Using Field-Based Geodiversity Information in Schools
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USING FIELD-BASED GEODIVERSITY INFORMATION IN SCHOOLS. WHAT DO SCHOOLS WANT? HOW CAN RIGS AND CCW HELP? Cathie Brooks Alwyn Roberts A research project conducted for the Countryside Council for Wales October 2006 1 Content Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapters 1 Project Rationale 2 Research Design 3 Geodiversity in the National Curriculum for Wales Primary 3-11 Secondary 11-16 Secondary 16-19 4 Existing Geodiversity Resources Primary 3-11 Secondary 11-16 Secondary 16-19 Teachers 16-19 Regional 5 Research into Future Geodiversity needs Primary 3-11 Secondary 11-19 Examination Board personnel Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification Residential Centre personnel 6 Initiatives undertaken by this project Foundation Phase KS 2 & 3 KS 4 7 Case Study, Anglesey Primary 3-11 Secondary 11-16 Secondary 16-19 8 Conclusions and Recommendations 2 Appendices 1 Acknowledgements 2 Distribution and size of entry of: WJEC Advanced GCE geography and geology; WBQ, North Wales, 2005 3 Geodiversity Audit 3A Primary 3-11 3B Secondary 11-16 3C Secondary 16-19 3D Cross-curricular components 4 Existing Geodiversity Resources, detail on specific resources 4A Primary 3-11: ESTA 4B Secondary 11-16: UKRIGS 4C Field sites in current educational use in North Wales 4D Regional: N Wales RIGS 5 Questionnaires for future geodiversity needs 5A1 & A2 Primary schools 5B1 & B2 Geography departments in Secondary schools 5C1 & C2 Geology departments in Secondary schools 6 Details of initiatives undertaken 6A Adapting North Wales RIGS Urban Geology Trails for educational use 6B Proposed KS4 Earth science submission for WJEC KS4 Science practical test 7 Questionnaires, Case Study, Anglesey 7D1 & D2 Primary schools 7E1 & E2 Science departments in Secondary schools 3 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr Stewart Campbell CCW, Mr Carl Atkinson CCW, Mrs Nerys Mullally CCW, Dr Margaret Wood, GeoMộn and Gwynedd and Mộn RIGS, for their insightful inputs into the design, development and writing of this project. Many other individuals have also very willingly given us time and shared their experience and knowledge. Their considered opinions to the issues addressed by this report have been vital. We are indebted to the staff in many schools, WJEC officers and examiners, providers of geodiversity education, RIGS groups. We hope that the recommendations given in the report accurately reflect their views. The names of those who have contributed to this research project are found in Appendix 1. 4 Executive Summary 1. The main objective of this research project was to: ‘Set up a pilot study to establish the need for local Regionally Important Geodiversity field sites (RIGS) and other relevant field-based geodiversity resources as tools to deliver National Curriculum requirements within Science, Geology and Geography syllabi, through targeted liaison with teachers.’ (1.4) 2. To achieve this objective the project was further charged to establish: 1. the geological/geodiversity field-related resources that teachers require in order to deliver elements of the National Curriculum in science, geology and geography; 2. the capacity of teachers to deliver 1 (above) assuming the provision of the correct resources; 3. specific educational materials that are required to deliver the above (e.g. sites, worksheets, trails, thematic leaflets and web-based products); 4. a formal network of schools contacts to allow future delivery and dissemination of CCW and RIGS geoconservation products and initiatives. (1.4) 3. The project was designed to investigate: what geodiversity resources are required by a) the curriculum b) the teachers? what geodiversity resources are available c) from N Wales RIGS delete sites after all reference to RIGS d) from other sources? e) a comparison of the two main strands to identify gaps in provision and future needs. (2.1) 4. The research techniques used were: analysing databases of examination entry; internet searches; questionnaires; telephone interviews; face to face discussions with teachers, LEA advisers, field centre staff, examination personnel, North Wales RIGS members, existing providers of field-based Earth science resources. (2.5, 2.6, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.14) 5. An audit has been produced which tabulates geodiversity in the National Curriculum for Wales. This is separated into Primary 3-11, Secondary 11-16, Secondary 16-19 for ease of reference. (Appendices 3A, 3B, 3C) 6. Geodiversity is mandatory in some curricular areas; in others it is possible to use field- based geodiversity as a context in which to acquire understanding of concepts or development of skills. 7. Field-based geodiversity is mandatory in Advanced GCE and GCSE Geology. Other subjects which have field-based elements which may be based on geodiversity are Advanced GCE, GCSE and KS3 Geography and Advanced GCE and GCSE Environmental Science. GCSE and KS3 Science contain geodiversity but there is no tradition of linking this to field-based learning. KS2 and KS1 emphasise fieldwork but have limited reference to geodiversity. (3.6, 3.7, 3.8) 8. Geodiversity could have a large part to play in cross-curricular themes. The mandatory Personal and Social Education (PSE), includes environmental issues, as does Education 5 for Sustainable Development (ESD). Studying a part of Wales contributes to Curriculum Cymreig, and the majority of Key Skills can be addressed during fieldwork activities. The core of the Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (WBQ) could include field-based geodiversity. (3.2, 3.8.3, Appendix 3D) 9. The report is being written at a time of educational change. It is recommended that CCW/RIGS concentrate future resources on areas of curriculum review where large numbers of students are involved and also on courses which contain much geodiversity. This includes the Foundation phase, GCSE Science, Advanced GCE Geology and Geography. CCW/RIGS should maintain close links with Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (WBQ) as it moves out of the pilot phase. There is currently an opportunity for CCW/RIGS to lobby WAG for the inclusion of geodiversity in the development of criteria for Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC). (3.10) 10. Existing field-based geodiversity resources are divided into primary, secondary 11-16, secondary 16-19, teacher 16-19, regional resources, since the educational audience for each of these is different. Some of the resources were evaluated by teachers. (4.1) 11. Existing resources for all ages include workshops, CD Roms, free download and hard copies of articles, kits. Details for each Key Stage are found in Chapter 4. The most common topics covered are: limestone; graveyards; quarries. There are also resources on coasts and sustainability issues. (4) 12. Resources available for field-based geodiversity of North Wales include: RIGS audits; RIGS Urban Geology Trail leaflets written for the public; Earth Science Education Unit (ESEU), Keele provides a programme of free INSET; Web-based databases provided by British Geological Society (BGS) and Environment Agency Wales; Booklets to accompany geological trails, in the main very dated. The RIGS material is not adapted for educational use. (4.10.1, 4.7.1, 4.8) 13. There is extensive educational material in existence on field-based geodiversity of other regions. In England, UKRIGS, Earth Science On-Site Project (ESOS); Cheshire RIGS English Nature’s (Natural England’s) website home page Scottish Earth Science Education Forum (SESEF) and Earth Science Education Unit, Keele (ESEU) have produced a variety of resources to support the teaching of 5-14 Environmental Studies in Scotland British Geological Survey (BGS) and National Museum of Wales along with WAG administering the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF) have provided a free interactive bilingual CD Rom and workshops for pupils and teachers. This is an educational development to accompany a research study on the sustainability of geodiversity resources in the Bristol Channel BGS is currently combining resources on the Mendips Assynt Geopark has provided virtual reality field trips Devon has produced a CD Rom Somerset CC has produced downloadable material in a case study of a local river catchment (4.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.10.2) 6 14. Most teachers were unaware of the majority of these existing resources. It is recommended that CCW, with its educational brief for geodiversity, plays a pivotal role in disseminating such information to teachers. There is an important role for an Educational Adviser within CCW. (4) 15. The project has identified future school needs for geodiversity resources through the use of questionnaires and interviews with teachers and other educational personnel. The Primary School survey revealed the following. Teachers indicated that they would benefit from geodiversity resources for the proposed Foundation Phase. A large number of schools already use the CCW educational pack on Snowdon and they would like to see similar publications on other areas. Information about RIGS sites should be adapted for use in primary schools. Other towns should be included in the Urban Geology Trails to cover a wider area with associated work-sheets. Schools across North Wales indicated that they would support the GeoMôn Geopark. It was suggested that some of the web-sites they were shown should be translated into the Welsh language. (5.1) The Secondary Schools 11-19 survey was based mainly on questionnaires returned by Geography teachers, meetings held with science teachers on Anglesey and two teachers of Advanced GCE Geology. The survey revealed the following. Teachers felt that CCW should prepare a bilingual fieldwork booklet on geomorphological fieldwork. RIGS were seen as being too specialised for geography students but more information about geomorphological features would be welcomed. RIGS for geological use should be in the form of detailed resources and worksheets for a few selected safe sites for all age groups to illustrate points of interest with web-based materials to enable individual school development for more local or inaccessible sites. Sites developed in localities close to the school were requested. The sites should be prepared in the form of a day’s trip.