a fire in one could knock them all out. Energy experts agree that our abun­ water that spins the turbines. As you de­ Critics say the fa.ct that the AEC did not dant coal can be converted into a clean scend, you are confronted by eight great catch such serious violations until an em­ and desirable fuel with a minimum of tunnel mouths in the stainless-steel, circular ployee complained reveals dangerously lax time, effort, and expense. Even General wall surrounding you. inspection procedures.• Often it has taken an Electric and Westinghouse, who are the These tunnels--each big enough for a man actual accident to reveal problems. two biggest manufacturers of nuclear to crawl into--are the pipes of the fuel coolant system. When the uranium is loaded •As this article goes to press, the AEC has power systems, have joined the business into the egg-140 tons of little pellets, pa.eked begun investigating a similar complaint--this of gasifying coal. Congress will have to into 12-foot-long metal tubes which are time by the president of a construction firm­ require, however, satisfactory restoration bundled together like thousands of pencils-­ of defective reactor installation on Con of strip mined land. the system's 100,000 gallons of water will Ed's Indian Point site. 19738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 On June 5, 1970, a defective voltage meter cannot be contained underground. Some mental cause of what they consider the in Commonwealth Edison 's Dresden No. 2 percentage will be carried off in the ground­ AEC's over-optimism on safety. They suggest plant near Chicago sen t out an incorrect water supply, and some will rise through fis­ taking the regulatory function away from signal. This led to a two-hour sequence of sures to the surface, there to be spread by the AEC and giving it to people whose pro­ human and mechanical errors that, says the wind. fessional reputations do not depend on prov­ M.I.T. nuclear physicist Henry Kendall, re­ What happens then depends on unpre­ ing the validity of past assurances. vealed "irresponsibility, incompetence, poor dictables. If the fuel is new it's relatively Where to store the poisons? Used nuclear design, inadequate maintenance and defec­ harmless; if it has been burning for a year fuel remains radioactive for hundreds of tive operating procedures." Safety valves it has built up the radioactive equivalent of thousands of years, and present plans call remained open when they should have one Hiroshima-size bomb for each million for storing it all in a Kansas salt mine. Critics closed; instrument cables buckled because watts of electricity it has produced. Thus, if say this represents the worst long-range of crowding in their ducts; a water-level the accident happened just after a plant had threat of all: first, the growing danger of recorder stuck and gave a false reading until been refueled with new pellets, and if the rail and highway accidents as more and more someone hit it; faulty instructions in the weather conditions were right, even the re­ thousands of poisonous canisters converge operating manual were compounded by "in­ actor's next-door neighbors might escape un­ on Kansas each year; second, the danger of correct operator action"; and so on. scathed. And the other extreme? a leak from the cave a.s thousands of tons of As the operators fought to keep control of The UCS, basing its estimates on AEC the stuff accumulate. their reactor, they twice violated their own figures, says that if 20 percent of the radio­ What do we do right now? Should we go operating rules; at one point they put ten active gas from a 650-million-watt plant ahead with the present nukes ... or require times as much pressure on a crucial venting were to escape and be wafted away by a them to be built underground . . . or ban system as it had been designed for. 6.5-m.p.h. wind, it could form a cloud that them near big cities ... or ban them alto­ "For a period of minutes they actually would have lethal effects over an area two gether? lost control of the reactor's cooling water," miles wide and 75 miles long. How many peo­ The utilities claim that even a temporary says Professor Kendall, a member of the ple might die? Conceivably hundreds of delay could be disastrous. They would have Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). thousands if the disaster hit one of the to give up years of planning and switch to Before they regained control, some of this many reactors being built near big cities. entirely new programs at a time when we are water-and with it a dose of radioactivity­ Proponents of nuclear power say it is the already short of electricity. Also, atomic fuel escaped into the containment structure. easiest thing in the world to predict such a is clean, whereas oil and coal foul the air Though three months were required to re­ disaster, and the hardest to prove that it and promote the devastation by strip-mining pair the damage, Commonwealth Edison won't happen. They also point out the two of hundreds of square miles annually. The says: "We did not even consider the shut­ very big "ifs" that stand between the pub­ environmentalists fighting hardest to stop air down to be an accident." Instead the com­ lic and disaster: if the primary coolant is pollution and strip mining, says the indus­ pany calls it an "incident" and points out lost despite all the elaborate safeguards· try, are the very ones fighting hardest to that the plant's system of multiple safe­ and if the emergency water supply the~ ban the atom. Is there any source of power guards did, in fact, work: no radiation fails too. that will satisfy these people? escaped the confines of the plant. How sure are we, then, that a reactor's Until recently, this crucial nuclear debate What are the chances of an "incident" emergency cooling systems will work? This has been carried on by a relatively small escalating to an "accident"? The pro-nu­ depends on how much faith one puts in number of specialists. Now it's high time to clears say the industry's past safety record computer predictions. No emergency system let the country as a whole get in on the proves the effectiveness of the "defense in has ever been tested in actual operation. But action. For the country as a whole will have depth" concept. The antis say that the in­ the AEC and the industry say they have run to live for years with the profoundly impor­ dustry is still in its infancy; soon, with so many tests on the individual parts work­ tant results. ing separately that they can put it all to­ hundreds of big plants all over the country, IS IT "HARD TO IMAGINE"? our luck will inevitably run out somewhere. gether in computer codes--and the com­ In the words of nuclear physicist Ralph puters tell them the systems will work. Mr.GRAVEL. Mr. Miller's article raises Lapp, former assistant director of the Ar­ The other side says it's extremely irrespon­ several technical questions which deserve gonne National Laboratory, "It appears a sible to base decisions affecting so many lives further elaboration: certainty we will have a serious nuclear acci­ on untested computer codes. They cite re­ First, is it so "hard to imagine" how a dent before the year 2000." cently revealed documents showing that even top AEC scientists have grave doubts about loss-of-coolant accident could actually If all the safeguards did go wrong, what's happen? the worst that could happen? There could the codes' accuracy. They also point out that, never be an atomic explosion; the reactor's in one of the most important tests to date Second, is the present emergency core uranium pellets are not rich enough, nor are the AEC's computer was proved wrong: ' cooling system adequate to cope with all there enough of them, to go bang. But the Last year, researchers purposely broke a of the possible cooling emergencies? With heat and poisonous radiation they give off pipe in an experimental mOdel of a reactor, just some of them? Or with none of are enormous. And here we come to the causing the egg to lose its cooling water. Ac­ them? China Syndrome, the so-called "maximum cording to the computer, the emergency wa­ Third, is it really possible for cata­ credible accident." ter was then supposed to flood into the egg. First, assume there is a defective weld in Instead, this water too was blown out the strophic quantities of radioactivity to es­ a cooling-system pipe, and that a series of break, leaving the fuel rOds with nothing to cape from the building? operating errors subjects it to abnormal cool them. If the same thing had happened These are matters on which I intend pressure. The pipe splits open. Instantane­ in a real reactor, it would have triggered the to make additional statements. ously, from a dozen different sensors, the China Syndrome. The real controversy lies not in tech­ order flashes out: Scram. The reactor shuts That, then, is the nuclear safety con­ troversy. Certainly it should be resolved be­ nical matters, however, but in ethics. itself off. What kinds of gambles are proper, and But while the fission thus comes to an fore we rush into a national commitment to immediate stop, the heat in the rods cannot nuclear electricity that may haunt us for what kinds are morally rotten? be quickly cut off. As the coolant water generations. Sen. Mike Gravel (D., Alaska) loses pressure, it turns to steam which-in has submitted a bill that would stop the li­ about ten seconds of incredible noise and censing of more nukes until Congress can violence-spews out the pipe break into the hold hearings to consider such questions as CORRECTING FALLACIES OF MIS­ containment structure. Now the emergency these: LEADING MEDICAL CARE STATIS­ water supply is supposed to flood in and Are there practical alternatives to fossil TICS quench the reactor's heat. But suppose (as fuels and nuclear fission as power sources? we shall see, a not untenable assumption) Anti-atom people list several that are now the water can't get inside the egg. Then, with merely farout ideas-fusion power, solar en­ HON. DURWARD G. HALL nothing to cool it, the uranium starts heat­ ergy, chemically fueled power cells, etc. But ing up at the amazing rate of about 40 de­ some leading scientists say that a major na­ OF MISSOURI grees a second. In a matter of minutes it tional effort could make at least one of them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES practical by the 1980s. The AEC and the hits 5000°, melts the great metal egg-and Monday, June 5, 1972 200 tons of molten steel and uranium drip industry agree that fusion power (virtually to the floor of the containment structure. radiation-free) wlll probably be harnessed­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, statistics are So massive and hot is this molten glob in 40 to 50 years. Meanwhile, they say, they often used as a vehicle for misleading the that no existing structure can contain it. have to keep splitting atoms. populace of this cowitry in order to es­ Thus it melts through the container floor Should the AEC control the nuclear power industry? When established in 1947, the AEC tablish a persuasive argument for a cer­ and proceeds straight into the earth-hence, tain cause and position. In an effort to the China Syndrome. It will never get any­ was given two basic assignments: to pro­ where near China (it will probably stop in a mote atomic development, and to regulate clarify the present state of our "medical month or so a few hundred feet down). But the industry this would help create. Critics care" system in this Nation, in the mass once the simmering mass has escaped from insist that the two assignments are mutually of confusing statistics, Dr. Jack the concrete structure its poisonous fumes contradictory, and they see this as the funda- Schreiber, M.D., of Canfield, Ohio, has June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19739 written an article appearing in a recent We have better results in preventing death B. Not all health costs are medical issue of the periodical "Private Prac­ from pneumonia that half the countries that Physicians' fees should be separated from supposedly outrank us in infant mortality. the rest of the medical care package. Hospital tice"-separating fact from fiction. It is {Our death rates from pneumonia in 1967 my hope that I will bring Dr. Schreiber's costs, for example, have risen rapidly in the were 28 per 1000, compared to 51 per 1000 last decade, chiefly because of the adjust­ effort to the attention of many by insert­ in Sweden and 66 per 1000 in England). The ment of wages of underpaid employees. Fig­ ing his article in the RECORD. Dr. United States shows the lowest mortality ures for 1968-69 show that hospital care ac­ Schreiber's article is as follows: figure in the world from bronchitis. Our ul­ counts for 56 percent of the total health bills THE '"CRISIS": SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION cer mortality figures were just one half under public programs, compared to only 13 (By Jack Schreiber, M.D.) that of the Socialist countries of the western percent for physicians' fees. world. Only Japan and Australia have con­ In all of the talk and anguish over rising I. THE FALLACY OF SELECTED STATISTICS sistently had better results in cancer mor­ costs, very few point out that the item most The present medical care system in the tality figures over the yea.rs. likely to bankrupt a family is not doctor bills, United States is being challenged by nu­ C. Good health-The real standard or even hospital bills, but taxes. In 1970, the merous individuals and groups who often use The Department of Health, Education and tax burden for every man, woman, and child misleading statistics to make their case. Welfare recently released figures showing in this country was $1,175 {$4,700 per year Let's take a close look at their allegations: American children, ages 6 through 11, are for a family of four). This is a far cry from A. Infant mortality taller and heavier on the average than any the $540 per family of four (on the average) 1. Invariably, infant mortality figures are other national population in the world. for all medical care; including the cost of quoted showing United States ranking 13th American children, according to this report, hospitalization insurance for the same time in the world, behind "progressive" countries have increased in height by one-half inch period, according to the Bureau of Labor such as Sweden, England, The Netherlands, each decade for the past 90 years and in­ Sta.tistics. West Germ.any, France, Finland, etc. The creased in weight by 15-30 percent. An aver­ Many persons angered by the high income source of this information is the United Na­ age 8-year-old American boy today, is al­ of doctors in the United States, hold the sim­ tions Demographic Yearbook-but the intro­ most 4.5 inches taller and 8-19 pounds plistic view that health care costs could be ductory chapter of the section on infant mor­ heavier than his counterpart of 90 years ago. held down by reducing physicians' incomes. tality states clearly that infant mortality American adults, too, are taller and heavier This would have only a minor effect. If the statistics of different countries should not be than they were 90 years ago. If health care income of the nation's physicians was cut by used for comparison. The Yearbook points here is the worst in the western world, as more than half, the national expenditure for out that there are different standards of critics claim, why are Americans fast be­ health care would be cut by a paltry eight­ measurement. In the United States, for ex­ coming the largest people on earth? tenths of one percent. ample, a baby is listed as a live birth if there If one insists on infant mortality com­ C. Spreading out the cost is any sign of life, such as a heart beat in the parisons, international comparisons are not Like a payment for the family car, the pay­ umbilical cord. Some countries do not record particularly useful; the relevant informa­ ment for illness can be spread out. The aver­ a live birth unless the child takes a breath. tion is whether the United States infant age American visits his doctor four times per Other countries do not list a live birth until mortality record ls improving or deteriorat­ year, and probably goes to a hospital four or the birth has been registered, sometimes ing. In 1940 the infant mortality rate in the five times in his lifetime. These are fairly weeks after birth. U.S. was 47 per 1000 live births; in 1950, it predictable costs and can be prepaid through In the United States; the responsibility of was 29.2; in 1960 it was 26; in 1969 it was the mechanism of health insurance. Almost reporting births and deaths is clearly as­ 20.7. In less than 30 years, the rate was cut 90 percent of all Americans have some form signed to the physician. In many countries in half. of health insurance, testifying to the fact of the world this is a responsibility of the II. THE FALLACY THAT MEDICAL CARE IS that the majority of us can afford to be pro­ parents or the clergy. With no uniform TOO EXPENSIVE tected, just as we protect our homes against method of measurement or reporting, com­ fl.re and our automobiles against damage. In paring infant mortality figures is like com­ A. Comparative costs the time period from 1956 to 1968, physicians' paring apples to potatoes. Those who would restructure the practice fees rose 3.7 percent. During that same time United States figures are often compared of medicine complain that medical care is period, general wages rose 4.2 percent. Just as to Sweden, with the "lowest" infant mor­ too expensive. most of us can afford entertainment, travel tality rate in the world, but (1) the United Medical care too expensive? Not when com­ and luxuries, we can afford good medical care, States has over 200 million people and Swe­ pared to the cost of transportation. Each particularly if it is budgeted. den has about 8 million; (2) the United year the average American spends almost States covers over 3.6 million square miles, twice as much on his automobile as he does D. Perspective Sweden covers 170,000 square miles--slightly on his body. In 1968 the average American Of course, medical care costs more today more than the state of California; (3) the spent almost 19 cents of every dollar for but a patient is in the hospital fewer days United States has an extremely heterogene­ food, while spending only 7 cents for medical because of the increased knowledge and skill ous population, while Sweden has a relatively care. Housing and household operation took of the medical profession. The average labor­ homogeneous population. The fact is, the 28.5 cents out of every spendable dollar. ing man today works fewer hours to pay for United States has a much more complex Last year, the American people spent al­ a higher grade of medical care than he did problem to deal with. To suggest that the most $10 billion on tobacco and $15.5 billion 10 years ago. U.S. adopt Sweden's health system is like on alcoholic beverages. Add to this the $33.5 The average drug prescription today is suggesting that New York City adopt the billion spent for recreation, and the question $3.62-and 80 percent of the drugs purchased same type of public transportation system of whether medical care is too expensive be­ today weren't even invented 10 years ago. as Billings, Montana, because traffic conges­ comes, rather, a question of priorities. Several dollars worth of antibiotic capsules tion in Billings is much less than in New The companion charge, heard all too often, today will cure lobar pneumonia, a disease York City. is: "You doctors make too much money." which killed nearly half of all those who con­ 2. Even if there were uniform methods to Too much, compared to whom? Certainly not tracted it 25 years ago. The cost of tuber­ measure these figures, infant mortality statis­ compared to some members of the construc­ culosis treatment 20 years ago was stagger­ tics are not a good index of the health care tion industry, who, according to columnist ing; today, patients can be treated at home delivery system. Infant mortality is a social Victor Riesel, will soon be earning $50,000 with drugs which cost a fraction of what ex­ problem. Such factors as poor housing, pov­ a year. Many people in construction and tended hospital care cost in 1950. erty, malnutrition, ignorance, and racial eth­ manufacturing, being paid time and a half E. Foolish spending nic differences are more closely related to in­ for overtime and double time for nights and Everyone has a stake in the cost of overall fant mortality than such factors as the Sundays, putting in a 70- or 80-hour week, as health care; the patient has just as much, or number of physicians and hospitals, or how many physicians do, could take home more perhaps even more responsibility in this mat­ medicine is practiced. money, after taxes, than many physicians ter, than does the physician. Last year, it was 3. There are better yardsticks than infant do. And this is to say nothing about educa­ estimated that the American people spent at mortality for measuring the status of health tion, fringe benefits, retirement plans, etc., least $2 billion for quackery. This is more in a given nation. In the United States, for which are not available to the private fee­ than all the money spent on health educa­ example, 70 percent of all deaths in 1969 were for-service practitioner. Do doctors make too tion. In this modern day, people still have a related to heart disease, strokes, and cancer. much compared to entertainers or profes­ penchant for the worthless and sometimes Only 2.2 percent of all deaths were classified sional athletes? We pay someone three or harmful, and the often expensive gadget, as infant mortality. four times as much to play baseball as we ranging from the copper bracelet to the rain­ B. Where the U.S. ranks high pay a family doctor. bow pills for dieting. Untold millions are In 1970 the Consumer Price Index indi­ spent on unnecessary frills which cost the According to the United Nations Yearbook, cated that physicians' fees rose 7.5 percent American pulblic far more than all the pre­ the United States has a lower mortality rate over the previous year, while all services scription drugs put together. from tuberculosis, still the world's leading rose 8.1 percent. This would indicate that Since every accident is potentially avoid­ killer among infectious diseases-than any doctors are not out of line when properly able, think of the enormous saving in the to­ nation except Denmark, the Netherlands, and compared with persons in other service pro­ tal cost of health care in this country if some­ Australia. fessions. how we could do away with the injuries suf- CXVIII--1244-Part 15 19740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 fered in 1969. In that year, 49 million people length of stay in a non-federal, short-term, has tended to rise sharply in periods fol­ were injured-20 million a.t home, 9 million general hospital was 8.3 days. In England lowing mayoral elections and to drop at work, 3.5 million on the highways, and 15 and Sweden the length of stay was 50 per­ dramatically during election campaigns. million in nonmoving motor vehicle accidents cent longer; in Germany it was 300 percent The article notes that-- (while repairing, cleaning or performing work longer. (One might also compare non­ on motor vehicles) . Of the 49 million injuries, federal, general hospitals with government Every polltica.1-science major knows that 11 million were bed disabling. The total cost hospitals in this country: In 1969 the 8.3 day city welfare budgets are notoriously sensi­ of accidents in 1969 was $25 billion. Of this average for private hospitals compared to tive to politics--perhaps nowhere more so nearly $3 billion was in medical fees and hos­ 38.8 days for VA hospitals). than in the city of New York, where welfare pital expenses. Every cent of this was pre­ Because people stay longer in hospital costs la.st year reached an astonishing $1.2 ventable. beds in Europe, and because there are fewer billion, up fourfold since incumbent Mayor What about the effects of alcohol? There hospitals per population, waiting lists also John V. Lindsay first took office six years ago. are 60 million users of alcohol in this country, are a. factor in the availability of hospital ca.re. Most Americans are able to get into a I am very much afraid that this is an including an estimated 10 million alcoholics. accurate analysis. It is additional evi­ This is part of the cost of medical care which hospital of their choice for elective surgery has been called too expensive. And this too, is in two to four weeks. In England the wait­ dence that our present welfare system preventable. What about the effects of drug ing period may stretch to a year. Professor is subject to great abuse, and additional abuse? Last year, more young people died in Russell Kirk reports that Britons have to reason why genuine reform-not expan­ this country from drug aJbuse than all the sol­ wait up to seven years for treatment of sion, but true reform-is sorely needed. · diers killed in Vietnam. This cost, plus the hernias or varicose veins. I ask unanimous consent that the cost to hundreds of thousands of youngsters C. Free choice analysis be printed in the Extensions of who are experimentin g with drugs, and who Critics of our present health care delivery Remarks. need rehabilitation and medical care, is al­ system usually fail to point out that if given There being no objection, the article most incalculable. a choice, citizens prefer to be cared for by was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, And finally, what about the average adult their own personal physicians. In Sweden, who overeats, doesn't get enough exercise, private doctors are forbidden to treat their as follows: smokes too much and doesn't get enough own pa,tients in hospitals. Consequently, of WELFARE AND POLITICS rest. How much does self-abuse add to the the 8,500 doctors in that country, only 1,200 Every political-science major knows that cost of medical care in terms of hyper­ are in private practice (one-fifth of them city welfare budgets are notoriously sensi­ tension, diabetes, lung cancer, strokes and over 70 years old). Only 30 percent of tive to politics-perhaps nowhere more so hardening of the arteries? It might be safe Swedish citizens are now treated by their than in the city of New York, where welfare to say that perhaps half of the total health own private physicians. A recent survey in costs last year reached an astonishing $1.2 care bill in this country is preventable. England revealed that fewer than 50 per­ blllion, up fourfold since incumbent Mayor m. THE AVAILABILITY Ol' MEDICAL CARE cent of NHS patients get to see the special­ John V. Lindsay first took office six years a.go. A. The doctor shortage ist of their choice--a.nd 42 percent a.re never Last week, in the course of disagreeing with even told the name of the specialist they Lindsay's proposed 1972- 73 budget and some Many, in and out of the medical profes­ do see. of its welfare proposals, a New York Times sion, state that there is a doctor shortage D. Prepayment plans editorial presented some fascinating figures in this country. While there may never be Many politicians advocate government on the way the city's welfare rolls rise and enough doctors in some areas in the United fall. In the first months after Lindsay's in­ States, this country has more doctors per pop­ support for prepaid, closed panel group practices. One of the selling points to the auguration in 1966, the editorial noted, new ulation than any major European nation­ welfare recipients were coming on the rolls at one for every 640 citizens. By comparison, medical profession is the potential 4-0-hour work week. Currently the average physician the rate of 2,700. But during the la.st six Prance has one physician for every 750 peo­ months of 1966 this figure rose to 11,500 a. ple and Great Britain has one for every 1150 in private practice works a 65-hour week (according to Medical Economics). The ques­ month and, by the beginning of 1968, to an citizens. It is true, however, that many phy­ incredible 17,700. Then when election time sicians have been drawn a.way from patient tion therefore is: Would the grouping of physicians in prepaid plans prototype make rolled a.round a.gain in 1969, the welfare rolls care by government inducements to research began to shrink almost magically. By just be­ and administrative work. A total of 28,105 medical ca.re more available, or would it create just the opposite result? Dr. Roger fore election day, the peak rate had been re­ doctors a.re in government service (enough duced by two-thirds, and only 6,300 were to supply three cities the size of Los Egeberg, in a. speech before the Ohio State Medical Association in 1970, stated that if coming on the rolls monthly. This enabled Angeles). all those physicians now working a. 60- to Lindsay to claim in his campaign for re­ The charge is frequently made that doc­ election that he had begun sharp reductions tors don't make house calls anymore. Ac­ 70-hour week were suddenly to limit th~ir practices to 4-0-hour weeks, the result would in the staggering cost of welfare. How long cording to a ,recent Medical Economics sur­ did this state of affairs continue? Not very vey, most physicians still make house calls, be an immediate reduction equivalent to the loss of 50,000 physicians. long. Six months after Lindsay had taken the but on a. limited basis, due chieft.y to the ob­ oath of office a. second time, welfare vious limitations of time, and the oppor­ IV. SUMMARY recipients were once again coming on the tunity to provide higher quality of ca.re in In summary, politicians and social plan­ rolls at the lively clip of 15,800 a month. one's "workshop," rather than at the bed­ ners have attempted to justify their de­ - La.st week, faced with City Council de­ side. Many laymen who stlll measure a. good mands for national health insurance by mands for stringent cuts in New York's new doctor by the number of house calls con­ claiming: (1) Medical ca.re ls inferior, (2) budget, Lindsay announced he could effect tinue to live in the nostalgia of a. day long Medical care is too expensive, and (3) Qual­ savings of at least $120 million annually, past when the physician had fewer patients ity medical care is not available. Ironically, ma.inly by keeping down the number of new to treat and could perform the same service government health programs a.broad, and welfare recipients and era.eking down on at the bedside as he did in an office with even within our shores, have historically in­ those who get welfare payments illegally. meager equipment. creased costs, lowered quality, and produced B. Health facilities a. relative shortage of personnel and fac111- ties. No government can deliver high-quality, But the doctor is only pa.rt of the total reasonably-priced medical care. Only physi­ medical ca.re system. What a.bout hospitals? cians, pra,cticing in a. stimulating, pluralis­ CORRECTION OF ROLLCALLS How do we compare with other nations tic, competitive, free enterprise environment which have the kind of system the politi­ can do that. cians plan for this country? In 1969 the United States had 7,144 hospitals, up four HON. LES ASPIN percent since 1960. In Great Brita.in, no new OF WISCONSIN hospitals were built from 1948 (the con­ ception of the National Health Service) until FLUCTUATIONS IN WELFARE COSTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1962. Since then only 10 have been built. IN NEW YORK CITY Monday, June 5, 1972 Since World War II, 515 new hospitals have been built in just 17 states in the southeast­ Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, on May 11, ern part of our country, an area compa­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I was mistakenly recorded as having rable in size to the United Kingdom. In most OF VIRGINIA voted "yea" on the motion-rollcall No. of post-war Europe, hospital construction IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 144-to instruct the conferees to insist has been at a standstill because of the lack on the House version of the antibusing of funds, in spite of the fact that in Sweden, Monday, June 5, 1972 provisions. I actually voted ''nay" on this for example, 20 percent of the Swedish cit­ Mr. JR. Mr. vote, which was consistent with my pre­ izens' taxes a.re for "free health ca.re. HARRY F. BYRD, Presi­ Not only do most Europeans have fewer dent, Newsweek magazine for June vious vote-rollcall No. 66-on March 8. hospitals than Americans, but the ava.11- 5 contains an interesting analysis of the I believe that we should not have in­ abllity of hospital beds in Europe is less fluctuations in welfare costs in New York structed the conferees on a matter as because of the longer length of stay. In City. The article notes that the number complicated and involved as antibusing 1969, in the United States, the average of new welfare recipients in recent years legislation. June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19741 ORGANIZED LABOR'S UMBRELLA portant account of this recent alienation is through my own experience, am ineligible KEEPS ITS CRITICS DRY AND the simplest: that is, that in the success of to serve on the Agriculture Committee, the labor movement lies the indispensable no Member of Congress who pays taxes COMFORTABLE guarantee of the success of the American so­ cial order itself. A weak labor movement, em­ could be eligible to serve on the Commit­ bodying and symbolizing the inabillty of tee on Ways and Means. I am afraid, Mr. HON. RICHARD BOLLING American institutions and social processes to Speaker, that distinguished committee OF MISSOURI accommodate-the basic needs of the majority would have to be dissolved. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of its citizenry-such a weak labor move­ I am proud of my ties with the family Monday, June 5, 1972 ment could have remained the object of deep­ farmer and I know that farmers would est piety. The labor movement we actually agree that they have needed a voice on Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, for those have, however-which, despite the long road the Agriculture Committee. who may have forgotten, Mrs. Midge it has yet to travel in the establishment of As a farmer for 20 years I have known Dector recalls the meaningful contribu­ economic justice, has yet become the single both feast and famine on the land. Un­ tions of organized labor over the years. most powerful vindication of the American social order-was bound on that very ac­ fortunately, there has been more famine Mrs. Deeter, who is managing editor of count to have become instead the object of than feast and it is my goal to correct World magazine, and former managing hostility. America's most richly rewarded the grave injustices heaped up on the editor of Harpers magazine, delivered intellectuals do not wish to see the American family farmer. I know what it means to her recollections on the occasion of a social order succeed. They wish to see it fail. have a crop washed out. I know what it Tribute to George Meany, sponsored by Its failure, of course, would sap the roots of means to have the bottom drop out of the League for Industrial Democracy. the existence of these intellectuals as much the farmer's market. I know what it is Her remarks follow: as it would those of any other Americans. But it is the luxury of the stability that like to have notes and taxes due with ORGANIZED LABOR'S UMBRELLA KEEPS ITS you and your movement, Mr. Meany, have not enough money to go around. I have CRITICS DRY AND COMFORTABLE brought to the American social order-and watched our smaller communities dry up It it perhaps a breach of proper manners will continue to maintain on its, and on all and have seen the deterioration of health for me to begin my remarks on an occasion our, behalf-which makes it possible for the care, housing and public services as the of a celebration such as this with a reference free-thinking, free-speaking, comfortable and to the unhappy-I will not say unredeemed­ farmer leaves the countryside. secure enemies of that order to continue in Mr. Speaker, I freely admit that farm­ decade through which this nation has just the plying of their reckless trade. As the na­ passed. tions of Western Europe, secure under the ing is not a hobby with me. It is my live­ These past five years have not been happy American nuclear umbrella, liberated from lihood, my way of life. As long as I am years for the labor movement; they cannot the palling economic necessities of their own allowed to serve in this body I will con­ have been altogether happy years for you ei­ defense, were freed thereby to become heed­ tinue to do everything possible for the ther, Mr. Meany. I presume to make such a less critics of American foreign policy, so have family farmer and rural America which judgment, though I am of course a stranger my colleagues, -under the umbrella of the is dependent on him for its very exist­ to the daily work and circumstance which success of American pluralist society in gen­ must in the end be the true life of the labor ence. I will do it not only because I will eral, and of the labor movement in particular, one day return to the farm, but because movement--indeed, I claim a kind of primary been freed to deplore, as recklessly and self­ right to make such a judgment--because as servingly as they wish, the fruits of both our the preservation of the family farm is an intellectual and a working journalist I political liberty and our economic achieve­ essential for every man, woman, and have been living for these same years dis­ ment. child in this Nation and millions of hun­ quietingly close (one might say in the very Some of us beneath that umbrella, how­ gry people throughout the world. heartlands) Of the source of that unhappi­ ever, do remember that it is here and stop ness. I mean, of course, the question of the from time to time-as we do here this after­ place of the labor movement in fashionable noon-to bless our fate. political opinion-and most particularly, and particularly unhappily, in fashionable ad­ -THE ARMY CHANGED ITS PLANS vanced liberal opinion. Those who had once been labor's most natural allies, namely the reformist intellectuals and the seemingly PROUD OF FARM TIES HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE most vocal of my colleagues in the liberal OF MISSOURI press, had abandoned the labor movement for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a rapid succession of self-styled and, alas, in­ HON. BOB BERGLAND finitely more romantic proletariats: glam­ OF MINNESOTA Monday, Ju7J.e 5, 1972 orous swashbucklers among the heralds of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, for those racial revolution; students; women. - - I need not go through the whole sodden Monday, June 5, 1972 who are curious as to how we are able history here. What is important to note is to maintain our Vietnam troops reduc­ that beneath the particular details of the Mr. BERGLAND. Mr. Speaker, Wash­ tion at a time of renewed pressure on ever-lengthening indictment of labor being ington Columnist Jack Anderson has the enemy, without increasing draft calls brought by its erstwhile and now so-fickle provided great services to this country. and when many of us would suspect our allies among the intellectuals and liberal He has revealed many shortcomings in casualties have increased substantially, journalists ran a single unbroken and un­ all branches of Government and indus­ the following should provide an explana­ spoken thread of attitude. The labor move­ try. I am hopeful, that because of his tion of where 30,000 of these men were ment was being charged with having had etI.orts, we will be able to . correct our the bad taste and graceless temerity to found: achieve a wholesome number of its purposes. mistakes. THE ARMY CHANGED HIS PLANS The success of the labor movement--that Yesterday, June 4, he discussed what As many of your readers undoubtedly very success it would have been so much more he considers to be conflicts of interest know, the U.S. Army recently cancelled an appropriate for me simply to celebrate this among Members of the U.S. House of early out program and extended some 30,000 afternoon-in having established its now­ Representatives. Banking, the law, real men past their expected ETS (time of sepa­ inalienable right to live and grow- and pur­ estate, oil, lumber, broadcasting, even ration). Personally, I was told ten days be­ sue the ordinary daily interests of its con­ undertaking came within Mr. Anderson's fore I was scheduled to get out that I would stituency is what, I am afraid, has brought scrutiny. It is not unusual to see in print be required to serve another three months. I about the alienation of our noisy intelligent­ the misconception that Congressmen are am only glad that I had made no firm plans. sia from this movement. unlike one man I know, who had already paid There are, no doubt, several reasons for overpaid and do not need any outside his tuition for summer school. This exten­ this. One might point to the spiritual quirk income, especially from a business re­ sion is not only an excellent example of the among so many intellectuals by which they lated to our work in the committees and callousness with which the Army plans, or are enslaved to the love of those who cannot on the fioor of the House. I was rather rather atltempts to plan, the lives of the peo­ live and grow and recognize the simple out­ surprised however, that because I am a ple unfortunate enough to be trapped in the lines of their own best interest but rather family farmer serving on the Agriculture Army, but is also an equally valid example must continue to suffer in futile and grandi­ Committee, to find my name included of the general inefficiency and high level of ose hopelessness. One might suggest of such incompetency prevalent in all levels of the intellectuals and leftist journalists that they with what Mr. Anderson calls "a long Army, but especially in the higher OOllUlUIJld tend to a romantically brutal disdain for the string of conflicts." levels. This even tops the time that I was told terms and limitations of everyday existence­ Mr. Speaker, I find it difficult to fol­ by my company commander that I, being low including, I might add, even their own. low that reasoning. If I, as someone who .ranking and single, must move back into the In essence, though, I think the most im- knows the problems of the family farmer barracks from an off-post apartment so that 19742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 the Army can build more housing for mar­ She is a confidante of presidents and cabi­ That night, Moffett said, wounded soldiers ried couples on poot. Really. net members because they trust her. She and civilians were moved into a "clearly Why 30,000 men and women should suffer could write a devastating best-seller if she marked hospital. The North Vietnamese blew drastic changes in their personal plans for chose to sell the confidence of big men-but it away with mortar and artillery fire and the future because of a few mistakes made she won't. Muckraking isn't her dish. killed every la.st one of the people inside." by some hare-brained Pentagon planners is The Margaret Mayer stories come in bun­ Moffett spent 53 days in An Loe, 60 miles beyond me. I suppooe the basic reason why I dles but perhaps one is the most illustrative north of Saigon and under Communist seige have been extended is that not enough people of her clout. for the last 49 days. He said there still a.re re-en.listed or enlisted during the past few In 1960, Lyndon B. Johnson, aspiring to the hundreds of civilians there--some in govern­ months. I wonder why. Democratic presidential nomination, sched­ ment-occupied areas and others in Commu­ SP4 JOHN W. PENDLETON, Jr. uled a press conference in a model home ex­ nist-held pockets oft.he city. hibit at the Los Angeles Coliseum grounds. It was surrounded by a cyclone fence and well policed. TRIBUTE TO MRS. MARGARET Margaret swung up to the gate, press badge plainly visible, and started through the en­ FREE SPEECH AND THE PRESIDENT MAYER trance. A six-foot, six Los Angeles policeman seized her elbow, opened his mouth for some­ thing that was never said. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE HON. EARLE CABELL "Take your hands off me, you big so-a.nd­ OF IOWA OF TEXAS so !"steamed Margaret. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The man mountain in blue withdrew his hand and she marched in. I was next in line Monday, June 5, 1972 Monday, June 5, 1972 and the officer turned to me and asked: Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, at a time "Is she really a newspaperman?" Mr. CABELL. Mr. Speaker, a longtime I assured him Maggie Mayer was very much when election-year rhetoric is escalating, associate and personal friend of mine, of a "newspaperman." voices of reason and moderation rise Mrs. Margaret Mayer, has just recently "Gee," the officer sputtered, "I'll bet she's above the din so rarely that we should traveled with the President to Russia as a helluva. good one!" pay them special heed. Following is an a member of the press pool. Mrs. Mayer, And she is. She can outwork and outfox editorial which appeared in the Wash­ the Washington correspondent for the any newsman in sight, and does. In these ington, D.C., Catholic Standard last Dallas Times Herald, is one of the most past 12 days she covered the shooting of Gov. month, in which the students of catholic respected newspaperwomen around. In George Wallace and kept hospital vigil until University are reproved for their op­ 3 a..m.; next morning showed up at The White the Dallas Times Herald an editorial was House on a tip and covered the resignation position to a rumored visit by President written about Mrs. Mayer by Felix Mc­ of Secy. John Connally; took ca.re of her other Nixon to the campus. Knight, an editor of the paper and one Washington chores for four days and then The editor takes no exception to the of her colleagues. He says all the things flew off to Russia with the Presidential party. students' political opinions, but objects so well that we who have admired Mar­ To those who have savored her beautiful to their virulent protests against the ex­ garet have known all along. word story of the memorable week in Russia pression of a different point of view. He The editorial follows: you get the feel of the day-and-night first­ reminds us that the privilege of free hand reporting that makes her different from ROSES FOR A LADY the rest of the crowd. speech must be extended to all if it is to (By Felix R. McKnight) The Germanic stamina. comes from be respected by any. The President of Margaret Mayer sat off to the side of the staunch parents. The meticulous touch? Her the United States is entitled to the same ornate banquet table in Moscow last Mon­ father was a watchmaker-jeweler. constitutional rights as any private citi­ day night and watched as President Nixon zen and deserves, moreover, an added traded vodka toasts with the soviet hier­ measure of consideration because of the archy. RED MASSACRES IN CHURCH, AN dignity of his office. Richard M. Nixon is not much of a drink­ That such an editorial needs to be ing man and Margaret Mayer is not much of LOC HOSPITAL REPORTED a drinking woman; never on the job. But in written at all is an unfortunate barom­ Russia you don't dodge the uplifted vodka eter of the extremism which polarizes and the accompanying rhetoric that serves HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG the political process at times in this as the chaser. OF FLORIDA country. But necessary it is, and Words that come from the Russian toasts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thoughtful men should give it due atten­ sometimes shape a future. Margaret Mayer tion. was ear-cupping to hear each syllable. Monday, June 5, 1972 The editorial follows: She was there as one of the most skilled newspaperwomen in the trade; a member of Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, CITIZENS BEWARE? the news media "pool" of three or four who those who, in the name of peace, fly the A small group of Catholic University stu­ report to the hundreds of other newsfolk out­ Vietcong flag and shout slogans of vie~ dents, presumably aided and a.betted by some side a.bout what went on inside. The "pool" tory for the Communists should pay close faculty members, recently passed out leaflets is a pro group; not for novices. attention to the following UPI story accusing President Nixon of extortion and The words of Richard Nixon did, indeed, which appeared in Sundays Washington criminal genocide. The leaflet, headed "Citi­ make world news and Margaret Mayer, Dal­ Star. zens Beware-Nixon Is Coming," said in pa.rt: las Times Herald Washington correspondent, "Our message is simple and clear: Nixon can­ passed them on to tense millions from the If this is the kind of immoral activities not appear on the Catholic University of historic summit session. they support then so be it. But if they America campus. We will work to insure that Since 1951-first in the Times Herald Aus­ have had enough and can no longer he not appear on any university in our coun­ tin Bureau, since 1966 in the Washington stomach these atrocities against inno­ try until he ceases this criminal genocide of Bureau-Margaret Mayer has been reporting cent men, women, and children, let them the peoples of Vietnam." the political and national scene "where in­ speak. In either event, Americans every­ The reason for this tirade was a rumor that trigue is supreme." It is as much of her as where are anxiously waiting. the President would appear at CU's com­ the marrow in her bones. mencement on Saturday. University officials Margaret is attractive by all gal standards. The article follows: said they had no knowledge that the Presi­ Medium height, flashing eyes, well groomed. RED MASSACRES IN CHURCH, AN Loe Hos­ dent planned to visit the campus. Articulaite because she does her homework; PITAL REPORTED Whether or not Mr. Nixon shows up is be­ tenacious when in quest of news and emi­ SAIGON.-A U.S. adviser back from An Loe side the point. The point is that wherever the nently fair in her final judgments. says he witnessed a. Communist tank mas­ President of the United States appears he Personalities a.re never tarnished by her re­ sacre 100 women and children inside a should be treated with the respect due his port ing-unless they damn well need tar­ church in the besieged city. office. It should be possible to disagree with nishing. She will not brook double-dealing. Later the same day, he said, North Viet­ the President on any issue without branding She protects values and respects the individ­ namese artillery opened up on a hospital and him as the most despicable war criminal ual's rights. She scorns the tawdry and plow~ killed all its occupants. since Attila the Hun. the straight furrow of fa.ct. Army Ca.pt. Harold Moffett of Nashville, Those responsible for the leaflet apparently She can walk into any office in Washing­ Tenn., told UPI correspondent Barney Sei­ believe that 1) their views on the Vietnam ton, except the President's, because she has bert today that on a day in mid-April, "I war are irrefutably correct, 2) anyone who been there before and left with respect. personally saw a Russian-built tank go into disagrees is not only mistaken but also a Sometimes, grudging respect if the facts as a church where services were being held and vicious criminal, 3) their view-and only she found them hurt a bit. kill 100 people-women and children." their view-is the only one that can be June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19743 heard on campus and 4) they have a right The answer is the land mine. Press-Gazette dealing with Barbara to disrupt a graduation ceremony to prevent Land mines, like machineguns, are illegal. Tuchmann's excellent book "Stilwell any remarks on any subject by a President Yet, it should be obvious that for many and the American Experience in China," who doesn't share their views. people the land mine is the ideal-indeed, This storm trooper attitude ls contempti­ the only-weapon with which they can de­ and the lessons our China experience ble. Those in acaidemic circles generally hold fend themselves. may provide with regard to Vietnam. great store by free speech and the mutual ex­ These people would include the elderly, The editorial follows: change of ideas in an atmosphere of reason­ the extremely deep sleeper, the weak-eyed, LESSON OF CHINA able discussion. But not this group. Free the hard of hearing, and those who cannot In her magnificent book, "Stilwell and speech presumably applies only to them. stand the sight of a gun. the American Experience in China," Bar­ Anyone else has to be shouted down or pre­ For them, a gun is useless-even the ma­ bara Tuchmann probably cannot help but vented from coming on campus. chinegun. A fiend could be at their throats read into the discouraging history the simi­ Fortunately only a tiny minority of CU before they even finished a prayer. larity to the American role in Vietnam. The students hold this yahoo viewpoint. It's too These people are being penalized and en­ really uncomfortable fact is not that the bad that their antics besmirch the university. dangered by the laws which restrict a citi­ United States should make such a serious zen's weaponry to rifles, shotguns and pistols. mistake once but that it should almost copy But if they could place a few land mines it in Vietnam. in and around their homes-under a throw Whatever the Chinese desperation at the LET US STOP 'EM IN THEIR TRACKS rug, in the lawn, the back steps, the back ruthless Japanese invasion, the Nationalist yards, and under the welcome mat--an evil government was never able to organize a doer would be stopped in his tracks. All that defense much less mount an offensive. Mrs. HON. ABNER J. MIKVA would remain of him would be his tracks, Tuchmann blames the Chiang Kai-shek which would be his just deserts. OF Il.LINOIS hierarchy. But whatever the merits or draw­ Yet, these people are being penalized and backs of Gen. Joseph Stilwell's policies and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES left defenseless because our laws restrict a those of the flamboyant Gen. Clare Chen­ Monday, June 5, 1972 citizen's weaponry to rifles, shotguns and nault in how the war in China should be pistols. fought, it became obvious that eventually Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, little more It doesn't make any sense that anyone can Chiang became assured that the Americans than a week ago, I inserted in the REC­ buy a pistol for $8, while an honest citizen, would eventually defeat the Japanese so that ORD the text of an article which dealt who wants nothing more than to enforce his primary concern was his own retention with a Chicago newspaperman's plan his "keep out" sign, should not be able to of power particularly against the forces of to legalize the machinegun. That pro­ buy a land mine. Mao Tse-tung. Chiang's great concern as the posal, by Mike Royko, apparently was Before I continue, let me anticipate some war neared an end was to keep complete of the objections that will be raised by the control of the Chinese army while at the a response to those people, including anti-gun, anti-land mine peaceniks. same time not losing massive American for­ myself and some of my colleagues, who "You can't use something that can kill eign aid. want strict handgun control-especially you just because you step on it." Stilwell was recalled at Chiang's insist­ a ban on the sale and manufacture of That is ridiculous. You can be injured, even ence. The men never did get along, and part handguns. In that article, he suggested killed, by stepping on a roller skate, a banana of the trouble may have been a personality the legalization of machineguns, be­ peel, a mud puddle, or a sleeping dog. clash as the United States explained at the cause not everyone is an accurate shot But is that any reason to outlaw roller time of the recall. But in the light of future skates, bananas, rain, or sleeping dogs? events it seems obvious that the Nationalists with a pistol, and the machinegun offers Then there will be the familiar cry: "Land had long ago lost the support of the popula­ many more advantages as a weapon of mines kill." tion and the Communists indeed were self-defense. Mr. Royko made some Nonsense. Land mines don't kill. People "better men physically, better fed, better telling points in that article, and in the who step on land mines kill. If you don't clothed ... with better morale than the Na­ interests of fair play, I thought it would step on it, it is as safe as a turnip. tionalist troops" as Gen. Frank Dorn, a one­ be appropriate to insert in the RECORD And the only people who would be en­ time aide to Stilwell, later testified. a subsequent article on the subject by dangered would be those who are walking But for domestic political reasons, as well Mr.Royko: where they don't belong. as because of concern of the effect in other Oh, I admit that there is always the possi­ parts of the world, the United States could LET Us STOP 'EM IN THEm TRACKS bility of regrettable accidents. Nothing is not publicly concede the truth. The Chinese (By Mike Royko) fool proof. A few children, pets, inebriated Nationalists ha.cl been portrayed to the A few nights ago I was awakened by sounds neighbors and deliverymen might be lost. American public much as the South Viet­ outside the window. They sounded like foot­ But probably no more than are killed each namese have been-inherently of a demo­ steps in the gangway. year by handguns. And no clear thinking, cratic nature, fighting courageously for their My first thought was that It ha.cl to be decent American would deprive his fellows dignity and freedom against great odds. Ob­ either a dangerous criminal or a Communist. of their rights because a few children, police­ viously, the Chinese Nationalists could no And there I was without a machinegun. men, store keepers and others are shot each more be abandoned to the truth in 1944 (As some you you know, I am the founder day by legalized, $8 pistols. than the South Vietnamese could be in 1972. of the National Machinegun Assn., which Remember, no President, or even a candi­ "We must not indefinitely underwrite a will lobby to legalize the machinegun for the date for President, has ever been assassi­ politically bankrupt regime" warned John benefit of those of us who are bad shots nated with a land mine. Stewart Service, later to be condemned for with pistols. We, too, have a right to protect So I urge all of you who are concerned his realism toward Asian affairs. hearth and home.) about the safety of the elderly, the deep Mrs. Tuchmann writes, "the option to end As things turned out, though, a machine­ sleepers, the near sighted, and hard of hear­ support of China was almost taken ... but gun would have been of little use that night. ing, to write to your congressman, senator, the United States could not afford to do it." When I tried to raise the screen to look coroner, postmaster, alderman, precinct cap­ President Roosevelt believed in sovereignty out the window, it stuck and made a squeak­ tain, the President, vice president, ambassa­ for allied governments but it could not really ing noise. By the time I opened it, the foot­ dor to the Court of St. James's, your religious be achieved any more than it has in South steps were fading into the distance. There leaders, union leaders, newspapers, the Na­ Vietnam. "The United States too was con­ would have been no opportunity to get off tional Rifle Assn., and Howard Miller. cerned with face saving," she writes. So Stil­ even one burst of fire. Urge them to support much-needed legis­ well crune home. "The recall was the inevita­ The result would have been the same lation that would make the ownership of ble outcome of the assumption, growing out had I opened the front door. It was a noisy land mines legal. of China's dependence and passivity, that an lock. And the screen door sticks. Then we will see if anybody messes with my American solution could be imposed on In the morning I learned that the foot­ neighbor's car raidio. China," Mrs. Tuchmann writes. steps had been those of someone who en­ Mrs. Tuchmann concludes that "the tered my neighbor's car and removed two American effort to sustain the stat us quo radio speakers. LESSON OF CHINA could not supply an outworn government The police said he was a "sneak thief." with strength and stability or popular sup­ But one can't be sure. He might have been port. It could not hold up a husk nor long a. Communist who was equipping a secret HON. DAVID R. OBEY delay the cyclical passing of the mandate of radio room. heaven. In the end, China went her own In any case, this experience taught me that OF WISCONSIN way as if the Americans had never come." a gun-even a machinegun--doesn't always IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It won't be quite that way 1n Vietnam. protect an honest citizen against criminals, Monday, June 5, 1972 There are millions of the dead and the ref­ Commies, and creatures of the night. ugees in that torn country who will not There are times when something else ls Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, last week an be exactly the same again. But the end needed. editorial appeared in the Green Bay political result still could be the same. 19744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 ANGELA DAVIS AND AMERICAN years of oppression and recited the whole This is where Miss Davis parts company HISTORY litany of slavery, the standard white re­ with much of the new black thought. She sponse was, "What has this genera.tion­ clearly understands the parental instinct to white or black-to do with that period of protect the cub, but she knows that the old HON. LOUIS STOKES our distant history?" But in writing to the survival patterns no longer work, for even OF OHIO man she loved, as a black woman caught up when they do "work", they often produce in - in the struggle for black liberation, Angela dividualistic, white-like people, alienated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Davis had still to be deeply involved in the from the black experience, people who stand Monday, June 5, 1972 slow black psychic climb up out of the slime alone, above and aside, identifying with little and ooze of slavery. In this letter, excerpts of the pain and soaring with none of the joy Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, on June 4, from which appear elsewhere on this page, of engagement and occasional victory. The 1972, Angela Davis was acquitted by an her issue is whether the survival techniques struggle, as she says, must now be collective. all-white jury in San Jose, Calif. Follow- and the perceptions of black needs devel­ Renewed white resistance coupled with the ing the announcement of the jury's ver- oped prior to 1865 and persisting even now still abysmal circumstances of the lives of at diet, Miss Davis stressed that she held a.re suited to the needs and demands of least half of black America requires a strategy black society. of more ingenious and diversified black ini­ no greater confidence in thi·s coun t ry's The problem Miss Davis confronts runs in tiatives springing from both the talents and judicial system than before, but that-- an unbroken line from the defense mecha­ needs of a more unified black community The people who sat as jurors [were] not nisms blacks developed for survival during than has ever previously existed. part of the judicial system, but of the people. the brutal and violent days when they were Whether Miss Davis was speaking meta­ The breach between our Government chattel stra.ight into the gust and spirits phorically when she talked about squeezing and the people it purports to govern has of today's black parents struggling with the rather than jerking the trigger and rejoicing excruciating problems of raising their chil- over the running blood of a policeman is become increasingly evident in recent dren in a still racist America-an America something a jury in San Jose will soon begin political trials. From the Chicago 7 that seems to think it has done enough about to ponder. But no one who walks the streets through the Catonsville 9 to Angela the racial problem and is both weary of the of the poorest black comm.unities in this Davis, a pattern has developed. On the issue and hostile even toward such minor country can doubt that desperate struggles, flimsiest charges, the Government has innovations a,s busing and scatter site hous­ the contours of which are yet unknown, lie brought people to trial who happen to ing. She knows the parents will be tempted ahead. Eyes in black spirits see what white to be "overly protective" by dissuading their blindness and indifference fall to perceive: disagree with the o:tncial interpretation children from accepting the "burden of flght- a.lleys where children play amidsts rubble of events. In each case, the victims of ing this war which has been declared on us," and wine-soaked bodies, tenaments where these witch hunts have been vindicated on the one hand while seeing the need to families sleep eight to a room, grammar by the American people, represented by hand the sons of the race a "flaming sword" schools where heroin pushers peddle their those in the jury box. In each case, the on the other. wares to ten year olds and empty shells defendants have been acquitted because During slavery, both black men and black lurching along streets where men should of insu:tncient evidence, a fact which, women performed as beasts of burden from walk. Nor is there any doubt a.bout the rage alone, should cause us to wonder. dawn to dusk, but in a very substantial such sights engender in the core of every Angela Davis was a perfect target for measure, that was the man's sole function. black with a living spirit, whether or not In order to turn men into beasts, it was im­ that age is articulated as openly as Miss o:fHcial castigation. A Communist, a black perative for the society to keep them docile. Davis does in her letter. American, a woman--she failed to fit into Male slaves could be murdered, punished Nor can he believe that there is an asset any of the slots which society had carved brutally, sold down the river away from fam­ anywhere more precious to the future of out for her. She has always been an intel- ily and friends and have their faces pressed black America. than her children. Each ligent and fiercely independent young into the mud in hundreds of other more mother will struggle with the knowledge of woman who carries with her the his- subtle ways until manhood was little more the pain that lies ahead for her child. Her torical baggage that all black Americans than a scream of anguish that died in the instinctive desire to erect an iron protective throat before it was heard. mechanism around his spirit will do fierce carry-a memory of slavery, repression, women seemed less threatening and were battle with her knowledge that the black and rejection. Most white Americans thus often given positions of trust at the community needs him to live his life at full have refused to take the trouble to under- mouths of white babies, and in the kitchens throttle and great risk while pouring his stand what it is like to have this particu- of the great houses or of sexual servitude, to main force into the struggle for black libera­ lar memory. The San Jose jury took that master, master's son, overseer or visiting fire­ tion. If the parents choice is the latter, Miss trouble, and they are to be heartily com- man. The women did what they had to do for Davis is right. That race of giants won't be mended for the results of their painstak- their own survival and to protect children, developed by strong men and crippled moth­ ing efforts. husbands and friends. They saw clearly the ers. Rather, it will arise from families perils in store for the black man-child and, headed by two whole human beings who set On May 24, 1972, a column by Roger over generations and centuries, they devised examples by being fully engaged in the Wilkins appeared in the Washington ways to raise their boys to survive in the most serious business of America, and who Post. His article was called "Children of world they knew: "Keep your nose clean, have the full courage to grow and to launch Slavery: Parents and Black Liberation." hang back, work hard, succeed, escape, be­ the child in the hope that none of them­ Roger Wilkins articulated, for readers of come 'non-nigger'." whether parent or child-will flinch in the the :>ost, the meaning of Angela Davis' After slavery, little changed in those pat­ face of the awesome challenges that are personal struggle in terms of her sym- terns. The black male was still systematically sure to come. bolic battle in behalf of all black Ameri- degraded. Women could get jobs because peo­ cans. On the same page, the Post carried ple needed domestics and the American fan- LETTER TO GEORGE JACKSON-ANGELA DAVIS: tasy grew enough to include a black woman STRUGGLE, SURVIVAL one of Miss Davis' letters to George Jack- teacher, nurse or social worker, but could not son. This letter is a beautiful and sue- encompass a black male supervisor or execu­ It is already impossible to begin at the beginning. If I start by dropping the mask cinct pronouncement upon what life is tive. Meanwhile, up through the black revolu­ and say in all naturalness: I have come to like for a black woman in this country. tion of the sixties, black mothers kept teach- love you very deeply, I count on you to be­ ! urge my colleagues to take this op- ing the same old survival course to their lleve me, George. I have used these words partunity to try to understand, as the children. They did so, partially because their very seldom in my 26 years-because I could San Jose jury did, what people like own paths to progress were blocked and so not have meant them very often. Believe me, Angela Davis are all about. I, therefore, they poured all of their hopes and all of their it happened so abruptly, so spontaneously. I ambitions into their children, and partially because they wanted to save the children was not seeking to love when I walked into include Roger Wilkins' column and Miss a Sallnas courtroom on Friday, May 8, 1970. 1 from both named and unknown perils. Davis' poetic letter below: And so it is difficult to articulate it further. CHILDREN OF SLAVERY: PARENTS AND BLACK I Then came the revolution of blackness dur- But one thing remains to be said-my feel­ LmERATION , ing the late 60s and the rise of black male ings dictate neither illusionary hopes nor (By Roger Wilkins) consciousness. Cultists and others, raging at intolerable despair. My love--your love, rein­ The first "love letter" from Angela Davis to an abundance of injustices-many real, some forces my fighting instincts, it tells me to go George Jackson introduced by the prosecu- imagined-began fl.ring at any moving target. to war ... tion at Miss Davis' trial in California for Black women loomed large in many sights; Concerning black women: I am convinced murder offers an extra.ordinary glimpse into they were told "you have crushed our ma.n­ that the solution is not to persuade the the mind of a young black woman as she hood and bled us of our blackness. We are black woman to relax her reins on the black struggles with one of the still live and an- men now and are prepared to take care of male, (but to translate) the "be a good boy" guishing legacies of slavery. During the late business while your role is to keep quiet, syndrome into a "take the sword in hand" sixties, when young angry black rhetoricians succor and love, while I fight and define my attitude . . . to take our first step towards lashed America because of three hundred blackness." freedom, we, too, must pick up the sword. June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19745 Only a fighting woman can guide her son in accurately, squeeze rather than jerk, and UNITED STATES-SOVIET ARMS LIM­ the warrior direction. Only when our lives­ not be overcome by the damage. We have to ITATION AGREElV.lENT MARKS A our total lives-become inseparable from learn how to rejoice when pig's blood is BEGINNING IN DISARMAMENT struggle can we, black women, do what we spilled. But all this presupposes that the have to do for our sons and daughters ... black male will have purged himself of the My mother was overly protective of her myth that his mother, his woman, must be sons and daughters. I could never forgive subdued before--he----can wage war on the HON. JOE L. EVINS her for forcing my bothers (us, too) to take enemy. Liberation is a dialectical movement OF TENNESSEE dancing lessons. George, we must dig into -the black woman can liberate herself from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all the muck and get at the roots of our all the muck-and it works the other way problems ... When we are overly protective, around and this is-only-the beginning . . . Monday, June 5, 1972 we attempt to dissuade our loved ones from Women's liberation in the revolution is in­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, accepting the burden of fighting this war separable from the liberation of the certainly we are all hopeful that the re­ which has been declared on us, we cannot be male ... dismissed as counter revolutionary. You'd be Jon and I have made a truce. As long as I cent summit meeting in Moscow will surprised how many brothers would say this. try to combat my tendencies to remind him mark the beginning of disarmament Nor can it be said that we ought to blot our of his youth, he wlll try to combat his male and pave the way for a lasting peace. natural instincts for survival. Why, why, is chauvinism. Don't come down on me before In this connection, I insert in the REC­ our condition so wrought with contradic­ you understand-I never said Jon was too ORD my recent newsle .....ter Capitol Com­ tions? We, who have been coerced into per­ young for anything, I just mentioned how ments, because of the interest of my col­ forming the most degrading kinds of Iabor­ incredible it is that in spite of a Catholic school, Georgia, etc., he refuses to allow so­ leagues and the American people in this a sex machine for the white slave master. most important subject: Rather than helplessly watch her children ciety to entrap him in adolescence. But still, die a slow death of starvation, my grand­ he doesn't dig any mention of age. UNITED STATES-SoVIET ARMS LIMrrATION mother submitted to the white master, my The night after I saw you in court, for the AGREEMENT MARKS A BEGINNING IN DIS­ father's accursed father ... first (time) in months, I dreamt (or at least ARMAMENT To choose between various paths of sur­ the dream was significant enough to work Now that President Nixon has returned vival means the objective availabil1ty of al­ its way into my consciousness). We were to­ from the Summit Conference in Moscow and ternatives. I hope you don't take this as an gether, fighting pigs, winning. We were learn­ delivered his report to the Congress in joint apologetic stance. I'm only trying to under­ ing to know each other. session, it is appropriate and timely to refiect stand the forces that have led us, black I love you ... on the significance of the highly publicized women, to where we are now. Why did your events in Moscow. mother offer you reprimands Instead of the In the first place--as the President empha­ flaming sword? Which is equivalent to posing EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR sized in his address before Congress-the ac­ the same question about every other black DISADVANTAGED VETERANS cords signed with respect to nuclear disarm­ woman-and not only with respect to the ament are only a beginning. Further Stra., sons, but the daughters too (this is really tegic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) a.re ex­ crucial. In Cuba last summer, I saw some HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE pected, aimed, among other things, at scal­ very beautiful Vietnamese warriors ... all ing down the numerical limitations placed female ... I saw women patrollng the OF TEXAS on various nuclear weapons by the initial streets with rifles on their backs-defending IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agreement. Certainly we are all hopeful that the revolution. But also, young companeras Monday, June 5, 1972 further negotiations can proceed and that educating their husbands, and lovers-de­ there can be further progress in reduction in mythologizing machismo. After all, if women Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, costs and military weapons production. can fight, manage factories, then men ought there are a good many who are express­ The treaty between the United States of to be able to help with the house, children. ing concern about the programs of the America and the Union of Soviet Socialist But returning to the question-we have Veterans' Administration relating to dis­ Republics on the limitations of antibal­ learned from our revolutionary ancestors listic missiles includes the following provi­ that no individual a.ct or response can seize advantaged veterans. I think these per­ sions: the scepter of the enemy. The slave lashes sons will be interested in the report of Intercontinental ballistic missiles are lim­ out against his immediate master, subdues the Veterans' Administration which in­ ited to those under construction or deployed. him, escapes, but he has done nothing more dicated that large numbers of so-called The effect of this agreement is to limit than take the first step in the long spiral up­ high school dropouts are taking advan­ ICBMs which Russia can have to 1618 in wards towards liberation. And often that in­ tage of the veterans' programs to con­ number, compared to 1054 for the United dividual escape is an evasion of the real tinue their education. In this connection, States. Officials explained that Russia was problem. It is only when all the slaves are I would like to insert a recent report by provided with an edge in missiles in the aroused from their slumber, articulate their agreement because the United States has goo.Is, choose their leaders, make an unwav­ the Veterans' Administration on this multiple warhead missiles-a single missile ering commitment to destroy every single subject. with a number of warheads that can be di­ obstacle which might prevent them from The report follows: rected at different targets-while Russia has transcribing their visions of a new world, a EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR DISADVANTAGED not app1'ied multiple warheads to its missiles. new man onto the soil of the earth, into the VETERANS In terms of warheads the United States has flesh and blood of men. Where are the high school drop-outs who an estimated 5,700, while Russia has 2,500. Even dreams are often prohibited or are are now Vietnam Era veterans? The Un'ited States and Russia under the allowed to surface only in the most dis­ agreement are permitted 200 each of anti­ guised and sublimated form-the desire to During April, about 21 ,000 were com­ pleting high school under the GI Bill, and ballistic interceptor missiles-defensive mis­ be white, the monstrous perverted aspira­ siles to knock out incoming ICBM's. tions of a so-called black bourgeoisie, cre­ swelling the ranks of those who have taken ated to pacify the masses. And then there is advantage of a five year old Veterans Admin­ Construction of submarine-launched bal­ the unnatural system-oriented desires of a istration program that pays them monthly listic missiles will be frozen at current levels. black woman who is relating to the survival allowances while attending schools below the The President emphasized that "the pres­ of her children. . . . college level. ent and planned strategic forces of the The point is-given the vacuum created For those veterans this means enrollment United States are without question sufficient by the absence of collective strurwle, the in remedial or refresher courses to enable for the maintenance of our security and the objective survival alternatives are sparse: them to earn elementary or high school protection of our vital interests." ambitious of bourgeois gluttony or-like you diplomas or otherwise qualify for higher Other agreements signed by officials of the said-unconscious crime. One path goes in education:. This "ca.tch-up"tra.ining is not itwo nations provided for joint space explor­ thru the front door, the other sneaks in thru charged against eligibility. Thus these vet­ ation, for joint health and disease research, the back and is far more dangerous and erans are able to save their full entitlement a.:rrangements for committees to discuss en­ seemingly far less likely to reach its for higher education later on. vironmental problems, scientific and tech­ destination ... Veterans who are having trouble with their nical cooperation, and trade; and a signal A mother cannot help but cry out for the studies may receive special tutorial help system to a.void military confrontations on survival of her own flesh and blood. We which VA will pay for. the high seas. have been forbidden to reach out for the So far, about 66,000 educationally dis­ The overall significance of the agreements truth about survival-that ls a collective en­ advantated veterans have taken advantage of is considered by some to be that the United terprise and must be offensive, rather than "catch-up" schooling or training since it States and Russia both appear to be work­ defensive .. . became available in: 1967. ing together for some stabllity and security Frustrations, aggressions cannot be re­ However, VA pointed out that this figure in the world. pressed indefinitely ... For the black fe­ does not include all assistance provided. For In the Congress there are reports that male, the solution is not to become less ag­ example, many educationally disadvantaged strong efforts will be made to reduce military gressive, not to lay down the gun. but to veterans elect to enter on-job training pro­ expenditures because of the cutbacks and learn how to set the sights correctly, aim grams or attend vocational and trade schools. the freeze on the nuclear arsenal. 19746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 There a.re indications that the military chaplain of the Monroe County Volun­ kind and it is rare these days to find a con­ weapons appropriations bill will be delayed teer Fireman's Association. stant, fathomable person who does not defy pending an analysis of the impact of the The cochairmen of the ceremony were accurate description: one of complete in­ agreement on military requirements. There tegrity, complete devotion to country, and exists some sentiment in the congress that Ronald Jensen and Donald Fox. The complete confidence in the future. substantial cuts and reductions in the mili­ building committee was staffed by Bur­ Such a guy is Ranny Weeks, who in June tary budget can and should now be made. ton A. Ross, chairman; Rona d Jensen, will step down from an academic band­ Certainly we must keep our guard up and and Gary Lewis. stand-having already done so in musical our defenses strong. There have been other During the ceremony, an American circles many years ago--and retire with his agreements with Russia that amounted to flag was given to the fire department by wife, Stubby, to Cape Cod. little more than scraps of paper. But we are Mrs. Robert "Bonnie" Wiedrich, whose Only his friends won't let him bow out all hopeful that the President's efforts will first husband Jeffrey D. Schumacher, quietly. They want him to mount the po­ be successful in reducing world tensions dium again, at least for the evening of Mon­ and increasing the chances for lasting world Sr., lost his life in acticn in Vietnam in day, June 26 when hundreds of Ranny's ad­ peace. Eternal vigilance must be our watch­ the spring of 1971. The flag was one of mirers will gather for a testimonial dinner word. the two given to Bonnie, daughter of in his honor at Sidney Hlll Country Club. Burton Ross, by the Department of the His friends include the noted, like co-chair­ Army at the time of the funeral. The men Rudy Vallee, Arthur Fiedler, David Mc­ other flag is being saved for Jeffrey D. Cord and Dr. Shields Warren, and the multi­ HORTON PRAISES CAL STEWART Schumacher, Jr., to be presented to him tude of so-called "little people" who adore AND FAIRPORT'S STEWART FIRE when he is older. Ranny and for whom he has al ways had a STATION warm greeting and genuine concern. The flag was accepted by Wallace D. This writer has personally known Ranny Kennelly, president of the Fairport Fire Weeks and his fe.mily for many years, been Department while the visiting Pittsford close to him, and gratefully enriched. The HON. FRANK HORTON Fire Department Band, directed by Au­ difficult thing for me to swallow is that OF NEW YORK gust D'Aurizio, played the National An­ Ranny is "retiring," for the tall, handsome, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES them. ramrod-straight executive director of the Boston University Law School Alumni As­ Monday, June 5, 1972 Stewart Station was named in honor sociation defies the ordinary mortal 's ero­ of Cal Stewart, a man who typifies the sion. His career and friendships teem with Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, in these best of what we look for in an American. human interest, been diversified and never times when our Nation is troubled by He has contributed his time, energy, and devious. problems which could affect our future talent to the community for almost 50 There were, of course, the 'celebrity years' deeply, it is essential that we recognize years in various responsibilities in the when Ranny led a famous orchestra, a role and pay tribute to the good that is in fire department. He is an individual which reaped him as much income in a single America. On Sunday, May 21, 1972, I saw who does not hesitate to get involved for week as most men then made in a year-in­ some of the good that is America, and I the betterment of his community and come long gone but never, even at the titil­ gained an even greater confidence in and lating time, capable of turning his head. The man to be emulated by all of us. baiton, appearance and personal! ty took him respect for the future of our Nation. Having been honored to be a part of to Hollywood for a few movies (some of which On that day, I attended the dedica­ the dedication ceremonies of the Stew­ he occasionally must stomach when they re­ tion of the new Stewart Fire Station in art Fire Station, I am convinced that the turn via TV on the late-late shows). Ranny the village of Fairport, N.Y. Operated spirit of community action and self­ once confided that gossip columnists, prodded and maintained by the Fairport Volun­ reliance-all attributes that helped to by Hollywood publicists, even tried to link teer Fire Department, this new facility mold our great Nation-are alive and him romantically with Dorothy Lamour-a was named in honor of one of the volun­ family joke since Ranny's marriage to Stubby well in the village of Fairport, N.Y., and has been long and happy, and a major an­ teer fireman, Clair "Cal" Stewart. indeed in many communities like it chor amidst incredible pressures. No simple phrase such as "one of the across the country. There•s also the Navy side of Ranny Weeks, volunteer firemen" is an adequate way I commend all who made this new a very important part. He twice served as a to describe Cal Stewart, a volunteer fire­ fire station possible, and especially Cal naval officer on active duty, in World War man since 1926 and chief of the Fairport Stewart. On behalf of the community II e.nd during the Korean War, and for years, Fire Department for 24 years. He has which he has served so diligently, I thank was a prime mover in the affairs of the ac­ been a member of nearly every firefight­ him. tive Naval Reserve inform:ation section in ing organization in the area, and has Boston. There a.re few things he's prouder served as an officer of many of them. of than his Navy Cap>taincy, epitomizing a The dedication of the fire station was THE BANDSTAND OF LIFE: RANNY career that hangs on a special memory re.ck. WEEKS RETffiES Yet nobody should get the notion that Ranny an opportunity for the leaders and citi­ ls a hell-bent-for-leather militarist. It should zens of the community to pay a well-de­ be observed that he is a member of the served tribute to Cal Stewart. His com­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER Swedenborgian Society and a practising Christian, whose mystical religion keeps his munity and his fellow firemen have paid OF MASSACHUSETTS him their highest tribute in naming their steadfast gaze on the horizon and beyond. new fire station after him. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The two wars took him out of music and Monday, June 5, 1972 back to his alma mater, Boston University, Cal, presently serving as the Monroe where he served for twelve years as director County fire coordinator, shared the Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. of Alumni Affairs. The Law School post, speaker's platform with many of the Speaker, an unusual man is closing out another labour of love for Ranny, was as­ community's leaders. John J. Kenney, an unusual career next month and some sumed in recent years. a fireman and long-time friend of the of his many friends are planning to pay Just to be sure that June 26th is not a guest of honor was master of ceremonies him formal tribute. one-night-st.and, Ranny's friends, spear­ and introduced the following speakers: The man is Ranny Weeks. headed by Newton businessman Herb Abram­ Peter J. McDonough, Fairport's mayor; son, are also planning a Ranny Weeks Schol­ The career has ranged from leading a arship Fund a.t the B.U. Law School, which Lake B. Edwards, supervisor of the town popular dance band through two wars in will assist needy and deserving students. of Perinton; Thomas Laverne, New York the Navy to the post of executive direc­ Nothing could be more appropriate since State Senator; and myself. tor of the Boston University Law School Ranny's own law school study and possible Also on the platform to pay honor to Alumni Association. He acquired an army lege.l ca.reer were abruptly terminated by a Cal Stewart were: Ivan Masclee, chief of of friends along the way and now they lack of funds. the Fairport Fire Department; W. Rob­ are going to repay his friendship. A looal philanthropist once described ert Brown, first assistant chief; Gerald Ranny in these terms: "Ranny al ways stood Emanuel Goldberg has written a fine out above the crowd." Coupled with this con­ Doser, second assistant chief, Mrs. W. column about Ranny Weeks and his notation of height in human dignity ls Robert Brown "Aileen," president of the testimonial in the Jewish Times of Bos­ Ranny's depth ("inner space" as he himself ladies auxiliary, who presented a por­ ton which I herewith submit. often referred to things). He could always trait of Cal to be displayed on the walls THE BANDSTAND OF LIFE: RANNY WEEXS write extremely well and his "Letters to the of the new station; Carlton E. Dewolff RETmEs Editor" in metropolitan media still comm.and respect. I suspect they'll revitalize at Cape and Peter P. Romeo of Dewolff Asso­ (By Emanuel Goldberg) Cod. Ranny comprehends instantly, and ciates, architects of the new station; and The human equation is an enigmatic as suffers long before he condemns the frail· the Reverend Robert J. Winterkorn, any of the crazy concerns that engulf man- ties of others. He'd rather blame himself. June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19747

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL WORTH INCOME FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1971 icance of the past; ho-wever, this same OF CONGRESSMAN ROMANO L. Income citizenry glow with a feeling of delight MAZZO LI Interest: at the present. They are especially proud Lincoln Federal Savings and of the Greeneville High School Band and Loan Association ______$121. 59 the Band Boosters Club who have worked Liberty National Bank & Trust HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI 184. 82 so hard to make a dream come true. Co. ------The school is fortunate to have as band OF KENTUCKY Americanance ca ______United Life Insur- _ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 19.32 director, Mr. Gene Proffitt, a native of Kentucky State Retirement Elizabethton in Carter County, Tenn. He Monday, June 5, 1972 System ------4.69 has served as director in Greeneville Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, today I since 1960. Mr. Proffitt received his de­ 330.42 grees at East Tennessee State University am placing into the RECORD a complete Law practice: statement of my :financial worth as of De­ in Johnson City and at the University of Income------2,265.00 Tennessee at Knoxville. cember 31, 1971. This statement includes Expenses------2,926.61 a listing of all assets which are held in Many honors have come to the band my name individually or which are held (661.61) during Mr. Proffitt's directorship. The jointly with my wife, as well as all assets band has appeared locally at Armed which are held by my wife in her individ­ U.S. House of Representatives: Forces Day, Law Day, Shrine functions, ual name. Salary------38,722.00 political rallies, dedication exercises and I have also included a statement of Grossincome ______38,390.89 has marched in numerous parades' and our income, from all sources, for calendar festivals. year 1971, as developed from our income Expenses The group has already traveled exten­ tax return for that year. U.S. House of Representatives: sively both nationally and internation­ Congressional Expenses Allow- ally. It represented the State of Tennes­ I intend to place a full :financial dis­ able as Deductions______8, 732. 73 closure into the RECORD for each year see and the Tennessee Lions Club in the Miscellaneous Deductions and 1964 Lions International Convention in that it is my honor to serve in the Con­ Exemptions ------5, 452. 99 gress of the United States. Toronto, Canada; it appeared on national The statement of :finances is as follows: 14,185.72 television at the Sugar Bowl in New Or­ leans; it participated in the Memphis STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION Total taxable income ____ 24,205. 17 Cotton Carnival in 1967 and again in Romano L. and Helen D. Mazzoli, 1969, and it has been runner-up twice in December 31, 1971 the University of Tennessee Marching Cash on deposit: Band Festival. Lincoln Federal Savings and Loan Association, account GREENEVILLE, TENN., HIGH SCHOOL Much credit should also go to Danny No. 37339------$3, 196.33 BAND TO TOUR EUROPE Treadway, assistant band director, and Liberty National Bank & Ralph Lister, who is currently serving Trust Co., account No. 09- as president of the Band Boosters Club. 013390 ------6,067.30 These two young men have greatly as­ Liberty National Bank & HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN sisted Mr. Proffitt in coordinating ar­ Trust Co., account No. 08- OF TENNESSEE rangements for this trip. 33-816-7 ------453.62 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Needless to say, I am extremely proud Liberty Nation.a.I Bank & Trust Co., account No. 08- Monday, June 5, 1972 of the Greenville High School Band and 33-817-5 ------100.00 the Band Boosters Club. All 181 mem­ American 'Lnited Life Insur- Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, this week bers of these two organizations are to ance Co., policy No. the Greeneville High School Band and be commended and I want to take this op­ 1116312 ------65.26 the Band Boosters Club of Greeneville, portunity to wish each and every one American United Lile Insur- Tenn., in my district, will embark on a of them well on this memorable journey. ance Co., policy No. 2-week tour of Europe where they will The complete itinerary is as follows: 1011729 ------459.14 visit six countries. Concerts by the band June 5, Knoxville, Tenn., to Amsterdam. Securities, Stock, and Bonds: have been scheduled in Germany, Aus­ U.S. Government bonds, series June 6, Amsterdam. tria, and Switzerland. June 7, Amsterdam. E ------722.77 Real Property: I consider these fine young people and June 8, Amsterdam to Duisburg (concert). Residential: their sponsors "touring goodwill ambas­ June 9, Duisburg to Bonn. House (Loulsvllle) : Assess- sadors," and I know they will do an out­ June 10, Bonn to Seigburg (concert). ed value______18, 860. 00 standing job wherever they go. June 11, Bonn/Rhine Cruise/Rudeshelm.. Less: Mortgage, Portland Greeneville has a population of 15,000 June 12, Rudesheim (concert--Bingen). Federal Savings and June 13, Rudesheim to Heidelberg. and is located in beautiful east Tennes­ June 14, Heidelberg to Rothenberg. Loan------12,295.03 see. In the many years of growth and June 15, Rothenberg to Innsbruck (con- development of this thriving and pro­ cert). Equity ------6,564.97 gressive city, one of the most illustrious June 16, InilJSbruck to Lucerne. Commerctal or investment __ _ citizens to come out of Greeneville was June 17, Lucerne ( concert-Surcee). Household goods and miscel- Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the June 18, Lucerne to Paris. laneous personalty (es- United States. Last month's issue of June 19, Paris. timated) ------­ 4,500.00 June 20, Paris to Brussels to Knoxville. Cash surrender value of life in­ Reader's Digest recognized Andrew surance policies: Johnson and cited Greeneville as being a American United Life Insur­ unique, historical storehouse of the won­ ance Company, policy No. ders of our heritage. 2,100.00 CONCENTRATED EMPLOYMENT 1011729 ------­ The article states: PROGRAM FOR EX-OFFENDERS American United Life Insur- Andrew Johnson's association with Greene­ ance Company, policy No. ville is today memorialized in the Andrew 1116312 ------­ 170.00 Johnson National Historic Site, a tourist Federal employees retirement complex which includes a museum, a tailor HON. RICHARDSON PREYER system: shop which he operated during his early OF NORTH CAROLINA Contribution to Fund ______3,097.77 manhood, the homestead which includes the Automobile: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1965 Rambler ______house in which he lived from 1851 until 1875, 625.00 and the cemetery on Monument Hill where Monday, June 5, 1972 Law office furniture, equipment, he was buried. and library ______772.00 Mr. PREYER of North Carolina. Mr. Total assets ______28,894.16 The people of Greeneville and east Speaker, I would like to share with my Tennessee take great pride in the signif- colleagues information about a program CXVIII--1245-Part 15 19748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 which has been initiated by the North offenders that is four to five times higher The placement of an offender on a Job Carolina Department of Correction for than that of the public generally. In Phila­ marks the beginning of follow-up services. the North Piedmont Area of the State delphia, for example, Pownall noted that the Research shows that the transition from in­ unemployment rate in 1969 of released pris­ stitution to community generally ls accom­ which is designed to assist prisoners who oners was 15 percent, compared to a three panied by temporary insecurity, trial and are about to be released in finding suita­ percent rate for males generally in the area. error behaviors, and especially intense feel­ ble and worthwhile employment. This For young offenders--those under 20-the ings of hope, discouragement, frustration, program is called a "Concentrated Em­ unemployment figures for ex-offenders may and accomplishment. There are also practi­ ployment Program for Ex-Offenders" well be even greater today than they were cal, mundane problems which present them­ which provides for prerelease training in 1969. selves as well: how to get back and forth to of inmates, job development and place­ The study also revealed that even for ex­ work; and, how to survive until the first ment of releasees, and followup counsel­ offenders who are employed, their income paycheck ls earned for example. The same job was less than that of the public generally, development counselor who assisted the in­ ing services. The businessmen in this and the majority of employed releasees work mate in securing a job continues to provide area of North Carolina are backing this in low paid unskilled or semi-skilled jobs. support in these and related areas for as long program and feel that it is working ex­ The national median monthly income, for as the two men mutually feel that the assist­ tremely well. The program, which was example, in 1964 was $465.58. but for em­ ance is needed. The primary objectives dur­ initiated \.."t-.ol"ough a grant from the Law ployed released prisoners it was $256.00. Even ing this time are to support the ex-offender when ex-offenders work in skilled or semi­ Enforceme~ti Assistance Administration, during the initial period following release skilled jobs they receive less pay than others and ensure that he retains his job. gives these men a chance to rehabilitate who work in related jobs. The national me­ themselves and become productive mem­ Our goal through these means-prepara­ dian for service workers in 1964, for example, tion for work; job development and place­ bers of society. was $338.75, but for ex-offenders it was ment; and, follow-up services-ls the reduc­ Following is a statement by Mr. Gene $267.67; for white collar workers, the na­ tion of the high rate of recidivism of re­ M. Carver, project manager which ex­ tional median was $642.21, but for ex-offen­ leased offenders which currently is reported plains the project in detail, and I want ders it was $379.57. to be in excess of 65 percent. The achieve­ to congratulate and commend Mr. Car­ The Concentrated Employment Program ment of our goal will contribute significantly ver and all of those involved in this for the Ex-Offender seeks to correct these to a reduction in crime for the area, and, in employment inequities by providing services addition, will save taxpayers the expense of project for the excellent work they have to offenders and ex-offenders in three crucial done in promoting this fine program: maintaining an offender in the State Correc­ areas: we prepare the offender for the world tion System-an expense which now totals A STATEMENT FROM MR. GENE M. CARVER, of work while he is still incarcerated; we $7.15 per day exclusive of the tax dollars for PROJECT MANAGER help him find employment commensurate welfare support to the offender's family and In November, 1971 the North Carolina De­ with his ablllty upon his release; and, we the loss of productive income while he is partment of Correction initiated an innova­ lend the necessary assistance after he is re­ incarcerated. tive correctional effort which was designed leased to ensure that he retains his job. We feel that the human and practical as­ to facllitate the reintegration of ex-offend­ The pre-release assistance is essentially an pects of the Concentrated Employment Pro­ ers who were returning to communities in orientation to the world of work which is de­ gram for the Ex-Offender-making produc­ the North Piedmont Area. The effort, a Con­ signed to motivate the offender. The thrust tive citizens of released offenders, while help­ centrated. Employment Program for the Ex­ of staff efforts at our Motivation Center are ing reduce the incidence of crime and correc­ Offender, is unique, both in its focus and in two-fold: we want t9 develop a positive atti­ tional costs-make it the most innovative its aims; furthermore, it represents a signifi­ tude towards work; and, we want to expose challenge to recidivism that has been at­ cant departure from the traditional method the offender to job finding and job keeping tempted anywhere in -North Carolina. of returning an ex-offender to the commu­ skills which will result in easier placement nity in which he lived prior to his incarcera­ for him and longer retention on the job. _ THE COMMUNITY NEWSLETTER tion. First, the offender is tested to measure his The creation of the Concentrated Employ­ Traditionally, an offender who was dis­ individual potential and identify areas of vo­ ment Program for the Ex-Offender is a charged from the Department of Correction cational interest and aptitude. After a thor­ manifestation of the important role the received "fifteen bucks and a new suit of ough assessment of the individual has been social and business communities play in clothes"-that is, if he had served a sentence made, the motivation cycle itself begins. In­ corrections. In keeping with this realization, of two years or more. Those serving sentences cluded in the four-week motivation cycle are the- Concentrated Employment Program for of less than two years receive nothing upon the development of skills which include re­ the Ex-Offender envisiohed a strong need for release. Provided with little or no assistance sume preparation and employment interview a monthly publication to better integrate our upon release, the ex-offender, who has been techniques. In addition, the offender is correctional function into the communities conditioned to a state of dependency while taught good grooming and good work habits; of the North Piedmont. incarcerated, is 1ll equipped to deal with the and, how to take advantage of training op­ This is the first edition of the Community pressures which confront him on the "out­ portunities. Finally, through both individual Newsletter. Hereafter it will be published side". Needless to say, the success rate for and group counseling, the staff begins the each month and will focus on the Concen­ these releases is extremely low; 65 percent process of resoclalizing the offender-a proc­ trated Employment Program for the Ex­ return to prison, often for commlting an­ ess which continues after his release. Offender and its interaction in the com­ other crime. The Concentrated Employment Job development for the offender occurs munities. - Program for the Ex-Offender focuses pri­ while he is at the Motivation Center in order As Ramsey Clark stated in Crime 1n marily on this particular group of releasees. to ensure that the transition from the com­ America: In recognition of the importance of work as pletion of pre-release preparation to release "We know that corrections can rehabil­ a crucial factor in the ex-offender's success­ into the community as a full-time employee itate. We know that the younger the offender ful reintegration into society, the thrust of is smooth. The entire effort is closely coordi­ the better his and society's chance. We know services provided by the Program is directed nated between the Motivation Center staff that when we fall it ls all of us who suffer. toward placing him on a job. _ and job development counselors from High America is a nation with the skills and re­ According to the President's Commission Point, Winston-Salem, and Greensboro, who sources to provide the necessary elements of on Law Enforcement and Administration of meet with the offender at the Motivation rehabllltation: physical and mental health, Justice in order to become a "fully func­ Center after preliminary tests have been all the education a youngster can absorb, vo­ tional adult male, one prerequisite ls essen­ scored and interpreted. With test results tial: a job". "In our society a person's occu­ available the job developers are able to dis­ cational skills for the highest trade he can pation determines more than anything else cuss more realistically and intelligently the master, a calm and orderly environment away what life he will lead and how others will various prospects for employment for the from anxiety and violence, living among peo­ regard him." The Commission's findings were offender. ple who care, who love-with these a boy can supported in the report which was submitted Given an accurate assessment of an of­ begin again. With these we can restore a by the President's Task Force on Prisoner fender's interest and potential, job developers reverence for life, a sense of security and a Rehabilitation in April, 1970. The Task Force can proceed to contact those employers who self-assurR.nce amid all the pressures of said that "satisfying work experience for need workers with skills and aptitudes which modern community life. These attitudes will institutionalized offenders and the assurance match those of their clients. Individual at­ not be developed in a laboratory. They must of decent jobs for released offenders should tention to the employment needs of offend­ be developed in the community itself: first, be at the heart of the correctional process". sometimes, in the prison community but fi­ Although employment is necessary for the ers eliminates the placement of carpenters in dishwashing jobs or cooks in construction nally in the open society in which the in­ successful rehabilitation of released offend­ dividual must make his way by himself." ers, a. study by George A. Pownall for the work. By completing this preliminary work U.S. Department of Labor in 1969 found that while the offender is still in training the job We hope that you will contact us if you ex-offenders have more diffi.culty than other development counselor is able to p'l"ovide the have any questions or comments a.bout the persons in obtaining employment. This is inmate with several job prospects when he Concentrated Employment Program for the refiected in an unemployment rate for former is released. Ex-Offender. June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19749 TERROR AT LOD- What is left to be done is to get all The Fatah radio station in Syria lauded the governments to make the necessary se­ killings in similar vein. Commented Prime ITS INTERNATIONAL MESSAGE Minist er Golda Meir in the Knesset on May curity arrangements and to bring to bear 31, 1972: HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL on such incidents the heavy weight of "As soon as the news of what happened world opinion. I commend to my col­ broke, joy broke out in Cairo and in Beirut OF NEW YORK leagues the following background report over the 'great victory'. Dozens of people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prepared by the Embassy of Israel here were killed and scores of others wounded­ Monday, June 5, 1972 in Washington: and there is no end to the rejoicing. Those 'TERROR AT Lon-ITS INTERNATIONAL MESSAGE who were unable to stand up against us on Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, political the battlefields a.re great heroes at hiding ex­ terrorism in the sky or on the ground 1. The international community has long plosives in planes, at assaults on planes and against innocent civilian passengers is recognized that there are categories of hostile passengers. and in their readiness to blow up behavior that cannot be tolerated and that, a plane with a hundred people aboard-a5 the most repugnant and inhumane be­ in the name of humanity and the universal they did two years ago in the Swissair disas­ havior I know of. It is the kind of act interest must be outlawed. Political warfare ter. This, indeed, takes great 'courage'. And that must be stopped regardless of cost, through terror in the air against civilian car­ if the little 'courage' needed for that is lack­ political sensitivities, inconvenience to riers and passengers is clearly of this cate­ ing, foreigners are recruited for the purpose". passengers, or other obstacles. gory. The carnage perpetrated at Lod Inter­ I am speaking of the repulsive actions national Airport by three terrorists on May CONNIVANCE OF GOVERNMENTS 30, 1972, was an act of premeditated murder. 5. Arab governments carry a grave respon~ of three gunmen armed with automatic It was an indiscriminate killing for killing's sibility for the foul record of murder and rifles and hand grenades, who on May 30, sake. Its victims were innocent civilians, men, maiming of men, women and children al­ 1972, attacked a crowd of 300 people at women and children, most of them Christian luded to by Mrs. Meir in her address. Two Lod International Airport outside Tel pilgrims. It is not a parochial Israeli concern. governments share a particular blame-the Aviv, spraying them with bullets and It is reflective of a new and foul behavior by Egyptian and the Lebanese. For years Cairo :flinging live grenades in their midst. political extremists who take the lives of in­ has given its blessing to the indiscriminate The :floors of the airport's customs hall ternational travelers, employing as their klllings by the terrorist groups as an instru­ were splattered with the limbs of dis­ weapon the vulnerability of mass air travel. ment of its own policies against Israel. Cairo SECURITY NEGLIGENCE is the location of most of the conferences of membered bodies and pools of blood, the terror organizations which are invariably shattered glass, and broken doors. The 2. Violence and murder in the air have greeted by President Sadat. It is a. prime walls were pockmarked with bullet holes. proven to be so contagious as to constitute source of their instruction and it is the Some 25 people, 14 of whom were pil­ now a world problem. Unless checked, it Egyptian regime that grant s the major moral grims from the United States, died in threatens the very fibre of communications and political backing for their exploit s. between states and the orderly transport of It is from the Lebanese capital that the the bloodbath and 76 more were peoples and goods. Governments and airlines wounded. A 3-year-old girl was among air terror and sabotage acts abroad mainly have it in their power to take the long over­ emanate. In Beirut are located the head­ the dead. due steps necessary to guarantee the safety quarters of the main terrorist organizations, The three gunmen were leftwing Jap­ of the international traveling community, on including the Popular Front. Here the travel anese terrorists trained at a Palestinian the ground and in the air. It cannot be done documents and other necessary papers a.re guerrilla center in Lebanon. After firing piecemeal as the most recent Lod tragedy so prepared, and the arms, sabotage materials indiscriminately into the crowd, one of horrifically demonstrated. It is not sufficient and operational commands issued. Training the gunmen shot up two parked planes, for the Israel national airline or the Lod air­ for terrorist operations abroad are also car­ port authorities to take maximum security ried out on Lebanese soil. then accidently blew himself up with a precautions if airline and airport authorities hand grenade. A second was killed by bul­ 6. The international community has the elsewhere permit passengers to board aircraft means, were it but willing to use them, to lets fired by his comrades and the third concealing automatic rifles and grenades to convince such governments of the inad­ was captured alive after unsuccessfully murder scores of innocent people on landing missability of their behavior. Certainly, it trying to blow up a plane. in Israel. To do so is negligance bordering on requires far more concrete steps than half­ The Marxist Popular Front for the the criminal. Air France, the particular air­ measures and declarations by official, inter­ Liberation of Palestine, the group which line involved in the recent Lod tragedy, is not national and private agencies. Tangible ac­ alone, however. Siinila.r conditions of negli­ tions are needed including measures extend­ claimed credit for the massacre, said it gence prevail at most international airports was in retaliation for the killing of two ing, if necessary, to abstention from the use and on most carriers as the universal spread of certain airports and airlines. Arab guerrillas in a hijacking earlier in of violence in the air proves. It is in the Arab capitals that the murder­ May. Regardless of motive, these sense­ 3. If sanity is to be restored to traffic in ous plots are hatched. They have to be made less acts of violence can serve no purpose. the air it requires the urgent and forceful to understand that their connivance in air All governments with airlines entering action of both air carriers and governments terror warfare constitutes a crime against Israel must immediately take steps to in­ working in concert. It requires stringent the world community. standards of security even if this inconven­ sure the safety of people. This means not iences passengers. This is the minimal price TWO NECESSARY STEPS only searching baggage, screening peo­ for saving lives. No less important than the 7. Arab terror against Israel is n ot new. It ple, and policing aircraft while in Israel, thorough searching of baggage and of per­ was a. phenomenon of the pre-State era, it but also taking these steps at all points sons, the screening of suspect individuals served as the overture to the invasion of along the way. If the terrorists' baggage and the policing of aircraft in the air are the Arab armies in 1948, and it was tried by had been checked in Rome where the steps called for on the part of the interna­ Egypt in the 1950's and again by Syria in gunmen boarded an Air France airline, tional community on the political level. the early sixties. Militarily, it is of no sig­ FOREIGN AGENTS nificance, as the attempted terror campaign over 100 innocent people would not be following the '67 war has proven. That cam­ dead or wounded today. 4. In the case of the murderous attack at paign dwindled to impotence in the past two The Embassy of Israel has issued a Lod Airport on May 30, 1972, the perpetrators yea.rs due, not a little, to the refusal of th~ policy backgrounder interpreting the were three Japanese terrorists. They did not Arab inhabitants of the areas administered international meaning of these horren­ act on their own behalf. Their horrendous by Israel to become party to it. What is left, dous acts. The embassy rightly states that mission was in the service of the Beirut­ is the sporadic criminal acts of Arab ex­ ba.sed terrorist group calUng itself "The tremists bent on killing innocent civilians governments and airlines must immedi­ Popular Front for the Liberation of Pal­ ately take the long overdue steps neces­ for its own sake, and in hijacking aircraft to estine". Members of this group claim respon­ win the release of other terrorists to swell sary to guarantee the safety of airline sibility for previous terror acts in the air, their ranks. They are international outlaws. passengers. It is not sufficient for the but now they are reduced, evidently, to "lib­ Two major international efforts are required eration by proxy", employing foreign agents Rome airport officials to blame the to eliininate them. National governments French airline officials and the French for their killings. Within the hour, the Popu­ lar Front issued its communique in Beirut must take the drastic and cooperative steps airline officials to deny negligence. Addi­ claiming credit for the organization of the necessary to reduce to the minimum the tionally, the Arab world carries the re­ murder. Radio Cairo and the two major threat to international air passenger traffic. sponsibility. Cairo has allowed the ter­ Cairo dallies, "Al Ahram" and "Al-Goum­ And Arab governments must be brought to rorist organizations to freely thrive. huria" characterized the action as "a. bril­ the realization that their collaboration with Beirut has furnished the arms, materials, liant surprise feat" and. as "the beginnings air terrorism carries a. too heavy international and passports. of the fedayeen uprising marking June 5". price tag. 19750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 U.S. ASSESSMENTS TO U.N. meetings-with all the world watching the cent limitation on U.S. contributions, the results of Mr. Rooney's handiwork. House has reduced the authorized sum to be And an ugly handiwork it is. The U.N. appropriated this year for the U.N. and most would not have money to pay salaries or ex­ of its specialized agencies (the World Health HON. DONALD M. FRASER penses and would have to borrow in order to Organization, the Food and Agriculture Or­ OF MINNESOTA operate. But without any hope of a full con­ ganization, etc.) by some $25,00-0 ,000. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tribution from the United States, there would "Much has been said and written by offi­ be little likelihood that there would ever be cials of the Executive and Legislative Monday, June 5, 1972 any money to pay the loan ... a position that branches of the Government," Mr. Rooney's Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the House even the kindliest neighborhood finance report declares, "relative to the necessity for company would find it hard to smile upon. reductions in our contributions to these in­ Appropriations Committee reported out Thus, Mr. Rooney has treated the United ternational organizations but to date little the State Department appropriation bill Nations, our international obligations and has been accomplished. This recommended with a unilateral reduction of our legal­ our international credit with the same dis­ reduction serves notice that the Congress ly assessed contribution to the United dain he usually reserves for Directors of the means what it has been saying in this re­ Nations and its affiliated agencies. It United States Information Agency, Assistant gard." The reference in Mr. Rooney's report started in motion a dangerous process Secretaries of State and Assistant Attorneys to what has been said and written about "the which can place this country at the top General. necessity" of reductions in U.S. contributions When the Rooney mace is wielded in family to the U.N. system is suggestive. Therein lies of the list of nations which disregard in­ squabbles between the legislative and the a story, the essentials of which are these. ternational treaty obligations by default­ executive branches of the government, how­ A year ago, the President's Commission for ing in their payment of dues to interna­ ever, all that suffer are the dignity of the the Observance of the Twenty-Fifth Anni­ tional organizations. governmental process in this country, some versary of the United Nations (the "Lodge On May 18, the House voted down an important programs and the egos of some o! Commission'') recommended that the U.S. amendment offered by the gentleman the men the President has asked to help him affirm its intention to maintain and increase from Illinois (Mr. DERWINSKI) ' which do a job. But when the Rooney treatment is its total contributions to the U.N., but that turned to violating our treaty obligations and it seek ·•over a period of years to reduce its would have restored the cuts made by will serve to humiliate the country in the the Appropriations Committee. Last current contribution of 31.52 percent to the eyes of the rest of the world, it becomes a assessed regular budget of the Organization week the Senate Appropriations Com­ bit hard to determine how this President, or so that eventually its share will not exceed mittee reported a State Department ap­ any other, is going to be successful in bring­ 25 percent." As U.S. obligatory assessments propriations bill that would limit the U.S. ing off a "generation of peace." Such a dream decline, U.S. voluntary contributions would contribution to 25 percent of the U.N. must encompass a notion of world order and rise. The apparent rationale of this recom­ budget after January 1, 1973. All of these adult behavior by all nations, particularly mendation was to reduce somewhat the dis­ the one that prides itself on being the most parity between U.N. voting power and U.N. actions ignore the procedure for U.N. as­ powerful nation in the world. sessments that this country accepted assessments---assessments based essentially Moreover, it would ill serve the cause o! on the relative capacity of members to pay. when it became r. member of the U.N. peace or the international standing of the This recommendation was one of the few These actions also undermine the Presi­ United States to argue that since France and of the Presidential Commission which the dent's policy of obtaining a 25-percent the Soviet Union began to renege first, we President took up-at lea.st in part. In his limitation through negotiations with the are justified, after the vote admitting China "State of the World" message, Mr. Nixon de­ U.N., a goal which might be reached by and the Tanzanian dance in the aisle, to clared that the Administraition's policy January 1, 1974. behave like a pitiful helpless child, picking would be "to negotiate with other U.N. mem­ up our marbles and running for home. The ber states" a reduction in assessments on Two recent items from the Washing­ rest of the world expects more from us and ton Post point out the perils of these il­ the U.S. to the level of 25 percent. But the we have a right to expect more of ourselves. President cautioned: "In view of the U.N.'s legal unilateral actions. Both articles Both the White House and the Depart­ current financial difficulties, and of the re­ were written after the House vote on ment of State have protested the move. The quirements of international law, we must May 18, and both call upon the Senate President has stated that he believes that proceed in an orderly way in reaching this to respect our international obligation to ultimately our aim should be to reduce our goal. It is unrealistic to expect that it can be pay. Mr. Stephen M. Schwebel, in "Con­ contribution to 25 per cent through orderly done immediaJtely." The President according­ multilateral negotiations and the processes ly recognized that a U.N. reduction in U.S. gress vs. International Law" expresses of the United Nations-according to our the hope that: assessments would, in view of the "require­ treaty commitments. That makes a great ments of international law," have to be nego­ . . . the President of the United States deal more sense than the Rooney meat axe. tiated multilaterally, not imposed unilater­ will exert his full and sustained influence in It is to be hoped that when the bill gets ally. And he implied that the negotiation favor of the United States meeting its inter­ to the Senate, our international obligations, would take time-which was putting it national commitments. the views of the President and those of the mildly indeed. Secretary of State wlll be treated with the We have reached the paint at which intelligence that they and our national honor Those familiar with the U.N. scene were the Senate vote may make the difference deserve. aware that, in terms of political realities, U.S. assessments could only be reduced by between honoring our obligation to pay the payment of dues of new members; that our dues or driving the U.N. into total fi­ [From the Washington Post, May 25, 1972) the prospective new members rich enough to nancial collapse this year. Full White CONGRESS VERSUS INTERNATIONAL LAW pay something significant are the two Ger­ House support for our legal obligations (By Stephen M. Schwebel) m.antes, whose admission-with the ratifica­ to the U .N. is, indeed, required. (The writer is professor of international tion of the Ostpolitik treaties-is foreseen in I include Mr. Schwebel's article and law at the School of Advanced International 1973; and that a.bout three quarters of their the Washington Post editorial "A Meat Studies of the Johns Hopkins University.) contributions would have to be earmarked Axe in International Affairs," both dated To the apparent surprise of the State De­ for the reduction of assessments upon the May 25, in the RECORD: partment and the unconcealed anguish of United States i! the percentage paid by it the United Nations, Congressman John J. were to sink to 25 percent. (From the Washington Post, May 24, 1972} Rooney has extended the reach of his finan­ However, there is little reason to suppose A MEAT AXE IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAmS cial squeeze upon the International Labor Or­ that all other members of the U.N., or even Elsewhere on this page today, Stephen M. ganization to embrace the whole U.N. system. all the developed non-Communist coun­ Schwebel discusses the legal implications of A bill he has steered through the House of tries, would forego the great bulk of all the last week's House vote to cut back unilater­ Representatives, if accepted by the Senate, reductions to which they would be entitled ally on U.S. financial obligations to the will appropriate about $151,000,000 to meet by reason of the admission of the Germanies U.N.-an action inspired and led by Con­ the American financial "obligations of mem­ in order to please the United States. This is gressman Rooney of New York. The net effect bership" in the international organizations especially true in the face of the fact that of this vote-if it is upheld by the Senate­ to which we belong-"Provided, that no pay­ the U.S. continues to earn more than 30 per­ would be simple. It would reduce the United ment shall be made . . . to the United Na­ cent of the national income o! the total U.N. States payment from $60.1 million to $46.9 tions or any affiliated agency in excess of 25 membership. While in the next few years, the million. According to knowledgeable analysts, percentum of the total annual assessment U.S. should, by reason o'f its normal share o! the U.N., with a full contribution from the of such organization ... " the contributions which the addition of Ger­ United States, would end up on December 31 The blll, in other words, recognizes that man membership should bring, benefit by a with only $1.9 million in the bank and noth­ the U.S. government is bound to meet certain reduction in assessments to 28 to 29 percent, ing in reserve. Opera.ting with the diminished obligations "pursuant to treaties," but it it is doubtful that the deftest of diplomacy U.S. contribution it would run out of money then proceeds to set an arbitrary limit on could succeed in extracting 25 percent. And, sometime in the third week of October-just the extent to which such obligations shall if it did, the U.S. would doubtless pay more in the early stages o! the General Assembly be met. As a result of this prospective 25 per quid in the process than that trivial, addi- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19751 tional U.N. quo of about $6,500,000 a year Yorkers know of this fine record, as dis­ The attempt to assassinate Gov. would be worth. trict attorney, as president of the New George C. Wallace of Alabama has re­ Mr. Rooney, perhaps perceiving all this, York City Council, and now as a State vived talk of enacting additional Federal has in any event proceeded not in what the President describes as an "orderly way", but supreme court judge. firearms controls. While new means of in his own disorderly way, in contempt both Because of the timeliness of this book handling this problem must be explored, of international law and the international and in view of the expertise of its author. more than ever we must approach each credit of the United States. The House sus­ I enthusiastically commend this book to recommended solution with careful study tained him, as it has since 1970 in his finan­ those who are seeking elective office. Mr. and restraint to prevent the enactment cial assaults on the I.L.O. The I.L.O. experi­ Hurley's insights as well as his :first­ of confiscatory legislation which, if ence, incidentally, demonstrates that the hand analysis of issues and political enacted in haste and under the pressure U.N. systems' vulnerability to U.S. financial events, make this book must reading. of hysteria, could well cause more harm irresponsibility will not be much moderated by a reduction of U.S. assessments to 25 per Mr. Speaker, I insert into the RECORD, than good to the general public we would cent. For unlike all other U.N. agencies, the at this time, a brief publishers sketch of be trying to protect. I.L.O. has traditionally assessed and today "The Last Poor Man" and its author Ed Governor Wallace was shot and assesses the United States at 25 per cent. Hurley: wounded by a supposedly demented man The international law of the matter is be­ "THE LAST POOR MAN" who trailed him through a half dozen yond dispute. The U.N. Charter, and com­ "The Last Poor Man" tunes in on television States by automobile before firing a shot parable clauses of the constitutions of the as the most powerful weapon in a modern po­ from a pistol. There has been no talk specialized agencies, provide that the ex­ litical candidate's arsenal. The medium's about setting up better mental health penses of the Organization "shall"-not enormous expense, the biggest drain on the "may" but "shall"-be borne by the mem­ campaign treasury, is making public office facilities or detection techniques to iden­ bers "as apportioned by the General Assem­ the millionaires' play toy. tify the mentally disturbed. There has bly" (not as apportioned by the Congress of Frank O'Connor, titular leader of New been no talk of enacting more stringent the United States). When the extent of this York State's Democratic Party, has felt this laws against the use of firearms in the obligation was argued before the Interna­ sting several times. Simply speaking, O'Con­ commission of a felony or even the use of tional Court of Justice in its advisory pro­ nor has experienced the frustration of not motor vehicles to perpetrate a crime, nor ceedings on Certain Expenses of the United being able to compete financially-commer­ have the courts vigorously applied laws Nations the U.S. maintained that: " ... the cial for commercial-with the Empire State's enacted in 1970 by the Congress which General Assembly's adoption and apportion­ wealthy families in the quest for public office. ment of the Organization's expenses create a "The Last Poor Man" examines bossism, the require certain mandatory sentences of binding international legal obligation on the shabby Democratic Party version and the persons convicted of a felony where a part of States Members to pay their assessed high-tone Republican Party style. The book firearm was involved. All of these fac­ shares." The Court agreed. explores, from firsthand knowledge, the tors, it would appear upon cool consider­ To be sure, the Soviet bloc, urged on by brawls of precinct politics and the lofty­ ation, are fully as important as any rush de Gaulle, &>tuck with France in spurning and not so lofty-campaigns for high office. to legislate against handguns and per­ the Court's advice and the General Assem­ The limitation of these positions of "honor bly's acceptance of it. The Assembly turned haps even more so. and trust" to the select few millionaire dy­ The present administration has con­ out to lack the guts to apply the Charter's nasties can become the tragedy of our democ­ mandatory provision for suspension of vot­ racy. Laws regulating campaign expenditures sistently taken the position that gun con­ ing rights of financial delinquents-a deci­ and contributions have become shams, ig­ trol is essentially a matter of State regu­ sion, or lack of decision, whose vultures are nored and freely violated. lation. This is logical under the long­ now coming home to roost. "The Last Poor Man" concludes with a standing theory of law that the police But it is not certain that, this time, the breezy peek into the future and a compelling power is reserved to the individual States, U.S. Senate will defer to Congressman question directed at you. A question-indeed because a law which is good for one State Rooney's leadership of the House. Hopefully, a challenge-that cannot for long be ignored. the Senate, which has talked much of late may not be good for another. Insofar as gun laws are concerned, the Federal of respect for international law, will not THE AUTHOR swallow wholesale violations of treaties to Government should at most back up the which it has given its advice and consent. Ed Hurley's special view of New York poli­ States, where possible in such a way as to And hopefully, this time, the President of tics and its colorful characters comes from opposite angles. He has witnessed major po­ enable them to enforce their own laws the United States will exert his full and sus­ which are best fitted to their own condi­ tained influence in favor of the United States litical events from the vantage point of the meeting its international commitments. press section. tions. This is a traditional realistic Hurley has also sat in council in the famous American way of thinking. smoke-filled rooms of the Regular and Re­ It should be of interest to Viflginians form Democrats. He has visited their Re­ and to the rest of the Nation that the publican counterparts in posh, air-condi­ suspect in the Wallace shooting commit­ "THE LAST POOR MAN": ED HURLEY tioned splendor. A privilege not granted to AUTHORS A REMARKABLE BOOK many, especially newspapermen. ted the crime exactly 7 weeks to the day ON NEW YORK CITY POLITICS Hurley's political columns and special after a new, restrictive Maryland hand­ features for the New York Daily News have gun control law took effect. That law been saluted throughout the Empire State. would have been sufficient to stop him in HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN The author has campaigned in the election advance if anyone had sought to invoke OF NEW YORK districts of New York City's five boroughs it. Unfortunately, no one did, although and toured the country in Air Force One with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the suspect had been under surveillance President John F. Kennedy. Hurley cam­ by law enforcement officers repeatedly Monday, June 5, 1972 paigned for JFK in 1952 "before it became fashionable." He has also worked in the po­ during the weeks preceding the Wallace Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, one of litical ventures of Bob Kennedy, Adlai Stev­ shooting. Under the "st.JP and frisk" pro­ the most provocative and powerful books enson, Bob Wagner and a score of congres­ vision of the Maryland law, officers could on the political scene today is Ed Hur­ sional figures. have searched the suspect at any time if ley's "The Last Poor Man." This book his conduct or appearance caused them brilliantly desc1ibes the political reali­ to believe that he was carrying a firearm ties facing those who seek elective of­ GUN CONTROL with unlawful intent. fice on the precinct level or who harbor The new Maryland law is in fact one of dreams for State and national office. Mr. the strongest in the Nation. It is as Hurley is a highly respected writer for HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL strong, if not stronger, than any Federal the New York Daily News and for years OF vmGINIA firearms law which has a possibility of his political observations have enlight­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enactment and application under such ened countless readers. Monday, June 5, 1972 circumstances. How can there be any law This publication is of particular im­ much stronger than one which permits portance to those of us in Queens, N.Y., Mr. BROYlllLL of Virginia. Mr. citizens to be searched on mere police because we are all familiar with Frank Speaker, we all agree something should suspicion? There was indeed opposition O'Connor's great abilities and exemplary be done to solve the great problem of pre­ to the Maryland law on grounds that it character as a public servant. I had the venting deranged people and criminals was too strong in this respect and tended distinct privilege of serving with Mr. in the commission of crimes from get­ to violate civil liberties. O'Connor in the State senate and all New ting hold of guns. Some say the answer to this problem 19752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 is to confiscate all guns. However, I have "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my them for employment and a productive, serious problems with this proposition for husband alive or dead?" useful life. The House report to accom­ several reasons. One will suffice: Law­ Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ pany H.R. 8395 defines these basic serv­ abiding American citizens are not in any cally practicing spiritual and mental ices as: mood to surrender their firearms meekly genocide on over 1600 American prison­ (1) comprehensive evaluation, including in these troubled times, to anyone on any ers of war and their families. medical study and diagnosis; pretext. How long? (2) medical, surgical, and hospital care, All probable information indicates that and related therapy to remove or reduce dis­ a majority of the families in the United a.bllity; States own one or more firearms, some­ (3) prosthetic and orthopedic devices; CARROLL M. CRAFI' RETffiES­ (4) counseling or reduce disa.bllity; times as many as a dozen or more. It is ( 5) training services; estimated that there are approximately ALASKA STATE OFFICIAL (6) services in comprehensive or spec1a.1- 50 million privately owned handguns, 1zed rehabllitation facilities, including ad­ alone, in the United States. The vast ma­ HON. NICK BEGICH justment centers; jority of these are owned by good, law­ (7) maintenance and transportation asap· abiding citizens. It mtght well be uncon­ OF ALASKA proprlate during rehabilitation; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (8) tools, equipment, and licenses for work stitutional to deprive them of their prop­ on a job or in establishing a small business; Monday, June 5, 1972 erty without due process. It might well (9) initial stock and supplies, and man­ impinge on their constitutional rights to Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, on July 15, a.gemeillt services and supervision, for small protect themselves, their dear ones and 1972, Mr. Carroll M. "Murph" Craft will businesses including the acquisitton of vend­ their property against criminal hoodlum­ retire as the Alaska State Director of Vo­ ing stands by the Staite agency; ism which has been so rampant in recent (10) reader services for the blind and in­ cational Rehabilitation after 11 years of terpreter services for the deaf; years, not to mention the entirely proper dedicated service to Alaska and 14% "pursuit of happiness" which takes (11) recruitment and training services to years in the rehabilitation field. provide new careers for handicapped people more than 20 million hunters afield every Four years ago, Mr. Craft went before 1n the field of rehabilitation and other pub­ year for the sake of sport. the Council of State Administrators of lic service areas; It is no mere catch-phrase to say that Vocational Rehabilitation with the sug­ (12) the construction or establishment of any law attempting to confiscate private gestion that they establish a minimum rehabilitation facilities; firearms in the United States is likely to (13) the provision of facllities and services allotment of $1 million in funds to the which promd.se to contribute to a group of leave the inevitable residue of guns most­ States for the basic SUPPort program for ly in the hands of criminals and others handicapped people, but which do not relate vocational rehabilitation services. At direotly to the rehabilitation plan of any one who make a habit of failing to comply that time, the Council of State Adminis­ individual; with laws. Homicide and other crime trators made this proposal part of their (14) services to families of handicapped would still exist, under those circum­ program and took it before the National people when <. uc'1 s ,rvices will contribute stances, and conceivably could increase. Rehabilitation Association. This associ­ substantially to the rehabilitation of the The problem of attacks on public fig­ ation also accepted the proposal and this handica.pped client; ures is a very real and acute one, and (15) placement services, including follow­ minimum allotment of $1 million was up services, to assist handicapped individuals Governor Wallace has the deep and sin­ made a part of the Vocational Rehabili­ cere sympathy of all good Americans. to secure and maintain their employment; tation Act. and Yet if there is a solution to such attacks, About 2 years ago, Mr. Craft evaluated (16) other goods and services necessary to it ~ust be far more comprehensive than the program and found that the $1 mil­ render a ha.ndicapped person employable. merely outlawing certain types of guns lion minimum was inadequate for the The purpose of the vocational rehabilita­ or even prohibiting all private firearms less populous States which have a higher tion program is to combine all resources in ownership. per capita income, such as Alaska. He, a coordinated. way, to bring the disabled or Whether there is any way to assist the handicapped person to the best functioning again, went to the Council of State Ad­ level. mentally disturbed and alleviate ·the ministrators and to the National Re­ threat that comes from a few of them habilitation Association for approval of The field of rehabilitation will miss is a huge question in itself. Certainly his proposal that a $2 million minimum "Murph" Craft when he retires on July some answers can be found. Whether be set. 15, but the progress he has brought about there is any way to curb the use of fire­ Recent legislation Delaware, The American people want to get out Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child Nevada, and Wyoming will be able to re­ of Vietnam. The Vietnamese people want asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: ceive basic services to help to prepare us out. And yet we stay, seeking a mili- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19753 tary victory while proclaiming a desire the CDC says the rate could be 2 to 10 tion of vice president of Daylin. He died for peace. times Dr. Allen's estimate. in a tragic airplane crash in 1965, but Inevitably, Americans come to wonder The National Blood Bank Act of 1972 his orphaned daughter, Helene Louise what difference they can make, when should not be interpreted as a condem­ Lum, will attend the Los Angeles dinner their President acts like an absolute nation of all blood bank operations. On to accept for him the Maimonides Laurel monarch and Congress sits on its hands. the contrary, it seeks, in a responsible of the Fund for Higher Education-in In an effort to express their frustra­ manner, to require disreputable opera­ Israel. tion, to express their opposition to the tors to adhere to the same standards fol­ Also to be honored with him, and to policies being pursued by the President, lowed by conscientious blood banks in receive the Maimonides Laurel, will be 203 students at Northwestern University this country. four senior executives, all pharmacists in Evanston, m., committed themselves Mr. Speaker, I believe we are indebted who worked with Peter Lum. They are to a hunger strike- They have asked other to our colleague, Mr. VEYSEY, for intro­ Gary E. Parks, corporate vice president; Americans who ~hare their strong feel­ ducing legislation that hopefully will lead Sol Goldsmith, president of Hospital ings to join them in this expression of op­ to congressional scrutiiny of blook bank­ Pharmacies, Inc.; Harold Heldfond, pres­ position and of "Personal commitment. ing. I urge our committee to move on this ident of Daylin Medical & Surgical, Inc.; Mr. Speaker., J. hope and pray that such legislation before we run out of time in and Francois D . ."Bo" Studer, president hunger strikes need not last too much this Congress. of Studer Wholesale Drugs. longer. The eonscience of the Nation In addition, a memorial plaque at the cannot starve lor much longer and still Peter Lum Lounge when completed will remain alive. carry the names of the Daylin founders DAYLIN, INC. HONORS THE FUND who planned the memorial, Amnon Bar­ FOR HIGHER EDUCATION-IN ness, chairman of the board; Max Can­ ISRAEL diotty, president; and Dave Finkle, chair­ NATIONAL l:SLOOD BANK ACT man of the executive committee. The OF 1972 HON. THOMAS M. REES plaque will list a total of some 75 friends and associates of Peter Lum still active OF CALIFORNIA with Daylin. HON. FRANK HORTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Brandeis University will be the recip­ OF NEW YORK Monday, June 5, 1972 ient of funds to establish the Yearbook Room in the Student Union Building at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, an American company which has concerned itself with the university. The room will be named Monday, June 5, 1972 matters of social responsibility for most for Alvin M. Levin, Secretary of Daylin, Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, today I of its corporate life has undertaken a Inc. who will also receive the Maimonides have sponsored legislation to deal force­ unique project which I wish to call to Award. fully with the purity and safety of the the attention of the House. Establishment of the George and Nation's blood supply. The National The company, Daylin, Inc., with head­ Dorothe Swerdlow Mathematics Build­ Blood Bank Act of 1972, authored by our quarters in my district in Beverly Hills, ing in the Center for Theoretical Studies colleague from California Tel Aviv University will be the third would establish a Federal program to en­ ness throughout the United States. This result of the June 25 dinner. George courage voluntary blood donation and forward-looking company has lent its Swerdlow is president of Western Big require that all blood banks be licensed name and prestige to the Fund for Wheel, a Daylin company, engaged in and inspected by the Federal Govern­ Higher Education-in Israel-to support sale of automotive supplies through dis­ ment. a tri-university dinner which will be held count stores. Mr. Swerdlow and his wife, These steps would drastically reduce on June 25, 1972, at the Beverly Hilton Dorothe, have been very active and their the incidence of serum hepatitis by get­ Hotel in Beverly Hills. philanthropic gifts have helped many ting at the primary source of this insidi­ The uniqueness of this undertaking enterprises. Mr. Swerdlow will receive ous disease: the paid blood donor. There is that it will raise funds for projects at the Flame of Truth Award. is ample evidence that the risk of con­ the University of Southern California in The Fund for Higher Education-in tracting hepatitis from the blood of paid Los Angeles, Brandeis University in Walt­ Israel-which was first launched some donors is far greater than the risk from ham, Mass., and Tel Aviv University in 18 months ago, now has under construc­ blood donated voluntarily. I understand Tel Aviv, Israel. To the best of my recol­ tion five buildings in Israel has commit­ the risk estimates range from at least lection this is the first time in the his­ ments for the three others to which I 11 times greater to as high as 70 times tory of academic fundraising that an ef­ have referred, as well as a fourth project greater. According to the Department of fort has been made simulaneously on be­ soon to get underway, the Georges A. Health, Education, and Welfare's Center half of more than one university at a Hanzi Experimental Surgery Institute at for Disease Control-CDC-52,583 cases single function. Tel Hashomer Hospital, affiliated with of serum hepatitis were reported in 1970 But then, the Fund for Higher Educa­ Tel Aviv University. alone. Given these statistics, it is alarm­ tion-in Israel--stands out as different The fund received its impetus from ing to think that only seven States license in other important ways. Although it has the founders of Daylin and has attracted blood banks and only five inspect them. that parenthetical phrase "in Israel" as a prestigious board of advisers which in­ The Federal Government has been part of its very name, the fund aims its cludes Dr. Albert B. Sabin, discoverer of equally negligent. philanthropy not only at America's the Sabin oral polio vaccine and head The dangers of bad blood have come all stanch ally in the Middle East, the State of the Weizmann Institute of Science; too close to home for me. Recently, one of Israel, but also at American institu­ Alexander Goldberg, president of Tech­ of my closest friends suffered a serious tions as well. nion; Prof. William Haber, adviser to coronary attack and had to undergo a For lending their efforts to the fund­ the executive officers of the University major heart operation. Little did he know raising activities for this educationally of Michigan; Dr. Joseph J. Schwartz, that the routine transfusions he required enriching purpose, a distinguished group renowned American Jewish communal would prove as risky as this most delicate of Daylin executives are being honored, leader and scholar; Dr. George S. Wise, surgery. He contracted serum hepatitis one of them posthumously. chancellor of Tel Aviv University; and from contaminated blood. The Fund for Higher Education-in the Honorable Aviad Yafeh, member of My friend survived, but one out of ev­ Israel-will establish the Peter Lum the Knesset, Israel's parliament. ery 150 transfusion patients over age 40 Lounge to serve students and faculty at Daylin, Inc., its founders-Messrs. does not. Dr. J. Garrott Allen, probably the new pharmaceutical science center Barness, Candiotty, and Finkle-and the the Nation's most eminent expert on the at the University of Southern California. Fund for Higher Education-in Israel­ blood problem, has estimated 3,500 deaths Pete: Lum was the first pharmacist hired are to be commended for their foresight, and 50,000 illnesses a year from serum by Daylin. The son of Chinese immi­ their philanthropic eiforts and goals. hepatitis. Because so many serum hepa­ grants, he had grown with the company They are a credit to American ingenuity titis cases go unreported by physicians, to become the first man to hold the posi- and enterprise. 19754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS of those who benefit from black involvement cause infiation. This would include more ef­ PRESENTS THE BLACK DECLARA­ in the political process. Therefore, the Con­ fective enforcement of the anti-trust laws, TION OF INDEPENDENCE AND THE gressional Black Caucus calls on the National a comprehensive program of consumer edu­ · Democratic Party, as the Party whose vic­ cation, and Federal product testing and BLACK BILL OF RIGHTS tories have always depended upon black quality rating. votes, to take immediate steps to rectify the B. Guaranteed annual income harsh conditions under which black citizens HON. LOUIS STOKES are forced to live. By now it is almost commonplace, if not cliche, to state that the present welfare sys­ OF OHIO The new political mood permeating Black America makes it impressive that the Demo­ tem is inadequate and inequitable. We urge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cratic Party address itself to the hopes, that: Monday, June 5, 1972 aspirations, concerns and rights of black ( 1) The present system be replaced by a Americans--if that Party expects to con­ guaranteed annual income system. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, on June 1, tinue to receive the support of black voters. (2) The Democratic Party oppose any wel­ 1972, the Congressional Black Caucus Benevolence and paternalism are unaccept­ fare "reform" program which fails to es­ announced its preparation of the black able and wlll not be tolerated. The torch has tablish a one-year timetable for reaching a. passed to a new generation of blacks who guaranteed adequate income system of a declaration of independence and the minimum of $6,500 a year for a family of black bill of rights. It was an historic no longer accommodate but confront; who no longer plead but demand; who no longer four. moment and one which, we hope, will submit but fight. (3) The Democratic Party oppose any pu­ have positive repercussions throughout nitive "workfare" requirement legislation. the American political system. THE BLACK DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE II. FOREIGN POLICY The preamble to the black declaration "We have no permanent friends, no perma­ Black Americans, like all Americans, have of independence states: nent enemies--just permanent interests."­ a right to peace. If our right to peace and The Congression'al Black Caucus calls on Rep. William "Bill" Clay. the right of black people on the continent of the National Democratic Party, as the Party We, the Members of the Congressional Africa to freedom and oppression are to be whose victories have always depended upon Black Caucus, being the highest elected black realized, the New Democratic Administration black votes, to take immediate steps to officials in the United States, responding to a must bring an immediate and definite end rectify the harsh conditions under which mandate from millions of black Americans, to the war in Indochina and withdraw all black citizens are forced to live. and in conjunction with thousands of rep­ support of colonialist or neo-colonialist resentatives from our national constituency, forces on the continent of Africa. We feel that the Democratic Party do hereby demand that the following Black A. End the war would take long strides toward this goal Bill of Rights be implemented immediately, by adopting our minimum demands, as to create a society which is truly founded The New Democratic Administration must upon the principles of freedom, justice, and terminate all military activities in Southeast set forth in the 12 articles of the black Asia immediately, concomitant with an im­ bill of rights. full equality. We insist that the Democratic Party, in mediate withdrawal of all American land, The black bill of rights' articles con­ its official pronouncements and policies, and sea and air forces. cern jobs and income; foreign policy; at its national political convention, dedicate B. Support African liberation education; housing and urban problems; itself to the doctrine that no American shall Implementation of a New Democratic Ad­ health; minority enterprise; drugs; penal be denied the fundamental right to be equal. ministration Foreign Polley of support for reform; Democratic administration Black Americans are no longer petitioning the liberation of black people of Africa appointments; justice and civil rights; !or equal treatment, but are demanding from should be reflected in: self-determination for the District of the Democratic Party and its Presidential ( 1) An increase in American aid to black Columbia; and the military. nominee a full, honest and unequivocal com­ African nations from 8.5 of our foreign aid mitment to equality-in words, deeds, and to 20% for a period of five years. This document was prepared and will most importantly, results. ( 2) An immediate halt to the purchase of be presented to the National Democratic If Black Americans are to achieve equality chromium ore from Southern Rhodesia. Party, at the request of the millions of in this country, the Democratic Party must (3) The immediate transfer of our sugar poor, disadvantaged, and minority Amer­ create the machinery to realize and to im­ quota arrangement from the Republic of icans who look to the Congressional plement the Black Bill of Rights. South Africa to a majority-ruled state in Black Caucus for leadership. It was com­ South Africa. (4) The withdrawal of all support from piled after a year of intense hearings, THE BLACK BILL OF RIGHTS Portugal in terms of loans and grants and meetings and conferences with hundreds "It's not the man it's the plan; as a member of NATO. of thousands of our nationwide constit­ It's not the rap it's the map"--Ossie Davis. (5) The withdrawal of all economic or po­ uency. I. JOBS AND INCOME lltlcal support from Africa countries that I urge my colleagues in this Chamber If the right to live is to be assured for practice suppression and perpetuate inequal­ to review this document which we hope blacks and other citizens, the new Demo­ ity and apartheid. will have the strong support of every cratic Administration must establish a full (6) The discouragement of prlva.te Amer­ Democratic Member of this body and employment program and replace the present ican investment in South Africa and the welfare system with a guaranteed annual closing of all U.S. government financed or that you will join with us in this endeavor income system. contracted facillties, including the U.S. Em­ to enrich the quality of life for all Amer­ bassy in the Republic of South Africa. icans. A. Full Employment The preamble, declaration, and bill of The number one priority, in our view, is III. EDUCATION the creation of jobs to alter the present im­ The right to a quality education is as rights follow: balance in the national unemployment rate. fundamental as any in the Bill of Rights. PREAMBLE TO THE BLACK DECLARATION OF Whlle the national unemployment average is America can afford every chlld a quality INDEPENDENCE AND THE BLACK BILL OF about 6 % , Black unemployment is an in­ education. To finance quality education for RIGHTS tolerable 10.6%. Joblessness among Black all, we urge the inclusion of specific tax re­ Millions of black Americans look to the 13 youth has soared to 44 % . Furthermore, in form recommendations in the Democratic black Members of the United States House some cities Black unemployment reaches the Party Platform so that the cost of education of Representatives as their legitimate shocking level of 45 % . These stark statistics will not continually be borne by the poor. spokesmen on national issues. Members of represent millions of struggling Americans The Party's commitment to quality educa­ the Congressional Black Caucus are peti­ who seek employment and do not find it, who tion for blacks and other disadvantaged tioned dally by citizens, living hundreds of want to earn a living and are denied the minorities should reflect itself in platform miles from our Congressional Districts, who opportunity. Confronting what is truly a na­ planks calling for: view us as Congressmen-at-large for Black tional crisis, the Congressional Black Caucus A. Increased appropriations under Title I America. This imposes an awesome burden on calls for: ot the Elementary and Secondary Educa- our shoulders. Large numbers of Black ( 1) The establishment of a national mone­ tion Act. Americans have been subjected to intense tary and fiscal policy designed to achieve con­ B. Increased funds for research and de­ hardships, have been denied their basic tinuous full employment and full produc­ velopment in the areas of education for riehts, and have suffered irreparable harm tion. minorities. because the two major political parties have (2) A direct attack on the high unemploy­ C. Increased federal funds for black in­ failed to firmly and honestly commit their ment among minority groups and in minority stitutions of higher education. powers and resources to equality and justice communities, through public service job pro­ D. Increased funds for aid to students and for all. grams, training programs, quality education for community colleges. It has become patently obvious to the and a computerized comprehensive national E. The de>elopment of mechanisms for Members of the Congressional Black Caucus employment service. black control of schools where black chil­ that black Americans will no longer tolerate (3) A systematic approach to solving the dren are educated, moving beyond the sterile insensitivity and lack of concern on the part apparent tendency of full employment to issue of "busing" to the basic issue of the June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19-755 redistribution of educational wealth and tion. These black businesses had sales of only tolerance of religious beliefs, particularly as control. 4.5 billion dollars; white businesses had they relate to dietary laws. F. Federal, state and local authorities to gross sales of 1.5 trillion dollars. Black-owned E. The revamping of first offender pro­ comply fully with the Supreme Court's re­ banks and insurance companies owned less grams, methods of bail release, and parole cent school desegregation decision that bus­ than one billion dollars in assets. and probation systems so as to encourage ing will be employed as a suitable means to To correct the present inequities and to and assist the prison resident in readapting ensure quality education for all American fulfill the right of black Americans to the to society. children. free enterprise system, we urge that your F. The construction of small, modern IV. HOUSING AND URBAN PROBLEMS platform include: facilities by the federal government in prox­ A. A call for an increase in the number imity to the large urban areas and the re­ The right of every American to live in of black-owned businesses with supporting cruitment of minority personnel for prison human decency must not be abridged by grants and loans from the federal govern­ employment. federal passiveness. Citizens of the inner­ ment and major corporations. c1ty, especially blacks, are confronted with IX. DEMOCRATIC ADMINISTRATION B. The establishment of a federal policy APPOINTMENTS increasingly deteriorating housing condi­ to set aside 15 % of all government contracts tions. To remedy the current situations, we exclusively for black-owned businesses. Though black Americans make up 20 % of urge that your platform include a plank call­ C. Provisions whereby all government the Democratic Party electorate, the black­ ing for: funds earmarked to be expended in black man's right to their share of the power in a A. A new Homestead Act, to make use areas be deposited in and disbursed by black Democratic Administration has been woe­ of the billions of dollars worth of land now banks. fully neglected by the party in the past. This owned by federal, state, and local govern­ must stop. The Democratic National Plat­ ments. This property must not move into the VII. DRUGS form must call for black Americans receiv­ hands of private, for-profit developers when Black Americans have a right to drug-free ing a proportionate amount of all appointed there is such drastic need for human hous­ lives and drug-free communities. positions, up to and including the Cabinet ing and land use where black people live. The goal of the Democratic Party must of the President of the United States. Fur­ B. The rebuilding of the inner cities-­ be to eliminate the illegal sale and use of thermore, federal judgeships shall reflect not the removal of the poor. drugs and to treat those who are unfortu­ the percent.age of minority residents in any C. Tax legislation which would provide nately hooked on drugs not as criminals but given state or local jurisdiction. In this pol­ priority treatment for investments in new as people with serious health problems. To icy's enactment, particular attention shall and rehabilitated housing in the inner-city. accomplish this we urge the inclusion in be paid to correct the racial imbalance which D. Free access by minority groups to hous­ your platform of a plank that: exists in the Southern federal judiciary. ing in any community or building in the A. Declares drug abuse and addiction a major national crisis. X. JUSTICE AND CIVIL RIGHTS land. Earlier this year the Congressional Black V. HEALTH B. Require the use of all existing resources to stop the illegal entry of drugs into the Caucus responded to the Administration's A major plank of any national platform United States, including suspension of eco­ report on "Progress in Civil Rights". Our must be guaranteed health delivery sys­ nomic and military assistance to any country paper, entitled "From the Administration tems. The current inaccessibility of ade­ which fails to take appropriate steps to pre­ Which Gave Us Benign Neglect", scored the quate health delivery to all Americans; lack vent narcotic drugs produced or processed in Administration's insincerity and hypocrisy of adequate or comprehensive health cover­ that country from entering the United States on the subject of civil liberties and equal age, and seemingly uncontrollable rises in unlawfully. rights. health cost combine to relegate countless C. Make funds available to every major One critical area which we discussed at Americans to a state of insufficient medical city for the establishment of ambulatory de­ the time remains critical today-voting care. To remedy this, we urge: toxification and rehabilitation centers. rights. The Democratic National Platform A. The establishment of a National Health D. Provides federal financial support and the new Administration should move to: Insurance for all citizens from birth until through a locally controlled board to rein­ A. Establish political guarantees that re­ death, with free medical care for all the poor force the local initiatives. gional and metropolitan government ar­ and near-poor. E. Provides for efforts to develop non-ad­ rangements do not disenfranchise or deny B. A federal program to recruit and train dictive, safe and effective substances to pre­ majority black cities and blacks in other minority medical and para-medical person­ vent, treat, and cure addiction. Methadone jurisdictions the right of self-government, nel. is a highly addictive, dangerous and fre­ self-determination and control of their com­ c. The establishment of a national health quently abused drug. Methadone is no cure­ munities and of federal and state resources delivery system which encompases those ex­ all for the problems of drugs. Methadone provided within metropolitan areas. isting programs similar to the Neighborhood maintenance programs, and recently proposed B. Effect the strict application of the Vot­ Health Centers (NHC) which are functioning heroin maintenance programs, should only ing Rights Act of 1965 so that those cur­ well in a limited role with a delivery mech­ be used with a full recognition of their limi­ rently disenfranchised will be able to par­ anism that provides physician's in-patient tations and with a commitment to develop ticipate in the upcoming election. and out-patient hospital emergency services, alternative therapies. C. Increase the number of black federal out-of-area emergency service preventive VIII. PENAL REFORM judges and other legal omcials, including U.S. health care, home health services, laboratory Attorneys, U.S. Marshalls, federal correc­ and radiological services and laboratory serv­ The tragedy at Attica has catapulted into tional omcers and other Justice Department ices included, and physical therapy. The national prominence the brutal fa.ct that employees in every region of the country. concept of comprehensive health services most of our penal institutions are out-dated, should include the following areas: psycho­ inhumane, dehumanizing and extremely XI. SELF-DETERMINATION FOR THE DISTRICT OF logical, sociological, and environmental, as cruel. The new Democratic Administration COLUMBIA well as physiological. must a.ct swiftly and decisively to implement No Black Bill of Rights would be complete D. That there be outreach services which enlightened methods of dealing with people that did not call for the granting of self attack the problems of health, education and who run afoul of the law-methods that government to the nearly 800,000 residents of health awareness in the community. view the time spent in prison not merely as our Nation's Capitol, 72% of whom are black. E. Health centers should be provided in a punishment, but as an alternative factor The National Democratic Platform should coordinated, continuous and comprehensive in the re-socialization of a human being. contain a firm commitment to the "Wash­ manner so that the services are available and The Democratic Party's commitment to ington agenda" brought to Miami Beach by accessible to the communities being served. thorough-going penal reform should reflect the duly elected District of Columbia. Delega­ F . The establishment of state and national itself in a plank that includes: tion to the Democratic Convention, which peer review programs for the medical pro­ A. The establishment of reliable vehicles agenda is also an integral part of the Na­ fession. for the enunciation and redress of prisoner tional Black Political Agenda. G. That the schools of the health sciences grievances. The agenda calls for full congressional rep­ at both Meharry and Howard University be B. The establishment of meaningful train­ resentation, an elected mayor and city coun­ expanded immediately to their maximum ing programs, bath educational and voca­ cil with an automatic federal payment for­ capacity and that, further, priority funding tional, which are complimented by work re­ mula and a host of interim and immediate be given to any new schools of the health lease and educational release programs, re­ steps that the President and the Congress sciences which focus on increasing the num­ muneration for all work performed and job must take to deal with the social, economic ber of minority members in the health field. placement assistance upon release. and political problems confronting the peo­ H. The establishment of a limit on profits C. The systematic inclusion of such aids ple of this, the Last Colony. which can be made on the sale of drugs. to rehabilitation as halfway houses for men, XII. THE MILITARY VI. MINORITY ENTERPRISE home furloughs for married men and wom­ It ls the RIGHT of every Serviceman and Business ownership and receipts reveal a en, privacy, as relates both to correspondence Servicewoman to be FREE from discrimina­ wide economic disparity between blacks and and family visitations and to the full re­ tion within the military system. Certainly whites in this country. For example, in a to­ storation of civil rights including the right this nation cannot be secure as long as its tal of 7.3 million businesses, approx1mately to vote upon completion of a sentence. forces are more concerned with protecting 170,000, or slightly over 2 % , are black owned. D. An end to the practice of incarcerating themselves against their fellow servicemen Blacks constitute over 12 % of the popula- individuals for their political beliefs and in- than they are with fighting the external 19756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 enemy. Although blacks make up to 10.8% quate Federal Government were to be the Students who cause this to happen are de­ of the military personnel, they are not per­ products of a Government of laws function­ ficient in ordinary good judgment. mitted equal representation as officers; they ing in an environment of law and order. 9. Unfortunately, it generally follows that receive a higher percentage of other than The framers of our constitution considered incidents which result in casualties break honorable discharges; and they are assigned that the orderly processes of a Government the tension and cause those who are prone to to more menial occupational jobs. of laws could only exist in a. climate of do­ riot to take a hard look at such tactics and The New Democratic Administration must mestic tranquility. Thus they used the stop using them. This has resulted from re­ deal with this reality and turn from lip serv­ phrase: "Insure domestic tranquility," not cent incidents. ice which condemns discrimination in our "restore domestic tranquility." 10. Thus such incidents cause people to society to proposing concrete programs of Is there anyone 1n the field of higher edu­ look at their problems rationally instead of reform. cation who hasn't had reasons to be con­ emotionally. It is unfortunate they do not We urge the creation of a Assistant Sec­ cerned with this subject in the past few do it before people are hurt or killed. retary of Defense for Civil Rights who would years of campus demonstrations and disor­ 11. The "inciters" to riot are really to have direct access to the Secretary of De­ ders? Might it not be well for them to learn blame, not the unfortunate young soldiers fense as well as to the Secretary of each more, not only a.bout the nature of riots who have been called out by our elected of­ branch of service. and rioters, but about the young men, pur­ ficials to do a very distasteful and necessary We urge a complete revision of the Uniform suant to orders, who may be confronted with job under very trying conditions. Code of Military Justice that would remove the unpleasant duty of insuring or restor­ "There is no grievance that is a fit object the judicial system from the military and ing "domestic tranquility"? for redress by mob la.w."-A. Lincoln. transfer it to the civllian federal courts. When we think of what is the ca.use of We urge the establishment of an inde­ a breakdown of domestic tranquility in a pendent non-judicial appeal procedure out­ community, a riot comes to mind. What is a side of the military chain of command. riot? Riot is a legal term defined as fol­ We urge the elimination of all punitive lows: ALASKAN NATIVE CONCERNS IG­ discharges and the establishment of a cer­ "A tumultuous disturbance of the peace by NORED IN ENVffiONMENTAL IM­ tificate of service that would in effect remove 3 persons or more assembling together of PACT STATEMENT ON PROPOSED the distinction of "honorable, dishonorable, their own authority with the intent mutual­ TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE undesirable", etc. ly to assist each other against any who shall oppose them in the execution of some en­ terprise of a private nature and actually executing the same in a violent and turbu­ HON. LES ASPIN OF WISCONSIN GENERAL CLARKE SPEAKS OUT FOR lent manner to the terror of the people whether the act intended were of itself law­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SOLDIERS IN RIOT SITUATIONS ful or unla.wful."-Black's Law Dictionary, 3rd Edition. Monday, June 5, 1972 Sometimes our Commander 1n Chief or our Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the Interior HON. DURWARD G. HALL Governors of the several states call out a OF MISSOURI Department's final environmental im­ military force to insure domestic tranquility pact statement on the trans-Alaska pipe­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when a riot threatens but, often, they do not do so until the situation is out of hand and line largely ignores the very legitimate Monday, June 5, 1972 a riot has started and then the job of the concerns of the Alaskan Natives. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, a soldier of troops is to restore domestic tranquility. The I would like to include in the RECORD distinction, Gen. Bruce C. Clarke, USA, latter case confronts the young trooper with today an excellent comment submitted retired, is well aware of the problems the more difficult mental, physical and dis­ to the Interior Department by Patrick facing our college campuses and our ciplinary situation. Macrory of the law firm of Arnold and Let us now consider the young soldier, his Porter on behalf of several Alaskan Na­ cities in recent years of protests and leaders, his training, his opponents, his weap­ riots. General Clarke, however, is also ons, their weapons, their mental and emo­ tive villages. This comment quite accu­ concerned with the soldier's role in a riot tional state, how to perform his task with rately details both the likely conse­ situation. This outstanding soldier has the least injury to people and property and quences of the construction and opera­ expertise and experience that, I am sure, to himself. All of these factors must be con­ tion of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline on would be of great benefit and interest to sidered in the framework of the morale, these Native villages and the failings of this body. In the interest of explaining training and disciplinary veneer of the troops the impact statement to adequately con­ who are engaged under legal orders in a. con­ sider and mitigate these expected con­ a soldier's duty, and a soldier's predica­ frontation with their own people on a task sequences. ment in the riots for which they must they do not like and from which they will defend people and property, I insert these receive little credit and probably much I urge my colleagues to read this im­ remarks by General Clarke in the mental and possibly physical abuse. portant document, which follows: RECORD: Here a.re a few thoughts on the problem COMMENTS ON ENVmONMENTAL IMPACT STATE­ of handling riots by soldiers: MENT ISSUED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE THE CASE FOR THE SOLDIER CALLED OUT To 1. People who engage in a. riot are disorga­ INTERIOR CONCERNING THE TRANS-ALASKA QUELL A DOMESTIC DISTURBANCE nized and emotional, and basically cowardly PIPELINE (By Gen. Bruce C. Clarke, USA, Retired) as a group. The crowd lacks unity and cour­ (Submitted on Behalf of The Native Villages (EDITOR'S NoTE: General Clarke was an en­ age. of Allakaket, Bettles, Minto, Rampart and listed man in the National Guard in 1920-21. 2. If we a.re going to handle them without Stevens Village) He was on the staff of Army Ground Forces bloodshed we must use enough force (or These comments are submitted by five In· in 1945-48, and was Commanding General show enough force) to ca.use them to believe dia.n Villages situated close to the proposed of CONARC in 1958-60. Thus he has given the riot has no chance of success. Trans-Alaska. Pipeline. Two witnesses, Chief much thought to the problems of employing 3. A policy of "limited" or "graduated" re­ Richard Frank and David Wolf, Esq., testified troops to quell civil disturbances.) sponse by police or troops can only encourage on behalf of these vlllages at the hearings In the early days of our existence as a the rioters and lead to bloodshed. held by the Department of the Interior in nation we found that the Articles of Con­ 4. The ones who egg on the rioters a.re al­ 1971. federation were ineffective in providing the most never in front. They operate from a safe Although the Impact Statement represents kind of Federal Government we needed. A position in the rear. some improvement over the draft Impact Constitutional Convention was called. Its 5. The best trained soldiers have a "break­ Statement released by the Department in first order of business was to set down what ing point" when on such duty. Even though January 1971, it remains inadequate in many services the people wanted the Federal Gov­ soldiers likely to be employed in riot duty important areas vital to the needs of Alaska's ernment to provide the citizens of our nation. a.re periodically given training the turnover native population.1 Moreover, the stipula- This became the Preamble to the Constitu­ of personnel is such that their training is tion of the United States of America. Sub­ seldom at full effectiveness when used on stantially, it set forth the following in one short notice. 1 These inadequacies cannot be analyzed in sentence: 6. Young soldiers can take only so much full here because of the pressures of time. "We the People of the United States 1n abuse, rocks, insults and casualties before Only 45 days have been allowed for comment order to: Form a more perfect Union, estab­ their veneer of discipline and comma.nder­ on a nine-volume report, more than 2500 lish justice, insure domestic tranquility, pro­ control wears thin-then they break under pages in length. We find it difficult to a.void vide for the common defense, promote the actual or feared threats. the conclusion that the Department regards general welfare, and secure the blessings o! 7. When they break, people 1n the rioters' the expression of views by members of the liberty to ourselves and our posterity do ranks-even bystanders--often get hurt or public as a. pro forma exercise. ordain and establish this Constitution for the killed. Three deficiencies may be briefly noted: United States of America." 8. Those who caused armed soldiers to (a) the failure to discuss the need for a All six of these requirements for an ade- "break" a.re more to blame than the soldiers. further Impact Statement when final, as op- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19757

tions which the Department would require lain by ice-rich sediments. Either effect could or pipeline, streams or other areas essential Alyeska to enter into as a condition of grant­ cause serious damage to the pipeline." (Id., to subsistence harvests were severely con­ ing the pipeline permits it seeks are weak pp. 96-97.) taminated by oil or other toxic materials. In and insubstantial. They afford neither our The Statement admits that in the pipe­ addition to the direct and indirect impacts, villages nor any of the native villages situ­ line segment between mile 345.6 and mile this could cause major shifts in local land ated near the pipeline any significant pro­ 521.9 (i.e., the area of the five vlllages whose use patterns. Both the direct damage and the tection from the impact of the pipeline views are here expressed), "a major impact shifts could be costly to resource bases, local project. effect of the pipeline would be associated communities, the State, and the oil industry. The remarkable fact is that, despite the with the generally ice-rich silts, permafrost If such adverse impacts did occur, they would enormous quantities of additional evidence temperatures near 0° C, moderate to steep very likely affect subsistence-dependent vil­ obtained by and submitted to the Depart­ slopes and the likelihood of seismic events." lages such as Anaktuvuk, Allakaket, Alatna, ment as to the adverse impact of the pipe­ (Id., p. 99.) Stevens Village, Rampart, and Minto." a (Vol, line on Alaska's natives, the stipulations af­ Further: 1, p. 146.) fecting the native population are virtually "It is predicted that some damage would "The threat of adverse impacts on the Na­ unchanged from the original stipulations occur to the aquatic resources as a result of tive subsistence resources would come pri­ contained in the first draft of the Impact the project.... " (Vol. 4, p. 126.) marily during the operational stage of the Statement. The Department has simply ig­ "Pipeline and road construction activities proposed project. These could stem from (1) nored the extensive evidence gathered by would result in erosion and stream siltation." damage to subsistence resources resulting and the views of the persons most affected (Vol. 4, p. 128.) from losses of oil, (2) increased recreational by the pipeline, the natives of Alaska. The 2. The Impact of the Project on the Animal activities and other competition on lands Department evidently considers it sufficient Resources of the Region close to the transport corridor, or (3) pos­ compliance with the National Environmental As we have shown, the Impact Statement sible shifts in migratory patterns of caribou. Policy Act merely to obtain the views of other predicts that oil leaks of some magnitude "The greatest threat would be that of po­ government departments and the public, are almost inevitable, and that there is a tential oil spillage, especially in a major without permitting those views to have any strong possibility of a break in the pipeline. river. Local water supplies, fish and wildlife bearing on a decision apparently already If a break occurs, "14,000 ba.rrels of oil could harvests, and transport corridors could be reached. The Secretary of the Interior is the leak out during the time required for pump adversely affected. Such impacts on the re­ trustee for the native people of Alaska; they station shutdown and valve closure", and source base, depending on the extent of are his wards and a.re entitled by law to his "up to an additional 50,000 barrels of oil damage and on the extent of Native depend­ protection. The present stipulations are an could drain from the pipeline at some lo­ ence upon the subsistence base in the af­ abdication of trust by the Department of the calities" thereafter. (Vol. 1, p. 124.) The ef­ fected area, could be detrimental to the Interior. fect of an oil spill of this magnitude would livelihood of the local population. An ac­ be catastrophic to our villages and to others A. THE IMPACT OF THE PIPELINE AND HAUL cidental spill could be much more significant in its wake. It could wipe out the fish popu­ in the relatively well populated Yukon Rivet ROAD lation of an entire river system such as the watershed than in the Copper and Lowe 1. Oil Leaks of Unpredictable Magnitude Yukon. A vital part of the subsistence River systexns, where the reliance on a sub­ and Serious Siltation of Rivers are Virtually economy of the native population of Alaska sistence economy is less, both in terms of Certain to Occur could thus be eliminated in large regions numbers of villages and numbers of Natives." A few excerpts from the Impact State­ crossed by the pipeline. (Id., p. 159.) ment make graphically plain the enormous The Statement concedes that the effect of B. THE FAILURE OF THE STIPULATIONS TO PRO­ risks to the environment, and to Alaska's the pipeline on large mam.ma.ls--another im­ natives, that the Trans-Ala.ska Pipeline would TECT THE INTERESTS OF THE NATIVE POPULA­ portant element in the native subsistence TION OF ALASKA entail: economy--00uld be equally serious. " ... the performance record of pipelines in "Disturbances associated with construc­ As we have shown in Section A above, general and the abundance of environmental tion activities and road and pipeline main­ the Impact Statement itself demonstrates factors in Alaska that could contribute to tenance and operation would have adverse that the construction and operation of the pipeline rupture are such that perfect no­ effects on large maxnmals inhabiting the pipeline will inevitably have a serious impact splll performance would be unlikely during proposed right-of-way and areas adjacent to on the subsistence economy relied upon by the lifetime of the pipeline. It therefore is the pipeline routine.... Direct disturbances the vast majority of the inhabitants of the likely that some spills would occur, but their as well as physioal disruption of their habitat five villages whose views are here presented. size, location and frequency are indetermi­ would undoubtedly result in displacement Yet the stipulations do nothing whatever nate." (Vol. 1, p. 27, emphasis supplied here of large mammals from the pipeline route to compensate these people for the loss of and throughout.) and areas immediately adjacent to it." {Vol. their livelihood-despite the fact that the "Any point along the southern two-thirds 1, pp. 126-27.) Secretary of the Interior is their legal of the proposed pipeline route could be sub­ "The effect of the above-ground portions guardian. jected to an earthquake of magnitude great­ of the pipeline on large mammal movement Clearly, if our nation's asserted need for er than 7.0 on the Richter Scale, and it is al­ cannot be conclusively predicted .... How­ more oil is deemed to justify the proposed most a certainty that one or more large mag­ ever, it does appear ... that above-ground pipeline, at the cost of the Natives' ability nitude earthquakes will occur in the vicinity elevated portions of the pipeline with fre­ to support themselves from the land, they of this portion of the proposed route during quent provision of animal crossing facillties must be compensated in some way. As we the lifetime of the pipeline. Strong ground of the best available design would still act as suggested at the hearing, there are two motion and large ground displacement ac­ partial barriers to the movement of hoofed means by which this could be done: First, companying such an earthquake could dam­ animals" (Id., p. 128.) the Natives could be given the right to com­ age-even rupture-the proposed pipeline." "The combined barrier effects of the high­ pensation for damage to their lands or sub­ (Id., p. 97.) way and pipeline might reduce the number sistence caused by pipeline construction and "The excavation of construction materials of animals using the winter range east of operation, in order to protect them from the in areas of ice-rich permafrost would cause the highway." (Id., p. 129.) immediate impact of the pipeline. Second, the permafrost to thaw. The materials could The Statement admits that the effect of they could be guaranteed a certain propor­ become unstable and flow or slide, especially the above-ground portions of the pipeline 2 tion of the jobs connected with the con­ on slopes. Locally, excavation in flood plains "would probably alter the distribution of struction and operation of the pipeline, as might cause diversion of stream channels, caribou in the future and account for the protection against the effects of the long­ and where such excavation occurred, pools abandonment of portions of their range." term trend away from a subsistence economy would form and siltation would follow." (Id., (Vol. 1, p. 200.) It also admits that: which the Statement predicts the pipeline p. 95.) "Several situations conducive to large will cause. "Thawing of permafrost by heat from the mammal mortality would result from pipe­ The stipulations do neither of these pipeline and by redirected surface and line and haul road construction and their things. Although the suggestion has been ground water could result in slope failure maintenance." (Id., p. 130.) made on many occasions that the Depart­ and differential settlement in areas under- "The increased human population would ment should impose absolute liability on be reflected in a general increase in hunting Alyeska for damage caused to private per­ pressures on large maxnmals." (Id., pp. 130- sons-as it proposes to do for damage caused posed to preliminary, design plans for the 31.) to the federal government-the Department pipeline are submitted to the Department; 3. The Impact on the Native Population dismisses the suggestion with the following (b) the inadequate discussion of the pos­ The specific impact of the pipeline on our comment: sibility of running the natural gas pipeline villages ls also described in some detail in the " ... the February 1972 stipulations im­ that will be needed to bring natural gas Statement: pose liability on the permittee. The Depart­ from the North Slope along the same route as "A significant adverse impact on land use ment believes that to impose further liability the oil pipeline; and for Native subsistence purposes could be in­ would exceed the Department's authority." (c) the failure of the Statement to consider curred in the event that, during the con­ (Vol. 6, p. 52). the possibillty that the demand for oil will struction or operational stages of either road The first of these statements ls simply in- be greatly diminished as a result of wide­ spread use in automobiles of the Wankel ro­ ll An extremely high proportion of the pipe­ s The villages whose names are are four of tary engine, which is much more efll.cient line will be above ground in the area closest the five villages whose views are here pre­ than the internal combustion engine. to the five villages in question. sented. 19758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 correct. All that the February 1972 stipula­ emphasized the importance of passing a forbidding that trespass. Tennessee's Senior tions do is to recite that the permittee will constitutional amendment banning the Senator, Howard Baker, has pushed for its be liable to third parties " in accordance with busing of students to achieve a numerical adoption. The sense of it has been stated in applicable laws." (Stip. 1.7.1.) Clearly, of racial balance. another proposed amendment, by Michigan course, this would be the case even without Sen. Robert Griffin, declaring that: the stipulation. The stipulation "imposes" no I endorse the sentiments expressed in "No court of the United States shall have liabilh;y on the permittee beyond what the the Banner editorial concerning the need jurisdiction to make any decision, enter into law would impose in any even t. It gives pri­ and necessity for such an amendment. any judgment or issue any order the effect of vate persons affected by the pipeline ab­ While the editorial refers to Senators which would be to require that pupils be solutely no additional guarantee of compen­ BAKER and BROCK from Tennessee, I transported to or from school on the basis sation against loss. would add that many Members of Con­ of their race, color, religion, or national The second statement is almost certainly gress-Democrats and Republicans-on origin." erroneous. The Department has extremely a bipartisan basis-are cosponsors of State by state, in the Sout h and elsewhere, broad power to impose conditions on pipe­ school patrons, taxpayers and voters--one line permittees (see Mineral Leasing Act of similar legislation in the House and in­ and the same-have gone clearly on record 1920, Section 28, 30 U.S.C. § 185; 43 C.F.R. deed many Representatives have signed for an end to massive school busing for § 2801.l-6(h)) , and further was specifically a discharge petition to bring to the floor achievement of racial balance. They have directed by Congress in the Conference Re­ a constitutional amendment to prohibit done that, as in Tennessee, in direct refer­ port on the Alaska Native Claims Act to "take busing. endum on the question itself--0verwhelm­ any action necessary to protect the subsist­ In addition, the House has passed three ingly for the amendment. They have done it ence needs of the Natives." At the very least, amendments to curb busing, with sub­ in party primary balloting, as in t he George if the Department is unsure of its authority, stantial support, as follows: Wallace vote itself, or its margin, in which it should take immediate steps to clarify the such clearly was the principal message. legal pDsition. We strongly endorse the sug­ The Ashbrook amendment which would Congress has condemned the massive bus­ gestion of the Alaska Federation of Natives bar the expenditure of Federal funds for ing operation as an inst rument of arbitrary, that an opinion of t he Attorney-General be crosstown busing. bureaucracy-ordered l"acial balance. It has sought on this issue. The Green amendment which would done that in legislation en.acted, as in the The double standard incorporated in the prohibit the Federal Government from 1964 Civil Rights Act. present stipulations-which impose absolute requiring school districts to spend State President Nixon has oalled for correction of liability on the permittee for damage to the or local money to finance busing. the outrage jointly inflicted by HEW fiat and federal government, which does not need the The Broomfield amendment which court intrusion-and for return to the his­ protection, but no liability for damage to the toric format of the neighborhood school sys­ government's impoverished native wards who would permit school districts to delay tem, with regulations thereof vested in the desperately do need it--is a gross violation compliance with busing orders issued by hands of local authority. of the Department's trusteeship obligations lower courts until all appeals have been Now is the time to get on with that, via the and of the standards by which a government exhausted. only route by which it oan be achieved-the department should conduct itself. I support all three of these amend­ methOd clearly preferred by t he m ajorit y of The second deficiency is in the area of jobs ments. the American people, irrespect ive of race. It is and training. The Statement concludes that The House has taken definite and de­ their school system. It also is t heir Constitu­ without "quantitative goals for Native em­ finitive action to curb and halt unneces­ tion. It is time to employ the one, with vigor, ployment" and "specific means for attaining honor and courage, in behalf of justice for them," Native participation in the pipeline sary and undesirable racial balance bus­ the other. project will be adversely affected. (Vol. 4, ing. congress clearly has the duty to submit p. 409.) The Statement points out that "Al­ Because of the interest of my col­ this amendment to the people of these yeska's employment estimates do not include leagues and the American people in this United States, for their decision. If that pre­ a commitment to a numerical goal for Native most important matter, I place the edi­ liminary, enabling action is t aken in time, hiring." (Id., p . 410.) However, the stipula­ torial from the Nashville Banner in the the school year beginning in September con­ tions impose no obligation whatever upon RECORD herewith. ceivably could be spared t he chaos that Alyeska to establish numerical goals for Na­ otherwise impends for it. tive employment. They merely require Al­ The editorial fallows: yeska to "do everything within its power" [From the Nashville Banner, May 31, 1972] (a notorious euphamism for total inaction) ANTIBUSING AMENDMENT Now Is IMPERATIVE to secure the employment of Natives who To the surprise of few, if any, the U.S. SALT ANALYSIS successfully complete its training program. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals has affirmed (Stip. 1.14.3.) Judge L. C. Morton's order of massive cross­ The stipulations are equally deficient in town school busing for oompulsory racial bal­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER the area of Native training. The Statement ance; but the fact that such a decision was asserts that with only a minimal amount of expected for the reasons asserted in the lan­ OF CALIFORNIA training a very large number of Natives could guage of the court does not modify the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meet the job skill requirements (see Vol. 4, urgency of remedial action-for redress of the Monday, June 5, 1972 pp. 411-12) but warns that: system-wide injury inflicted-by the oorrec­ "To date there are no training programs tive method clearly demanded. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ planned, and unless this planning is accom­ That would be, of course, by constitutional lowing has been prepared by me and is plished well in advance of the start of pipe­ amendment--the provision of that organic being delivered to all Members of the line construction, it is unlikely that training instrument, itself, for the exercise of final 6: programs would be effectively phased into Congress on June authority where it belongs, in the hands of JUNE 6, 1972. the requirements of the construction activ­ the people. From: Representative Craig Hosmer, Chair­ ities." (Vol. 4, p. 414.) It not only is obligatory that the amendd.ng Once again, however, the stipulations man, GOP Task Force on Nuclear Af­ power be employed-putting the principle fairs. themselves simply ignore the Statement. and concept of school authority in such a Stipulation 1.14.1 provides only that Alyeska particular beyond eccentric manipulation To: Members of Congress "shall enter into an agreement with the either legislative, executive, or judicial-but Subject: SALT-ABM Treaty & Offensive Secretary regarding . . . training . . . of it is imperative. Weapons Interim Agreement Alaska Natives." There is no indication that It needs to be done now, before the damage It is generally conceded that America and any such agreement has been reached, what so disruptive and nearly destructive of the Russia cannot risk attacking each other be­ the proposed terms would be, or what plan­ local public school system, here or anywhere, cause their nuclear arsenals are sufficient to ning for timely training has been under­ is compounded by another school year of withstand surprise attack and still have taken, if any. magnifying costs and mounting chaos. Never enough undamaged retaliatory hardware left in the history of this city have its approxi­ over to pulverize the aggressor. mately 100,000-member student body, and its President Nixon and Premier Brezhnev be­ ANTIBUSING AMENDMENT school plant community-wide, divested of the lieve it is in the self-interest of their respec­ NOW IS IMPERATIVE neighborhood school preroga tives, suffered a tive countries to perpetuate this condition comparable blow. of ?nutuai deterrence based on nuclear suf­ The corrective device sought ts in this ficiency. The proposed SALT Treaty limiting HON. JOE L. EVINS instance for Congress to initiate-as it has defensive anti-ballistic missile systems and started a number of times to do, only to be its accompanying interim agreement limit­ OF TENNESSEE side-tracked by a totally unsatisfactory sub­ ing certain offensive weapons was designed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stitute. for this purpose. Monday, June 5, 1972 Sen. Bill Brock, with co-sponsorship by a The rationale of the ABM limitation is number of colleagues similarly aware of the obvious. Each new ABM built by one side Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, crisis confronted up a usurpation of school can be nullified by the other's new offensive the Nashville Banner in a recent editorial authority-has pushed for an amendment installation. It 1s 1n nobody's security ln- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19759 terest to spend money for that kind of an and I think we all owe them a special the bombing attacks as North Vietnam arms race only to end up poorer, but no vote of thanks. They are Mr. William again invaded the south. safer than before. Gladden, Seat Pleasant; Mr. James H. The world shuddered, the Democratic The logic of allowing the Soviets a. lopsided Presidential candidates shouted their jer­ number of offensive missiles and submarines Lauth, Bowie; Dr. Louis P. Reitz, Hyatts­ emiads, but the President and his adviser K:is­ is obscure if quantity alone is considered. It ville; and Mr. Robert A. Fast, Beltsville. singer knew what they were doing. Both emerges clearly, however, when other fac­ China and Russia had to accept this new ele­ tors, relevant to assessing the kill power of ment in Vietnam because the United States these two nation's strategic nuclear arsenals once again controls the balance of power. a.re taken into account. These include the NIXON'S DIPLOMACY But only the events unfolding in the next following: months and years can prove the real worth The actual number of nuclear warheads in of the Nixon peace policy. If the war in Viet­ the U.S. deterrent package considerably ex­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL nam ends, if there is no eruption in the Mid­ ceeds those of the Soviets because of our OF ll.LINOIS dle East, if the relaxation of the tension in many multiple independently guided re-en­ Europe continues, then the new policy Will try vehicles (MIRVS). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prove to be the greatest diplomatic success The greater accuracy of the U.S. warheads Monday, June 5, 1972 in history. gives them a proportionately large kill capa­ At present, the bombing goes on because bility, ample for nuclear sufficiency. Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, an edi­ North Viet Nam refuses to check its invasion U.S. allies and near allies possess substan­ torial appearing in the June 1, 1972, edi­ of the south. But the a.id formerly received tial strategic deterrent forces which augment tion of the newspaper, Chicago Today, from Russia and China is no longer being the Free World's overall deterrent posture. discusses President Nixon's recent initia­ received. And neither China nor Russia has The arrangements impose no limitations tives in the field of foreign policy in a formally protested to the United States, nor a.t all on certain U.S. systems contributing most perceptive and knowledgeable man­ will they. The war must come to an end, for to our deterrent strength, such as SAC North Viet Nam cannot long continue this bombers and U.S. aircraft based overseas on ner and I commend its text to my col­ new kind of war Without suppliers. Then the land and on aircraft carriers. leagues. I insert it in the RECORD at this United States can totally withdraw, and an "Sufficiently to deter" is something in the point. era of universal peace may be at hand. mind of the beholder and when one side The editorial follows: Neither Machiavelli or Prince Metternich fields a mix of bombers, ICBMs and SLBMs NIXON'S DIPLOMACY would ever have believed that diplomacy with which it is satisfied, the other side President Nixon has taken giant strides could come to this. President Wilson, seeking would need to assume very large and un­ toward world peace. He returns to the United world accord, thought persuasion alone could known risks of miscalculation in order to States as one of the most successful diplo­ do it. But President Nixon has seen that the assess it as "insufficient." mats in history, tho time alone can measure best way to get world peace is the proper ap­ What are inside the strategic systems, how the true results of his diplomacy. This diplo­ plication of power. That is the kind of per­ good they are now and how they may be macy has ended the power stalemate and suasion Communists understand. His diplo­ qualitatively improved are not covered by given the world leaders an opportunity to macy should bring an end to war in Viet the arrangements, leaving the parties in move toward world peace. The skepticism of Nam, and it should prevent other "brush fire" exactly the same circumstances, whatever those who remember the broken treaties of wars, as President Kennedy called them. they are, as before. history is understandable. But this time This, in turn, will enable the great powers Provision for verification by each party's there is a new factor, introduced by Mr. to keep the peace. As the President returns own intelligence apparatus involves minimal Nixon ar d Henry A. Kissinger: By its ra.p­ home from the second of his brilliantly suc­ risk, since the arrangements are cast in terms proachment With China, the United States cessful diplomatic journeys, it appears that of items which reasonably can be monitored has taken control of the bale.nee of forces. the prospect for enduring world peace was by satellite photography and similar means. A few months ago, the U. S. S. R. could never more promising. The foregoing and many additional calcu­ move in the power struggle With China in lations undoubtedly influenced President relative confidence that the United States Nixon's determination that the agreements would not choose sides. But no more. When are worthwhile and that their terms involve President Nixon went to China, the possibil­ SMALL CLAIMS COURT AS A neither undue risks to United States security ity opened up that the United States might CONSUMER REMEDY nor disproportionate advantage to the Soviet agree to provide the Chinese with the sophis­ Union. ticated weapons needed to defend their 1,500- In making his decision the President also mile border with the U. S. S. R. Russia can­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER must have totalled the quite large costs of not suffer that. The new posture of the Rus­ OF MASSACHUSETTS the superpowers taking no steps at all to­ sians, the reluctant wooing of the U. s., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ward arms control against those involved in began when Kissinger made the first break­ the limited agreements he made in Moscow. thru to Peking. Monday, June 5, 1972 No person better knows these costs than he More than a. century ago, Karl Marx, the Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. and his judgment deserves great respect. ideological source for both Russia and China, To assure that the arrangements do not pointed out on the basis of his long study Speaker, the seventies have become the grow lopsided by the passage of time, Con­ of their history that Russia and China are decade of consumerism. Today more and gress must support the President's R&D re­ the world's most natural, enduring and im .. more attention is being given to the very quests for the TRIDENT submarine program, pla.cable foes. The Russians forgot this tem­ legitimate claims and complaints which the B-1 bomber and other improved strategic porarily after World War II, when they consumers have against harmful credit systems. helped to arm and industrialize the Chinese. reporting techniques, faulty workman­ But they were forced to remember as the ship, and poor performance. ancient enmity erupted. The ma.in Russian The consumer is often hampered in and Chinese armies are now spread along AGRICULTURE HONORS FOUR that 1,500-mile border. remerlying these situations by lack of FROM MARYLAND'S FIFTH DIS­ For a time, after China developed the nu­ information. Confronted by a myriad of TRICT clear bomb, the U.S.S.R. even considered a agencies, omcers, and bureaus, a dis­ preemptive strike. So, we are told, did Presi­ gruntled customer often gives up his at­ dent John Kennedy. President Nixon had a tempts to seek relief. HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN better idea, an offer of friendship. So long For his reason, the Students Orga­ OF MARYLAND as the U.S. and China were virtual enemies, nized for Consumer Action-SOCA-at the U.S.S.R. had many options, including Boston College, under the direction of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those in Europe and the Middle East. Once Rev. Robert J. McEwen, S.J., have pre­ Monday, June 5, 1972 Mr. Nixon took the unthinkable step, a detente With China, Russia had no choice pared a series of reports designed to in­ Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, I was re­ but to ease tension in Europe, to think twice form the public of gaps in necessary con­ cently privileged to be present at the about increasing pressure in the Middle East, sumer information or protection related annual Honor Awards ceremony of the and to seek United States friendship once to products and services. SOCA bulletin U.S. Department of Agriculture where more. And the United States price for No. 1 addresses itself to the subject of four men from Maryland's Fifth Dis­ friendship is a guarantee toward enduring the small claims court as a viable in­ world peace. trict were among those honored for their strument in consumer complaints. Thus the "Spirit of Moscow" may be more I commend these students for their ef­ superior service as employees of the durable than the "Spirit of Camp David" and Department. other previous attempts of the U.S. and the forts to insure greater protection for the Mr. Speaker, these are the kind of U.S.S.R. to come to terms. This time the Massachuetts consumer, and include the men who make our Government truly United States controls the balance of power. text of their first bulletin for your in- responsive to the needs of our citizens, President Nixon proved that when he ordered formation: 19760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 SOCA BULLETIN No. 1 Mr. Frank Schmidt will celebrate his it his home. The lives of all of us have SMALL CLAIMS COURT AS A CONSUMER REMEDY 89th birthday on June 16 in the com­ in some part been enriched. The Small Claims Court should be one pany of friends and family living in my I am sure, Mr. Speaker, that my col­ of the crucial tools of effective consumer ac­ congressional district. leagues join me in wishing Mr. Schmidt tion. It is a man's cha.nee to defend himself Mr. Schmidt arrived in America in a very happy birthday on June 16. in a. court of law at little cost. However, our 1905, unable to speak a word of English study of 1000 cases in four different district oourts (West Roxbury, Quincy, Hingham, though he was-and still is-fluent in and Dorchester) shows consumer use of this five other languages. Three days after legal remedy to be minima.I. While sixty-six his arrival he began to work as a la­ AEROSPACE INDUSTRY percent of all cases involved a. company suing borer. He studied English at night, and an individual, only five percent were in­ by World War I had advanced to round­ dividuals suing a. company. There are several house foreman for the Baltimore and HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE reasons for this. Ohio Railroad. During World War I, he OF TEXAS Lack of knowledge of sma.11 claims court served the U.S. Navy as a civilian on procedures on the part of consumers ls a. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major problem. Few people know how to detached duty, expediting transpor­ Monday, June 5, 1972 use the court. Few people even know that tation of troops and water materiel. He it exists. As a solution, we urge pamphlets be was selected for this role because of his Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, published by either the courts, the Attorney railroad experience and also because he Mr. Karl G. Harr, Jr., president of Aero­ Genera/ s office, or the State Department of was one of the few men who could com­ space Industries Association of America, Education or the Consumers Council to ex­ municate in the various languages of the Inc., recently addressed the Aero Club plain the purpose and procedure of the court. immigrant railroad workers. He con­ of Washington, D.C. Another problem is time. Court hours are In his discussion he talked about our scheduled during the regular working day, tinued with the Navy, teaching crash a most inopportune time for the average courses in machine skills to classes of total national economic situation and the working man who Inight lose money 1f he immigrants to further the war effort. In effect of development of high technology had to be in court. We urge that evening the years after World War I he earned products as a cornerstone of our com­ and Saturday court sessions be scheduled. his teaching credentials at night school petitive world market position. I am in­ Thirdly, the court personnel should be and taught in Brooklyn. With the onset cluding the significant comments of Mr. made aware of their duty to the public. What of World War II, Mr. Schmidt volun­ Harr in the RECORD and commend them ls routine for them may be something en­ teered for and taught extra after-hour to the reading of my colleagues and the tirely new for a. consumer. Their willingness general public. and ability to help is most important. courses in machine operating proce­ The small claims procedure was intended dures to help meet the burgeoning man­ The comments follow: to provide a simple, prompt and informal power needs of war production. REMARKS BY KARL G. HARR, JR. means at small expense for the adjudication In 1965, at the age of 82, Mr. Schmidt I have a gut feeling that this is neither the of small claims. For the most pa.rt the sys­ volunteered for VISTA, and at the or­ time, the place nor the audience for either a. tem fulfills these prerequisites. When a per­ ganization's request moved from Cali­ technica.l or a statistical exposition of any son believes that another party owes him fornia to Philadelphia where he taught of the problems that confront the aerospace money for damage to persona.I property, non­ industry. Besides I've already spewed forth fulfillment of contract, etc. (in the a.mount full-time courses in tool and diemaking all the statistics I know on the subject and of $300 or less) he may bring suit against to minority students at Temple Univer­ even a few I'm not quite sure about. this party in Small Claims Court. The plain­ sity. In 1967 he was honored by the city Rather, I think, this is a good time, place tiff goes to the Clerk of the Court. The Clerk of Philadelphia for his services and as and audience for the consideration of the tra.nsposses a. simplified version of the plain­ the oldest VISTA worker in America. fundamentals of the world in which we cur­ tiff's story to a court docket and then notifies Just this year, upon specific invitation, rently live, and the analysis that must be the defendant by registered mail that a com­ he has rejoined VISTA on a part-time made if we a.re to deal with these funda­ plaint has been lodged against him, inform­ mentals. ing him of the nature of the complaint and volunteer basis. Throughout these years I am not talking about a "white paper" or the date of the trial. This whole procedure he raised and educated a family and state-of-the-industry type survey. I am talk­ costs the plaintiff only three dollars and launched them on careers as productive ing rather about facing up to some simple fifty-five cents. citizens. truths, on the part of ourselves, the Govern­ If the defendant does not settle with the Mr. Schmidt's other contributions to ment and the American people as a whole, plaintiff out of court, then the case comes this country notwithstanding, it is re­ insofar as the fate and fortunes of the aero­ to trial in a. few weeks. At that time the markable that in his 88th year, at an space industry are, indeed, a matter of na­ plaintiff brings any evidence he has to court tional concern. (a. torn coat from a. laundry, for example), age when most men think only of rock­ Let me begin by saying there is no real and waits for his case to be called. Either ing chairs and warm slippers, he serves question about the survival of the aerospace party is allowed to be represented by a law­ in VISTA. industry over the long run as a sound and yer, but this is not recommended by the A very wise man said long ago: increasingly dynainic element of the total court. The judge will listen to both sides of Misfortune is no disgrace but doing noth­ national economic picture. Even if not just the story, asking questions as he sees fit. ing about it is-and so it is with age. We may some but all of the companies that comprise Both parties wm be informed of the .1udge's fold our hands in the face of the infirmities the industry today were to disappear tomor­ decision by mail a week or so later. If the that age may bring, and let the world pass row, they would have to be immediately re­ plaintiff wins his case, the judge will usually us by, or we may simply forget to look for it, placed by others in adequate numbers to ful­ make the defendant reimburse him for the and find life active and good long after we fill national requirements of the same di­ court costs and sometimes even for the time have passed the promised biblical limit of mension. For air transportation has become the plaintiff missed from work. Either party days. a necessity a.s a means of mass transporta­ may appeal tbe decision to a regular court tion, not just nationally but globally; the trial. One can only believe that this wise aerospace component of national security man knew there would be Frank will inevitably grow rather than diminish; Schmidts in the world when he wrote the space effort will be pursued, in the long MR. FRANK SCHMIDT-A these words. run I am convinced, on some roughly equiv­ - For whatever reasons he left his native alent order of magnitude; and, perhaps VENERABLE GENTLEMAN most significantly of all, the capability to land, a man with Mr. Schmidt's charac­ produce high technology products will be­ ter would certainly have lived the same come increasingly essential to our national HON. JAMES C. CORMAN kind of life in any country he adopted. well-being. not merely in terms of our na­ OF CALIFORNIA How fortunate for all of our country- tional economic competitiveness, but also in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES men whose path he crossed, for they terms of our capacity to address a multitude of new and demanding domestic problems. Monday, June 5, 1972 learned much from him: patriotism in However there is a. real question whether Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I want the truest sense of the word; fortitude, we as a. nation will be able to realize, in the to take a few moments today to tell my perseverance; love of country; and the national interest, upon the benefits of this grace that service to his community and asset called the aerospace industry in ways colleagues about a man who came to our adequate to the cha.Henges immediately country as an immigrant 67 years ago, to his fellowman offers. For 67 years he a.head of us. Many current signs tend to indi­ and whose life in his adopted country gave of himself to America. This is a cate that we will not, and that we will as a exemplifies what America is all about. better country because he chose to make nation pay a fearful price for this failure. June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19761 There is no simple single explanation ror turned into a virtual discrediting of the international trade position. Gradually over this failure. Nor does any person or group profession. For a time at least there was an the past decade the advantages we have had have a monopoly on the wisdom needed to almost uni versa.I return, particularly among in this regard have slipped away and now remedy it. youth, to the Walden's Pond syndrome-a we a.re in jeopardy of losing those last few Perhaps the way to begin looking for this rejection not only of the so-called military key elements which have kept our heads wisdom is to examine some of the sources of industrial complex, but of all technological above water. This focuses very much on the today's situation. The aerospace industry, as advance. aerospace industry because of its central we know it today, really came into being in This tide culminated in, if you will permit identification with our national capacity to the post-Korean War period. It started its me, the emotional and irrational rejection of produce superior high technology products. surge toward that peak position, where it the supersonic transport at what was cer­ To date we have been able to overcome labor ranked as the nation's foremost industry on tainly the most uneconomical time and for costs advantages on the part of our com­ many if not most counts, sometime in the the most absurd reasons. The SST was, in petitors. We have been able to overcome late 1950s. my view, a hapless victim of unfortunate myriad forms of government support to our Three principal factors were involved: timing. competitors. We have been able to afford 1. Soviet demonstration of both nuclear Okay, so that was a year ago-and now sometimes superb neglect of support of ex­ weapons and intercontinental delivery we have had time to look at the effects of ports by our own government. Today we no capability produced a reaction that led to this overreaction and have started to pick longer a.re in a position to do this. Some an almost frantic U.S. effort to develop and up the pieces. of all of the competitive advantages of our install ICBSs; to deploy an effective retalia­ In these calmer times we all can take a revived, resuscitated and hungry competitors tory bomber deterrent, and to develop a stra­ somewhat longer view-and what we see must be countered if we are to retain our tegic undersea deterrent. down the road, and not very far down the world leadership in high technology prod­ 2. The arrival of the Space Age, about the road at that, is pretty frightening. ucts. Whatever steps we take, whatever prac­ same time and with demonstrated Soviet ca­ In our violent transition from a period of tical combination of measures we adopt to pability therein, produced a reaction here accelerated technological advance-a virtual survive this challenge, they must stem from that led to a decade of commitment to high­ technological revolution-to a period of and be consistent with the acceptance of geared space exploration, both manned and intense and almost exclusive preoccupation one fundamental strategy. The Government, unmanned. with domestic social problems, we have come fully supported by industry, labor and the 3. The arrival of the Jet Age in terms of perilously close to throWing the baby out public at large, must adopt as a national commercial air travel led to the usurpation with the be.th water. goal the maintenance of a positive trade bal­ by aviation of an enormous chunk of the For during this transition period, say 1967 ance. In every way consistent with our ott~r travel market that had previously belonged or 1968 to the present, not only have our national policies this goal must be supported to surface modes. principal competitor nations been moving by positive export policies. Particularly, given All of these factors started to gain momen­ feverishly in the opposite direction, but we the current situation, these policies must be tum in the late 1950s and surged forward seem to have completely lost sight of some designed to emphasize promotion of in­ into the mid-1960s, culminating in a peak of the fundamentals upon which both our ternationally competitive high-technology for this new industry, in terms of sales and economic and n'ational security survival have products, because it is such products that employment, in 1968. always been based. represent our strongest card in the inter­ Where did this leave us in the late 60s? So now we are awakening to some rude national market place. Well it meant that America had in its surprises. A trade deficit for the first time in Second, even if the foregoing principle is midst a brand new, big, heterogeneous in­ 80 years. A productivity growth rate for the fully adopted, the nation will still be in for dustry with spectacular capab11ities for both past five years lower than that of any major that rude jolt if it doesn't have the capacity advanced technological and managerial ac­ industrial nation. An inabllity for the first to produce such superior products for ex­ complishments. Foreign competitor nations, time in modern history to accumulate the port, and today that capacity is in jeopardy. mostly still struggling out of the destruc­ financial resources necessary to proceed with Obviously this deficiency transcends the tion of World War II, and possessing neither question of international trade and involves the economic base nor the technological in­ the next generation•s research and develop­ ment. A reverse brain drain. Hordes of skilled as well both our domestic economic growth jection of comparable national efforts in and serious questions of naitional security. space and defense began to lag behind us in scientists and engineers---60 desperately needed and recruited a few short years ago-­ In a number of ways and for a variety of overall technological advances to the point reasons we are now neglecting research and at which there was desperate concern as to serving as short order cooks. The very real development. We are neglecting it in terms of whether they ever would be able to compete. prospect of seeing the world's air transport direct Government funding, and we are neg­ The famous brain drain became very real fleets, now n·early 80 % equipped with Amer­ lecting it in terms of the policies confronting as the U.S. became regarded as the place ican aircraft, become predominantly foreign private funding. We also are suffering from where the action was in all advanced tech­ built. An American superiority in weapons the fact that under our system the rising nological pursuits. One thing came after systems drastically undercut both qualita­ costs of research and development put us at another. Computers, for example, were tively and quantitatively. A drying up of the a disadvantage compared with our principal greatly spurred by the space effort. Our undergraduate and graduate school pools competitors in terms of assembling, from transport aircraft dominance seemed per­ from which our future scientists and en­ private sources as we must do, the financial manently assured. One after another, new gin'eers must come. Hundreds of thousands resources necessary to the task. industrial processes seemed to be promising of skilled and semi-skilled workers newly Here again, we need to accept, as a nation, to widen the gap between ourselves and unemployed and largely unemployable at a long-range national technological strategy. other nations. their skills. Such a strategy must of course be respon­ In short, there was every reason to be­ In general terms, a lopping off at the knees sive to the nation's needs in the fullest sense, lieve, and most people both here and abroad of that giant which has stood us in such but it also must be supported by a mechanism were firmly convinced, that the only prob­ good stead both in terms of our national that can establish and pursue research and lem was to keep the U.S. from hopelessly economic well-being and our national secu­ development goals, objectives, priorities and out-distancing the rest of the world in the rity since World War II-the capability of programs, and also provide adequate funding. production of high technology products. producing high-technology products, for Third, we are paying an unnecessary price This pace of advance, of course, obscured whatever purpose, far better than any other for our failure to find ways effectively to parallel maturing of some problems arising nation in the world. apply some of our superb technological and within the procurement process itself in Where does that leave us now? managerial skills to a whole range of do­ this country, and it also obscured some Well, I suggest, it at least gives us con­ mestic problem areas in which there ls an signs of a coming alteration in the trade fac­ siderable food for thought. There's a very obvious potential contribution for such skills. tors that had prevailed since World War II. human tendency to believe when you first Many of us could write brilliant and so­ In effect we were moving so fast, were doing realize something that you discovered it, and phisticated essays on the problems and ob­ so well that there was a general com­ a lot of people are busy "discovering" today stacles associated with effectively making placency about some of these small black that we're in a hell of a fix. Publications such transfers. This subject has been the clouds. Many assumed we could ignore them. ranging .from the scholarly to the most cur­ great intellectual plaything of the last five However, in 1967 or 1968 there began a rent mass media are full of it. Those faced to 10 years. Many of us in the industry, in rapid and radical turnabout. Competition with all or a piece of the problem are and Government at all levels and branches, and for priority on the part of shrieking domestic have been for some time busily grappling in the intellectual community have been concerns reached a crescendo simultaneously wi·th it. Now, I recognize that few if any of debating our respective breasts about it for with a general abatement of fear about over­ us can individually comprehend all of the some time. Although I don't for a moment all national defense, the subsiding of con­ factors that must be taken into considera­ suggest that the many problems uncovered cern about space competition and general tion. I certainly do not pretend to be able through experience or study are unreal or and widespread disenchantment with the to do so. The most, and perhaps the best, one will be solved easily, I don't think it's beyond Vietnam War. can do is to candidly and objectively as pos­ our national genius to analyze the funda­ There was a very rapid and almost com­ sible put forth from his own perspective the mental first steps that must be taken toward plete :fiip-fiop in public attitudes crystal­ facts a.s he sees them. their solution. Some of these, I am pleased lizing into a reaction against technology So here goes. to say, already are underway in the Execu­ generally. The frenzy of a mere decade First, this nation is due for a rude jolt tive Branch. Programs to identify major do­ earlier to "catch up" in eng'ineering students not very far down the road in terms of its mestic probleins having a potential for tech- 19762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 nological solution and to fund their R&D Well, obviously indsutry, and particularly In the 1920's Port helped organize the have been initiated. But this must not be an industry such as ours, can't afford it be­ Indiana and Marion County Young Demo­ a one-shot effort. It must be a continuing cause technological superiority is that which crats. And he, together with his famous program and it must be accompanied by keeps us competitive. Labor can't afford it be­ father, the former Postmaster of Indianap­ funded demonstration programs backed by cause the productivity based on technologi­ olis, stood up when the standing up was a concentrated Government effort to find cal superiority is what keeps our labor force rough against the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana. solutions to such problem areas. Only in that competitive. The American consumer can't "Be strong and of good courage, be not way will the puzzle that has so fascinated afford it because the price of his consumer afraid. Neither be dismayed." Can you imag­ us be solved. products is directly tied to the competitive­ ine Port Seidensticker not strong? Can you Fourth, all of the foregoing relates in ness of American industry and labor. But conceive of his lacking courage? And did greater or lesser degree to questions affecting above all, the nation as a whole can't afford anybody ever see Port Seidensticker dis­ our national security. I would merely point it because its prosperity, freedom and prog­ mayed? out one simple fact in this regard. Since ress are, and have been for a quarter of a cen­ During the 1930's Port continued his active World War II the United States has deterred tury, tied directly to it. participation in the affairs of the American war with a posture based on a limited force­ I give you these thoughts with some hu­ Legion and organized alert opposition to the in-being equipped with superior weaponry. mility. I fully realize that they are neither growing Nazi cancer in Europe. Such superiority has been made possible by new nor startling. Yet they are clearly cen­ When World War II happened, Port Seiden­ viable industry, active technological com­ tral to our national dilemma. We cannot sticker was there, forty-two years of age, petition, adequate research and development spend too much time or effort working toward volunteering and because of his remarkably funding and sufficient procurement of ad­ their resolution. Perhaps nothing else we good physical condition, being accepted once vanced systems. can concern ourselves with at this moment again in the United States Marine Corps. As in the case of our international com­ in history is of greater importance. It is 1945. Can't you see him, standing petitive position we in the industry now there in that elevator, ramrod straight, tears are concerned with our ability to meet our streaming down his cheeks in a way that share of future defense requirements if made crying strong and expressive, upon his present trends continue. You all know the EULOGY TO JAMES PORTER hearing those four catastrophic words, overall employment story, but of even greater SEIDENSTICKER "Franklin Roosevelt is dead." importance in this particular connection is In 1947 James Porter Seidensticker was the national reduction in numbers of scien­ elected from the First District to become City tists and engineers. Many vital technologi­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Councilman of Indianapolis and continued to cal and managerial teams have been broken serve during the administration of Mayor Al up with a resultant erosion of the future OF INDIANA Feeney. technological capabllity on which our na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In 1971 they finally gave him the Adlai E. tional security must be based. Monday, June 5, 1972 Stevenson award for excellence in political The simple conclusion and remedy here service and civic performance. seem to me to be logically inescapable. If Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, my Though he rose to the highest councils of we as a nation are to continue to base our good friend and colleague, Andy Jacobs, our city, his basic MOS never ceased being national security on modern forces-in-being, recently delivered a eulogy to James the precinct, just as a Marine's basic MOS is relying on qualitatively superior weaponry, Porter Seidensticker, a well-known and always infantry. then we must fund both research and de­ well-respected Indianapolis resident. Port Seidensticker was rightly known as velopment, and procurement, adequately. the Committeeman's Committeeman. Fifth, again inescapably intertwined with "Port" Seidensticker served his city, his Jud Haggerty has suggested that some of us the foregoing but having its own special place party, and his country well during his see life in black and white while others see in the future of this country, is the treat­ long lifetime, service that is well doeu­ it in technicolor. Not only did Port Seiden­ ment we as a nation accord the greatest na­ mented in the eulogy that follows: sticker see life in technicolor, but somehow tional adventure we have ever undertaken, EULOGY TO JAMES PORTER SEIDENSTICKER, he arranged such reception for all the rest the exploration of space. Perhaps more than MAY 26, 1972 of us who have been privileged to come in any other element of our concern; perhaps contact with him. Look at the magnificent We gather together for continuing tribute humanity some of us might have missed had even more, in a sense, than questions affect­ to a remarkable life. Port Seidensticker was ing national security, our national willing­ there been no Port Seidensticker. Can't you a person of deep, strong and idealistic prin­ hear him? "I'm going to call Chet Schonecker ness or unwillingness to proceed with this ef­ ciples, and just a little cantankerous. fort so rich in demonstrated benefits of all and Bessie Gasaway and Jimmy Slinger and In 1916 James Porter Seidensticker was some more of my friends and see what they kinds, will foretell our spiritual strength to first elected to office-President of his senior face the future. As a nation we now have a think." class at Shortridge High School in Indianap­ And in the precincts of politics he remained fine plant, superb teams of skilled people and olis. He was then and continued throughout programs intelligently designed to reap max­ the tough D.I., the Marine Corps drill in­ most of his life to be an outstanding athlete. structor afraid of nobody when he was satis­ imum benefits for the nation. There are many His studies at Indiana University were in­ untapped practical applications for space re­ fied he was on the right side. And if you terrupted by World War I and his con­ knew Port you know he was always so satis­ search utilizing the space shuttle. Earth or­ spicuously intelligent choice among the var­ biting satellites, weather control, communi­ fied. If Port was for you, you didn't need to ious branches of American military service. question it. And if he was against you, he cations advances and the management of our He, of course, became a Marine. When Ameri­ natural resources, despite many accomplish­ had a way of making you believe that, too. cans came back from "over there," Port con­ Port Seidensticker never stopped believing ments already made, have only scratched the tinued his studies at Carnegie Tech and later surface in improving our own environment. what he learned in his high school civics became secretary to the National Commander class. He believed in the most idealistic con­ Common sense, it seems to me, once again of the American Legion. And a while later dictates the policy course that is in the best cept of democracy and the nobility of its he was the executive secretary of the In­ participants. national interest. We must utilize efficiently dianapolis Junior Chamber of Commerce. the existing research and development oopa­ Political Science Professor Stoner of Indi­ In 1920 when Governor Cox and Franklin ana University had once said jokingly that bility and capacity that are made available to Roosevelt sought the Presidency and Vice us through the Space Program. We should, sometimes it seemed "Government is that Presidency on the Democratic ticket and means by which the strong will take what of course, emphasize projects having the Harding was awarded the Presidency on the greatest potential for solution of man's prob­ they would have taken anyway and the weak Republican ticket, Porter Seidensticker was may retire gracefully." Can you in your wild­ lems on Earth, but above all we should take elected to his first public office on the Demo­ optimum advantage of the opportunity af­ est imaginings see Port Seidensticker retir­ cratic ticket. Port became Democratic pre­ ing gracefully at the hands of the so-called forded us by the efforts and public invest­ cinct committeeman in 1920 and thus began ments of the last dozen years. politically strong? a political career that was to continue for In 1958 a high British official visited the What f.ndeed have I been talking all around fifty years as party precinct committeeman, in this recital of fundamental problems? ward chairman and delegate to Democratic United States, not having done so for a dec­ They all relate to one central proposition. Conventions. There he goes-with straw hat ade. He was asked what change in our coun­ We canno·t as a nation afford the loss of and ribbons proclaiming without equivoca­ try impressed him most. And he replied that technological momentum that we have un­ tion who his candidate is; likely as not in 1948 the average citizen seemed to ques­ dergone and are undergoing today. We can­ standing on the Convention floor before the tion and require proof from his government not afford it in terms of our competitive po­ rostrum demanding regular order and that but that by 1958 Americans seemed to be sition in an increasingly dyanmic world econ­ the rules be followed. "Those were the days, going along and saying, "Well I guess that omy. We cannot afford it in terms of our my friend." must be right." nat ion.a.I security. And we cannot afford it in "All that you do, do with your might, for That might have been true of many Amer­ terms of the options available to us to ad­ things done by half are never done right." icans but it wasn't true of Port. Listen, "Are dress a host of critical domestic problems. Those words could have been written about we going to take orders from the politicians Who can't afford it? Port Seidensticker. downtown? No--o-o! We're the little peo- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19763 ple. We're in the precincts. They work for system of military justice. General and work toward disarmament. Instead, us. We don't work for them."' What a delight. Koster and General Young have been ac­ it accelerated its missile construction and What refreshment. What a privilege that cused of 43 specific charges of miscon­ overtook our own country. Now it is chal­ Port passed our way. lenging us in almost every category of Even into advanced years there he was duct. It is clear that they should answer climbing the long flights of stairs in the those charges before a military tribunal. nuclear weaponry. apartment buildings of the fourth preinct, I am also calling upon Secretary Even more recently, in 1970, the Soviet fourth ward in Indianapolis, knocking on Froehlke to report to the American peo­ Union approved of a U.S. cease-fire plan the doors, tipping his hat, urging the people ple what the Army has done to improve in the Middle East, then helped Egypt to participate in the people's business of the training of infantry soldiers to pre­ violate it by moving SA-2 and SA-3 anti­ politics. vent another My Lai tragedy. The Peers aircraft missiles up to the Suez Canal. On primary day his base of operation was Commission report recommends that the Can the good faith of a country with a not at precinct headquarters. It was a com­ prehensive war room replete with company training be improved in the rules of war record such as this be taken seriously? runners at the ready, mechanized forces for our soldiers and the procedures for Can we, in fact, stake our own national manning their automobiles at the curb and the reporting of war crimes be simplified. security upon it? his own situation map, a huge hunk of card­ However, the specific recomendations The record indicates that the burden board listing every voter, the time of day of the Peers Commission report and what of proof is clearly with those who say each preferred to vote, who needed remind­ actions the Army has taken remain a that we can. No one should make that ing, who needed a ride, who needed cajoling, mystery. decision until carefully reviewing the and who needed a sidewalk repaired. And throughout it all, there was his Sally smiling record. broadly as if somehow to counterbalance Following is a brief summation of that the cantankerous when it burst forth to SOVIET RECORD IN 25 SUMMIT record as it appeared in U.S. News & admonish us "Young fellows are going to AGREEMENTS World Report: have to learn." SOVIET RECORD IN 25 SUMMrr AGREE­ All the King's horses and all the King's MENTS-ONE HONORED, 24 BROKEN men never got Port into line. Because being HON. PHILIP M. CRANE In seven summit meetings between a U.S. "out of line" was exactly in line with James OF ILLINOIS President and a Soviet leader, 25 agreements Porter Seidensticker's concept of what Amer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have been reached. The Soviets have violated ican democracy and a precinct committee­ 24 of those 25 agreements, according to a man were all about. Monday, June 5, 1972 staff study for the Senate Judiciary Com­ Elmer Davis said this country was not Inittee. Here is their record: created by cowards, and it will not be main­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, Americans 1943. At Teheran, in a meeting with Brit­ tained by them either. James Porter Seiden­ are being asked at this time to gamble ish Prime Minister Winston Churchill and sticker, Sr. was no coward. He was and his with the national security of their coun­ U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph memory is all that any American, Jefferson, try and to curtail arms production and Stalin made four major agreements. Russia Jackson and all the others might have hoped development on the basis of a treaty broke all of them. !or. signed by our own leaders and those of 1945. At Yalta, in another wartime Big the Soviet Union. Three meeting, Russia entered into six ma­ jor agreements, of which five were violated. PEERS COMMISSION REPORT If the Soviet record with regard to The only pledge kept was to enter the war keeping its treaty obligations was an against Japan-and that was done only after honorable one, that gamble might well the outcome was decided. HON. LES ASPIN be worth taking. All of us want peace, and 1945. At Potsdam, where President Harry OF WISCONSIN none would seek to fuel a race in arma­ Truman represented U.S. in a summit meet­ ing after Germany's surrender, Stalin made IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments unless it was necessary for our continued security. 14 major agreements. All were broken. Monday, June 5, 1972 1955. At Geneva, in a Big Four meeting The Soviet record, however, could hard­ including France, Russia agreed that Ger­ Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, yesterday the ly be worse. In seven summit meetings many's reunification problem should be set­ New York Times published portions of between a U.S. President and a Soviet tled by free elections. Moscow later refused the My Lai massacre report known as the leader, 25 agreements have been reached. to permit such elections. Peers Commission report. I believe that The Soviets have violated 24 of those 25 No hard agreements were reached at the Army Secretary Robert Froehlke should agreements according to a staff study for last three summit meetings-in 1959 when release the entire 260-page document. the Senate Judiciary Committee. President Dwight Eisenhower met with N1- It is foolish for the Government to In its issue of May 29, 1972, U.S. News ki1ta Khrushchev in Camp David, Md.; in 1961 when President John F. Kennedy met withhold a document, part of which has & World Report presents this Soviet rec­ with Khrushchev in Vienna, and in 1967, already been published. Rather than rely crd. Consider some examples: when Premier Alexei Kosygin conferred With on excerpts published in one newspaper, At Potsdam, where President Harry President Lyndon B. Johnson in Glassboro, Members of Congress and the public Truman represented the United States N.J. should have an opportunity to study the in a summit meeting after Germany's The Russians similarly have failed to keep entire document. surrender, the Soviet Union made 14 many other international agreements with As many of my colleagues may know, major agreements. All were broken. the U.S. Examples: In World War II, the Soviets promised on April 4 I filed a Freedom of Informa­ In 1955 at Geneva in a Big Four meet­ Western allies they were seeking no terri­ tion Act suit seeking release of the mas­ ing, including France, Russia agreed that torial aggrandizement. But Russia by 1948 sacre documents. Germany's reunification problem should controlled 11 countries-plus East Ger­ Originally, the Government was sched­ be settled by free elections. Moscow later many-and 750 million people. uled to respond to my suit on Monday, refused to permit such elections. Russia repeatedly promised the U.S; be­ before Federal District Judge John H. In World War II, the Soviets promised tween 1942 and 1946 that it would guaran­ Pratt. However, on Friday the Govern­ Western allies they were seeking noter­ tee freedom and free elections in Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Ru­ ment filed a motion requesting an addi­ ritorial aggrandizement. But Russia by mania. All those countries wound up with tional 2-week delay. Obviously the Gov­ 1948 controlled 11 countries-plus East Communist dictatorships. ernment is stalling in order to cover up Germany-and 750 million people. The Kremlin pledged to repatriate World the unpublished portions of the report. Some have argued that times have War II prisoners, but instead sent millions Surely the Government knows its posi­ changed, that the Soviet Union in 1972 of them to slave-labor camps. tion by now and these delaying tactics is more trustworthy than it has been in Russia gave the U.S. a promise that Korea only reveal the Government's total dis .. the past, that we are now entitled, if not would be free and independent--then set obligated, to place faith in its word. up a Communist government in the north­ regard for the public's right to know the ern half of the country and masterminded contents of the report. Yet, recent examples of Soviet viola­ an attempt to invade and conquer the rest I will continue to press for a full hear­ tion of agreements are as numerous as of Korea. That broken proxnise cost the ing of this case as soon as possible. those dating to the period of World War lives of 33,629 Americans. Those portions of the report published II. The Soviet Foreign Minister traveled to by the New York Times raised serious In 1969, for example, the Soviet Union New York in 1946 and repeated a previous questions about the effectiveness of our promised to end the nuclear arms race Kremlin promise that the Danube River 19764 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1972 would be opened to free navigation and trade. grant colleges, yet only 4.8 percent deal sentation from "the rural nonfarmer, the Today, the lower Danube, behind the Iron with people-oriented programs. Eighteen small farmer, the leaders of rural communi­ Curtain, is still a controlled Communist ties, and the consumer." waterway. scientific man-years were spent on im­ proving rural income, and seven on rural Land grant colleges and their officials are The Soviet Union promised the U.S. that it guilty of numerous confiicts of interest in would treaty Germany as one country after housing. A grand total of 17 scientific their relationships with agribusiness corpo­ World War II-then sealed off its occupation man-years was spent on the causes and ration. "It is difficult to find the public in­ zone, turned it into a separate country and remedies of poverty among rural people, terest," the report states, in relationships in is now seeking to make Germany's division while enormous amounts of time and which it is impossible to tell "where the permanent. money were spent on the technical and corporation ends and the land grant college Russia's promise of free travel between begins." Berlin and the West has been broken re­ managerial needs of agribusiness corpo· rations and large-scale operators. The Agriculture Department's extension peatedly. Outstanding examples of this were service has helped market agribusiness prod­ the Berlin blockade of 1948-1949 and the Mr. Speaker, these are not the only ucts while falling to implement a 1955 law 1961 construction of the Berlin Wall. disturbing facts brought out by "Hard relating to special needs of rural people and Russia repeatedly assured the U.S. in 1962 Tomatoes, Hard Times." Certainly they communities. that the arms build-up in Communist Cuba are sufficient to make this must reading Black land grant colleges, created by an was purely defensive in character-then for all those concerned about the future 1890 I.aw in 16 southern and border states, secretly put in offensive missiles aimed at of our rural areas, because if we speak of are discriminated age.inst in receiving less the U.S. When this action was met by a tha.n one per cent of USDA funds allocated firm U.S. challenge and naval blockade, Rus­ agricultural or rural development with­ out zeroing in on the problems facing to land grants and agricultural research in sia promised to remove the missiles. those states. Faced with Russia's long history of break­ rural people, then we are blindfolding Land grant colleges are not required to ing agreements, the U.S. attempted a tacit ourselves against the true problems of make adequate public accounting of their rather than a formal agreement to halt nu­ rural America. activities, particularly those conducted in clear testing in 1958. In 1961 the Soviets The following article from the Wash­ partnership with agribusiness corporations. broke this understanding and resumed test­ ington Post regarding this report indi­ "Had the land grant community chosen to ing. put its time, its money, its expertise, and its In signing a nonproliferation treaty in cates some of its other conclusions and recommendations: technology into the family farm rather than 1969, Russia promised to end the nuclear into corporate pockets," the repor·t states, arms race and work toward disarmament. In­ AGRIBUSINESS BIAS SEEN IN UNIVERSITIES "then rural America today would be a stead, Russia accelerated its missile construc­ · (By Nick Kotz) place where millions could live and work in tion, overtook the U.S. and is now challeng­ The nation's tax-supported land grant dignity. The colleges have mistaken corporate ing in almost every category of nuclear universities have served corporate agribusi­ need for national need. This ls proving to be a weaponry. ness while neglecting the needs of consumers, fatal mistake for the people of America. It is In 1970 Russia approved of a U.S. cease­ family farmers, farm workers, and rural time to reorient the colleges to act in the fire plan in the Middle East, then helped America, a report charged yesterday. public interest." Egypt violate it by moving SA-2 and SA-3 The land grant college complex--composed The study recommends: antiaircraft missiles up to the Suez Canal. of colleges of agriculture, agriculture ex­ A General Accounting Office audit of the Other countries, as well as the U.S., have periment stations and state extension serv­ land grant complex. learned by experience that they could not ices--are charged with spending annually Reopening of congressional hearings on rely on agreements with the Kremlin. Exam­ almost $1 billion in tax dollars "almost the 1972-73 agricultural research budget. ples: solely for efforts tha.t have worked to the Legislation prohibiting land grant person­ In joining the League of Nations in 1934, advantage and profit of large corporations nel from receiving remuneration from agri­ Russia pledged not to resort to war. In 1939, involved in agriculture." business corporations in specified "conflicts of Russia was expelled from the League for acts The 308-page critical study was made by interest;" prohibiting corporations from ear­ of aggression, including the invasion of Po­ the Agribusiness Accountabtlity Project, a marking research contributions for work in land and Finland-both countries with nonprofit, research organization, financed their own behalf; ensuring that land-grant which Moscow had signed treaties of non­ principally by the Field Foundation, and patenting practices do not allow private gain aggression. interested in the problems of the rural poor. from public expenditure. In violation of nonaggression pacts, Rus­ Jim Hightower, the project director, said "The land grant colleges must get out of sia invaded Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania at a. press conference that his group soon the corporate board rooms," the report con­ in 1940 and incorporated them into the So­ will file lawsuits against various land grant cluded. "They must get the corporate in­ viet Union. Un\.versities, to require them to stop serving terests out of their labs. They must draw special corporate interests at the expense back and reassess their preoccupation with of the public interest. mechanical, genetical and chemioal ge.dgetry. The report, entitled "Hard Tomatoes, Hard The complex must again become the people's AGRIBUSINESS BIAS SEEN IN Times, The Failure of the Land Grant Col­ university. It must be redirected to focus the UNIVERSITIES lege Complex" variously asserts that: preponderance of its resources on the full The land grant college complex has stimu­ development of the rural potential." lated an agricultural scientific revolution The activities of Agriculture Secretary Earl HON. DAVID R. OBEY which changed the face of rural America Butz and his predecessor Clifford Hardin OF WISCONSIN without devoting any attention to the needs were cited in the report as an example of the of farmers, farm workers, consumers, and close ties between agribusiness and the land IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rural communities that have been adversely grant colleges. Monday, June 5, 1972 affected by that change. Even though the Butz and Hardin, to a certain extent, ex­ revolution in agriculture has enormously in­ changed places as Hardin took the position Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, just a few creased production, the gains in "strict eco­ being vacated by Butz on the board of di­ days ago, the agribusiness accountability nomic efficiency" have been often offset by rectors of the Ralston Purina Co. project released a report entitled "Hard harm to "people." The report noted that Butz served as an Tomatoes, Hard Times." Of 6,000 scientific man-years of research officer of the Purdue Research Foundation The report delves deeply into the ex­ conducted at government-financed agricul­ and Purdue University, and as a $10,000-a­ penditure of tax funds at America's land­ tural research stations in 1969, only 289 year director of the International Minerals hours were devoted to the needs of rural grant colif~ges, and concludes that-- and Chemical Corporation at the same time people and their communities. that the corporation gave the university The tax paid, land grant complex has come University research in cooperation with research funds, developed a product through to serve an elite of private, corporate inter­ food corporations often has produced less university research, and received a patent on ests in rural America, while ignoring those desirable food for consumers such as "hard the product from the university research who have the most urgent needs and the tomatoes," which were developed to with­ foundation. most legitimate claims for assistance. stand machine picking, or has produced At the same time Butz and his university Most disturbing in their report is the harmful foods, such as cattle fattened with had interrelated ties with IMC and other possible disease-producing chemicals. companies, the report says Butz was publicly degree to which "people-oriented" Corporate agribusiness has developed ma­ advocating industry viewpoints with such needs--such as rural poverty, rural in­ chinery with taxpayers' help, "but the statements as: "Cau*lon must be exercised come improvement and rural housing­ workers who are replaced a.re not even en­ that we don't go overboard in our hysteria to are ignored in terms of total research by titled to unemployment compensation." clean up the environment and make every­ these colleges. The important advisory committees ap­ thing absolutely safe." In 1969, for example, 6,000 man-years pointed by the Agriculture Department to In contending that many land grant re­ of research was conducted by our land- supervise research have seldom had repre- search facilities "begin to look like labo- June 5, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19765 ratories for the chemical industry," the re­ sues, including mutual and balanced force For purposes of comparison, the Disabled port cites a University of California pro­ reductions in Central Europe. American Veterans lobby listed $32,759 fessor who said that at his school, a recip­ But even with the agreements both sides during the last quarter of 1971. Common ient of $600,000 in funds from chemical reached, and the spirit of harmony that Cause's total spending for the year was companies in three years, "individuals are seemed to prevail between Mr. Nixon and the more loyal to the insecticide companies than Kremlin leaders, there still remain deep divi­ $1.1 million. Their 1972 operating budget to the university or the growers." sions over Vietnam and the Middle East. is $2,294,300. Among questionable development of chem­ And Communist doctrine has not changed. The Associated Press lists Common icals by universities to serve commercial Marxism-Leninism is a combative ideology. Cause as a "self-styled people's lobby." food interests, the report oited: It progresses through struggle, although How is a "people's lobby" organized? The use of ethrel at Louisiana State Uni­ there are frequent pauses to re-group. But How is it made truly "responsive?" Well, versity to effect ripening of hot pepper; the even so, the prospect of nuclear war and in the first place, it is not done by select­ use of ferric ammonia citrate and erythorbic mass destruction introduces another factor ing its governing board through demo­ acid at Texas A&M to loosen fruit before tn Communist dogma. machine harvesting; the development by the The Kremlin has a vested interest !n avoid­ cratic processes. The present governing University of Florida of "Thick-skinned" to­ ing holacaust, although the struggle may board for Common Cause-from whom matoes which are then ripened in storage take other forms. The key to the Moscow you are receiving advices on how to be by application of ethylene gas. summit very well may have been President more "responsive" on Vietnam, water In addition to developing products of Nixon's trip to Communist China and the pollution, welfare reform, et cetera, pres­ questionable safety and edibility, the report emergence of communication between Wash­ ently consists of 42 members. Of these, contends that universities have helped agri­ ington and Peking. 22-a majority-are appointed, not elect­ business develop products to deceive con­ The Sino-Soviet conflict is very real and sumers. what the Kremlin least wants is a closer rap­ ed. Of these 42, 15 come from the area For example, the report cited Iowa State prochement between Washington and Pe­ of Washington, D.C., with 11 listing the University studies which indicate bacon stays king. If it had withdrawn its bid for Mr. District of Columbia as their address and bright-colored longer when it is vacuum Nixon's visit, that possibility would have the other four from the Washington sealed on carbon dioxide and Univers.1.ty of loomed large. metropolitan area. Seven are from New South oarolina studies using a fluorescent There are intractable problems among the York State, and all those seven are from light treatment to increase the red color in big powers; the fears of the Chinese that the New York City metropolitan area. green-picked tomatoes. Russia may one day turn on them, and some­ what similar fears among Russians that the Three members are from Chicago, two Chinese leadership may strike out in anger. from Los Angeles, two from Phoenix, The struggles for primacy an:i influence in Ariz., and one each from San Francisco, the world will continue, but President Nixon San Diego, and Stanford, Calif., St. Paul, IN THE WAKE OF SUMMIT, HOPES has sought, both in Peking and Moscow, to Minn.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Lincoln, Mass.; MUST BE CAUTIOUS create a climate in which the voices of mod­ Detroit, Mich.; Muscatine, Iowa; Cincin­ eration are given freer rein than the v0ices nati, Ohio; Durham, N.C.; New Haven, of militancy; that restraint holds in the face Conn.; Ann Arbor, Mich.; and B~nning­ HON. JOE L. EVINS o:t temptation. Some building blocks have been erected, ton, Vt. OF TENNESSEE but the balance is yet fragile and uncertain. Therefore, "representatives" faces a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It will take much more labor to erect a firm considerable hurdle at the outset, since Monday, June 5, 1972 foundation for a stable world. At this point, 37 of the 50 States of our Nation have no cautious optimism is in order-with tbe em­ representatives on the Common Cause Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, phasis on caution. Board. Among the unrepresented are 4 % the Nashville Tennessean in a recent million of my fell ow Missourians. editorial pointed out that although a be­ I expect every Member of the House of ginning toward disarmament has been Representatives would agree that the achieved at the recent summit confer­ A RESPONSIVE CONGRESS House is not as responsive to the people ence in Moscow: as it should be. However, it would appear It will take much more labor to erect a. nonetheless that some people's lobbies firm foundation for a stable world ... cau­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE tious optimism is in order. OF MISSOURI are probably less responsive, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES certainly less representative than the Because of the interest of my col­ U.S. Congress. leagues and the American people in the Monday, June 5, 1972 By 1974, Common Cause proposes a President's efforts to achieve disarma­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, there is Board of 80 members--60 of whom would ment, I place the editorial in the RECORD a great movement in our country to make be directly elected by the membership herewith. the Congress more "responsive" to the and 20 of whom would be elected by the The editorial follows: people. This is a great cause and one board itself. What would the public reac­ [From the Nashville Tennessean, May 31, which most, and perhaps all, Members tion be if we proposed a Congress of 400 1972] of Congress staunchly support. The large Members--300 elected directly by the IN THE WAKE OF SUMMIT, HOPES MUST BE number of questionnaires, newsletters, people and the other 100 selected by CAUTIOUS radio and television reports, correspond­ Congressmen themselves, "to insure that The Moscow summit is over, climaxed by ence, and public appearances, both in all segments of the population and all the joint signing of a. declaration of princi­ nonelection and election years, repre­ geographic areas are represented?" ples in which the United States and the sent a great effort on behalf of the Mem­ Being a Congressman from the "Show Soviet Union pledged to seek peaceful solu­ Me" State can be exhilarating, exciting, tions to their disputes. After two and a. half bers to inform their constituents and to decades, a. watershed has been reached. be informed on the views of those whom frustrating, fractious, or just plain puz­ The meeting between the leaders of the they represent. zling. However, it is never boring and two countries culminated in accords on lim­ Those who have stood for elective of­ carries the constant comfort that no iting offensive and defensive weapons, on fice would testify that there is no greater matter how strongly your constituents cooperation in space, on preventing Navy training in the science of being "respon­ may agree or disagree with you, they in­ collisions at sea., on joining to fight pollu­ sive" than to place your name on a bal­ sist on thinking for themselves. The tion and cooperating in fields of health. lot where people can vote for or against praise or vituperation you read does not All of these are significant and even his­ toric, but the millenia.l epoch is not yet at you. Teaching responsiveness without represent the canned thoughts of a hand and the Russian bear has not changed standing for elective omce is like teach­ Washington-New York-Log Angeles or into docility. Nobody knows at this point ing swimming without using water. New Haven lobbyist, no matter how well whether the arms limitation accords are As the lobbyists study Congress, I am paid those opinion molders may be. going to be in good faith, or if a joint oper­ certain they would recognize the fair­ I would urge voters, concerned about ation 1n space will work out. ness in a congressional examination of the problems and policies facing our What may be fully as important a.s any of lobbyists. country, to buy an 8-cent stamp and these and, in fact, the determinant factor, are the personal contacts between the leaders The biggest spending lobby in the last write your own letter to your Congress­ of the two nations and their joint pledge to quarter of 1971 was Common Cause, man. It is cheaper than joining Common continue negotiating on a wide range of is- spending a reported $123,000 in 3 months. Cause-and more effective.