Environmental Analysis

Environmental Analysis 4 Overlook

Environmental Analysis 100

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

impacts to the environment. These SUMMARY impacts could include soil disturbance, The California Department of Parks dust, increased erosion, altered and Recreation is the lead agency drainage patterns, lowered water responsible for the preparation of quality, degradation of cultural environmental review documentation resources, and degradation of sensitive for the proposed Santa Susana Pass plant communities or populations of State Historic Park General Plan in plants or animals. As a program EIR compliance with the California (first-tier, Guidelines Secs. 15166, Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) as 15168), the General Plan identifies required by Public Resources Code potential broad-level environmental Sections 5002.2 and 21000 et seq. This impacts and mitigation. Additional General Plan provides guidelines for environmental review, specific long-term management, development, mitigation proposals, and monitoring and operation of Santa Susana Pass will be required under CEQA, State Historic Park. This Guidelines Sections 15152 and 15385, Environmental Analysis Section and as management or development plans other sections of this document, are proposed. All potentially incorporated by reference, constitute significant new adverse impacts will the first tier Environmental Impact be avoided, minimized, or mitigated Report (EIR) as defined in Sections below a level of significance. 15152, 15166, 15168 and 15385 of the 101 PROJECT DESCRIPTION CEQA Guidelines. It should be recognized that the level of detail Because the General Plan and EIR are addressed by this EIR is commensurate contained in a single document, the with the level of detail provided in the project description is discussed in the land-use proposals of the General Plan. Introduction (page 3) and Plan Section (page 57). In summary, the proposed As subsequent site-specific projects Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park (such as a Visitor Center or Staging General Plan includes modifications to Area) and management plans are land-use designations, the incor- proposed, they will be subject to poration of new guidelines for the further environmental review. protection of natural and cultural Appropriate environmental documents resources, and the development of will be prepared with specific appropriate recreational, interpretive, mitigation measures, as necessary, and operational facilities. when subsequent projects are proposed. The General Plan proposes to: Development, maintenance and use of • Establish management zones, facilities such as buildings, parking goals and guidelines to protect lots, campsites, trails, picnic areas, sensitive resources. interpretive stations, utilities, and • Consolidate visitor-serving septic systems have the potential for facilities and access points at significant short-term and long-term gateway areas and secondary

Environmental Analysis access points located in existing meetings and six stakeholder locations and less sensitive or meetings), three plan alternatives were previously disturbed locations. considered during development of the proposed general plan. Each plan was • Provide accessible interpretive and recreational programs to the presented at the public meetings. It public. was emphasized at the meetings that one plan did not need to be selected The General Plan also establishes the over another, but rather elements from primary interpretive themes for each plan could be intermixed, to programs and activities. Additionally, create the best plan possible given the this General Plan contains specific often conflicting needs of resource proposals to consolidate the Park’s protection, visitor recreation and trail system and eliminate duplicate or education, and neighboring volunteer trails and relocate several communities. trails away from sites with sensitive resources. The Preferred Plan was originally developed to incorporate public ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING comment and the increasing amount of Please refer to the description of the resource and operational data environmental setting in the earlier discovered during the planning and sections: Existing Conditions and public involvement process. However, Issues (page 15), Natural Resources at the third public meeting, additional (page 16), Cultural Resources (page concerns were raised and a series of 25), Aesthetic Resources (page 42), stakeholder meetings were held to gain 102 Recreational Resources (page 43), additional input. The Preferred Plan Planning Influences (page 49), and was changed to reflect a number of Appendices A through F. these concerns. Locations for secondary public access to the Park Because the Park is situated in a were changed as well as some of the mountainous pass between the City of concepts for proposed uses. For Los Angeles’ San Fernando Valley and example, the existing public access at Simi Valley in Ventura County, Jeffrey Mark Court will be closed and vehicular access to the Park is limited moved to another location to the east. to a few trailheads with parking either on City of Los Angeles streets or parks The Preferred Alternative (Preferred or Ventura County streets. There are a Plan) is discussed in the Plan Section number of trail access points into the starting on page 57 and shown in Park from local streets and three local Figure 5 (page 93). The alternatives parks. Please refer to Figure 2 which were developed to show a range in the shows the existing access into the amounts of land placed in different Park. management zones and the resulting effect that these zone designations may PLAN ALTERNATIVES have on the uses allowed within each Based on the accumulation of area. These alternatives are shown in information from resource studies, Figure 6 and are compared in the other agencies, Park managers, and the following Alternatives Matrix general public (at three public (Table 4).

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Table 4: Alternatives Matrix

Alternative 1/Least Preferred Plan Alternative 2 Environmentally Damaging Primary Historic Zone 155 acres* 248 acres* 174 acres* Scenic Ridge Zone 465 acres* 389 acres* 445 acres* North Forty Zone 21 acres* 2 acres* 21 acres* Riparian Zone 40 acres* 41 acres* 39 acres* Gateway Zone & Gateway = 2 Gateway = 2 Gateway = 4 Secondary Access Points Secondary Access = 4 Secondary Access = 5 Secondary Access = 2 Trail Mileage 9.2 miles 5 miles 9.5 miles Protects the most sensitive Essentially unchanged from resources with implementation existing conditions. Trails and Same as Preferred Plan except has of the General Plan guidelines. riparian area subject to erosion, Natural Resources fewer trails and potential All new potentially significant compaction, & denuded vegetation. wildlife/visitor conflicts. impacts will be below Potential significant impacts with significance. increased use over time. Provides protection for all Better protection than Preferred Plan Allows potential development in an significant cultural resources. because users are not active in areas area with sensitive prehistoric Cultural Resources No potentially significant with the most sensitive resources cultural resources. Potential unmitigated impacts. and the type of use is limited. significant unmitigable impacts. Potentially adverse visual Overall, better than the Preferred effects due to the introduction Plan because there would be less Alternative 2 would have similar of new facilities into the Park. development and fewer trails. effects to the Preferred Plan, Aesthetics Facilities will be designed to fit However, this alternative still may although some facility locations are the topography but may create a create a significant adverse visual in different areas. significant adverse effect to effect to some viewers because some some viewers. facilities will still be constructed. Reduction of some trail experiences for various user Alternative 2 would leave the trails groups due to the consolidation Significant reduction of recreational in essentially the same condition as Recreation and closure of some trails. experience for trail users of all types the existing network with some Other opportunities will be in the Park. consolidation of trails. made available to at least partially mitigate this effect.

Potential effect due to new Same as Preferred Plan except for Less effect than the Preferred Plan Geological, Land Form, development but less than a slightly greater potential for because less development would be and Water Resources significant due to location and erosion and reduced water quality proposed. future design of facilities. from trail use.

Provides a unique trail, cultural, and scenic experience and Less quality of recreational Visitor Services & education to the people of experience than the Preferred Plan Same as Preferred Plan Interpretation California including those with and a loss of existing recreational little opportunity to otherwise resources and trail use. visit remote areas. Park Operations Allows for efficient park Same as Preferred Plan except for operations, compliance with the Same as the Preferred Plan but potentially requiring more Americans with Disabilities Act fewer facilities to serve. personnel for resource protection of 1990, and Access to Parks enforcement Guidelines. *All acreage figures are rounded. The Gateway Zone and Secondary Access Points acreage amounts are included under the North Forty or Scenic Ridge acreages. Note: See following page for No Project Alternative

Preferred Alternative The Primary Historic Zone modifies The Preferred Plan the existing National Register property boundary within the Park to better The Preferred Alternative (Figure 5) is protect the resources, while allowing discussed in full in the Plan Section. for maximum interpretation and The following is a brief synopsis of the recreational use in the southern half of six proposed zones: Gateway Zone, the Park. Secondary Access Points, North Forty Zone, Primary Historic Zone, Riparian The Riparian Zone contains the major Zone, and the Scenic Ridge Zone. The drainage of the Park, which runs Preferred Alternative also introduces parallel with Santa Susana Pass Road. the gateway concept of consolidating This zone serves as an important contact stations, infrastructure, and wildlife corridor to adjoining open new facilities into the least spaces and a high aesthetic value, for it environmentally damaging areas near is a welcome and lush retreat within the points of greatest public contact. Park’s boulder strewn landscape. The Gateway Zone is located along the The Scenic Ridge Zone encompasses Park’s boundaries and provides major the majority of the Park’s rock arrival points into the core of the Park. outcroppings and ridges. This zone is This zone will provide visitor to remain rustic in nature with minimal orientation and support facilities such development such as interpretive as interpretation, restroom facilities, programs and trails. and parking. Under the tiered environmental 104 Secondary Access Points enhance trail process, changes from existing connections to adjoining open spaces conditions and operations proposed by and to maintain access to neighboring CDPR must undergo additional communities. The level of improve- environmental review to avoid or ments in these zones will be minor, minimize impacts to resources. with limited parking and visitor However, the proposed trail system in orientation elements such as signage the Preferred Alternative will and minor restroom facilities. consolidate existing trails into specific alignments and close trails in several The North Forty Zone is on the locations to protect sensitive natural northern fringe of the Park immediately and cultural resources. adjacent to Santa Susana Pass Road. This area contains steep topography as No Project Alternative well as flat areas that could be Public Resource Code Section 5003 developed into camping or staging states that before substantial work may areas. be proposed within a state park, there The Primary Historic Zone lies in the must be a general plan. Therefore, the southern half of the Park and contains a existing conditions, lack of needed high concentration of cultural resources facilities and trail management, and that are unique for their historical, other park management limitations archeological, and scientific would continue if the General Plan significance. This zone includes the were not adopted. Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Under the No Project Alternative, ment and enforcement incorporated heightened protection for the distinct into the Preferred Plan. Alternative 1 natural and cultural features found would also preclude the opportunity for within the Park would not be a campground in the North Forty Zone, established. Despite current efforts to although it would allow for remote protect, rehabilitate, or restore such camping in the Scenic Ridge Zone. features, visitor-use patterns over time Alternative 2 could be expected to impact these features. Without a General Plan, a Alternative 2 combines the Gateway holistic approach for protecting these concept of an earlier generation of the features through management zones Preferred Alternative while continuing and other planning efforts will not be the existing land-use designations at adequately implemented. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. This Alternative would allow uses to The No Project Alternative will make it continue in their current condition difficult for the District to within the Primary Historic Zone and systematically address land-use and Riparian Zone. This alternative would visitor-use issues. Consolidating or also expand visitor uses from the improving visitor-use or operational current condition through the facilities (including trails) to minimize placement of gateways in four environmental impacts, enhance park locations within the Park. interpretation, and create a higher quality of visitor experience would be It is not preferred because it does not difficult to execute under the No offer enough resource protection Project Alternative. particularly to sensitive resources 105 identified on pages 16 to 54 in the Alternative 1 (Environmentally General Plan/Environmental Impact Preferred Alternative) Report, Appendices A, B, and C and While Alternative 1 (see map on the Resource Inventory (Appendix G, page 95) provides additional protection under separate cover), given the current to sensitive resources, it has an adverse knowledge of visitor impacts and past effect on certain existing outdoor uses. Specifically, it would allow recreation activities including continued trail use through sensitive equestrian use, mountain bike use, and biological and cultural resource areas. hiking. These activities would be Impacts associated with visitor use in restricted to fewer trails, providing these areas include degradation of only 5 miles of trails in relation to the sensitive cultural resources and 9.2 miles of trails in the Preferred Plan. potential habitat and wildlife barriers This alternative could cause a with the riparian zone. Since these are significant impact to recreation and is existing uses, it would not create not within the general public’s level of immediate new adverse effects on these acceptable change. Furthermore, CDPR resources but would, instead, allow contends that sensitive resources can be these impacts to continue or increase as adequately protected, in compliance the Park’s visitor use increases over with existing policies and regulations, time. Park managers are directed to through resource-protective goals and protect these resources from damage guidelines and site-specific manage- through resource policies including

Environmental Analysis DOM Section 0300, Natural significant environmental effects, a Resources; DOM Section 0400, table was developed to represent a Cultural Resources; the Cultural reasonable set of scenarios for visitor Resources Management Handbook; use and development that would be and other policies set forth in allowed in each management zone Department Resource Management under the proposed General Plan Directives. (Table_5, Reasonable Projections of Additionally, it does not remove the Development). existing public access at Jeffrey Mark The scenario presented, represents one Court and proposes additional of many potential scenarios that would gateways at that location and at Lilac be allowed in each zone. Within the Lane. Designations of gateways in range of possibilities, the scenarios these areas were opposed by nearby depicted portray the most extensive residents and were removed from the development that should be reasonably Preferred Alternative after the third expected. The actual choice of types, public meeting and subsequent sizes, and locations of facilities to be stakeholder meetings. developed within each zone will be determined during preparation of ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF subsequent specific project plans, as THE PREFERRED PLAN the need arises and/or funds are The Preferred Alternative for the available for their implementation. General Plan proposes to designate park management zones in order to The decisions made in these planning efforts will be consistent with the goals 106 limit the geographical area in which certain types of activities and and guidelines of the General Plan and development can occur and to establish based on many factors including goals and objectives for determining natural and cultural resource appropriate amounts of these activities protection, and visitor experience. and developments within each zone These plans will undergo further (pages 91 to 98 and Figure 5). The environmental review when they are Parkwide Management Goals and prepared, in accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section (pages 58 to 80) guidelines. provides further direction for managing As illustrated in Figure 5 the majority the Park as a whole, including visitor of potential development would be use, development, and environmental contained in the Gateway Zone. Within protection. the zones encompassing the rest of the As this is a General Plan, other than for Park, no significant development is trail use, specific proposals for proposed. However, there will likely be potential visitor use and development a moderate increase in day-use have not yet been developed. visitation in response to regional Therefore, identification and discussion population increases and the level of of potential significant effects of the use in the Gateway Zone. General Plan proposals are also general The Notice of Preparation identified in nature. Nevertheless, to convey the that the General Plan, or projects purpose of these proposals and to aid in carried out under its guidance, may the analysis of their potential have environmental effects relative to

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

geologic features, erosion, water environmental effects contained in the quality, transportation, biological General Plan, any management plans, resources, fire and geologic hazards, and specific project plans will reduce aesthetics, cultural resources, and negative impacts to a level below recreation. The following sections significance. If a specific project does identify and discuss the relative not conform to the guidelines contained significance of these effects. within the General Plan or subsequent management plans, or if mitigation UNAVOIDABLE AND cannot reduce negative impacts to a IRREVERSIBLE SIGNIFICANT level below significance, the project EFFECTS will not be implemented. Therefore, The purpose of the land-use there are no new unavoidable designations (i.e., management zones significant environmental effects and classifications) and the resulting from implementation of the management goals and guidelines General Plan. presented in the General Plan are to avoid, minimize, or mitigate significant SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS AND environmental effects of facility PROPOSED MITIGATION development, maintenance, operations, CDPR does not have adopted and visitor use. Of primary concern is thresholds for significance due to the the protection of cultural resources, vast diversity of the units within the particularly in the Primary Historic state park system. However, CDPR Zone, and the maintenance of wildlife resource specialists and environmental corridors. review staff evaluate the context and 107 Implementation of specific projects intensity of existing and proposed uses such as development of a Visitor in each park setting, prior to Center, campgrounds, or equestrian determining the potential level of staging areas, has the potential to cause significance of adopting the General significant short-term and long-term Plan and its goals, guidelines, and effects on the environment. Long-term proposed land uses. effects could include negative impacts Even though the majority of the to geological, hydrological, natural, proposed development will be cultural, and aesthetical resources contained to very limited portions of resulting from development, the Park, development, maintenance, maintenance, and use of visitor-use and use of facilities such as roads, facilities, trails, picnic areas, sanitary buildings, trails, parking lots, disposal or systems, and parking areas. campsites, picnic areas, utilities, and Short-term effects could include soil septic systems have the potential for disturbance, dust, increased erosion, significant short- and long-term altered drainage patterns, water quality impacts to the environment. These impacts, degradation of cultural impacts could include soil disturbance, resources, or disturbance or dust, increased erosion, altered degradation of sensitive plant or animal drainage patterns, lowered water populations. quality, degradation of cultural Implementation of measures to avoid, resources, and degradation of sensitive minimize, or mitigate significant

Environmental Analysis plant communities or populations of Future projects will follow General plant or animal. Plan goals and guidelines, and any Aesthetics specific management plans containing guiding criteria or mitigation measures Impacts: Construction activities for limiting impacts to the physical associated with development and natural and cultural resources that maintenance of facilities, particularly provide the Park’s unique aesthetic in the Gateway Zone, Secondary characteristics (see pages 58 to 90). To Access Points, and North Forty Zone, avoid, minimize, or mitigate negative have the potential to cause significant impacts to aesthetic resources, impacts to aesthetic resources (i.e., mitigation measures that are deemed viewsheds). appropriate and necessary at the time a Discussion: The expansive views, project is scoped for implementation natural appearance of geological and will be incorporated. biological features, and quiet solitude Mitigation AR 1: Design and review of are significant characteristics of the proposed projects and activities shall Park that are highly valued by the consider potential effects to site- public. The General Plan recognizes specific aesthetic resources including this (see page 57) and limits the Park’s regional characteristics and themes, overall development and visitor viewsheds, dark skies, and densities. Future facilities are restricted topographical, geological, cultural, and to specific zones representing a small natural features. Design and percentage of the Park’s acreage. The construction measures that avoid, 108 Gateway Zone and North Forty Zone minimize, or mitigate these effects will allow for the most intensive shall be incorporated into every development that may occur within the project. Park including a visitor center, restrooms, campsites, maintenance Biological Resources facilities and electrical hookups, and Impact: Activities involving the has the highest potential for negative manipulation of vegetation or impacts to aesthetic resources. disturbance of wildlife and their habitat However, smaller facilities located in including development, maintenance, the other management zones also have and recreational activities, have the the potential to negatively affect potential to negatively affect aesthetic resources. Future projects endangered, threatened, or rare species should be designed to be consistent and special status habitats. with cultural, historical, and natural Discussion: Many of the General Plan characteristics and themes of Santa goals and guidelines address the Susana Pass State Historic Park. protection and management of natural Structures should be aesthetically resources. Management of biotic pleasing to the eye, as well as blending resources includes maintenance of in with the environment and fitting native plant communities, inventory with the natural contours of the land, in and monitoring programs, protection of order to limit grading and visual special status plants and animals, impacts. control of nonnative plants and animals, protection of habitat buffers

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

and movement corridors, and project activities cannot avoid the protection of natural resources from breeding season or season of greatest recreation and facility development. potential effect, CDPR will arrange for Natural Resource goals and guidelines weekly surveys to detect any special (see page 59 to 68) recognize that status species within 300 feet of the activities associated with construction, work area (1/4 mile for raptor nests). If maintenance, facility use, and special status species are discovered recreation have the potential to cause within this area of potential impact, short- and long-term impacts to surveys will continue through the sensitive species and the ecosystem. It period of construction. If special status is essential to periodically survey key species are being negatively affected, resources and implement management construction activities will be directives to protect and preserve postponed until the potential for natural resources if necessary. negative effects has passed. Sensitive Measures to avoid, minimize, or habitat areas shall be flagged and mitigate impacts must be incorporated construction personnel shall be into any future Management Plans, educated on the sensitivity of the area development projects, and specific and instructed to avoid the area. management actions. All actions will Mitigation BR 3: Any areas cleared or be in compliance with federal and state disturbed will be restored with native regulatory requirements. Future plant species known from the area, projects will follow General Plan using locally collected material, and guidelines, and include mitigation species that represent habitat measures that are appropriate and composition for the sensitive species 109 necessary at the time a project is detected on site. scoped for implementation. Cultural Resources Mitigation BR 1:Prior to construction of facilities, potentially affected areas Impact: Construction of facilities and will be surveyed for the presence of visitor-use activities as well as special status species. Special status maintenance of facilities, has the species found on a project site will be potential to disturb, degrade, or damage avoided to the fullest extent possible buried archaeological remains, historic through project design, timing of structures or features, or sacred sites. activities, and implementation. If a Discussion: Significant archeological, special status species is detected within historical, and ethnographic resources the area of potential impact, alternative are known to occur within the Park. sites will be considered, the area shall These include prehistoric Native be flagged, and personnel educated on American use and sacred sites, historic the sensitivity of an area and instructed stagecoach station and quarry sites, and to avoid it. the historic stagecoach trails. Several Mitigation BR 2: As much as possible, goals and guidelines contained in the all project-related activities located General Plan address the protection of within the habitat of special status these cultural resources, including species will take place outside of their identification, protection, and breeding season or season of greatest interpretation of archaeological potential effect on survivability. If resources, ethnographic resources, and

Environmental Analysis historic resources and protection of in that area so that the resource can be cultural resources from recreation or recorded, the nature of the deposit can development (pages 69 to 76). These be determined, and an appropriate goals and guidelines recognize that protection or recovery plan can be activities associated with construction, implemented. maintenance, and use of facilities, as Mitigation CR 2: Any proposed project well as recreational activities could will be reviewed for its potential to have long-term impacts on significant affect significant historical resources. cultural resources. It is also recognized All significant historical resources will that it will be essential to periodically be mapped, recorded, and evaluated to assess the status and condition of these determine their eligibility for significant cultural resources and adapt placement on the National Register or park management to assure their California Register of Historic Places. protection. Measures to avoid, Projects will be designed and minimize, or mitigate impacts need to implemented to avoid significant be incorporated into any future impacts to potentially eligible historic Management Plans, development resources in compliance with the projects, and specific management Secretary of the Interior Standards for actions. All actions will be in the Treatment of Historic Properties. compliance with state and federal regulatory requirements. In addition to Mitigation CR 3: Information about the any mitigation measures deemed importance of cultural resource necessary at the time a project is protection will be incorporated as part scoped for implementation, the of the interpretation and signage for 110 following mitigation measures will be Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. incorporated. For example, there will be signs directing mountain bike users to walk Mitigation CR 1: Prior to any actions their bikes down the portions of the that have the potential to disturb the Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road area of a possible archeological site, that are very steep and subject to additional research and testing will be erosion or damage. carried out to determine if buried cultural remains exist. Any new Geologic Resources facilities will be designed and Impact: Demolition and construction constructed to avoid archaeological activities associated with removal, resources to the extent possible. If consolidation development, and impacts to archaeological remains are maintenance of facilities, particularly unavoidable, then a recovery plan will in the Gateway Zone, Secondary be developed and implemented. A Access Points, and North Forty Zone, CDPR archaeologist will monitor those has the potential to cause significant activities deemed to have the highest increases in erosion, dust, soil potential to disturb or damage buried disturbance, and topographic change. archaeological remains to ensure that no historical or prehistorical resources Discussion: Grading and soil are adversely impacted. If cultural disturbance associated with facility remains are uncovered during any expansion and development in the project activities, work will be stopped Gateway Zone, Secondary Access

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Points, and North Forty Zone, such as subject to the typical restrictions and construction of new campsites, requirements that address erosion and restrooms, buildings, and other use runoff including the Federal Clean areas, has the potential to cause Water Act and National Pollution significant changes in topography and Discharge Elimination System increases in erosion, unless measures to (NPDES), which includes but may not avoid, minimize, or mitigate these be limited to silt fencing, sand bags impacts are incorporated into specific appropriately placed during rain events, project plans and implemented. The and an erosion control plan that uses purpose of the General Plan is to native species known to occur in the reduce long-term impacts to resources, area for revegetation. CDPR will use including the reduction of soil Best Management Practices throughout compaction and extent of disturbed construction to avoid and minimize areas, through planning of facilities indirect impacts. placement and better management of Mitigation GR 3: General Plan goals visitor use. However, removal, and guidelines call for ongoing consolidation, construction, or monitoring of impacts to geological maintenance of facilities could have resources, such as change in short-term and long-term impacts to topography and increased erosion. geologic features, topography, and soil Geological features, including rock erosion, unless measures to avoid, outcroppings that characterize the Park, minimize, or mitigate these impacts are will be preserved and protected from incorporated into the General Plan and significant impacts because of visitor implemented. Facility development, use. campgrounds, and trails will be 111 constructed to avoid potentially Recreation hazardous areas or minimize risk. Impacts: Management zone Potential impacts to geology and soil designations associated with allowable associated with the development and visitor use has the potential to maintenance of trails, interpretive adversely affect some recreational elements, and primitive toilets are not activities as a result of cultural, natural, considered to be significant. In addition and aesthetic resource protection. to any mitigation measures deemed Development, maintenance, erosion, necessary at the time a project is dust, and resource degradation may scoped for implementation, the also have an adverse affect on visitor following mitigation measures will be experience. implemented. Discussion: Management zone Mitigation GR 1: Any new facilities designations act as tools to preserve will be designed and constructed to sensitive natural and cultural resources follow and fit into natural contours as while providing recreation activities much as possible, to minimize the and visitor-serving facilities. amount of topographic change that is Management zone designations have required. Significant rock features will the potential to restrict certain be avoided. recreational activities in some areas in Mitigation GR 2: All demolitions, order to protect sensitive resources or grading, and excavations will be visitor experiences, particularly in the

Environmental Analysis Primary Historic Zone. Some Mitigation RR 1: General Plan goals recreational uses including equestrian and guidelines call for an assessment of and hiking use and climbing may be current and potential recreational eliminated or restricted in portions of activities for compatibility with the the Park. However, these uses will management zones. Implementation of continue in areas with less resource these guidelines will address the sensitivity. It is not expected that the relative distribution of the different types of recreation uses will change types of recreational activities and substantially from the existing potential inherent conflicts, as well as conditions; however, it is expected specific mitigation and monitoring access to some existing areas will be measures, in order to provide high restricted. quality outdoor recreation activities For example, an existing loop trail is while preserving the integrity of the proposed to be closed in the Preferred Park. Plan. (See pages 91 to 92, Table 3 and Mitigation RR 2: CDPR will make Figure 5 for description of appropriate available to the public alternative activities and facilities within each recreational activities that are management zone.) Park users are compatible with resource protection in concerned with maintaining current areas within the Park that contain access and recreational activities in the sensitive natural and cultural resources. Park. Although the Primary Historic Water Resources Zone designation may limit trail use in certain areas, it will permit other types Impact: Demolition and construction 112 of recreation activities, such as activities associated with removal, interpretive and educational programs consolidation development, and hiking on designated trails. maintenance, and use of facilities, Therefore, adverse impacts to some particularly in the Gateway Zone, types of recreation activities will be Secondary Access Points, or North offset by other recreational Forty Zone, have the potential to opportunities. significantly affect drainage patterns, runoff, or discharge into surface Additionally, each visitor has his or her waters. Other park uses, such as trail own sensitivity to visitor carrying use or primitive camping may also capacity. For instance, an individual’s affect runoff or discharge. tolerance of user- or facility-densities could be exceeded by higher level Discussion: Since the Park is small, facility development in the Gateway most construction activities would be Zone or North Forty Zone, while proposed in the Gateway Zone, another individual is comforted by the Secondary Access Points, or North presence of other people or facilities. Forty Zone and would be limited in Other aspects of recreation scope and scale. These facilities would management include the degree to have the potential to affect water which multiple recreational activities quality due to the need for sanitary compliment or conflict with one facilities and stormwater runoff during another and with maintenance of construction and operation. If camping resource integrity (see pages 80 to 90). areas in the Scenic Ridge Zone are built, water would need to be either

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

packed in or provided by park Impacts to streams and meadows from operations, and primitive pit or trail use and routine maintenance will chemical toilets would be provided. be avoided or minimized. Use and maintenance of trails in the EFFECTS FOUND NOT TO BE vicinity of the creek and meadows have SIGNIFICANT the potential to affect hydrologic regimes and water quality. The General Air Quality Plan recognizes the potential these The Park is located at the far western conditions have for impacting water boundary of the South Coast Air Basin resources. Goals and guidelines for which covers the San Fernando Valley hydrology direct park managers to and the far eastern boundary of the “protect, enhance, and restore” South Central Coast Air Basin in hydrologic resources within the Park Ventura County. Both of these air (page 59). basins are nonattainment areas for air Activities associated with construction, quality. The most recent annual data use, and maintenance of facilities could for the monitoring station closest to the have short-term and long-term impacts Park in Simi Valley had 18 days that on drainage patterns and water quality, exceeded the 1-hour state standard for particularly to the creek in the Riparian Ozone and 54 days that exceeded the 8- Zone and its associated wetland, unless hour state standard. This site also measures to avoid, minimize, or exceeded the 8-hour National Standard mitigate these impacts are incorporated for Ozone on 18 days. The monitoring into management plans and specific station for the western San Fernando development projects. In addition to Valley reported that in 2005, the 1-hour 113 any mitigation measures deemed state standard for Ozone was exceeded necessary at the time a project is for 30 days and the 8-hour standard for scoped for implementation, the 29 days. The National 1-hour standard following mitigation measures will be was exceeded for 2 days and the 8-hour implemented. All actions will be in standard for 12 days. However, the compliance with state and federal data also reflected an improvement in permitting and regulatory Ozone compliance between 2003 and requirements. 2005. Mitigation WR 1: Before additional These data are generally representative facility development can occur within of air quality in southern California the Park, potential impacts to water which can vary substantially depending resources need to be addressed. on the season and whether or not Potential impacts to water resources, inversion layers are present. The including availability of sufficient population is alerted to avoid outdoor water for facility use, will be identified activities by local radio and television and addressed. when the air quality is poor. Implementation of the General Plan Mitigation WR 2: In accordance with will have little effect on air quality in the General Plan goals and guidelines, the area because the Park is small and any new facilities within the Park will proposes very little new development. be designed and constructed to avoid Potential air quality concerns for impairment of natural drainages.

Environmental Analysis vegetation management through developed and used in the past. These controlled burns is addressed below. uses included homesteading, Fire Hazard stagecoach use, quarrying, and motion picture and television filming. Use of camping facilities has the Additionally, refuse, construction potential to place the public and debris, and abandoned cars have been neighboring properties at risk due to found on the property. Although it is wildfires caused by inadvertent or unlikely that these areas contain natural ignition from within, as well as hazardous wastes, if such wastes such from outside the Park. No campfires as dumped asbestos are found, all will be allowed outside designated accepted protocols will be followed to areas. A wildfire management plan has ensure that the public is not exposed to been developed to ensure protection of such wastes and that they are disposed human lives and property, and will of properly if found. emphasize control of fires along predetermined suppression lines, which At the last public meeting, it was divide the Park into control brought to the attention of CDPR by a compartments and will include member of the public that there was a evacuation procedures. Park managers potential for exposure to radiation due will have the authority to stop the use to proximity of the Park to the former of fires or smoking during periods of Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field extreme fire danger and will patrol to Laboratory (SSFL). The laboratory was prevent fires in unauthorized locations. located approximately 2.5 miles southwest of Santa Susana Pass State 114 The use of prescribed fire as a Historic Park. The site is associated vegetation management tool has the with one of the most important Cold- potential for impacts to regional air War-era defense, aerospace, and quality and may, in the event of an atomic energy facilities in the nation. A escape, place the public in danger. The Rocketdyne subsidiary, Atomics restoration of the role of fire in natural International, built and operated the ecological processes will include a first commercial nuclear-power prescribed fire management plan. This producing reactor inside the United plan will include provisions for States at the SSFL site. Between coordinating with regional air quality March, 1959 and 1969, there were at control boards to avoid emissions of least four nuclear accidents, fires, or smoke during sensitive time periods. It partial meltdowns. Although it is will also provide for public notification doubtful that surface water runoff from and exclusion areas prior to and during the SSFL site would affect Santa prescribed burning operations. In the Susana Pass State Historic Park from event of an escape, the wildfire these accidents due to the topography management plan is invoked, which between SSFL and the Park, data have provides for public evacuation and not been released indicating whether or appropriate suppression activities. not the wind was blowing in the Hazardous Materials direction of the Park at the time of the incidents. Until such data are released The majority of the Park is currently or the Park and surrounding undeveloped but portions were communities are tested, the presence or

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

absence of radiation cannot be and right-of-ways. The implementation determined. Implementation of the of the General Plan will not adversely General Plan would not change this affect the rights of any of the easement situation. However, prior to the holders to perform their services in construction of a campground or visitor accordance with the rights and center facility, on-site testing should be stipulations of the easement conducted to determine whether or not specifications. radiation is present. If radiation is Traffic found to exist, the material will be identified and accepted protocols A Traffic Study was performed by an followed as determined by appropriate outside consultant, Katz, Okitsu & authorities and/or experts. Associates (Appendix H—under separate cover), to evaluate the Noise potential effects that the There is potential for temporary implementation of the General Plan increases in noise levels during any would have on the local street system. demolition or construction activities. The study determined that, based on Such activities would be timed to avoid forecasted traffic volumes and the Los seasons of peak visitation, and periods Angeles Department of Transportation of time when sensitive wildlife species threshold of significance, the may be significantly impacted. When implementation of the General Plan construction is to occur near residential would not have any significant traffic areas, as might potentially occur in the impacts on any of the six roadway Gateway Zones or Secondary Access segments studied and would continue Points, all local noise ordinances would to operate at Level of Service A (the 115 be followed. Impacts from noise are highest level of service). The roadway expected to be nominal. segments studied included: Paleontological Resources 1) Devonshire Street, east of Larwin Avenue; 2) Larwin Avenue, north of Construction and grading will be Jeffrey Mark Court; 3) Andora limited to only a few areas within the Avenue, south of Valley Circle Park. The likelihood of paleontological Boulevard; 4) Santa Susana Pass Road, resources being present in these areas west of Topanga Canyon Boulevard; 5) is low and, should such a resource be Santa Susana Pass Road, east of Lilac found, CDPR would determine Lane; and 6) Lilac Lane south of Santa appropriate protection, avoidance, or Susana Pass Road. removal measures as appropriate to the situation. The General Plan proposes to add up to 124 new parking spaces for general Public Services public use. The Traffic Study Implementation of the proposed plan concluded that the parking supply would only require a nominal increase would be more than adequate to in the need for public services or accommodated average weekday and utilities and be limited to just a few weekend vehicular demand. Therefore, buildings. However, due to the Park’s it would be unlikely that significant, strategic location between two valleys, General Plan related parking would it is crossed by a number of utilities

Environmental Analysis spill over onto nearby residential each CDPR project as required under streets. CEQA guidelines Section 15091(d) and will require approval of natural and GROWTH INDUCING IMPACTS cultural specialists. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is a park with important natural and PUBLIC COORDINATION cultural resources and serves as a Public involvement in development of valuable recreational area as well. the General Plan included three public Although public-use areas may be meetings in Chatsworth and five expanded with the implementation of stakeholder meetings. Public the gateway concept in the General involvement is discussed in detail on Plan, the General Plan will not page 50. Additionally, CDPR has substantially increase the current day- closely coordinated the General Plan use visitors within the Park and would development with community interest only provide camping opportunities for groups. up to 75 visitors. Other than improving At the third public meeting, when the park facilities, interpretation and Preferred Plan was presented for public accessibility, implementation of the comment, property owners near several General Plan will not substantially locations identified as Gateway Zone affect public services. Although Park access points raised objections. These attendance has remained stable for the objections were based on limited street last 10 years, implementation of new access at Lilac Lane and parking facilities would provide needed park issues, conflicts with park users, and services to the rising local and state 116 vandalism (primarily after-hours) along population. Therefore, there will be no Jeffrey Mark Court. Much of this significant growth-inducing impacts. public comment is attached in the NOP CUMULATIVE IMPACTS Responses (Appendix F, under separate None of the proposals contained in the cover) although it was received after General Plan will contribute the close of the 30-day response period. significantly to the cumulative impacts CDPR subsequently held stakeholder of past, ongoing, or future projects. meetings and modified the Preferred This General Plan recognizes the need Plan by changing the Gateway Zone at for resource protection by setting Lilac Lane to a Secondary Access guidelines for the preservation of Point and removing the Gateway Zone natural and cultural resources within designation and access off Jeffrey the Park. Some types of recreation will Mark Court. The existing access at be reduced or designated to certain Jeffrey Mark Court will be closed off. areas within the Park in an effort to Due to topographical considerations, a protect valued resources. parking area is proposed within Park property across from Jeffrey Mark MITIGATION MONITORING Court but visitor use will be limited to Mitigation will be specified at the time normal day-use hours (usually sunrise each project proposed under the to sunset) and accessed at the end of General Plan is prepared. A Mitigation the Powerhouse Road Trail through a Monitoring Program will be developed gated Secondary Access Point off and implemented, as appropriate, for Larwin Avenue.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

A Notice of Preparation (NOP) was circulated through the State Clearinghouse to state agencies, as well as to appropriate city and county planning offices, federal agencies, special interest organizations, and individuals. The State Clearinghouse reference number is SCH #2006061092. The public review period for the NOP closed on July 18, 2006. The NOP, and responses letters from the public are located in Appendix F (under separate cover). REASONABLE PROJECTION OF DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE GENERAL PLAN The following matrix represents a reasonable scenario of potential public- use facilities that could be developed in each of the proposed management zones (Table 5) under the goals and guidelines proposed in the General Plan for Santa Susana Pass State 117 Historic Park. Each represents one of many potential scenarios in each zone. Within the range of possibilities, the scenarios depicted below portray the most extensive development that should be expected. This matrix was developed merely to provide a means by which to represent the analysis of potential significant environmental effects that could result from implementation of the General Plan. The actual choice of types, sizes, and locations of facilities to be developed within each zone will be determined during specific project plans. The decisions made in these plans will be consistent with the goals and guidelines of the General Plan and based on many factors including natural and cultural resource protection and visitor experience.

Environmental Analysis Table 5: REASONABLE DEVELOMENT PROJECTION MATRIX

Existing Reasonable Net Difference Existing Reasonable Net Difference Condition Plan Projection (Between Condition Plan Projection (Between (Cumulative) Existing and (Cumulative) Existing and Reasonable Reasonable Plan Projection) Plan Projection)

Chatsworth Park South Gateway Zone Andora Secondary Access Point

Buildings (square feet) Buildings (square feet) Visitor Center or Operations 0 4,000 4,000 Restroom - Vault type toilet 0 100 100 Maintenance 0 1,000 1,000 Comfort stations 0 800 800 Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) 01212 North FortyZone Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) 0 12 12 21 acres Buildings (square feet) Spahn Ranch Gateway Zone Visitor Center or Operations 0 2,500 2,500 Campfire Center 0 500 500 Buildings (square feet) (approximate) Visitor Use or Operations 0 5,000 5,000 Campsites/tent cabins or bunk facility 0 75 people 75 people Maintenace building (1) 0 1,000 1,000 Comfort Station 0 800 800 Primary Historic Zone Corral or manure facility 0 6,000 6,000 155 acres Building - historic related inc. restroom 0 2,500 2,500 Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) Regular Parking 05050 Scenic Ridge Zone Truck/Trailer Parking 0 6 6 465 acres

Larwin Secondary Access Point Campsites - combined with North Forty 0 75 people 75 people

Buildings (square feet) Trail System Restroom - Vault type toilet 0 100 100 Total Park Trail Mileage9.5 9.2 Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) 0 12 12 Does not consider duplicate trails Lilac Lane Secondary Access Point

Buildings (square feet) Restroom - Vault type toilet 0 100 100

Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) 066 Santa Susanna Pass Road Secondary Access Point

Buildings (square feet) Restroom - Vault type toilet 0 100 100

Vehicle Parking (number of spaces) 066

Environmental Analysis

Appendices

5 Appendices Innovative technology for Park’s interpretive programs

Appendices

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

APPENDIX A Sensitive plant species and vegetation communities potentially occurring at Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. FEDERAL STATE CNPS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PRESENCE* STATUS STATUS STATUS Astragalus brauntonii Braunton's milk-vetch Potential FE 1B Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis Slender mariposa lily Potential 1B Calochortus plummerae Plummer's mariposa lily Confirmed 1B Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina San Fernando Valley spineflower Potential SE 1B Deinandra minthornii Santa Susana tarplant Confirmed 1B Dodecahema leptoceras Slender-horned spineflower Potential FE SE 1B Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Blochman's dudleya Potential 1B Blochmaniae Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis Agoura Hills dudleya Potential FT 1B Dudleya multicaulis Many-stemmed dudleya Potential 1B Dudleya parva Conejo dudleya Potential FT 1B Erodium macrophyllum Round-leaved filaree Potential 2 Nolina cismontana Chaparral nolina Potential 1B Orcuttia californica California Orcutt grass Unlikely FE SE 1B Pentachaeta lyonii Lyon's pentachaeta Potential FE SE 1B Southern coast live oak riparian forest Confirmed FE Listed as endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. FT Listed as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act. SE Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act. 1B CNPS List 1B: rare, Threatened or Endangered in California, and elsewhere. 2 CNPS List2: Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California, but more common elsewhere Confirmed Known occurrence within the Park’s boundaries Potential Habitat present within the Park’s boundaries Unlikely No habitat present within the Park’s boundaries

LISTING STATUS DEFINITION Listing status code definitions used by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS), the State of California (i.e., California Department of Fish and Game), and the Federal Government (i.e., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) to describe the degree of endangerment and the legal status of sensitive plant taxa. Listing Codes FE Listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act FT Listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act SE Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act

California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Lists List 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere List 2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

APPENDIX B Sensitive vertebrate and invertebrate species potentially occurring at Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. FEDERAL STATE CDFG SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PRESENCE STATUS STATUS STATUS Spea (=Scaphiopus) hammondii Western spadefoot Potential SSC Bufo californicus Arroyo toad Potential FE SSC Rana aurora draytonii California red-legged frog Potential FT SSC Clemmys marmorata pallida Southwestern pond turtle Potential SSC Phrynosoma coronatum (blainvillei) Coast (San Diego) horned lizard Potential SSC Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri Coastal western whiptail Potential Anniella pulchra pulchra California legless lizard Potential SSC Thamnophis hammondii Two-striped garter snake Potential SSC Aquila chrysaetos Golden eagle Confirmed SSC Athene cunicularia Burrowing owl Potential SSC Polioptila californica californica Coastal California gnatcatcher Potential FT SSC Vireo bellii pusillus Least Bell's vireo Unlikely FE SE Agelaius tricolor Tricolored blackbird Unlikely SSC Felis concolor californica Mountain lion Confirmed Neotoma lepida intermedia San Diego desert woodrat Potential SSC Gila orcutti Arroyo chub Unlikely SSC Danaus plexippus Monarch butterfly Potential Streptocephalus woottoni Riverside fairy shrimp Unlikely FE Socalchemmis gertschi Gertsch’s Socalchemmis spider Unknown

FE Listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. Confirmed Known occurrence within the Park’s boundaries FT Listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Potential Habitat present within the Park’s boundaries SE Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act. Unlikely No habitat present within the Park’s boundaries SSC CDFG Species of Special Concern

LISTING CODES DEFINITIONS Listing Codes FE Listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act FT Listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act SE Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act SSC CDFG Species of Special Concern

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

APPENDIX C—CULTURAL RESOURCES IN CONTEXT This list of resources, periods, and topics correlates to the archaeological and historic resources within the Park. This list can be used to organize historic time into coherent patterns that have influenced the Park’s development during one or more periods of its history. This list categorizes the Park’s recorded and potentially eligible cultural resources into their applicable context. NATIVE AMERICAN Period: Pre- and post-contact (prior to and after ca. 1769) Significance: The area of Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park was an interaction zone between the Tongva/Gabrielino, Ventureño Chumash, and Fernandeño/ Tataviam peoples. It was also the location of villages, camps, sacred spaces, and other activity areas. Sites: CA-LAN-448/449/1126/1728 (village site)* CA-LAN-1028 (rockshelter/camp) CA-LAN-1718/1719 (small village/camp) CA-LAN-1736 (camp/activity area) CA-LAN-1737 (camp/activity area) CA-LAN-1738 (activity area) CA-LAN-2173 (small village/camp) CA-LAN-2198 (camp/activity area) CA-LAN-3493 (activity area) P-19-120087 (activity area) CA-LAN-3494 (camp/activity area) CA-LAN-3507 (activity area) CA-LAN-3512 (camp/activity area) P-19-120080 (shelter) CA-LAN-3506 (activity area) Shell isolate (activity area) CA-LAN-3503 (activity area) CA-LAN-3504 (activity area) P-19-100563 (activity area) P-19-100564 (activity area) CA-LAN-3508 (camp/activity area)

Appendices ARCHAEOLOGY (HISTORIC) Period: Historic (1769 to 1960s) Significance: The archaeological study of people during historic times leads to the understanding the lives of people who lived, worked, died, or traveled through the Santa Susana Pass area during historic times. Sites: P-19-150427 (historic structure) P-19-150436 (historic structure) CA-LAN-448/449/1126/172(stagecoach road/station/quarry/homestead/ etc.)* CA-LAN-1718/1719 (rock walls/old road/brick dump) CA-LAN-1738 (trash dump) CA-LAN-2173 (trash dump/old road) P-19-120085 (brick dump) CA-LAN-3509 (work camp/homestead) CA-LAN-3510 (car and shelter) P-19-120086 (car) CA-LAN-3492 (well head and pump foundation) P-19-120078 (historic fill/construction) CA-LAN-3511 (El Camino Nuevo) CA-LAN-3495 (trash dump/quarrying) P-19-120080 (shelter) CA-LAN-3496 (rock walls/terraces/road/structure remains) CA-LAN-3497 (activity area/trash dump) P-19-120079 (quarrying) P-19-120081 (quarrying) P-19-120082 (quarrying) P-19-120083 (trash dump) CA-LAN-3498 (fenceline) CA-LAN-3499 (communications) CA-LAN-3500 (quarrying/transportation) P-19-120084 (construction debris) CA-LAN-3502 (Spahn Ranch) CA-LAN-3501 (bridge footings/abutments/spillway) CA-LAN-3505 (trash dump)

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT Period: 1769-1892 Significance: Exploration and settlement refers to the investigation and expansion of geographical knowledge by an individual or group of explorers and the establishment and development of new settlements and communities: These activities led to the exploration and development of new settlements, routes of travel and communication in the northwestern section of the San Fernando Valley. Sites: El Camino de Santa Susana y Simí (Santa Susana Pass Wagon Road) AGRICULTURE Period: 1833-1905 Significance: Early agricultural methods and techniques in use in the northwestern San Fernando Valley included the technology of cultivating soil, projecting crops, and raising livestock and plants. Sites: Santa Susana Pass Road*: Mission and later secular vaqueros (cowboys) and pastores (sheepherders) often led large herds of cattle and sheep through the pass to their seasonal pasturage Homesteads belonging to: Francisco Miranda Dionisio Sanchez James R. Williams James D. Hill Florence M. Mattingly William Bannon* TRANSPORTATION Period: 1833-1955 Significance: Pioneer individuals and organizations used various modes and forms of technology to transport goods and people up and over Santa Susana Pass. Sites: Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road including The Devil’s Slide* La Cuesta: Rita de la Osa Family-operated Stagecoach Swing Station* “El Camino Nuevo”: New Santa Susana Pass Wagon Road a.k.a. Chatsworth Grade Road —1895-1917 Santa Susana Pass Railroad Tunnels** Bannon/Chatsworth Stone Quarry Railroad Spur*

Appendices INDUSTRY Period: 1891-1919 Significance: People applied labor, technology, and equipment to extract, process, and transport raw materials from mines or quarries. This is indicative of the early development of extractive industries in the Chatsworth Hills area. Sites: Bannon/Chatsworth Stone Quarry Administration/Operations Area* Bannon/Chatsworth Stone Quarry* P-19-120079 (quarrying) P-19-120081 (quarrying) P-19-120082 (quarrying) CA-LAN-3495 (trash dump/quarrying) CA-LAN-3500 (quarrying/transportation) TELEVISION AND MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRIES Period: 1915-1970 Significance: Pioneer motion pictures and television production used the natural landscape as a backdrop for exotic locales. Hollywood studios’ used the Chatsworth Hills area as a popular location for motion pictures and television series during their pioneer and golden ages. Sites: Jack and the Beanstalk (near Miranda Homestead) Spahn Movie Ranch and neighboring movie ranches RESOURCE CONSERVATION Period: 1933-1942 Significance: The preservation, maintenance, and management of natural or manmade resources marked the beginning of the efforts to preserve Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park in the 1930s. Sites: Depression-Era Indigent Camp Site Native Daughters of the Golden West Plaque commemorating the Old Santa Susana Pass Stagecoach Road*

* Listed on National Register of Historic Places/California Register—Point of Historic Interest **Not owned by CDPR

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

APPENDIX D—DEFINED TERMS & LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Adobe resource value through which native A Spanish term meaning “mud brick or species can disperse. block.” It is a sun-dried, unfired brick Biodiversity or building block made from a mixture The number and abundance of species of clay, straw, and water. The term can found within a common environment. also refer to the clay or soil from This includes the variety of genes, which the brick is made, or a structure species, ecosystems, and the ecological built with this type of brick and lime- processes that connect everything in a plastered, mud-stucco-clad walls. common environment. Aesthetic Resource Buffer/Buffer Zone In this general plan, the term aesthetic An area of land separating two distinct resource refers to the visual, audible, land uses that acts to soften or mitigate and other sensory factors within the the effects of one land use on the other. Park setting and its surrounding land- Buffer strips along a trail could block scape that, taken together, establish the views that may be undesirable. Buffers Park’s character and sense of place. may be set aside next to wildlife Americans with Disabilities Act habitat to reduce abrupt change to the (ADA) habitat. The Americans with Disabilities Act Butterfield Overland Mail Company was signed into law by President Bush Also known as the Butterfield in 1990. Divided into four titles, it Overland Stage or the Butterfield guarantees people with disabilities Stage. Named after John Butterfield (in equal access to employment, trans- partnership with the Wells Fargo and portation and public services, public the American Express companies) and accommodations, and telecommunica- carried U.S. mail and paying tions. passengers overland from St. Louis, Bedrock Grinding Feature Missouri to San Francisco, California. A groundstone feature on or in a The stagecoaches were in operation bedrock outcrop. Bedrock grinding from September 15, 1857 until the features include slicks, rubs, basins, outbreak of the Civil War on April 12, mortars, and sometimes cupules. 1861. Biotic Community Cahuenga Pass A group of living organisms From the Spanish phrase: Paso de characterized by a distinctive Cahuenga meaning “Pass of combination of both animal and plant Cahuenga.” Cahuenga is from the species in a particular habitat. Gabrieliño/Tongva term kawé’nga or kavwé’nga meaning “the mountain Biocorridors place” or “at the mountain.” Cahuenga Interconnected tracts of land Pass is the mountain pass through the characterized by significant natural eastern end of the Santa Monica

Appendices Mountains, which connects eras. The term is Spanish for “ox cart.” southeastern San Fernando Valley to Carretas were often pulled by two the City of Los Angeles. yoked oxen. They were used to carry California State Park and goods and people along primitive Recreation Commission roads. Established in 1927 to advise the Classification and Assessment with Director of the California Division of Landsat of Visible Ecological Beaches and Parks (earlier name for Groupings (CALVeg) the California Department of Parks and A land-cover mapping and monitoring Recreation) on the recreational needs system that produces vegetation maps of the people of California. In 1928 it that can pinpoint habitats and species gathered support for the first state park likely to be affected by management bond issue. The Commission schedules decisions and monitor temporal public hearings to consider each matter vegetative changes. These maps can of classification or reclassification and also help identify and prioritize the approval of CDPR’s general plan conservation activities. for each park unit. Chaparral California Environmental Quality Characterized by stands of structurally Act (CEQA) homogeneous shrubs with tough A state law requiring state and local evergreen leaves forming a continuous agencies to regulate activities with or intermittent shrub canopy depending consideration for environmental on fire and precipitation regimes. protection. If a proposed activity has Mixed chaparral generally occurs the potential for a significant adverse below 5000 ft on mountain ranges environmental impact, an EIR must be throughout California with prepared and certified as to its Mediteranean climates (cool wet adequacy before taking action on the winters and hot dry summers). proposed project. General Plans Chumash require the preparation of a “program EIR.” See Ventureño Chumash. California Species of Special Corral Concern An enclosure for confining livestock. This is a California Department of Fish The Spanish word means “enclosure.” and Game designation based on Cultural Resources declining population levels, limited range, and/or continuing threats to Archaeological, ethnographical, trad- certain vertebrate species. The goal of itional, and historical sites, artifacts, this designation is to halt or to reverse features, landscapes, properties, and their decline by bringing attention to built environment resources, including their status. but not necessarily limited to buildings, structures, objects, and Carreta districts. An all purpose, two-wheeled, wooden wagon or cart in use during the Spanish Mission and Mexican Rancho

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Cupule capital of Alta California) and beyond A small pecked or ground, shallow during the 1769-1810 Spanish Colonial hole in a rock or outcrop. Cupules are Era. Also known as the “Mission often considered to be nonutilitarian Trail,” it connected Spanish forms of rock art. There are similarly- California’s Franciscan mission s from sized and shaped grinding holes that San Diego to Sonoma. may have been used for processing El Camino Nuevo specialty foods or other resources, or Spanish for “the New Road.” This was as a form of mineral extraction. the original name for the Chatsworth Department Administration Manual Grade Road, which bypassed the older (DAM) (California Department of Santa Susana Pass Wagon Road in Parks and Recreation) 1895 Provides the policies and procedures El Camino Viejo by which the California Department of Spanish for “the Old Road.” This was Parks and Recreation functions. CDPR the colloquial name for El Camino manuals are intended to contain Real during the Mexican Republic and general matters of policy and early American periods. The name was procedure. In certain areas there will also used to distinguish the Devil’s be information and specifications that Slide segment of the original Santa are too detailed or lengthy to include in Susana Pass Wagon Road after 1895. a manual. These more detailed materials will be prepared and issued El Paso Conejo in the form of handbooks, with each Spanish for “the Rabbit Pass.” This is handbook devoted to a single topic. an important pass leading down some Department Operations Manual 680 feet from the upper Conejo Valley (DOM) (California Department of to the eastern approaches to Pleasant Parks and Recreation) Valley and the town of Camarillo in Ventura County. Provides the policies and procedures that are pertinent to the operation of Endangered Species the CDPR system. It is intended as a Any native species which is in danger working guide for personnel in the of extinction throughout all or a Operations Division, and as a reference significant portion of its range This document for other CDPR personnel. It designation is made by the U.S. Fish is intended to complement the CDPR and Wildlife Service and/or the manuals on administration (DAM) and California Department of Fish and planning and development. Game. Ecology Environment The study of interrelationship of living CEQA defines environment as “the things to one another and their physical conditions which exist within environment. the area which will be affected by a El Camino Real proposed project, including land, air, water, mineral, flora, fauna, noise, and Spanish for “the New Road.” The dirt objects of historical or aesthetic road (basically a carreta trail) that significance.” linked Mexico City to Monterey (the

Appendices Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Tongva, Tataviam, and Ventureño A report required by CEQA that Chumash descent. assesses all the environmental Floristic Province characteristics of an area and A geographic area with a relatively determines what effects of impacts will uniform composition of plant species result if the area is altered or disturbed and similar growing conditions. by a proposed action. If a proposed activity has the potential for a Gabrielino (Gabrieleno)/Tongva significant adverse environmental See Tongva/Gabrielino (Gabrieleno). impact, an EIR must be prepared and certified as to its adequacy before Geographic Information Systems taking action on the proposed project. (GIS) General plans require the preparation A computer system for capturing, of a “program” EIR appropriate to its storing, checking, integrating, level of specificity. manipulating, analyzing and displaying Exotic Species data related to positions on the earth’s surface. A species occurring in an area outside of its historically known natural range Geomorphological that have been intentionally introduced Pertaining to the study of the relief to or have inadvertently infiltrated into features of the earth’s surface and the the system. Also known as alien, weed, forces that shaped them. nonnative, or introduced species. Exotic animals prey upon native Groundstone species and compete with them for An archaeological term that refers to food and habitat. Exotic plant species stone tools and features that were used can convert natural ecosystems into a to grind or process seeds, pigments, nonnative dominated system that clay, fibers, or other food or materials. provide little benefit to other species in Also called milling. Groundstone tools the ecosystem. include manos/ handstones, pestles, Feldspathic Sandstone and portable metates and mortars. Groundstone features include bedrock Sandstone with high amounts of slicks, basins, and mortars. Also called feldspar present in its matrix ranging Bedrock Grinding Features. from unassorted products of granular disintegration of granite to partly Habitat sorted river-laid or even marine The sum total of the environmental deposits. factors, food, cover, and water that Fernandeño promotes occupancy by individuals of a given species and allows those The ethnographic territory of the individuals to survive and reproduce. Fernandeño includes the San Fernando Valley and into the Santa Clarita Hydrological Valley. The name Fernandeño was Having to do with the study of water given to them by the Spanish and on the surface of the land, in the soil indicates they were associated with the and underlying rocks, and in the Mission San Fernando Rey de España. atmosphere. This mission included people of

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Interpretation other materials and foods with the use In this general plan it refers to a of a pestle. communication process, designed to National Register of Historic Places reveal meanings and relationships of (National Register, NRHP) our cultural and natural heritage, The National Register of Historic through involvement with objects, Places is the Nation’s official list of artifacts, landscapes, and sites. cultural resources worthy of Kashi’wey preservation. Authorized under the Ventureño Chumash for “the pass.” National Historic Preservation Act of The term was used to refer to Santa 1966, the National Register is part of a Susana Pass. national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to La Cuesta/La Cuesta Vieja identify, evaluate, and protect our Local name for the De la Osa family- historic and archeological resources. operated swing station near the foot of National Register Property Devil’s Slide, and for the road itself. This Spanish term means “hill, grade, A site that has been listed on the slope, or ridge” the La Cuesta Vieja National Register of Historic Places. variation (used mainly for the Old National Register properties are Santa Susana Stagecoach Road) means distinguished by having been “old grade or slope.” documented and evaluated according to uniform standards and are Las Pilitas considered to be of significance to the The name of the central portion of the nation, state, or local community. Park at the bottom of Devil’s Slide. Native Daughters of the Golden This name was used by the West Fernandeños who were interviewed by J. P. Harrington in the early 1900s. A charitable and fraternal organization Spanish for “the little basins.” Possibly dedicated to promoting and preserving a reference to the historic cisterns, California's history. Organized locally which are also called pilas. into “Parlors,” the group, like the Native Sons of the Golden West, is Metate best-known for the placement of In the Southwestern United States, a commemorative markers throughout common term for an unshaped or the state. shaped stone slab or basin, upon which Notice of Preparation (NOP) seeds, plants, pigments, or other materials are ground with the use of a A document stating that an EIR will be “handstone” or “mano.” Also called prepared for a particular project. It is “groundstone” or “millingstone.” the first step in the EIR process. Mortar Pastores A shaped, circular hole or depression This is the Spanish term for in a rock that is used as a container for sheepherders. There were pastores who the process of pounding and/or guarded, tended, and drove herds of grinding seeds, plants, pigments, or sheep through Santa Susana Pass.

Appendices Petroglyph Riata A type of Native American rock art American Spanish term for a long- consisting of carved, scratched, noosed rope used to catch animals. ground, or pecked figures and/or From the Spanish reata meaning rope shapes. to tie horses and keep them in single Pictograph file. La riata was Anglicized in American Western vernacular into A type of Native American rock art “lariat.” Also called lasso, the Spanish consisting of painted figures and/or word for snare. shapes. Riprap Potable Water A loose assemblage of broken stones Water suitable for human consump- erected in water or on soft ground as a tion. foundation. The broken stones used for Predation such a foundation. Predatory behavior; the capture and Sensitive Species consumption of prey. Any species of plant or animal Public Resources Code (PRC) potentially needing special management in order to prevent them In addition to the State Constitution from becoming threatened or and Statutes, California Law consists endangered due to habitat changes or of 29 codes covering various subject impacts from various activities. This areas. The PRC addresses natural, description is not part of the cultural, aesthetic, and recreational designation of Threatened or resources of the state. Endangered Species made by the US Rancheros Fish and Wildlife Service or California Department of Fish and Game for Spanish term meaning “ranchers,” it animal species. was used in the American Southwest and California during the Spanish Slick/Grinding Slick Colonial and Mexican Republican eras An area of a rock that has been worn for owners of large ranches (Ranchos), smooth by grinding with a handstone or ranchers in general. or mano. Rancho El Encino Species of Special Concern Spanish for “Ranch of the Evergreen A CDFG designation which applies to Oaks.” The Mexican government animals not listed under the federal originally granted a parcel of land to Endangered Species Act or the three Mission Indians following the California Endangered Species Act, abandonment of the California mission but which nonetheless 1) are declining system in 1833. Don Vincent de la Osa at a rate that could result in listing, or eventually acquired title to the land in 2) historically occurred in low 1851, and is credited with building a numbers and known threats to their nine-room adobe. Also referred to as persistence currently exist. Rancho Los Encinos, it was a popular overnight rest place or roadhouse along El Camino Real.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Swing Station Indian name Tongva means “people of A temporary stop along a stagecoach the earth.” route where horses, tack, and other Valleywood items were kept to service arriving Informal name for the San Fernando coaches. A person or family usually Valley in regards to its use by operated a swing station under contract Hollywood motion picture producers with the stagecoach company. and directors for location filming as Tataviam early as 1910. The ethnographic territory of the Vaquero Tataviam includes the northern San The Spanish term for cowboy or ranch Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita Valley, hand, from the Spanish word vaca and into the Antelope Valley. The meaning “cow.” During Spanish name Tataviam means “people facing Colonial and Mexican Republic eras it the sun.” The southern Tataviam were meant a skilled horseman who herds also associated with the Mission San cattle, horses, or other livestock. The Fernando (see Fernandeño above). term was Anglicized during the early Taxon (pl. Taxa) American Period into “buckaroo.” The general term for a biological Ventureño Chumash classification group (e.g., a family, The ethnographic territory of the genus or species) Ventureño Chumash includes the Threatened Species northernmost portion of Los Angeles Any native species which is likely to County and most of Ventura County. become an endangered species within The name Ventureño is from the the foreseeable future throughout all or Spanish and indicates an association a significant portion of its range. This with the Mission San Buenaventura. designation is made by the U.S. Fish The Indian name Chumash is a and Wildlife Service and/or the derivation of the name that the California Department of Fish and mainland Chumash called the Game. inhabitants of Santa Cruz Island but it has come to be used for all the Tinaja linguistically-related Indians from San Spanish for “large earthen jar.” Also Luis Obispo County down into refers to a basin-shaped water hole northern Los Angeles County as well usually carved into bedrock by natural as across some of the Channel Islands. erosion, although some are human- Way Station modified or enhanced. Also known as a “Home Station,” it Tongva/Gabrielino (Gabrieleno) was a building owned and managed by The Tongva/Gabrielino inhabited most a station manager and his family who of the Los Angeles Basin including provided meals and overnight many of the Channel Islands. The accommodations for passengers, coach name Gabrielino (or Gabrieleno) was drivers, and other stagecoach line given to them by the Spanish and employees. indicates they were associated with the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. The

Appendices List of Abbreviations

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act CALVeg Classification and Assessment with Landstat of Visible Ecological Groupings CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database (California Department of Fish and Game)

CNPS California Native Plant Society CDF California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CDFG California Department of Fish and Game CDPR California Department of Parks and Recreation DAM Department Administration Manual (California Department of Parks and Recreation) DOM Department Operations Manual (California Department of Parks and Recreation) ECA Environmental Condition Assessment EIR Environmental Impact Report EIS Environmental Impact Statement GIS Geographic Information Systems

IMAP Inventory, Monitoring, and Assessment Program NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NOP Notice of Preparation NPS National Park Service PRC Public Resources Code SMMNRA Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USFS United States Forest Service USGS United States Geological Survey

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

APPENDIX E REFERENCES CONSULTED Natural Resources: Ecological Applications California Department of Fish and 11(2):464-479. Game. 2003. Natural diversity Drost, Charles A., E. H. Paxton, M. K. database, Version 3.0.5. Sogge, and M. J. Whitfield. California Department of Fish 2001. Food habits of the and Game, Sacramento, CA. endangered southwestern California Department of Fish and willow flycatcher. United States Game. California Interagency Geological Survey. Wildlife Task Group. 2002. Federal Register. 2005. Endangered CWHR Version 8.0, personal and threatened wildlife and computer program, Sacramento, plants; final designation of CA. critical habitat for the arroyo California Department of Fish and toad (Bufo Californicus). V. 70, Game. 2000. Guidelines for No. 70, April 13, 2005. assessing the effects of Federal Register. 2003. Endangered proposed projects on rare, and threatened wildlife and threatened, and endangered plants; designation of critical plants and natural communities. habitat for the coastal California California Resource Agency, gnatcatcher (Polioptila California Department of Fish californica californica) and and Game, Sacramento, CA. determination of distinct California Department of vertebrate population segment Transportation. 2004. Final for the California gnatcatcher wildlife corridor assessment (Polioptila californica) report; Ventura State Route proposed rule. V. 68, No. 79, 118. LSA Associates Inc., April 24, 2003. Riverside, CA. Federal Register. 2001. Endangered California Native Plant Society. 2005. and threatened wildlife and Sampling Protocols and plants; designation of critical Projects. [http://www.cnps.org/ habitat for the red-legged frog; programs/vegetation/PDFs/Rele final rule. V. 66, No. 49, ve_protocol.pdf] Accessed March 13, 2001. June 4, 2005. California Native Federal Register. 1996. Endangered Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. and threatened wildlife and Davidson, C., H.B. Shaffer, and M. R. plants; determination of Jennings. 2001. Declines of threatened status for the California red-legged frog: California red-legged frog. climate, UV-B, habitat, and V. 61, No 101, May 23, 1996. pesticides hypothesis. Federal Register. 1993. Endangered and threatened wildlife and

Appendices plants; determination of [http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/dept threatened status for the coastal web/SkinnyCalSites/calframes. California gnatcatcher. V. 58, html]. Accessed October 25, No. 59, March 30, 1993. 2005. Griffin, J. R. and W. B. Critchfield. Jennings, M. R. and M. P. Hayes. 1972. The distribution of forest 1985. Pre-1900 overharvest of trees in California. Research California red-legged frogs Paper PSW-82. USDA, Forest (Rana aurora draytonii): the Service, Pacific Research inducement for bullfrog (Rana Station, Berkeley, CA. catesbeiana) introduction. Hayes, M. P. and M. R. Tennant 1985. Herpetologica 41(1): 94–103. Diet and feeding behavior of the Mayer, K. E. and W. F. Laudenslayer, California red-legged frog, Jr. eds. 1988. A guide to (Rana aurora draytonii). wildlife habitats of California. Southwestern Naturalist State of California, Resources 30(4):601-605. Agency, Department of Forestry Hayes, M.P., and M.R. Jennings. 1988. and Fire, Sacramento, CA. Habitat correlates of Miles, Scott R. and C. B. Goudey. distribution of the California 1997. Ecological subregions of red-legged frog (Rana aurora California, section and draytonii) and the foothill subsection descriptions. R5- yellow-legged frog (Rana EM-TP-005. U.S. Forest Boylii): Implications for Service, Pacific Southwest management. Pages 144-158 In: Region, San Francisco, R. Sarzo, K. E. Severson, and California, USA. D. R. Patton (Technical Noss, R. F. and A. Y. Cooperrider. coordinators). Proceedings of 1994. Saving natures legacy: the Symposium on the protecting and restoring Management of Amphibians, biodiversity. Island Press, Reptiles, and Small Mammals in Washington D.C. North America. USDA Forest Service General Technical Penrod, K., C. Cabañero, P. Beier, C. Report RM-166. Luke, W. Spencer, E. Rubin, R. Sauvajot, S. Riley, D. Kamradt, Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson P. Edelman, and E. Remson. manual: higher plants of 2005. South Coast Missing California. University of Linkages Project: A Linkage California Press, Berkeley, CA. Design for the Santa Monica- Holtz, Kim and R.B. Grannell. 1999. Sierra Madre Connection. Geological Overview of the Produced by South Coast Santa Ynez, Topatopa, and Wildlands, Idyllwild, CA. Santa Susanna [sic] Mountains. www.scwildlands.org, in [http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/dept cooperation with National Park web/SkinnyCalSites/TrnsverseR Service, Santa Monica ng/SantYnezTopa/santaynezmtn Mountains Conservancy, and .html], in California Geology The Nature Conservancy. Field Site Locations Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Sawyer, John O. and T. Keeler-Wolf. United States Natural Resource 1995. A manual of California Conservation Service. 1973. vegetation. California Native Soil Survey San Diego area. Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. California. Government Sweet, S. S. 1992. Ecology and status Printing Office, Washington, of the arroyo toad (Bufo D.C. microscaphus californicus) on Wilcove, D.D., D. Rothstein, the Los Padres National Forest J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and of southern California, with E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying management recommendations. threats to imperiled species in Report to United States the United States. BioScience, Department of Agriculture, Vol. 48, pp. 607-615. Forest Service, Los Padres Zeiner David C., W. F. Laudenslayer, National Forest, Goleta, Jr., and Kenneth E. Mayer California. ii + 198 pp. (Compiling eds.). 1990a. United States Environmental California’s Wildlife; Volume I: Protection Agency. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles. [http:// www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/ California Department of Fish greenbook/ancl.html]. Accessed and Game, Sacramento, CA. March 09, 2006 Zeiner David C., W. F. Laudenslayer, United States Fish and Wildlife Jr., and Kenneth E. Mayer Service. 2002. Recovery plan (Compiling eds.). 1990b. for the California red-legged California’s Wildlife; Volume frog (Rana aurora draytonii). II: Birds. California Department U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Portland, Oregon. vii + 173 pp. CA. United States Fish and Wildlife Zeiner David C., W. F. Laudenslayer, Service. 1999. Arroyo Jr., and Kenneth E. Mayer. southwestern toad (Bufo 1990c. California’s Wildlife; microscaphus californicus) Volume III: Mammals. recovery plan. U.S. Fish and California Department of Fish Wildlife Service, Portland, and Game, Sacramento, CA. Oregon. vi + 119 pp. 732 pp. United States Natural Resource Cultural Resources: Conservation Service. Archaeology [http://soils.usda.gov/ technical/classification/osd/] Archaeological Planning Collaborative Accessed September 19, 2005. [APC]. 1980. Cultural Resource Investigation: Tentative Tract United States Natural Resource 34093, Los Angeles County, Conservation Service. 1995. California. On file at South Hydric soils of California. Central Coastal Information Accessed at: [ftp://ftp- Center, California State fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/N University, Fullerton. SSC/Hydric_Soils/Lists/ca.pdf]. Accessed September 19, 2005.

Appendices Arnold, J. and A. Blume. 1993. A Bylin, S. 2005. Email to Marla Mealey Chumash site at Chatsworth, regarding the recent history and California: Small-scale testing clean up activities at the at CA-LAN-449 (field training “Homestead Site.” July 25, in archaeology, UCLA, 1993). 2005. Report on File at California California Department of Parks and Department of Parks and Recreation [CDPR]. 1994. Recreation, Southern Service Crime Report: 915-94-003. For Center, San Diego. bulldozer damages to sites Barter, E. R. 1993. “November 1993 within Santa Susana Pass State Santa Susana S.P.” Letter report Historic Park. On file at on file at California Department California Department of Parks of Parks and Recreation. and Recreation, Southern Barter, E. R. 1994. Santa Susana Service Center, San Diego. Mountains Project: Assessment California Department of Parks and of Damage to Archaeological Recreation [CDPR]. 1982. Resources from Grading. On Santa Susana Mountains file at California Department of Proposed Addition, Project Parks and Recreation. Investigation. On file at Barter, E. R., C. Savitski, P. Hines, and California Department of Parks T. Wheeler. 1993*. and Recreation, Southern Archaeological Site Record for Service Center, San Diego. “Santa Susana Stage Route” California Department of Parks and (combined CA-LAN-448, -449, Recreation [CDPR]. 1997. -1126H, and -1728H). On file at Santa Susana Mountains Project South Central Coastal Resource Summary. On file at Information Center, California California Department of Parks State University, Fullerton. and Recreation, Southern *Site record lists Date Recorded Service Center, San Diego. as December 6-9 1994; Ciolek-Torrello, R., F. R. Beardsley, however, according to other A. Q. Stoll, D. R. Grenda. 2001. reports, the work was done in A Passage in Time: An 1993, after the fire but prior to Archaeological Inventory and the grading incident. Assessment of Three Bessom, R., S. Carey, and J. Hinkston. Archaeological Sites in the 1971. National Register of Santa Susana Pass State Historic Places Inventory Historic Park. Report prepared Nomination Form for by Statistical Research, Inc. Stagecoach Trail, Devils Slide, Redlands, California. El Camino de Santa Susana y Ciolek-Torrello, R., D. R. Grenda, Simi. On file at South Central A. Keller, A. Q. Stoll. 2006. Coastal Information Center, A Passage in Time: The California State University, Archaeology and History of the Fullerton. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, California. Technical Series 87, Statistical Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Research Inc., Redlands, Central Coastal Information California. Center, California State County of Los Angeles Department of University, Fullerton. Regional Planning. 1979. Draft Goldman, L. [editor]. 1973. Santa Environmental Impact Report, Susana: Over the Pass…Into Parcel Map No. 10680, the Past. The Santa Susana Chatsworth Area. On file at Mountain Park Association, California Department of Parks Chatsworth, California. and Recreation, Southern Harrington, J. P. 1917. J. P. Service Center, San Diego. Harrington’s Field Notes: D’Altroy, T. 1979. Assessment of the Fernandeño, Reel #106. Data Historic Resources Present Entry and Coding by L. within Tentative Tract Number Woodward under coordination 34494, Chatsworth, California. of M. Macri for the J. P. On file at South Central Coastal Harrington Database Project. Information Center, California Sponsored by the Native State University, Fullerton. American Language Center, Dames and Moore. 1988. Phase 1 University of California, Davis, Cultural Resources Survey, Scientific Resource Surveys, Fiber Optic Cable Project, Inc. Burbank to Santa Barbara, Havens, P. 1986a. Historical California. Prepared for US Resources Inventory Form for Sprint Communications “Stagecoach Road.” On file at Company. California Department of Parks Edberg, B. 1978. Historic Site Sheet and Recreation, Southern for P-19-150427. On file at Service Center, San Diego. South Central Coastal Havens, P. 1986b. Historical Information Center, California Resources Inventory Form for State University, Fullerton. “Freight Road.” On file at Edward, B. 1981. Cultural Resource California Department of Parks Investigation: Tentative Tract and Recreation, Southern 37891, Los Angeles County, Service Center, San Diego. California. On file at California Hector, S. M. 1979. An Archaeological Department of Parks and Resource Survey and Impact Recreation, Southern Service Assessment of Tentative Tract Center, San Diego. No. 34093, Los Angeles County, Gates, G. 1971. Archaeological Site California, E.I.R. Case No. 171- Survey Record for 74-CUC. Prepared for Bechtol CA-LAN-449. On file at South and Emerson. On file at South Central Coastal Information Central Coastal Information Center, California State Center, California State University, Fullerton. University, Fullerton. Gates, G. 1972. Archaeological Site Henton, G. H. 1976. Assessment of the Survey Record for Archaeological Impact by the CA-LAN-448. On file at South Development of the Chatsworth Appendices Oaks Golf Course. On file at Monica Mountains. Report South Central Coastal prepared for the Santa Monica Information Center, California Mountains and Seashore State University, Fullerton. Foundation. Hinkston, J. 1974. Interview with Klug, L. and R. D. Mason. 1990. Joseph W. Bannon. On file at Cultural Resource Survey California Department of Parks Report on a 7 acre parcel in and Recreation, Southern Chatsworth, City of Los Service Center, San Diego. Angeles, Los Angeles County, Howell, C. 1982. Archaeological Site California. Report prepared by Survey Record for The Keith Companies CA-LAN-1126H. On file at Archaeology Division for South Central Coastal Oakwood Memorial Park. On Information Center, California file at South Central Coastal State University, Fullerton. Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Ivie and Whitley. 1976. Archaeological Site Record for Knight, A. 1989. Botanical Resources CA-LAN-851. On file at South of a 150 Acre Tract Survey Central Coastal Information West of Santa Susana State Center, California State Park - Made During the Months University, Fullerton. of Sept-Nov 1989. On file at South Central Coastal Jackson, R. 1999. An Assessment of Information Center, California Damage to Archaeological Sites State University, Fullerton. in the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Resulting from Knight, A. 1990a. 150 Acre Survey of 1993 Grading. Prepared by a Tentative Tract Located in Pacific Legacy, Inc. for Chatsworth, City of Los Southern California Edison and Angeles, California. Prepared Department of Parks and by Western Mojave Survey Recreation. On file at South Association. On file at South Central Coastal Information Central Coastal Information Center, California State Center, California State University, Fullerton. University, Fullerton. Johnson, J. R. 1997. Chumash Indians Knight, A. 1990b. Archaeological Site in Simi Valley. In Simi Valley: Record for CA-LAN-448 A Journey Through Time. (Supplement). On file at South Edited by P. Havens and B. Central Coastal Information Appleton. Simi Valley Center, California State Historical Society and Museum. University, Fullerton. Johnson, J. R. 1999. “The Indians of Knight, A. 1990c. Archaeological Site Mission San Fernando” in Record for CA-LAN-449 Southern California Quarterly, (Supplement). 8 pages. On file 79(3). pp. 249-290. at South Central Coastal Information Center, California King, C. 2000. Native American Indian State University, Fullerton. Cultural Sites in the Santa Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Knight, A. 1990d. Archaeological Site Knight, A. 1997. Comments on J. P. Record for CA-LAN-449 Harrington’s 1917 Field (Supplement). 12 pages. On file Notes—Fernandeño Reel #106. at South Central Coastal On file at California Information Center, California Department of Parks and State University, Fullerton. Recreation, Southern Service Knight, A. 1991a. Archaeological Site Center, San Diego. Record for CA-LAN-640 Knight, A. 1999. Rock Art of the Santa (Supplement). On file at South Monica Mountains and the Simi Central Coastal Information Hills. On file at California Center, California State Department of Parks and University, Fullerton. Recreation, Southern Service Knight, A. 1991b. Archaeological Site Center, San Diego. Record for CA-LAN-449 Knight, A. 2005. The Vagina Stone— (Supplement). On file at South A Fernandeno Story. On file at Central Coastal Information California Department of Parks Center, California State and Recreation, Southern University, Fullerton. Service Center, San Diego. Knight, A. 1992. Chatsworth National Knight, A. and A. Alvitre. 1992. Historic District Project - Archaeological Site Record for Preliminary Sites and Properties CA-LAN-1718 (Supplement). to Update and to Propose for On file at South Central Coastal Inclusion with National Historic Information Center, California District. On file at California State University, Fullerton. Department of Parks and Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989a. Recreation, Southern Service Archaeological Site Record for Center, San Diego. CA-LAN-1728H. RM#1. On Knight, A. 1993. Site Report for file at South Central Coastal CA-LAN-2173. On file at South Information Center, California Central Coastal Information State University, Fullerton. Center, California State Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989b. University, Fullerton. Archaeological Site Record for Knight, A. 1994. Letter to Elouise CA-LAN-1718. RM#2 Locus 1 Barter regarding sites and and Locus 2. On file at South features at Santa Susana Pass Central Coastal Information State Historic Park. February 2, Center, California State 1994. On file at California University, Fullerton. Department of Parks and Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989c. Recreation, Southern Service Archaeological Site Record for Center, San Diego. CA-LAN-1719. RM#3. On file Knight, A. 1996. CA-LAN-448/449 at South Central Coastal and Area. On file at South Information Center, California Central Coastal Information State University, Fullerton. Center, California State Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989d. University, Fullerton. Archaeological Site Record for Appendices CA-LAN-1736. RM#4 Locus 1. Highway 118 Areas to be Used On file at South Central Coastal as Fill Sites in the San Information Center, California Fernando Valley. On file at State University, Fullerton. South Central Coastal Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989e. Information Center, California Archaeological Site Record for State University, Fullerton. CA-LAN-1737. RM#4 Locus 2. Paul, B. 1953. “The Third Chest of On file at South Central Coastal Gold.” Santa Susana Mountain Information Center, California Park Association Collection. State University, Fullerton. Oviatt Library Special Knight, A. and L. Atherton. 1989f. Collections and Archives. Archaeological Site Record for California State University CA-LAN-1738. RM#5. On file Northridge. at South Central Coastal Peak and Associates. 1999. Information Center, California Consolidated Report: Cultural State University, Fullerton. Resource Studies for the Knight, A. and D. Gillette. 1992. Proposed Pacific Pipeline Archaeological Site Record for Project. On file at South Central CA-LAN-448 (supplement). On Coastal Information Center, file at South Central Coastal California State University, Information Center, California Fullerton. State University, Fullerton. Pence, R.L. 1978. Archaeological Knight, A. and B. Sherman. 1993a. Assessment of a Proposed Site Report Supplement for Development in Chatsworth, CA-LAN-449. On file at South City of Los Angeles, California. Central Coastal Information On file at South Central Coastal Center, California State Information Center, California University, Fullerton. State University, Fullerton. Knight, A. and B. Sherman. 1993b. Pletka, S. and J. E. Arnold. 1995. Archaeological Site Record for Investigations into the CA-LAN-2174, “the Old Prehistory of the Santa Susana Powder House.” On file at Mountains Area: Further South Central Coastal Small-Scale Testing at CA- Information Center, California LAN-449. On file at South State University, Fullerton. Central Coastal Information Center, California State Knight, A., B. Sherman, and University, Fullerton. L. Sherman. 1994. Archaeo- logical Site Record for Rosen, M. D., M. J. MacIntyre, and CA-LAN-2198. On file at South S. E Handy. 1979. 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Sampson, M. 2001. Archaeological Weil, E. B. 1981. Cultural Resource Site Condition Assessment Investigation: Tentative Tract Record for CA-LAN-1126H. 37891, Los Angeles County, On file at California California. Prepared by Cultural Department of Parks and Resource Division of Larry Recreation, Southern Service Seeman Associates, Inc. (LSA) Center, San Diego. for Donald Cotton Associates of Santa Susana Mountain Park Pasadena, California. Association. 1981. Old Santa Weil, E. B., J. Weisbord, and R. D. Susana Stage Coach Road and Douglas. 1981. Test-Level Other Historic/Cultural Sites. Investigations of CA-LAN-448, On file at California CA-LAN-640, and CA-LAN- Department of Parks and 1028 Los Angeles County, Recreation, Southern Service California. Prepared by Cultural Center, San Diego. Resource Division of Larry Singer, C. A. 1978. Cultural Resource Seeman Associates, Inc. (LSA). Survey and Impact Assessment On file at South Central Coastal for a Proposed 27 Acre Information Center, California Subdivision Near Santa Susana State University, Fullerton. Pass (Chatsworth), Los Angeles Ethnography County, California. On file at Arnold, Jeanne E., and Aimee Blume. South Central Coastal 1993. A Chumash Site at Information Center, California Chatsworth, California: Small- State University, Fullerton. scale Testing at CA-LAN-449. Stone, D. and R. Sheets. 1999. Phase I Unpublished manuscript, Field Archaeological Survey Report Training in Archaeology, Pacific Pipeline Project Santa University of California, Los Barbara Coastal Reroutes Angeles. Ethnohistoric Village Bell, Horace. 1930. On the Old West Placename Locations. On file at Coast, edited by Lanier Bartlett. South Central Coastal Grosset & Dunlap, New York. Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Bell, Horace. 1993. Leonis or The Lion’s Brood, edited by Gerry Suchey, J. 1992. Investigation of Keesey Hoppe. Leonis Adobe Eroding Bone Fragments in Association, Calabasas. Trailway in State Park. On file at California Department of Blackburn, Thomas. 1975. December’s Parks and Recreation, Southern Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Service Center, San Diego. Narratives Collected by John P. Harrington. University of Weil, E. B. 1980. Site Record for California Press, Berkeley and CA-LAN-640. On file at South Los Angeles. Central Coastal Information Center, California State Bright, William. 1975. The Alliklik University, Fullerton. Mystery. The Journal of California Anthropology 2:228- 230. Appendices Brown, Alan K. 1967. The Aboriginal and Recreation, Sacramento. Population of the Santa Office of Public Archaeology, Barbara Channel. Reports of University of California, Santa the University of California Barbara. Archaeological Research Engelhardt, Zephyrin. 1927. San Facility 69. University of Fernando Rey: The Mission of California, Berkeley. the Valley. Franciscan Herald Ciolek-Torrello, Richard, Donn R. Press, Chicago. Grenda, Angela Keller, and Farris, Glenn. 1999. The Reyes Anne Q. Stoll. 2006. A Passage Rancho in Santa Barbara in Time, The Archaeology and County, 1802–1806. Southern History of the Santa Susana California Quarterly, 81: 171– Pass State Historic Park. 180. California. Technical Series 87, Statistical Research, Inc. Forbes, Jack D. 1966. The Tongva of Redlands. Tujunga to 1801. In Annual Reports of the University of Cohen, Chester G. 1989. El Escorpión. California Archaeological Periday Company, Woodland Survey, vol. 8, pp. 137-150. Hills. University of California, Los Earle, David D. 1990. New Angeles. Information on the Poitical Gaye, Laura. 1965. The Last of the Old Geography of the Antelope West: A Book of Sketches about Valley and Western Mojave the Calabasas Area. Bar-Kay Desert at Spanish Contact. In Enterprises, Woodland Hills. Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Antelope Valley and Vicnity, Goddard, Ives. 1996. The edited by Bruce Love and Classification of the Native William H. DeWitt, pp. 87-104. Languages of North America. Antelope Valley Archaeological In Languages, edited by Ives Society Occasional Paper No. 2. Goddard, pp. 290-323. Handbook of North American Earle, David D. 2005. The Mojave Indians, vol. 17, W. C. River and the Central Mojave Sturtevant, general editor, Desert: Native Settlement, Smithsonian Institution, Travel and Exchange in the Washington, D.C. Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Journal of California Hackel, Steven W. 2006. Early and Great Basin Anthropology California Population Project. 25(1):1-38. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 26(1) (in Edberg, R. E. 1982. Ethnohistoric and press). Historic Overview of Talepop and the Rancho Las Virgenes. Harrington, John P. 1942. Cultural In Archaeological Element Distributions: XIX, Investigations at Talepop (Lan- Central California Coast. 229), edited by Chester D. University of California King. Report prepared for the Anthropological Records California Department of Parks 7(1):1-46. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

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Schneider, Jerry L. 2005a. United States Census. 1900. Twelfth Corriganville: History and Census of the United States. Chronology. [http://employees. San Fernando Township. oxy.edu/jerry/corrigan/history.h United States Census. 1910. Thirteenth tm]. Census of the United States. Schneider, Jerry L. 2005b. Movie Chatsworth Township. Making Exterior Locations. United States Census. 1920. Chatsworth Park. [http:// Fourteenth Census of the United employees.oxy.edu/jerry/chatPa States. Los Angeles Township. rk.htm]. United States Congress. 2006. Schneider, Jerry L. 2005c. Movie Biographical Directory of the Making Locations. Spahn United States Congress. United Ranch. [http://employees. States Senator Thomas Robert oxy.edu/jerry/spahn.htm]. Bard. [http://bioguide.congress. Sears-Roebuck Company. 1908. 1908 gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index Sears, Roebuck Catalog No. =B000138]. 117. DBI Books, Northfield, United States Geological Survey Illinois. (USGS). 1903-1912. Topo- Señan, Father José, O.F.M. 1804. The graphical Map of Camulos- Letters of José Señan, O.F.M. Chatsworth Quadrangle. 7.5- Translated by Paul D. Nathan. Minute Series. Department of Ventura County Historical the Interior. Geological Survey. Society, 1962. Santa Susana On File at Cal State Northridge Mountain Park Association Map Center. Collection. Oviatt Library United States Geological Survey Special Collections and (USGS). 1969. Topographical Archives. California State Map of Oat Mountain University, Northridge. Quadrangle. 7.5-Minute Series. Silka, Henry P. 1984. San Pedro: A Department of the Interior. Pictorial History. San Pedro: Geological Survey. San Pedro Historical Society. United States National Archives and Smith, Cecil. 1963. “Well, Pardner, Records Administration It’s the Last Roundup,” Los (NARA). 1897. James R. Angeles Times C14. Williams. Final Certificate of Turhollow, Anthony F. 1975. A Homestead, No. 2917. History of the Los Angeles United States National Archives and District, U.S. Army Corps of Records Administration Engineers, 1898-1965. U.S. (NARA). 1898. William Army Engineer District, Los Bannon. Timber and Stone Angeles. Lands Sworn Statement, No. United States Census. 1870. Ninth 5803. Census of the United States. United States National Archives and Los Angeles Township. Records Administration (NARA). 1901a. William

Appendices Bannon. Final Certificate of Office. Box No. 399. Folder T- Homestead, No. 3844. 25. United States National Archives and Ventura County. 2002. County of Records Administration Ventura Visitor Center. (NARA). 1901b. William [http://www.countyofventura.or Bannon. Timber and Stone g/visitor/visitor.asp]. Lands. Testimony of Claimant, Watson, Virginia. 2004. Interview with No. 5803. Author at Chatsworth Historical United States National Archives and Society, 11 August and 12 Records Administration September. (NARA). 1901c. James D. Hill. Webb, Martin and Oliver Webb. 2004. Final Certificate of Homestead, A Stonemason’s Dictionary: A No. 3854. Pocket Dictionary of Masonry United States National Archives and Terms, Names and Expressions. Records Administration Martin and Oliver Webb Fine (NARA). 1903. Francisco Stone Miniatures. [http://www. Miranda. Final Certificate of finestoneminiatures.com/diction Homestead, No. 4156. ary_p.htm]. United States National Archives and Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Records Administration 2004. William H. Seward. (NARA). 1905. Dionisio [http://en.wikipedia.org]. Sanchez. Final Certificate of WordReference.com. n.d. Online Homestead, No. 4492. French, Italian and Spanish United States National Archives and Dictionary. [http://www. Records Administration wordreference.com/]. Accessed (NARA). 1909. Florence M. 2006. Mattingly. Final Certificate of Interpretation Homestead, No. 6235. Autry National Center. 2007. The United States National Archives and Museum of the American West. Records Administration— [http://www.autrynationalcenter Pacific Region (NARA-PR). .org/about.php]. Accessed 1896-1928 Survey Plats. T2N January 22, 2007. R12-21W. Record Group 49. Records of the Bureau of Land Autry National Center. 2007. The Management. Riverside Land Southwest Museum of the Office Box No. 81-5, One American Indian. Sheet. [http://www.autrynationalcenter United States National Archives and .org/southwest]. Accessed Records Administration— January 22, 2007. Pacific Region (NARA-PR). 1870-1972 Township Tract California Department of Parks and Books. Record Group 49. Recreation. 2006. Inventory of Records of the Bureau of Land Visitor-Use Resources: Santa Management. Riverside Land Susana Pass State Historic

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Park. Southern Service Center, Chatsworth Historical Society. 2007. San Diego, CA. About Chatsworth Historical Society. [http://historicalsociet California Department of Parks and ies.net/aboutchs.html]. Recreation. 2005. Los Angeles Accessed January 21, 2007. State Historic Park General Plan and Final Environmental The Huntington Library, Art Impact Report. Southern Collections, and Botanical Service Center, San Diego, CA. Gardens. 2001. Research Materials in American History. California Department of Parks and [http://www.huntington.org/Res Recreation. 2004. Malibu Creek earchDiv/AmHistRes.html]. Docent Association. [http:// Accessed January 22, 2007. www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp? page_id=22090]. Accessed Los Encinos State Historic Park. 2007. January 21, 2007. Los Encinos Docent California Department of Parks and Association. [http://los- Recreation. 2003. Red Rock encinos.org/programs.html]. Canyon State Park Preliminary Accessed January 21, 2007. General Plan Amendment and Loyola Marymount University. 2007. EIR. Southern Service Center, The Tongva Memorial San Diego, CA. [https://www.lmu.edu/Page5460 California Department of Parks and .aspx]. Accessed January 21, Recreation. 1997. Santa Susana 2007. Mountains Project Resource National Park Service. 2007. The Summary. Southern Service Santa Monica Mountains Center, San Diego, CA. National Recreation Area. California Department of Parks and [http://www.nps.gov/samo/inde Recreation. 2000. Santa Susana x.htm]. Accessed January 22, Pass State Historic Park. 2007. Angeles District, Simi Valley, The Natural History Museum of Los CA. Angeles County. 2007. About California Department of Parks and the Natural History Museum of Recreation. 2004. Topanga Los Angeles County. State Park. [http://www.parks. [http://www.nhm.org/informatio ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=629 n/aboutus.htm]. Accessed ]. Accessed January 21, 2007. January 21, 2007. California Department of Parks and Statistical Research, Inc. 2001. A Recreation. 1997. Workbook for Passage in Time: An Planning Interpretive Projects Archaeological Inventory and in California State Parks. Park Assessment of Three Services Division, Sacramento, Archaeological Sites in the CA. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. Tuscon, AZ.

Appendices Travel Town Transportation Museum. Katz, Okitsu & Associates, Planning 2007. The Travel Town and Engineering. February 28, Transportation Museum 2007. Santa Susana Pass State Collections. Historical [sic] Park Traffic [http://www.lacity.org/rap/grifm Impact Study. Prepared for et/tt/collection.htm]. Accessed CDPR for the General Plan January 21, 2007. traffic analysis. Available at CDPR Southern Service Center, Wells Fargo. 2002. Wells Fargo 8885 Rio San Diego Drive, Suite 270, San Diego, CA History Museum. [http://www. 92108. wellsfargohistory.com/museum s/lamuseum.html]. Accessed South Coast Air Quality Management January 21, 2007. District. 2005. 2005 Air Quality [http//www.aqmd.gov-smog- Other and General AQSCR2005-aq05card.pdf.url] Accessed March 2007. California Air Resources Board. 2005/2006. California Air Quality, links to Air Quality Monitoring Network and Historical Air Quality for Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. [http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/aqd page.htm] Accessed March 2007. California Department of Parks and Recreation. 1972-2007. Department Operations Manual. Sacramento. California Department of Parks and Recreation. 1979. Resource Management Directives for the California Department of Parks and Recreation. Sacramento. California Department of Parks and Recreation. 1987-2007. Department Administration Manual. Sacramento. California Department of Parks and Recreation. 2001. Cultural Resources Management Handbook.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

PLANNING TEAM PLANNING ASSISTANCE Alexander Bevil Karen Adams State Historian II Karen Beery Southern Service Center Stephen Bylin Natalie Brodie Mike Bonk Michael Buxton Research Analyst II Nat Cox Southern Service Center Britta Dahlke Herb Dallas Jr. Rich Burg Jeanice Davis Environmental Scientist Sarah Farmer Southern Service Center Suzanne Goode David Holcomb Karma Graham John Johnson District Interpretive Specialist Albert Knight Angeles District Patricia McFarland Karen Miner Blythe Liles James Newland State Park Interpreter I Chris Peregrin Southern Service Center Roy Pettus Michael Sampson Barney Matsumoto Jay Sullivan Project Manager Sagar Tarja Southern Service Center Sean Woods Special thanks to: Marla Mealey Associate State Archaeologist Marla Mealey for her project Southern Service Center leadership and desktop publishing skills. Tina Robinson The staff at Angeles District who Associate Park and Recreation provided considerable support. Specialist Southern Service Center The many citizens and organizations including the Santa Susana Mountain Craig Sap Park Association and the Chatsworth Acting Sector Superintendent Historical Society, who helped shape Angeles District this plan through their participation at workshops and meetings. Ron Schaefer The City of Los Angeles Parks and District Superintendent Recreation Department, for the use of Angeles District their facilities at Chatsworth Park South during the public meeting process.

© 2007 California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR) All photographs and drawings are the property of CDPR

Appendices

California Department of Parks and Recreation Mission

The mission of the California Department of Parks and Recreation is to provide for the health, inspiration, and education of the people of California by helping to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological diversity, protecting its most valuable natural and cultural resources, and creating opportunities for high-quality outdoor recreation.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park