Free Soil Movement in Illinois
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Supreme Court of the United States
No. 17-1200 ================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- --------------------------------- INDEPENDENT PARTY, ET AL., Petitioners, v. ALEX PADILLA, CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE, Respondent. --------------------------------- --------------------------------- On Petition For Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit --------------------------------- --------------------------------- BRIEF OF CITIZENS IN CHARGE AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS --------------------------------- --------------------------------- PAUL A. ROSSI Counsel of Record 316 Hill Street Mountville, PA 17554 (717) 961-8978 [email protected] Counsel for Amicus Curiae ================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i QUESTION PRESENTED Whether the party names INDEPENDENT PARTY and AMERICAN INDEPENDENT PARTY are so sim- ilar to each other that voters will be misled if both of them appeared on the same California ballot. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTION PRESENTED................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................... ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................. ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST ............................. 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ..................................................... 2 ARGUMENT ........................................................ 3 CONCLUSION .................................................... -
Active Political Parties in Village Elections
YEAR ACTIVE POLITICAL PARTIES IN VILLAGE ELECTIONS 1894 1895 1896 1897 Workingman’s Party People’s Party 1898 Workingman’s Party Citizen’s Party 1899 Workingman’s Party Citizen’s Party 1900 Workingman’s Party Citizen’s Party 1901 Workingman’s Party Citizen’s Party 1902 Citizen’s Party Reform Party Independent Party 1903 Citizen’s Party Independent Party 1904 Citizen’s Party No Opposition 1905 Citizen’s Party Union Party 1906 Citizen’s Party Union Party 1907 Citizen’s Party Union Party 1908 Citizen’s Party Union Party 1909 Citizen’s Party Union Party 1910 Citizen’s Party No Opposition 1911 Citizen’s Party People’s Party 1912 Citizen’s Party People’s Party 1913 Citizen’s Party No Opposition 1914 Citizen’s Party People’s Party 1915 Citizen’s Party People’s Party 1916 Citizen’s Party Independent Party American Party 1917 Citizen’s Party American Party 1918 Citizen’s Party American Party 1919 Citizen’s Party American Party 1920 Citizen’s Party American Party 1921 Citizen’s Party American Party 1922 Citizen’s Party American Party 1923 Citizen’s Party American Party 1924 Citizen’s Party American Party Independent Party 1925 Citizen’s Party American party 1926 Citizen’s party American Party 1927 Citizen’s Party No Opposition 1928 Citizen’s Party American Party 1929 Citizen’s Party American Party 1930 Citizen’s Party American Party 1931 Citizen’s Party American Party 1932 Citizen’s Party American Party 1933 Citizen’s Party American Party 1934 Citizen’s Party American Party 1935 Citizen’s Party American Party 1936 Citizen’s Party Old Citizen’s -
OFFICIAL 2020 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS General Election Date: 11/03/2020 OFFICIAL 2016 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS
OFFICIAL 2020 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS General Election Date: 11/03/2020 OFFICIAL 2016 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS General Election Date: 11/08/2016 Source: State Elections Offices* SOURCE: State Elections Offices* STATE ELECTORAL ELECTORAL VOTES CAST FOR ELECTORAL VOTES CAST FOR VOTES JOSEPH R. BIDEN (D) DONALD J. TRUMP (R) AL 9 9 AK 3 3 AZ 11 11 AR 6 6 CA 55 55 CO 9 9 CT 7 7 DE 3 3 DC 3 3 FL 29 29 GA 16 16 HI 4 4 ID 4 4 IL 20 20 IN 11 11 IA 6 6 KS 6 6 KY 8 8 LA 8 8 ME 4 3 1 MD 10 10 MA 11 11 MI 16 16 MN 10 10 MS 6 6 MO 10 10 MT 3 3 NE 5 1 4 NV 6 6 NH 4 4 NJ 14 14 NM 5 5 NY 29 29 NC 15 15 ND 3 3 OH 18 18 OK 7 7 OR 7 7 PA 20 20 RI 4 4 SC 9 9 SD 3 3 TN 11 11 TX 38 38 UT 6 6 VT 3 3 VA 13 13 WA 12 12 WV 5 5 WI 10 10 WY 3 3 Total: 538 306 232 Total Electoral Votes Needed to Win = 270 - Page 1 of 12 - OFFICIAL 2020 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS General Election Date: 11/03/2020 SOURCE: State Elections Offices* STATE BIDEN BLANKENSHIP BODDIE CARROLL CHARLES AL 849,624 AK 153,778 1,127 AZ 1,672,143 13 AR 423,932 2,108 1,713 CA 11,110,250 2,605 559 CO 1,804,352 5,061 2,515 2,011 CT 1,080,831 219 11 DE 296,268 1 87 8 DC 317,323 FL 5,297,045 3,902 854 GA 2,473,633 61 8 701 65 HI 366,130 931 ID 287,021 1,886 163 IL 3,471,915 18 9,548 75 IN 1,242,416 895 IA 759,061 1,707 KS 570,323 KY 772,474 7 408 43 LA 856,034 860 1,125 2,497 ME 435,072 MD 1,985,023 4 795 30 MA 2,382,202 MI 2,804,040 7,235 963 MN 1,717,077 75 1,037 112 MS 539,398 1,279 1,161 MO 1,253,014 3,919 664 MT 244,786 23 NE 374,583 NV 703,486 3,138 NH 424,937 -
The Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Schism of 1948
DR. MiTAU is professor of political .science and cochairman of his department in Macalester College at St. Paul. He is actively interested in state politics, and he is thus especially well qualified to write about Minnesota's recent political history. The Democratic-Farmer-Labor PARTY SCHISM of 1948 G. THEODORE MITAU BEHIND the lively events of the Demo Thus the fervor for social justice and cratic-Farmer-Labor party schism of 1948 a economic opportunity has long had organ long and complex background of political izational expression in Minnesota, even protest can be traced. As one writer has put though success in national elections has it, Minnesota "through most of its history been rare and erratic. Along with other has shown symptoms of political schizo Midwestern states, Minnesota witnessed the phrenia. On the one hand, it was the staid well-known patterns of protest, genuinely dowager, as reliably Republican as its down- active, rich in condemnation of the rail East Yankee sisters; on the other, it had skit roads, monopolies, and Wall Street, and tish moments during which it produced a proud of the righteous blasts from such brood of third parties or helped raise the "tribunes of the people" as Ignatius Don radical offspring of its neighbors."^ Espe nelly, A. C. Townley, Magnus Johnson, and cially in periods of economic depression, Floyd B. Olson. The quest for success at the voices of agrarian and urban protest, often polls, which would translate platform and discordant and intense, have risen from the program into actual pubhc policy, caused mining pits of the Mesabi Range, from the leaders of the Populist movement to experi slaughterhouses and railroad shops of the ment with various types of political tactics. -
Voting for Minor Parties in the Antebellum Midwest
Voting for Minor Parties in the Antebellum Midwest Ray M. Shortridge" During the two decades preceeding the Civil War, three important minor parties contested presidential elections in the Midwest. These parties raised issues which the major parties, the Democrats and Whigs, chose to ignore. Two of the minor parties, the Liberty party and the Free Soil party, injected antislaveryism into presidential elections in 1844, 1848, and 1852; the third, the American party, campaigned on nativist principles in 1856. Although the Democrats and Whigs were strongly entrenched in the region, the minor parties exerted significant influence in midwestern politics. Midwesterners played important roles in the development of antislavery doc- trines and in the organization of the antislavery parties.' The electorate in the region responded to these efforts by the lead- ers: from 2.2 percent to 7.6 percent of the estimated eligible electorate in the Midwest voted for the Liberty or Free Soil parties in the presidential elections from 1844 to 1852.2 Al- though the major strength of the nativist Know Nothing movement lay elsewhere, Know Nothing or American party candidates garnered votes from 6.9 percent of the Midwest's estimated electorate in 1856. Moreover, in 1860 both the anti- * Ray M. Shortridge is a managing partner of Shortridge Farms, Medora, Indiana, and adjunct assistant professor of political science, University of Louisville. He wishes to acknowledge the helpful criticism of Jerome Clubb, Paul Kleppner, and Erik Austin. For example see Dwight L. Dumond, Antislavery: The Crusade for Free- dom in America (Ann Arbor, 1961); Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1970), 73-102. -
Political Parties
Political Parties Political Parties by Susan LaBella Do you know what a political party is? It has nothing to do with birthdays. A political party is a group of people who have similar ideas about what the government should do. They work together to elect people of their party into government office. The United States has two big political parties. One is the Democratic Party. The other is the Republican Party. Many other, smaller parties also exist. Political parties in the United States nominate, or choose, the people they want to elect. Once those people are chosen, party members work to win votes for their candidates. Party members want their candidates to be the ones making laws and the ones carrying out those laws. The Democratic Party is the United States' oldest political party. It began nearly two hundred years ago. Democrats who became president include Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. ReadWorks.org · © 2014 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. Political Parties The Republican Party began in the 1850s. It was nicknamed the "Grand Old Party," or GOP. Republican presidents have included Donald Trump, George W. Bush, and his father, George H.W. Bush. Many Americans are members of a political party. No one has to be a member of any party to vote in an election, however. In the end, the voters decide which candidates get elected. ReadWorks.org · © 2014 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. Political Parties - Comprehension Questions Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________ 1. What is a political party? A. a group of people who work together to celebrate politics B. -
Political Parties
Political Parties Carl Johnson Government Jenks High School Political Parties and What They Do Political Parties are one way in which people can participate in politics A political party is a group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office There are two major political parties in the United States today Republicans Democrats Functions of Political Parties There are five functions of a political party 1. Nominating function – Selection of candidates who are then presented to voters (Recruitment) Work to get candidates elected to office This sets them apart from other groups in politics Is an exclusive function of the party Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 2. Informer/Stimulator Function – Campaign for their candidates Take position on the issues Criticize the candidates and positions of their opponents Selects information to be presented that puts their party in the best possible light Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 2. Informer/Stimulator Function – Educates the voters through the use of Pamphlets Signs Buttons Stickers Advertisements Speeches, Rallies and Conventions Goal is to win the election by attracting the most voters possible, while at the same time offending the least amount of voters possible Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 3. Bonding Agent Function – Ensures the good performance of its candidates and officeholders Screens potential candidates for qualifications and character Prompts it’s successful candidates to perform well in office Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 4. Governing Function – Our government is a government by party Organized along party lines Partisanship – the strong support of the party and it’s stance on the issues Most appointments to executive offices are made with party considerations Parties provide a basis for the conduct of government Cooperation between the branches is essential if anything is to be accomplished Parties allow the branches to cooperate Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 5. -
“Two-Party System”? How Has It Effected American Politics / Elections?
American Political Parties What are major / third political parties? What is the “two-party system”? How has it effected American politics / elections? What Is a Political Party? • A political party is a group of citizens who agree on major issues facing the nation – Economic, social, foreign policy, etc. • This group works together to win elections and create public policies that reflect their views of society Political Parties in the US • The United States has a “two-party system”. – Two (2) major parties – Both parties work to win over voters and control of local, state, and national offices • Why only two parties? – Our History – Tradition – Our Election System What is the difference between a “liberal” and a “conservative”? • “Liberal” - • “Conservative” - – Equal rights of all – Personal empowerment individuals – Limited government – Government protection / – Personal liberty assistance – Keep the status quo (unless…) – Gradual change • Issues: • Issues: – Equal rights for all – Less taxation / assistance – Social services – More traditional values – Government assistance – More economic independence US Political Spectrum “Left” “Right” “Left” “Right” Radicals Reactionaries “move forward quickly” “go back” to the old days How do these terms effect our American political parties? • Democrats: • Republicans: – (“liberal” - “the left”) – (“conservative” - “the right”) • Beliefs: • Beliefs: “ ” – Big Government – “Small” government – Strict Regulations – Less Regulations – More social programs – Less taxes / spending – Pro-Choice – Pro-Life – Smaller military – Strong military Parties Move Towards The Center • A platform is a statement that puts forth the party's positions on issues. – Each individual issue is called a plank. • Both parties want votes. As a result, parties moving away from extreme positions. – “Moderate” (“The Middle”) Not to Be Confused with… Hamilton vs. -
The Farmer-Labor Party Convention: Chicago — July 11-14, 1920
Buck: The 1920 Farmer-Labor Party Convention [July 11-14, 1920] 1 The Farmer-Labor Party Convention: Chicago — July 11-14, 1920. by Robert M. Buck Published as “Principles are Discussed First” in The New Majority [Chicago], v. 4, no. 3 (July 17, 1920), pp. 1-2, and “Platform Worth Fighting For” in The New Majority [Chicago], v. 4, no. 4 (July 24, 1920), pp. 1-2. Unsigned account attributed to editor Robert Buck. The 2nd National Convention of the Labor Party Forty-Eighters Offer Parley. of the United States convened in Street Car Men’s Hall, Chicago, July 11 [1920], for the purpose of adopting A resolution from the Committee of Forty-Eight a platform and nominating candidates for President which was read by C.F. France of Washington, asked and Vice President of the United States. the Labor Party convention provide for a subcommit- The general routine of the convention each day tee selected from the platform committee to confer is herewith recorded: with a similar committee of the Committee of Forty- Eight, that these two committees meet with a firm de- Sunday’s Session [July 11, 1920]. termination to attain a platform of fundamentals upon which both conventions could unite, a method for The convention was called to order at 11:15 am concerted political action, and common candidates. by Max Hayes, temporary chairman. Mr. Hayes rapped Considerable discussion was aroused over the to order with a hammer, while someone was looking Committee on Conferences which had been appointed for a gavel. “This tool,” said Mr. Hayes, “is emblem- by the National Executive Committee to meet with atical of what we are going to do to the old parties this committees of other groups, including the Single-Tax- year.” He called attention to the delegates of the treach- ers and the Forty-Eighters. -
Chapter 07 Political Parties
Name: Class: Date: Chapter 07 Political Parties 1. A(n) _____ can be defined as a group of individuals who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine policy. a. political party b. congressional committee c. parliament d. union e. electorate 2. Which of the following is true of political parties? a. The concept of political parties is undefined in the U.S. Constitution. b. The development of political parties was foreseen in the American political history. c. The founders of the U.S. Constitution considered political parties as a practical need that would link the citizens to the government. d. There are four major political parties in the United States. e. The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists were formed after the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. 3. _____ in his Farewell Address said that the "spirit of party . agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection." a. George Washington b. John Adams c. Thomas Jefferson d. Andrew Jackson e. Daniel Webster 4. Which of the following statements is true of the history of American political parties? a. Political parties were embraced by America's founding fathers as a necessary element of a functioning democracy. b. The role of political parties was clearly defined by America's founders. c. Two major political factions were formed in America even before the Constitution was ratified. d. Throughout the course of American history, the major political parties have not changed their ideologies. e. The Democratic Party was the first political party in America. -
The Dixiecrat Movement of 1948: a Study in Political Conflict
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1972 The Dixiecrat Movement of 1948: A Study in Political Conflict Michael Terrence Lavin College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Lavin, Michael Terrence, "The Dixiecrat Movement of 1948: A Study in Political Conflict" (1972). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624778. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-e3mx-tj71 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DIXIECRAT MOVEMENT OF 1948 A STUDY IN POLITICAL CONFLICT A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Government The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Michael Terrence Lavin 1972 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, May, 1972 Warner Moss 0 - Roger Sjnith V S t Jac^Edwards ii TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................... iv / LIST OF T A B L E S ..................................... v LIST OP FIGURES ............. Vii ABSTRACT .......... ' . viii INTRODUCTION . ..... 2 CHAPTER I. THE CHARACTERISTICS OP THE BLACK BELT REGIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH ..... 9 CHAPTER II. THE CHARACTERISTICS OP THE DIXIECRAT MOVEMENT OP 19^8 .......... -
The Free Soil Party Convention in Buffalo August 9 & 10, 1848 The
The Free Soil Party Convention in Buffalo August 9 & 10, 1848 By John Fagant The city of Buffalo played a vital role not only in the 1848 presidential election but also in the rising antislavery movement of the same year. The June party convention for the Whigs in Philadelphia nominated Zachary Taylor for president and a Buffalonian – Millard Fillmore – for vice-president. Fillmore was well known to the national Whig party members as he had served for several years in Congress, including a stint as the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee (1841-1843). He was one of the favorites to receive the 1844 vice-presidential nomination until New York State politics interfered to keep the nomination away from him. However, four years later and not expecting the role, Fillmore was placed on the national ticket. Just weeks after having one of its own chosen as a vice-presidential candidate, Buffalo played host to an extremely important political convention; that of the Free Soil Party – arguably the most important third party in American history. During the second week of August, in the midst of a hot, sweltering summer heat, 20,000 strong (some estimated as high as 40,000) poured into the Queen City to form a new political party. Diverse members of the major parties were present- New York “Barnburners” and the Wilmot Proviso Democrats, the “Conscience” Whigs from New England, zealous antislavery Whigs, most notably from the Western Reserve in Ohio and Wisconsin. Also in Buffalo were abolitionists, Liberty Party men, Henry Clay men, Land Reformers and even several African-Americans.