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Using Cap and Share to Control Emissions from the EU Transport Sector
Using Cap and Share to control emissions from the EU transport sector Executive Summary. Cap and Share is a cap and trade system in which tradable rights to whatever is being capped are distributed on an equal-per-person basis to every adult in the general population rather than being auctioned or being grandfathered (given) to existing users. Because those receiving the rights under C&S sell them within a year of receipt, it automatically compensates the least-well- off in society for the price rises that the shortages brought about by the imposition of the cap inevitably generate. This fairness and built-in fiscal neutrality make it a more politically acceptable way to control emissions than other allocation methods. Carbon dioxide emissions from all forms of transport apart from rail are rising within the EU at a time when those from other sectors are falling. Within the transport sector, emissions from road vehicles are rising most rapidly in absolute terms. However, the EU emissions trading system is unsuited to controlling them because of the way it was designed. As only aviation and marine emissions can be taken into the ETS with reasonable ease, this is what the Commission is proposing to do. This paper argues that capping some transport emissions and not others would be a serious mistake because the various transport modes are in competition with each other. Not only would the Commission's proposals distort competition between the modes but, because of the short-term inelasticity of the demand for transport, they are unlikely to cause total transport emissions to fall. -
Personal Carbon Allowances Revisited
PERSPECTIVE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00756-w Personal carbon allowances revisited Francesco Fuso Nerini 1 ✉ , Tina Fawcett2, Yael Parag 3 and Paul Ekins4 Here we discuss how personal carbon allowances (PCAs) could play a role in achieving ambitious climate mitigation targets. We argue that recent advances in AI for sustainable development, together with the need for a low-carbon recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, open a new window of opportunity for PCAs. Furthermore, we present design principles based on the Sustainable Development Goals for the future adoption of PCAs. We conclude that PCAs could be trialled in selected climate-conscious technologically advanced countries, mindful of potential issues around integration into the current policy mix, privacy concerns and distributional impacts. limate change could undermine the achievement of at were proposed to be sold by individuals via banks and post offices to least 72 Targets across the Sustainable Development Goals fossil fuel companies11. In California, household carbon trading was C(SDGs)1. The development of a just and equitable transition proposed for household energy, and managed by the utilities12. In to a net-zero society is vital to avoiding the worst impacts of climate France, centrally managed tradable transport carbon permits were change1. However, by May 2021, Climate Action Tracker2 estimated assessed related to private transport13. Scholars from the University that climate policies implemented across the world at present, of Groningen have proposed European Union (EU)-wide emis- including the effect of the pandemic, will lead to a temperature rise sions trading for households and transport, embedded in the EU of 2.9 °C by the end of the century. -
The Social Construction of Climate Change: Deconstructing the Climate Change Debate in Australia
The Social Construction of Climate Change: Deconstructing the Climate Change Debate in Australia Author Hytten, Karen F Published 2013 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith School of Environemnt DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/1670 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366505 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au The Social Construction of Climate Change Deconstructing the Climate Change Debate in Australia _________________________________________________________________________ Karen F. Hytten B Env Mgt (Hons) 31 May 2013 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane. i ii Abstract _________________________________________________________________________ Since the 1980s there has been a growing recognition of the significant risks associated with climate change. By 2007, the scientific evidence that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions were causing global warming was irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its Fourth Assessment Report which describes in great detail the biophysical and social impacts of climate change, some of which are already being experienced. Many argue that Australia is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It is also widely acknowledged that as one of the highest per-capita emitters in the world, Australia has a particular responsibility to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. However, despite this, Australia’s response to climate change has been largely inadequate, giving rise to a need for research into factors shaping this response. Research has identified the important role that discourses play in shaping perceptions of climate change and responses to the issue. -
FEASTA Submission to …
Submission of Evidence to the ERFA Committee’s examination of international climate policy post-2012 Executive Summary ● There is an urgent need for climate action but the UNFCCC process is moving at a snail's pace. It has become a Gordian Knot of complexity. A simpler process could cut through the knot and lead to a climate treaty being achieved in a relatively short period. ● The overall goals of the process need to be established. If these can be kept simple, it is much easier for competing schemes to be compared and for existing schemes such as the EU ETS to be used to achieve them. ● Simple schemes are also the easiest to explain and communicate. So far, the public has been unable to follow the UNFCCC process because it is just too involved. ● Equitable schemes are the hardest to oppose and so have the greatest chance of success. ● The ideal climate proposal should therefore be simple and equitable. A simple and equitable scheme is proposed in this paper. This is Cap and Share, a development of the well-known Contraction and Convergence approach. 1.Introduction 1.1 FEASTA is the Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability. It is based in Dublin and has an international membership (see www.feasta.org). Our evidence here relates mainly to items 1, 3 and 7 in the EFRA Committee’s list of issues in its Call for Evidence. 2. Background 2.1 There is a clear consensus that there is an urgent need to take effective action to limit the extent of climate change. -
Oriental Despotism. a Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press
credo – economic beliefs in a world in crisis Wittfogel, K. A. (1957). Oriental Despotism. A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press. Index Wkipedia. (2013, August). Kaldor-Hicks Efficiency. Retrieved December 29th, 2013, from Wkipedia: Abatement cost conceived of like an insurance premium, 381 Australian aboriginal people, 118, 129, 131 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldor%E2%80%93Hicks_efficiency Aborigines and land care, 118-131 Austrian economists, 64, 176, 296, 312, 314 Adaptation level, 53 Austrian school, 311 WorkingGroup1. (2013). IPCC Process. Retrieved January 3rd, 2014, from Inter-governmental Panel on Advertisers, 71, 75-76 Authenticity, 80, 83, 354 Climate Change: http://www.climatechange2013.org/ipcc-process/ Advertising, 73-77, 79-80, 88, 97, 237, 301, 351 Autistic economics, 54, 435 Xenophon, & Dakyns(Tr), H. H. (2013, January). The Economist. Retrieved December 31st, 2013, from Affluenza, 80, 83-84, 95, 420, 444 Autonomy, 12, 124, 234, 321, 437 Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1173/1173-h/1173-h.htm Age of Commerce, 29-30, 122, 127, 152 Autopoiesis, 124 Agricultural policy, 157 ‘Bads’ and goods, 414 Yan, K. (2012, February 2nd). The Global CDM Hydro Hall of Shame. Retrieved January 3rd, 2014, from China, 15, 23, 79, 157-158, 195, 198, 226, 291, 297, 379, 440 Banks, 99, 173, 230, 289, 291, 293, 315, 325, 328, 331, 335-337, 339-340, 343-344, 346, 352-354, 356-360, 362-363, 366 International Rivers: http://www.internationalrivers.org/blogs/246/the-global-cdm-hydro-hall-of-shame Ming sheng, 157 Bank credit creation, 173, 335, 339 Mughal India, 157 Bank reform, 354-365 Young, R., Cowe, A., Nunan, C., Harvey, J., & Mason, L. -
Climate Curriculum Learning Outcomes NOV19.Indd
CLIMATE What should young people know about 1 13 ACTION The Big Ideas: Climate Action by the time they leave school? Climate Curriculum Learning Outcomes KEY IDEAS SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND By the end of Year 2: By the end of Year 4: By the end of Year 6: By the end of Year 9: By the end of Year 11: → Pupils understand that → Pupils understand that → Pupils can clearly → Students can clearly explain → Students can name a range of some human activity burning coal, oil and articulate the link the scientific consensus that greenhouse gases and describe in causes pollution in the gas has an impact on between burning human burning of fossil fuels is detail the processes that lead to air which is affecting the the climate and have a fossil fuels and the main and original cause of their increasing concentrations in world’s climate / making basic understanding of climate change using today’s climate change the atmosphere the world hotter the scientific processes appropriate scientific Students can describe Students know where uncertainties involved vocabulary → → → Pupils understand the processes that undermine or remain in climate science, e.g. how distinction between → Pupils are familiar with → Pupils can name key boost carbon sinks atmospheric water vapour will ‘weather’ and ‘climate’ the terms ‘atmosphere’, carbon sinks such as change; when tipping points may Students are aware that in ‘Climate Change’ forests, peatlands, → be reached; climate inertia; how Pupils know that the the public arena there are → and ‘greenhouse gas oceans, algal blooms, -
House of Representatives By-Elections 1901–2014
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2017–18 5 MARCH 2018 House of Representatives by-elections: 1901–2017 Stephen Barber Statistics and Mapping Section Executive summary This paper provides details of House of Representatives by-elections, from that held for Darling Downs on 14 September 1901 to the most recent held on 16 December 2017 for Bennelong. The following observations can be made about those by-elections: • there have been 151 by-elections, an average of 3.4 per parliament • the average number of nominations has grown over the years from 2.2 per by-election to 12.0 per by- election • in only four cases was a by-election contested by just a single candidate • an increasing tendency has been for governments to avoid contesting by-elections in their opponents’ safe seats • in only ten cases have the opposition party failed to contest a by-election • seventy-six of the by-elections followed the resignation of the member, 68 members died in office, there have been six voided elections, and one MP was expelled from the House • since 1949 resignations account for almost two-thirds of by-elections and over half the resignations have occurred in safe seats • on 35 occasions the party complexion of a seat has altered at a by-election • five of the losses have been by the opposition of the day • the average two-party preferred swing against the government of the day has been 3.8 per cent • since 1949 the largest two-party swing against a government occurred against Labor in Canberra in 1995. The largest swing to a government occurred to the Coalition in McPherson in 1981. -
Personal Carbon Trading: a Review of Research Evidence and Real-World Experience of a Radical Idea
Energy and Emission Control Technologies Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Personal carbon trading: a review of research evidence and real-world experience of a radical idea Yael Parag1 Abstract: Personal carbon trading (PCT) is a radical and innovative mitigation approach for Tina Fawcett2 the residential and personal transport sectors. PCT is an umbrella term for various downstream cap-and-trade policies, all of which aim to limit carbon emissions within a society by engag- 1School of Sustainability, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, ing individuals in the process, and could cover more than 40% of national carbon emissions. Israel; 2Environmental Change This policy idea is unique because it provides an overarching approach to personal emissions Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, UK from energy use and because it combines a number of mechanisms to drive behavior change: economic, psychological, and social. This paper presents a review of research evidence and real-world experience of PCT. Most of the political interest, research, and experimentation with PCT has taken place in the UK. During 2006–2008, the UK government commissioned a number of studies on PCT, following high-level political interest. It concluded that public acceptability and the cost of the scheme were serious barriers to its introduction. However, a variety of other research work has subsequently demonstrated that public acceptability may not be such a barrier as feared. Nevertheless, there are a number of other barriers, including costs and technical challenges, some adverse distributional effects, and the low carbon capa- bilities of citizens. -
Climate Crisis: Social Science Crisis
Climate Crisis: Social Science Crisis [a chapter for Der Klimawandel: Sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven , VS-Verlag, forthcoming] Larry Lohmann The Corner House Introduction “Billions wasted on UN climate programme” (Vidal 2008). “European Union’s efforts to tackle climate change a failure” (Snow 2007). “Effort to curtail emissions in turmoil” (Ball 2008a). “. may slow the changes needed to cope with global warming” (Kanter 2007). “It isn’t working” (Vencat 2007). “Not effective” (Wheelan 2007). “A charade” (Wall Street Journal 2007). “Will such systems ever work?” (Kanter 2008). “Time to ditch Kyoto” (Prins and Rayner 2007). “Beware the carbon cowboys” (Harvey 2007). Such headlines may seem alarming. But they are becoming more and more commonplace, and reflect rising concern – even among many supporters of the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), and other flagship programmes to curb climate change – that, after 10 grueling years of seemingly earnest global efforts, things are not going according to plan. Whether or not current international climate agreements turn out in the end to be fixable, it is obvious that they have not worked so far in alleviating what US President George W. Bush refers to as the “addiction to fossil fuels” that is chiefly responsible for global warming. The headlines also point to serious gaps in the explanations most often offered for the failures of global climate policy. These explanations tend to stress a number of factors. Shorter-term political issues are said to be taking precedence over climate change. Fossil fuel-using lobbies are strong. The international legal regime is weak. Distrustful Southern governments are unlikely to buy into global solutions that appear to perpetuate colonialist inequalities (Roberts and Parks 2007). -
Sceptical Climate Part 2: CLIMATE SCIENCE in AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPERS
October 2013 Sceptical Climate Part 2: CLIMATE SCIENCE IN AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPERS Professor Wendy Bacon Australian Centre for Independent Journalism Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers ISBN: 978-0-9870682-4-8 Release date: 30th October 2013 REPORT AUTHOR & DIRECTOR OF PROJECT: Professor Wendy Bacon (Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, University of Technology, Sydney) PROJECT MANAGER & RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: Arunn Jegan (Australian Centre for Independent Journalism) PROJECT & RESEARCH ADVISOR: Professor Chris Nash (Monash University) DESIGN AND WEB DEVELOPMENT Collagraph (http://collagraph.com.au) RESEARCHERS: Nicole Gooch, Katherine Cuttriss, Matthew Johnson, Rachel Sibley, Katerina Lebedev, Joel Rosenveig Holland, Federica Gasparini, Sophia Adams, Marcus Synott, Julia Wylie, Simon Phan & Emma Bacon ACIJ DIRECTOR: Associate Professor Tom Morton (Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, University of Technology, Sydney) ACIJ MANAGER: Jan McClelland (Australian Centre for Independent Journalism) THE AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR INDEPENDENT JOURNALISM The Sceptical Climate Report is a project by The Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, a critical voice on media politics, media policy, and the practice and theory of journalism. Follow ACIJ investigations, news and events at Investigate.org.au. This report is available for your use under a creative commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) license, unless specifically noted. Feel free to quote, republish, backup, and move it to whatever platform works for you. Cover graphic: Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change, 1880 - 2012. Source: NASA GISS 2 Table of Contents 1. Preface . 5 2. Key Findings. 10 3. Background Issues . 28 4. Findings 4.1 Research design and methodology. 41 4.2 Quantity of climate science coverage . -
Quarterly Economic Commentary
RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 4 OCTOBER 2008 BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2009 Tim Callan (ed.) Ray Barrell, Alan Barrett, Noel Casserly, Frank Convery, Jean Goggin, Ide Kearney, Simon Kirby, Pete Lunn, Martin O’Brien, Lisa Ryan Copies of this paper may be obtained from The Economic and Social Research Institute (Limited Company No. 18269). Registered Office: Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. www.esri.ie Price €15.00 (Special rate for students, €7.50) Tim Callan is Research Professor, Alan Barrett is Senior Research Officer, Ide Kearney is Research Associate, Pete Lunn is Post Doctoral Fellow, Martin O’Brien and Jean Goggin are Research Assistants at the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). Ray Barrell is Senior Research Fellow, Simon Kirby is Research Fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), London. Noel Casserly is Director, Comhar, Lisa Ryan is Director of Research, Comhar - the Sustainable Development Council. Frank Convery is Professor of Environmental Studies at University College Dublin. These papers have been accepted for publication by the Institute, which does not itself take institutional policy positions. Accordingly, the authors are solely responsible for the content and the views expressed. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 4 OCTOBER 2008 BUDGET PERSPECTIVES 2009 Tim Callan (ed.) Ray Barrell, Alan Barrett, Noel Casserly, Frank Convery, Jean Goggin, Ide Kearney, Simon Kirby, Pete Lunn, Martin O’Brien, Lisa Ryan © THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE DUBLIN, 2008 ISBN 0 7070 0273 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to the referees and to research staff at the ESRI for comments which have helped to improve the papers included in this volume. -
2010 Annual Report Contents
2010 annual report Contents Welcome Movement building National Director letter 3 Movement building summary 18 Message from the Board 4 What people are saying 19 Vision and values 5 State by state 21 The year in highlights 6 Public engagement National Projects Online 23 Switched on Schools 7 Media 24 Climate Reality Week 8 Power Shift 9 Our People Election 11 Advocacy work 14 Partner groups 25 International 16 Staff and office volunteers 26 Volunteers by state 27 Supporters 28 » 2 Message from the National Director 2010 has been another year of intense growth and advertising kindly provided in-kind by Channel 10. impact for the AYCC as we challenged ourselves to Creative tactics like the Climate Elephant, one of do the impossible. The Age’s 2010 top ten political moments, captured national, local and regional press. The support of We delivered ambitious projects that engaged youth Graeme Wood was fundamental to this, with his across Australia. From Climate Reality Week, to investment underpinning our successful election Thousands of young people dedicated themselves Power Shift Summits, to our Federal election cam- campaign. to solving the climate crisis with the AYCC in 2010. paign, to our international advocacy, we delivered Thank you to our staff and volunteers – it has been beyond expectations. We will look back at 2010 as the time the AYCC very special to have the opportunity to work with so grew from an effective start-up to a fully-fledged many passionate, brilliant, caring people. Our movement has grown to 56,000 members – a organisation and movement. However as we’ve 12% rise from 2009.