Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership Operational Reliability Plan Line 5 and Line 5 Straits of Mackinac Crossing Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership Operational Reliability Plan 3 1.0 Executive Summary 6 2.0 Terms, Definitions & Acronyms 7 3.0 Introduction 8 3.1 Line 5 Construction 8 3.2 Straits Of Mackinac Construction 10 4.0 Pipeline Operations And Monitoring: 10 4.1 Leak Detection 11 5.0 Integrity Management Program 12 5.1 Line 5 Integrity Management 12 5.2 Corrosion Management Program 14 5.3 Cracking Management Program 16 5.4 Third-Party/Mechanical Damage Management 17 5.5 Geohazard/Pipeline Movement Management 17 5.6 Integrity Management at The Straits of Mackinac 19 5.7 Learnings From Historical Leaks 20 5.8 Pipeline Replacement 20 6.0 Incident Management/Emergency Response: 21 6.1 Integrated Contingency Plan 22 6.2 Tactical Plans 22 6.3 Emergency Response Exercises 22 6.4 Advancements in Emergency Response 23 6.5 Research and Innovation 24 7.0 Moving Forward 25 Table 1: Line 5 Pipeline Construction Specifications 26 Table 2: Line 5 In-Line Inspection History 26 Table 3: Line 5 In-Line Inspection Program 1.0 Executive Summary that is well over and above that of ordinary onshore pipelines; Maintaining the safety and reliability of Line 5 over its 60 • The lines are buried at depths that protect it years of operation has been Enbridge’s goal and achieved from moving ice packs; and through continued application of industry-leading operations • Regular inspections with in-line inspection and monitoring programs utilizing human resources and tools as well as divers and remote operated leading-edge technology providing multiple layers of vehicles confirm that the crossing exhibits protection and reliability. minimal signs of deterioration and is in nearly In fact, the safety and operational reliability of our pipelines as-new condition. is the very foundation for our business and is recognized as critical to assuring the Company’s ongoing success. Enbridge maintains a significant focus on leak detection Toward this end, an Operational Reliability Plan (ORP) and emergency response at the Straits crossing. For the on Line 5 has been prepared herein. Line 5 is a 645-mile Straits of Mackinac, Enbridge has developed a Tactical Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership-owned pipeline that Response Plan that was shared with both the United States delivers natural gas liquids (NGLs) and light crude oil from Coast Guard (USCG) and the response contractor for the Superior, Wisconsin, through Michigan and under the Great Lakes operating area, Marine Pollution Control. Straits of Mackinac and St. Clair River ending in Sarnia, Enbridge is also currently planning for a USCG area Ontario, Canada. Preparedness For Response Exercise Program (PREP) full scale exercise as the lead industry exercise partner to take This ORP provides a technical review of Line 5’s operations place in September 2014 at the Indian River. This exercise and maintenance history, examines factors impacting the includes USCG, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pipeline’s integrity and management, and demonstrates its local county emergency managers, Michigan DEQ and many strong safety and operational performance. other stakeholders. The focus of the area exercise will be to We pay special attention to the Straits of Mackinac, exercise the containment strategies in the Tactical Response recognizing the tremendous environmental sensitivity of Plan for the Indian River and to establish the area. While the likelihood of a leak in the Straits is low, a single display of relevant “operational information”. Enbridge recognizes the consequences are very significant. It’s important to note there has never been a leak in the Line Enbridge has taken a number of extra steps to 5 Straits of Mackinac crossing and the pipeline remains in further enhance the safety and reliability of Line 5, excellent condition. especially through the Straits, including: When the Line 5 Straits crossing was constructed in 1953, the • The increase of the frequency of inspections pipe was engineered to meet unique design requirements and other mitigation efforts beyond regulatory through assistance from the Department of Naval Architecture requirements; & Marine Engineering at the University of Michigan as well as • Utilizing additional diagnostic technologies the Department of Civil Engineering at Columbia University. adopted from the offshore oil and gas production industry to further gather information about the integrity of the lines; The Line 5 design continues to have excellent • Reducing unsupported span lengths under water longevity due to the following: to less than 75 feet using screw anchor supports; • Extra heavy wall thickness pipe was used and • Partnering with Michigan Tech University to a very rigid inspection process was conducted develop an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle during its manufacture and installation; (AUV), that will complement existing Remote • An excellent coating and cathodic protection Operating Vehicles (ROVs) and accommodate system has prevented external corrosion; increased inspections; • Low internal corrosion susceptibility; • Utilizing 3rd party expertise (DNV GL) to complete • Seamless pipe and low pressure cycling to a risk assessment of the operation at the Straits; avoid cracking; • Developing a water current modeling study to • Pipe is supported with anchor devices to examine the effect of currents on the pipelines; and counter the effects of water currents; • Commissioning an engineering assessment • The pipe is operated at very low stress to explore the feasibility of applying additional (less than 25 percent of the design capability external leak detection and real-time damage- of the pipelines), resulting in a safety factor detection technology on the Straits crossing. Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership – Operational Reliability Plan 3 Aside from their natural beauty, Michigan’s water Enbridge transports, generates and distributes energy resources are integral to the health, quality of life across North America, and employs more than 11,000 and economy of the people in the State of Michigan, people in Canada and the United States. We operate providing more than 666,000 jobs. Several villages draw the world’s longest and most complex crude oil and drinking water from the Straits and cargo freighters liquids transportation system — delivering an average and passenger ferries use it as a passageway. Sport of 2.2 million barrels each day. Additionally, we transport anglers chase salmon and trout, while commercial crews close to 100 separate commodities, including more than harvest whitefish and perch for restaurants. For its part, 10 types of refined products. On any single day, Enbridge is Enbridge’s four wholly-owned or operated pipelines — the largest single conduit of crude oil into the United States. including Lines 5, 6B, 17 and 79 — and Vector Pipeline Enbridge continues to build on a foundation of operational also provide significant economic benefit to the state. excellence by adhering to a strong set of core values In 2013, Enbridge paid more than $21 million in property, — Integrity, Safety, and Respect — that reflect what is sales, use, and income taxes in Michigan. More than 250 truly important to us. The values represent the basis by Michiganders are employed or contracted with Enbridge, which decisions are made, as a company and as individual all of who play an important role in maintaining the safety employees, every day. and reliability of our pipelines and facilities. The NGLs transported through Line 5 (nearly half of the line’s throughput) include propane that is delivered to the state to heat homes and fuel vehicles and industry. 1.0 Executive Summary 4 Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership – Operational Reliability Plan 5 2.0 Terms, Definitions and Acronyms CPM — Computational Pipeline In-line inspection Tool — SCADA — Supervisory Control and Monitoring. A sophisticated Sophisticated devices that travel Data Acquisition. A computer system computer-based system that through the pipeline and scan for for gathering and analyzing real-time continuously monitors changes in the all types of integrity features and data used to monitor and control a calculated volume of oil between two defects. The devices contain a range plant or a piece of equipment. For fixed points on the system, utilizing of sensors, computers, data storage pipelines, SCADA systems control measurements and pipeline data. and other components similar to what devices such as pumps and valves to is utilized in the medical, nuclear, safely manage the flow of oil through CP System — Cathodic Protection aviation and many other industries. the pipeline system according to system. A method of corrosion The devices identify and measure required pressures and flow rates. management that uses low-level features over the full circumference of electrical currents to prevent the SMYS — Specified Minimum Yield the pipeline and over its entire length. occurrence of corrosion. Strength. This is the maximum design LEPC — Local Emergency strength of the pipe. The pipe is ELDER — External Leak Detection Planning Committee. operated below this level by a safety Experimental Research. A test margin in accordance with regulations. apparatus — the first tool of its kind LPM — Line Pressure Monitor. An in the world — to evaluate external alarm system that monitors station leak detection technologies. discharge and suction pressures and can initiate operator alarms, set-point EPA — U.S. Environmental