American Trade Commissioner at Shanghai, China, Visits Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ Miss A

November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 21 the various port problems were discussed and manyvaluable papers submitted. ! The following officers were elected for 1936-37: President, d/ Mr. Charles H. Gant, Wilmington, Delaware; First Vice President, P Mr. Finley W. Parker, Galveston, Texas; Second Vice President, Mr. John E. Ganong, Toronto, Canada; Third Vice President, Mr. George W. Osgood, Tacoma, Washington.

American Trade Commissioner at Shanghai, China, Visits Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ Miss A. Viola Smith, American Trade Commissioner at Shanghai, China, visited Houston to confer with exporters and importers relative to possible expansion of trade betweenthat country and the Southwest section of the United Staes. Miss Smith nowon leave of absence from her post at Shanghai is the first womanto hold the rank of trade commissioner, although since her appointment two other womenin the United President Roosevelt at San Jacinto Battle Ground,Accompanied by States Department of Commerceforeign service have been pro- Mrs. Roosevelt, Governor James V. Allred and MayorOscar F. moted to this rank. Holcombe, Leaving Yacht for Inspection o/ Park. While in Houston, Miss Smith addressed the Foreign Trade Association. New Steamship Office ¯ ¯ ¯ New Service Between Offices of Hansen & Tidemann, which will act as steamship agents and operators, have been opened in Houston in charge of Houston and Alaskan Ports ¯ ¯ ¯ Karl W. Tidemann,vice president. Arrival of the "North Haven" on October 9th, carrying a The companyrecently was namedagents for the ArmentDeppe full cargo of canned salmon, marked the inauguration of a new S. A. of Antwerp, and will operate a regular service betweenGulf steamship service between Houston and Alaskan ports. It was ports and Havre, Dunkirk, Antwerp and Ghent. the first of a series of such shipmentswhich will be handled direct. Texas Ports Corporation has been namedgeneral Gulf agents French Line Will Augment for the newservice, and while a regular service is contemplated it has not been definitely decided as to the number of ships to be Gulf Fleet with Best Vessels ¯ ¯ ¯ operated. The French Line, whoearly in Houston’s port history placed its vessels in foreign trade, will increase its Gulf service by the ad- President Roosevelt Visits Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ dition of the steamers "Winnipeg" and "Vermont," as announced by Mr. E. S. Binnings, Gulf General Agent, and will maintain at On June 1 l th the City was honored by the visit of President least three sailings a monthto the continental Europeanports. and Mrs. Roosevelt and several senators, congressmen and high Wilkens & Biehl, the local agents, have announced large Governmentalofficials. bookingsfor this line. The President and his party were cheered by thousands as they paraded through the main business streets of the City and thence to the Turning Basin, where the party boarded a group of New Motorship Put in Houston Service ¯ ¯ ¯ splendid yachts and journeyed down the Houston Ship Channel The new Norwegian motorship "Tabor" arrived in Houston to the San Jacinto Battle Grounds. on October2nd on her maidenvoyage. This is the latest addition to The President delivered a fifteen minute address from his au- the fleet of motorships of the WilhelmsenLine, plying between tomobile at the site of the actual battle, which was listened to by Houston and Scandinavian ports. thousands seated in the natural amphitheater on the grounds and by The "Tabor," sister ship to the Norwegianmotorship "Taurus" hundreds of thousands whoheard the address over the radio. which was in Houston the early part of this year on her maiden The President also visited San Antonio, the site of the famous voyage, represents the last wordin the shipbuilding art. Alamo, and Fort Sam Houston, the greatest army post in the The "Tabor" is 408 feet 6 inches in length with a beam of United States, proceeding thence to view the Texas Frontier Cele- 55 feet 2 inches, and draws 25 feet 2 inches. She has a speed of bration at Fort Worth and the Texas Centennial Exposition at 16 knots per hour. Dallas. The new vessel is under the commandof Captain Halfdan An- dersen, who is well knownin Houston, formerly master of the motorship "Toledo." Fowler & McVitie are agents for the WilhelmsenLine here. The line, established October1, 1861, nowhas a fleet of 52 ships, 40 of which are motorships built since 1920. The line is building four additional motor vessels of 23,400 tons and cargo capacity of 38,930 tons, one of whichvessels will be in the gulf trade.

Record Newsprint Cargo ¯ ¯ ¯ The largest cargo of newsprint paper ever movedthrough a Gulf port was aboard the British steamer "Minerva" whenshe ar- ~-v2 President Roosevelt and Party on Yacht "Captiva II" (Ownedby rived in the Port of Houston October 7th. ~4. C. Burton, Houston)on Inspection Trip oJ HoustonShip Chan. The "Minerva" brought in a total of 6,203 tons of newsprint nel, June 11, 1936. paper from Powell River. Previous record cargo of newsprint 22 Houston PORT BOOK November, 1936

route from Eastern naval yards to the Pacific Coast, being in port from October 2nd to 8th. The Hopkins, carrying the flag of Captain John Henry New- ton, commander of a squadron of 13 destroyers, is part of the squadron of the scouting force, with its permanent base at San Diego, and it and other vessels of the squadron visited Gulf ports. The Hopkins sailed from Houston for a rendezvous at sea with the other vessels of the squadron, which will then proceed through the Panama Canal and participate in maneuvers while steaming up the coast to San Diego.

Destroyer Moffett Visits Port ¯ ¯ ¯ The U. S. S. Moffett, one of the Navy’s newest and largest destroyers, visited the Port of Houston from October 14th to 19th. Hon. J. J. Mansfield (seated) Congressman7th District, Chairman The destroyer weighs 1,850 tons, is 385 feet long, has a maxi- Rivers and Harbors Committee o~ Congress. Julian Montgomery, Texas Director Public Works Administration. Col. H. B. Hackett, mum breadth of 37 feet and draws 17 feet of water when Washington, Asst. Administrator, PIVA, and H. O. Clark, Asst., docked. Gen. Mgr. Houston Lighting & Power Company, Inspecting Hous- The destroyer, named after the late Rear Admiral Moffett ton Ship Channel. who died in the crash of the Dirigible Macon three years ago, was on a shore cruise and from Houston the "Moffett" sailed for Boston paper for any Gulf port was handled through here the early part to undergo minor repairs before leaving November 24th for its of this year and consisted of 6,092 tons, also coming from Powell "shakedown" cruise. River. Importation of newsprint paper through Houston this year has been the largest in the port’s history. San Jacinto Battle Ground Park ¯ ¯ ¯ The San Jacinto memorial monument is now being built in the San Jacinto Battle Ground Park and will be completed about Government Officials Inspect Channel ¯ ¯ ¯ the middle of 1937. Judge J. J. Mansfield, Congressman 7th District and Chairman The memorial will be a square shaft 564 feet high, with a base of the River and Harbor Committee, in company with Col. H. B. 124 feet square. Surrounding the base will be large rooms which Hackett, Assistant Administrator, Public Works Administration, will be used as a museum for Texas war relics. The top will be Washington, and Mr. Julian Montgomery, State Director of the Public Works Administration, made a very thorough inspection of the Houston Ship Channel and its facilities, as well as the public and private terminals, on September 23rd as a guest of port officials. Judge Mansfield is probably the best informed man in th, United States on rivers and harbors and their place in the economical handling of commerce, both coastwise and foreign. Col. Hackett, whose duties keep him in touch with public projects throughout the country, was especially interested in the growth of Houston and its port, and also the great memorial monument being erected to honor the memories of the heroes of the Battle of San Jacinto, as well as the construction of the bulkhead wharf and improvement of the State Park property, much of which is under the general direction of Mr. Julian Montgomery, State Director of the Public Works Administration. and Col. John S. Bonnet, Regional Director, Works Progress Administration.

Moore and McCormack Call at Philadelphia ¯ ¯ ¯ Announcement of a weekly service from Houston direct to New Bedford, Boston and Philadelphia has been made by T. E. Judkins, general agent for Texas of Moore and McCormack,Inc. Mr. Judkins also announced that his company was accepting cargo at Houston for Scandinavian ports and Gdynia to be trans- shipped to the Scantic line at Philadelphia. Operation of a separate service to Brownsville and Corpus Christi from New Orleans also was announced. Heretofore vessels calling at Houston sailed from here for the two Valley ports, whereas now vessels calling at Houston go direct to New Orleans, thence to New Bedford.

U. S. S. Hopkins Visits Port of Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ The U. S. S. Hopkins, flagship of destroyer squadron No. 3 of the scouting fleet, paid the Port of Houston a visit while en U. S. Destroyer "’Moffett" Visits Houston. November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 23

On August 30, 1836, the Allen brothers bought the land from Mrs. T. F. L. Parrott for $5,000.00 on which they laid out a city about two square miles in area. It was a wilderness, and although it wasn’t larger than some subdivisions platted since then they actually intended it to be a city. Houston is now the second largest city in the South, is the largest in Texas and there seems to be no end to her possibilities, while even as late as 1850 the population was only 2,396. Today, Houston has a population of 357,000 and is the fourth port of the Nation.

Molasses Discharged at Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ The largest consignment of molasses to be imported through Houston in several years was discharged from the British tanker "Athelfoam." The consignment consisted of molasses from Georgetown, U. S. Destroyer "’Hopkins" Visits Houston. Trinidad and from Barbados, amounting to 8,100 tons.

adorned with a huge five point Texas star which will be brilliantly Sam Houston Zephyr ¯ ¯ ¯ lighted and form a beacon which can be seen for many miles. The Burlington-Rock Island’s new streamlined train was The waterfront of the Park extending along the ship channel christened the "Sam Houston Zephyr" during special services in nearly one-half mile is to be improved by a steel sheet pile bulkhead Houston in honor of General Sam Houston, the hero of Texas wharf, with depths ranging from 8 to 20 feet in front, which will Independence won at the battle of San Jacinto. The christening provide a mooring place for the many pleasure craft visiting the with a bottle of water taken from the Houston Ship Channel op- park on memorial days and festive occasions. The entire park area of about 350 acres is being landscaped in a most artistic manner (Co~ntinued on page 40) with roadways, esplanades, a reflecting Pool, and is being trimmed with beautiful shrubbery. This work and the natural beauty of the rugged oaks in the park will make it one of the most attractive in the state.

Polish Steamship Service ¯ ¯ ¯ A direct service by Polish flag ships between Houston and Galveston and Gdynia by the Zegluska Polaska Line will be in- augurated with the sailing of the Polish steamer "Krakow" from Houston on November 12th. The new line is reported to be affiliated with the Polish government maritime activities. In recent years movement of cotton from Texas ports for Gdynia has been steadily increasing, and Texas Transport & Termi- nal Company, agents for the new service, have announced that the service will be on a monthly basis. The arrival of the "Krakow," one of a fleet of about 15 vessels operated by this line, will mark the first time that a Polish ship has visited this port.

Ship Record Broken at Port ¯ ¯ ¯ September was the greatest month in Houston’s shipping history, measured by the number of ships that used the ship channel. Rail.Ship Service. F. J. Conrad, Foreign Freight Agent, Chicago, Freighters and tankers numbering 510 loaded and discharged and Frank Hea/er, General Freight Agent, Houston, o] Burlington- freight at Houston wharves, exclusive of barge traffic. Rock Island R. R., Inspecting Houston Port Facilities. Port records show that 254 ships arrived and 256 departed. In October, 1933, some 496 ships used the channel, that being the all-time high until this September. The average cargo carried by ships using the channel has increased from 1,827 tons in 1921 to 3,640 so far in 1936. The cargo carried by ships and barges over the channel in September amounted to 2,124,662 tons, almost equalling the peak of last July, when 2,161,875 tons were carried.

Houston Celebrates Hundredth Birthday ¯ ¯ ¯ Sponsored by the San Jacinto Centennial Association, Hous- ton observed its hundredth anniversary with a five-day celebration. A spectacular feature of the observation was a water pageant and boat parade in which City and County officials, Chamber of Commerce executives and many other representative men and women from the Houston trade territory participated. November, 1936 24 Houston PORT BOOK The Houston Chamber of Commerce

Many persons and firms located far from Houston desire AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT service and information with reference to their various interests E. G. EAGLESTON,Manager for which the Houston Chamber of Commerce is always glad to Agricultural conditions in Harris County and adjoining coun- be called upon: ties-Specific information to individuals on farming problems-- The following is the executive committee: Boys’ and girls’ rural club work--Information from specialists JAMES ANDERSON...... President employed in the department of livestock and dairying, home dem- L. S. ADAMS...... Vice-President onstration and field crop subjects--County agent work Informa- H. O. CLARKE,JR ...... Vice-President tion available through direct contact with the Extension Service TOMC. SPENCER...... Vice-President of the State Agricultural and Mechanical College. J. A. FITE ...... Treasurer R. D. ERNST...... Secretary of the Board J. M. LYKES...... Member at Large HIGHWAY W. N. BLANTON...... Vice-President C4 General Manager HAYGOODASHBURN, Manager The service rendered by the Chamber of Commerceis divided Provides comprehensive service for motorists and tourists and into several departments of which the following is an outline and assists in the planning of new or improved highway construction. they at all times welcome inquiries from those desiring their Assists in planning new highways that directly or indirectly benefit asslstance: Houston. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT W. N. BLANTON, Vice President ~I General Manager SAFETY TRANSPORTATION NORMANH. BEARD, Manager C. E. HOLLOMAN,Manager Advocates and promotes the observance of approved safety Rate quotations--Readjustments of rate situations--Publica- measures both with reference to the individual and to group tion of rate changes--Preparation of statistical information in employes. The department regularly carries a message of safety defense of rate adjustments---Analysis of transportation problems-- through every publicity mediumand interests itself in the adoption Dissemination of information on the car situation and any other of legislation to enforce worthwhile safety methods. transportational subjects of interest to shippers. INDUSTRIAL PUBLICITY R. A. LAIRD, Manager BURT RULE, Manager Sites--Warehouses--Retail locations--Labor situation--Statis- National and local distribution of civic advertising including tical information on industrial subjects--Business conditions (city news publicity on Houston development--Pictures and cuts of and state)--Present and future industrial possibilities. Houston’s commercial and civic life for the use of visitors and FOREIGN TRADE AND PORT ACTIVITIES for loan to interested individuals--General information regarding T. L. EVANS,Manager the city--Direct contact with local newspapers which makes available assistance for those desiring that character of publicity Foreign Trade problems--information on Houston, Trade pos- service--Advice and counsel in the preparation of publicity matter sibilities with special reference to Mexico, Central and South which has a bearing on Houston publicity--File of newspaper clip- America and the West Indies. Spanish translations: information on pings on stories of interest. Customs Regulations; Tariffs, etc.--Domestic trade; Local conditions of trade with special reference to wholesalers and jobbers-- Classified list of Houston concerns---Present and future possibilities CONVENTION AND TOURIST BUREAU ~: of specific trade propositions. Port activities and improvements. HAYGOODASHBURN, Director PUBLIC RELATIONS Promotes the holding of conventions at Houston; arranges NORMANH. BEARD, Manager for conventions and other conferences and stimulates the holding Deals with a variety of Chamber of Commerce activities of sales conferences at Houston. which do not center in any division under the direction of a department head, including inter-organization activities. Partici- AVIATION DEPARTMENT pates in the welcoming and entertaining of distinguished visitors R. A. LAIRD, Manager and arranges details for a variety of meetings and conferences held Stimulates the establishment of new airmail and passenger by local agencies. services at Houston; inaugurates statewide movements for the MEMBERSHIP DEPARTMENT betterment of commercial flying in Texas and fosters the im- H. E. DANNZR,Manager provement of air ports in Houston and generally throughout Texas. Establishes friendly contacts between members, prospective members, new citizens and visitors through confidence in the HOUSTON MAGAZINE Chamber of Commerce. BURTRULE, Editor RESEARCH AND STATISTICS JEFF BARNETTE,Manager G. C. ROUSSEL,Manager A monthly business journal, combined with the Port Register. Maintains a file of approximately 1,500 items on subjects of informational value with reference to Houston, its trade terri- JUNIOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE tory and Texas. This information is available to anyone anywhere. NORMANH. BEARD, Director JOBBERS AND MANUFACTURERS An organization of young business men of Houston but a T. W. ARCHER, Manager distinct division of the Chamber of Commerce operating under Contact Houston trade territory and assist jobbers and manu- the latter’s supervision. Promotes the general civic welfare of Houston through a great variety of activities. facturers to develop new business. A Bird’s-Eye View of Texas--1936

Outline of Texas Geography-Resources and Industries

Reproduced by Permission from The Texas Almanac for 1936

F ONECOVED soar high enough above Texas and see with clear enoughvision, one would behold a region sloping back from the I Cull Coast to the north and northwest not unlike a slightly inclined amphitheater. Onewould see, too, that the State is divided physiographicallyinto four great regions. First, there would be the Four great physiographic regions o/ the United States extend coastal plain lying between tidewater and the Balcones Escarpment into Texas. Fromthe east comethe coastal plains, from the north and its northern extension along the blackland belt to the Red the lower and upper western plains, and from the west the mountain region. Texas has greater diversity of geologic and physio- River. Secondly, there would be the rolling upland region of the graphic conditions, soils, climate and flora and fauna than any central and north central portions of the State, extending from the other State. middle course of the Colorado on the south to the middle course of the Red River on the north, and lying between the blacklands Vegain the Panhandle there is an average of 24 inches of snow- on the east and the foot of the High Plains on the west. Thirdly, fall. the Great Plains would lie at the uppermost northwestern part of Again, on the eastern border of Texas the rainfall is morethan the amphitheater rising abruptly along its east-facing escarpment, 50 inches annually at some stations. At E1 Paso on the west, the but extending south and southeast in a lower plain to the Balcones average is less than 10 inches. The full, slow-movingstreams of Escarpmentin a rainbow course from Del Rio, via San Antonio to East Texas meander through forests of oak, pine and cypress to Austin. Fourthly, there would rise on the far western horizon the Gulf. Onthe Diablo Plateau, the occasional showers that are the mountainpeaks of the Guadalupe,Davis, Chisos and other Trans- dashed to the ground to water the scant grass and cactus never Pecos ranges which belong to the great western mountain region find their way to the sea, but drain into shallow salt basins to be of the United States. licked up again in the dry atmosphere. FourGreat Regions. TexasDiversity These four great divisions observed by the all-seeing spectator Betweenthese extremes of altitude, temperature, rainfall and wouldbe beheld not as divisions of Texas alone, but as great physio- other physiographic and climatic conditions are manygradations, graphic divisions of the United States, which extend from vast whichgive Texas its diversity, geographically, economicallyand so- areas beyond the Texas border to their meeting point within this cially. State. Not infrequently, someonecompares the area of Texas with In the chapter on the History of Texas it was remarked that that of RhodeIsland, Connecticut, Alabama, Missouri, France or Texas is at the meeting place of the two great political Americas. Europe or someother large or small political division. Or again, Physiographically Texas is at the meetingplace of four of the great one hears such statements as "if Texas were pivoted at Texarkana regions of North America, namely, the Atlantic-Gulf coastal plain, and swungaround in a circle, El Paso would pass north of Chicago." the lower and upper western plains, and the Rocky Mountain re- Such statements bring out the vastness of the area of Texas. But gion. This diversity of physiographic feature and attending varia- presentation of facts such as the following do more to bring out tions in soil, temperature, rainfall and indigenousvegetation, rather the real resources of this great area. than size, makeTexas the State of contrasts that it is today. Texas has in its pine timber belt an area as large as Indiana. Texas has an area along the coast, lying less than l S0 feet above Length and Breadth o/ Texas. sea level and having a subtropical climate, equal to the area of South Extending through more than ten degrees of latitude, Texas Carolina. Texas has an area lying in a middle temperature climate has a maximumdistance of 801 miles from the southern tip near and ranging from 3,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level and being 75 Brownsville to the northwestern corner of the Panhandle. The per cent or more cultivable as large as Pennsylvania. Texas has a greatest distance from east to west is 773 miles. mountainous area west of the Pecos as large as the State of West The area of the State is 262,398 square miles of land area and Virginia. Texas has a uniformly good farming country, well 3,498 square miles of water surface. watered and ranging in altitude from 200 to 2,500 feet above sea As great as this area is, it is enhanced in effect by the odd level, situated in Central and MidwestTexas, equal to the areas of shape of the State with its north-extending Panhandle, west-ex- Ohio and Kentucky. Texas has an area in the Edwards Plateau, tending Trans-Pecos and its south-extending tip of the Rio Grande admirably adapted to cattle, sheep and goat raising and diversified Valley. There is a straightaway coast line of 370 miles, but the crop production, as large as the State of Tennessee. Texas has the highest mountains of the Trans-Pecos rise almost to 9,000 feet, third longest coast line amongthe States, and yet it is, from stand- and there are great tablelands in the Trans-Pecos and the north- point of actual distance of most of its territory from the sea, and westernplains that are as muchas 4,000 feet above sea level. from standpoint of transportation and transportation problems, a great inland empire. Briefly, Texas is large, and it is enormously Rangeof Climatic Condition. varied. It is the variety rather than the size that is chiefly interest- The maximumannual temperature is approximately 74 de- ing and that is latent with great possibility. grees Fahrenheit at Rio Grande in Starr County; the minimumis In the first paragraph it was stated that Texas is divided, approximately 54 at Dalhart in the upper Panhandle--a spread of physiographically, into four great regions (1) Coastal Plain, (2) 20 degrees. In the Rio Grande Valley there is seldom frost. At (Continued on page 28) 26 Houston I) ORT BOOK November, 1936

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HOUSTON. i ~5..5 I’- ~7-~Z" November, 1936 28 Houston PORT BOOK A Bird’s-Eye View of Atlantic and Gulf Stevedores Incorporated Texas--1936 CONTRACTING STEVEDORES (Continued from page 25) North Central Region, (3) Great Plains, and (4) Trans-Pecos Mountain region. In the paragraphs below are summaries of each of these regions, with their subdivisions, with remarks on the resources GALVESTON HOUSTON ¯ and industries of each. In the chapters immediately following this CORPUS CHRISTI TEXAS CITY general summary will be found (1) facts and figures on the resources of Texas, including climate, water and soil, minerals, and indigenous flora and fauna, and (2) facts and statistics on the industries, including agriculture, mining, manufacturing and the Capt. John W. McGrath Capt. F. S. Blackadar various branches of commerce and finance. President Texas Manager I. THE COASTAL PLAIN. The Gulf coastal plain of Texas may be divided into upper and lower areas. The lower coastal plain extends inland from the coast an average of seventy-five miles from the Rio Grande to the Sabine. While it may be characterized as a single physiographic region be- Houston offers you cause of its nearness to the Gulf, it varies greatly throughout its length from the Rio Grande to the Sabine in rainfall, soil and character of vegetation. ,~b~.aa.t~~pply of The Gulf coast below Corpus Christi receives approximately 25 inches of rainfall a year and has a high ratio of evaporation because of its subtropical latitude. It is slightly broken in some FLEXIBLE portions and very largely covered with brush, characteristic of the border country, consisting of mesquite, huisache, small oak, catclaw and miscellaneous shrubbery. There is some open prairie in ECONOMICAL the inland portions of this territory and a band of open country lies along the coast. The soils are frequently sandy along the coast, having less alluvial material than is found farther east in the lower coastal NATURAL GAS plain. There is no river of consequence which traverses the coastal plain between the Rio Grande and the Nueces, a distance of 130 miles. This accounts for the absence of alluvial soil. The interior soils of the lower plain in this section are usually light and gray loams, interspersed with sands and some heavy clays in the valleys. Area of Big Ranches. Industries locating in Houston have the Cattle raising is the principal vocation and some of the largest cattle ranches, including the King and Kenedy, are in this area. In most efficient fuel possible at their com- the northern part of the area, in Nueces and Jim Wells Counties mand . . . NATURALGAS. and the northern part of Kleberg County, there is a fertile alluvial Wherever heat is needed, Natural Gas will soil with intensive production of cotton on dry farms, and with an fulfill the requirements with utmost effi- appreciable production of fruits and vegetables from irrigation. ciency. It is controllable to precise de- Lower Rio Grande Valley. grees-it is extremely flexible--it requires In the south part of this area is the lower Rio Grande Valley no handling, no storage facilitiesmit is in- with its deep alluvial soils, where some 400,000 or more acres of land stantly available at the turn of a valve in are in irrigation in Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr and Willacy Counties. abundance. It is clean, dependable---the Here the waters of the Rio Grande are diverted to the soil to create modern fuel for modern industry. one of the most intensively cultivated agricultural regions in the United States, producing grapefruit, oranges and other citrus fruits Our industrial engineers will, without obli- and twenty-five or more varieties of vegetables. The heavy ship- gation, submit an analysis of the advan- ments are during the winter months when 40,000 to 50,000 carloads tages of Natural Gas for your requirements. of citrus and vegetables go out of the valley destined principally for northern markets. The mineral resources of this area consist largely of oil and gas found in Nueces, Jim Wells, Duval, Webb, Jim Hogg and Starr Counties, and certain other minerals, including sulphur, which is produced in Duval County; gypsum in Brooks County, and clay products produced at several points in the area. Salt, lime, natural gas and certain other minerals from this region and the coastal belt HOUSTONGASandFUEL Co. lying above it are utilized by a new alkali plant at Corpus Christi. Middle Lower Coast Plain. 916 MAIN STREET The middle coastal region extends approximately from Corpus Christi to Freeport. It is a level plain, bordered on the southwest; November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 29 side by the Nueces and on the northeast side by the Brazos, and traversed by the Colorado, Lavaca, Guadalupe and San Antonio Rivers. There is muchalluvial soil and there is a large production of cotton, rice, hay, corn and miscellaneous vegetables. Thoughthe winters are mild, the area is a little too far north for consistent production of subtropical fruits. There is, however, a large movement of tomatoes, potatoes, strawberries and blackberries, spinach, cabbage and onions to the late winter and early spring markets. The movementis usually started shortly after the movementin the Rio Grande Valley. Along the Colorado, Brazos, Lavaca and some other streams there is a large rice growingindustry under irrigation. There has been developedalso a considerable fig growingand canning industry in this region. Original Cow Country. The level coastal plain throughout most of this area furnishes excellent range grasses and there is a large beef cattle raising industry. This area, in fact, was the early homeof the beef cattle industry in Texas. Here originated the great droves of longhorns that wentup the old cattle trails to marketin the seventies and eighties. Victoria was the early cattleman’s market and the thickest cattle population in Texas today is still found in this region. There is also a considerable production of commercialhay from the coastal ranges. At the same time, there has been in recent years a rapid development of dairying and poultry raising. Some of the communities in the upper part of the lower belt--notably Cuero---have THE SECONDNATIONAL BANK been leaders in the development of poultry markets. Here originated the famous Turkey Trot observance of the turkey market OF HOUSTON season. While muchof the area is open prairie, oak, hardwoods, in- MemberFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation cluding pecan, hickory, ash of miscellaneous growthare found along the streams. The spotted live oak belt, which extends over a large part of Central Texas, reaches its densest growth in Refugio, Cal- houn and contiguous counties. Mesquite and huisache are found in HOUSTON, TEXAS the southern end of the belt, and along someof the streams, notably the Guadalupe, there are pecan growth producing in commercial quantity. Oil and gas are found in great amounts throughout this region and more than one-half of the world’s sulphur supply comes from the sulphur deposits atop salt domes in Matagorda, Brazos and WhartonCounties. Goodcommercial clays, volcanic ash and fuller’s earth are amongthe resources not highly developed. FOWLER& McVITIE Eastern LowerCoast Belt. East of the Brazos, the lower coastal belt extends to the Sabine STEAMSHIP AGENTS in a narrowcoastal prairie, and fringed on the north by the southern border of the pine belt. The prairie region has been given over primarily to livestock raising because of its excellent ranges, but Houston, Texas its heavy alluvial soils of loams and clays are adapted to intensive agricultural production. Manyareas are in need of drainage and this has held back the crop-growing industries. The loblolly pine belt dips downinto the northern part of this lower coastal plain and sandy soils are found on the uplands betweenthe alluvial valleys of the rivers. ~n these valleys a variety of hardwoods are found, including white oak, walnut, hickory and magnolia, and there is a very considerable production of both pine and hardwood REGULARLINER SERVICE lumber. Noteworthyis the Big Thicket, the dense woodedregion lying to in Northern Liberty, Northwestern Harris and extending northward Liverpool, Manchester, Havre in Eastern Polk and Western Tyler Counties. Rice is grownextensively along the streams in Liberty, Harris Ghent, Antwerp, Bremen and Jefferson Counties, and there is someirrigation of rice from coastal wells. Little cotton is grown,but there is an increasing pro- Hamburq, Dunkirk, Gdynia duction of fruits and vegetables for the early spring markets. Dairy- ing, especially around Houston,has received great impetus in recent All Scandinavian and years. There is a considerable swine raising industry, and during the last few years a good manysheep have been introduced into this ter- Danish Ports ritory. Japan and China The lower coastal plain is rich in natural resources and its productiveness in cattle, cotton, rice, oil, sulphur and manyother forms of natural wealth has been great. Yet it is the one region November, 1936 30 Houston PORT BOOK

of Texas where economic development has been influenced by the mechanics of its position rather than the wealth of its ownresources. Cable Address: RICE All Standard Codes Coast Cities. The great cities of Houston, Beaumont, Galveston, Port Ar- THOMAS RICE & CO. thur and Corpus Christi, which have grown up to dominate the HOUSTON AND GALVESTON coastal area, draw their livelihood, not from immediately surround- NERVION LINE | CREOLE-ODERO JOINT ing resources, but from commerce that extends half way to the to LINES Canadian border. Their greatness is due not merely to the fact to that they are on the coast and have developed good harbors, but to BARCELONA ¢¢ )) GENOA and and the fact that they have deep water on the one hand, and, on the SPANISH OUTPORTS I ITALIAN OUTPORTS other, a rich hinterland that produces more prodigiously in relation to its own consuming capacity than any other like region in the MITSUI LINE TO THE FAR EAST kworld. The excess production of cotton, oil, Wheat, livestoc products, lumber, sulphur and other raw materials over an area twice as large as Texas has built the cities at the head of the deep water channels along the coast. As a matter of fact, the lower Gulf coast, although the loca- Telephones: Preston 6381--L. D. 296--Mackay tion of the nucleus of the original Anglo-Saxon colony in Texas, and site of many of the oldest towns in Texas, has developed some of its resources rather slowly, especially its potentiality for agricultural j. R. MICHELS,Jr. production. This is due primarily to the level topography and the heavy rainfall in the middle and eastern portions. The soils are Ocean Freight Broker--Forwarding Agent rich, but drainage is needed over large areas. Somesteps have been madein this direction in recent years. It is a development that will A Complete Personal Service come with the increase of the future population of Texas. The Upper Coastal Plain. HOUSTON, TEXAS COTTON EXCHANGE BLDG. The upper coastal plain includes that territory lying between the lower coastal plain, as described above, and the Edwards Plateau and its northward extension, the Grand Prairie. The upper coastal plain includes the western extension of the Rio Grande Embay- ment, the post-oak belt, the East Texas pine belt and the blackland prairies. FIR AND YELLOW PINE LUMBER The upper coastal plain is even more heterogeneous from the AND viewpoint of geological formation, physiographic features, re- RED CEDAR SHINGLES sources and vocations than is the lower plain. As the lower plain roughly corresponds to the quaternary on the geological map of Texas, the upper coastal plain corresponds to the three broad bands T of geological formations running from the Rio Grande to the Louisiana border and to the Red River, designated as (1) Pliocene- W. H. Norris Lumber Company Miocene-Oligocene, standing next to the quaternary; (2) the 709-15 First National Bank Building Eocene, (3) the Gulf or lower Cretaceous. HOUSTON, TEXAS The entire coastal plain in Texas may be said to include all of that territory lying south and east of the Balcones Escarpment, which swings around the lower edge of the Edwards Plateau, and east of the northern extension of the Comanchean Cretaceous under the Grand Prairie. That part of the upper coastal plain southwest of San Antonio W. D. HADEN W.A. WANSLEY J.R. GUYTON R.J. WALES lies at an elevation ranging from about 100 to 150 feet where it President Vice-Presldent Treasurer Secy. ~ Gen. Mgr. joins the lower coastal plain, to approximately 800 to 1,000 feet where it lies at the base of the Balcones Escarpment stretching from San Antonio to the Rio Grande above Del Rio. It is a rolling to hilly territory, covered with the brush of the border country, consisting of small oaks, mesquite, catclaw, guajilla and huisache. Soils are usually gray loams with some heavy clays in the valleys Houston Towing Co. with occasional stretches of sand on the uplands. In extreme upper portions there are wide expanses of open country. Sea, Harbor and Coastwise Towing There is some production of oil and gas in this territory. Coal was mined for a number of years in Maverick County, though abundance of oil and gas in recent years has practically eliminated pro- 811 Cotton Exchange Building duction. There are several outcroppings of basalt--trap rock--- just below the Balcones Escarpment and there is some production HOUSTON, TEXAS at Knippa in Uvalde County. Bituminous rock is produced in large quantities at Cline, also in Uvalde County. Clays for making brick and tile are found in this region also. The numerous streams, including the Sabinal, the Medina, the Frio and the Nueces flow down from the Edwards Plateau into this plain in perennial streams Phone: Capitol 6231 fed by the great water reservoir of the Edwards limestone. Some Night Phones: Hadley 8635 m Wayside 1335 of this water is used for irrigation in the lower reaches of the Nueces. Some of these streams sink into the earth, however, after flowing out of their canyons in the Edwards Plateau. There are a November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 31

number of tentative reservoir projects. The rainfall averages about 25 inches on the eastern portion of the area and approximately 20 inches on the western. The temperature is slightly removed from Platzer Boat Works the subtropical, but is sufficiently mild in winter to encourage a E. D. Platzer thriving citrus fruit industry in the irrigated regions. Livestock Chief Industry. Builders of High-Class Yachts, Speed and Working Boats Livestock raising is the predominant industry. There is a good deal of cattle range, and sheep and goat raising for wool and mohair Construction of Steel Barcjes and Tugs production are outstanding. There is some dry farming immediately south and west of San Antonio, extending as far as Uvalde County, HOUSTON- - - SEABROOK but most of the crop production comes from the various irrigated regions. One of these is located along the Rio Grande near Laredo. TEXAS The Winter Garden. Marine Railway and Derrick Service Still another, known by the popular name of the "Winter 807 South Eightieth Street Wayside 7227 Garden," lies in the central and northern part of Dimmit County, the southern part of Zavala, the southwestern part of Frio and the western part of La Salle, and is, next to the Rio Grande Valley, the principal winter and early spring vegetable producing region of Texas. While citrus fruits have not been extensively developed, the In Houston, Texas it’s number of trees is increasing and there is large production of onions, spinach, cabbage and miscellaneous early truck crops. There is also an irrigated section in the valley of Medina, west and southwest of SAM REALTY CO. San Antonio, drawing its waters from Medina Lake and producing FOR alfalfa and forage crops, small grains, cotton and miscellaneous truck crops. Along the Rio Grande in Maverick County there has re- Real Estate, Rentals, Loans cently been developed an irrigated section of about 25,000 acres by gravity diversion of waters from the Rio Grande and some 40,- and Investments 000 or 50,000 more acres are contemplated in this project. On the whole, the southwestern extension of the upper coastal 49 Years in Houston plain, which taken together with the southwestern extension of the 220 Binz Bldg. Preston 0221 lower coastal plain is sometimes called the Rio Grande Embayment, is a thinly settled, semiarid country, largely devoted to livestock, HOUSTON, TEXAS JAKE SAM excepting in its irrigated regions and its oil and gas fields. San An- tonio, on its northeastern edge, is the market, banking and industrial center for the entire territory. Laredo, because of is strategic location on the rail and highway routes to Mexico, will have a growing importance. Eagle Pass has some international trade, and Del Rio serves a trade territory on both sides of the Rio Grande and is a wool shipping point. COYLE LINES Middle Upper Coast Plain. TEXAS-LOUISIANA PORTS The middle section of the upper coastal plain corresponds roughly to the middle section of the lower plain, extending from the San Antonio to the Brazos River, but marked by greater variety of topographical features and natural resources. In the upper section, immediately at the foot of the Balcones Escarpment, is the narrow band of the blackland prairies with well defined limits extending northeastward through portions of Guadalupe, Comanche, Hays," Caldwell, Travis, Williamson, Bell, Milam, Falls and McLennan Counties. Immediately below lies a country of gray loam and sandy loam soils into which the lower end of the post-oak belt extends. There is, however, a lower, or secondary, blackland belt, coverinz portions of Live Oak, Bee, Karnes, Goliad and DeWitt Counties. The region W. G. COYLE& CO., Inc. of the central upper coastal plains between the San Antonio and OWNERS AND OPERATORS the Brazos is one of rolling plains and open prairies, excepting for the narrow tongue of post oak timbers which extends southwestward in a spotted growth between the lower coastal plain and the blackland belt as far west as Southern Zavala County. The spotted live-oak belt extends across the southern end of this territory and in its lower portion there is a general growth of mesquite. There is, however, small commercial production of timber. In Bastrop County there is a notable isolated growth of Southern pine, the farthest western growth of Southern pine in the United States, which has been preserved and from which there is a small commercial production. Oil and gas are found at a number of points in this region, the OFFICES: HOUSVON- MOBILE - most noteworthy petroleum production having been at Luling in BIRMINGHAM - NEW ORLEANS southern part of Caldwell County. Excellent clays are found in Bastrop County and there are a number of kilns in this area. 32 Houston PORT BOOK November, 1936

Volcanic ash and fuller’s earth are found, but mined only in fined sections. First, there is the pine timber section whichextends limited quantities. westward from the Louisiana border to a line which may be drawn The middle upper coastal belt has a large livestock industry, approximately from the western Red River County boundary, especially in its lower end, but, on the whole, it is predominately southward to Navasota, and thence eastward to the Sabine. The a crop growing region. Someof the greatest cotton counties in upper portion of this is shortleaf pine territory. In the lower central Texaslie in the narrowstrip of blacklands and there is a large pro- region of Sabine, San Augustine, Angelina, Tyler, Jasper and New- duction of cotton and other staple crops throughout this region. ton Counties are the longleaf pine forests. Lying south and west of the longleaf region, and to someextent mixed with the shortleaf Eastern Upper Coastal Plain. pine, is the loblolly pine belt. The northeastern portion of the upper coastal plain, that lying The pine timber area of the upper coastal plain lies at an ele- northeast of the Brazos, maybe divided into three rather well de- vation of 150 to 500 feet, has a mild temperature climate, and a rainfall ranging from 35 inches on the west to 50 inches on the east. It is traversed by the Trinity, Neches, Angelina, Sabine and Sulphur, the Sabine in its lower course forming the eastern boundary of the State. The soils are sandy and clay excepting in the imme- ¯ Parking Area diate river "bottoms," which are alluvial. Pine timber grows generally on the uplands and hardwoodin the valleys. ¯ DesirableOffice Space Cotton is the principal crop--and the principal industry--of ¯ Safe DeposztBoxes the pine belt of East Texas, but it is a region of great diversity and tomatoes, sweet potatoes, peaches and miscellaneous truck crops are grown for market. Until the last few years livestock raising has been neglected, but the census of 1935 shows remarkable increases in beef and dairy cattle in this region, and an introduction of sheep in someareas. Thoughthe territory is well adapted to hog raising, especially the production of stockers, this industry has lagged. The introduction of permanentpastures during recent years has greatly stimulated livestock production. Becauseof its mild climate, varied sandy and alluvial soils and abundant rainfall, the East Texas pine belt is moreideally adapted to diversified crop and live production than any other section of the State. From this region comes the lumber production of Texas, amounting in normal years to about one billion board-feet annually. The industry has declined as virgin growth has been cut much more rapidly than second growth has replaced merchantable timber, but during the last few years the first appreciable steps toward reforestation on a large scale have been taken. (See chapter on Forest Resources.) The pine region of East Texas is notable also for its minerals. Here is the lignite belt which extends in a narrow band from the Rio Grande to the Red across the State from southwest to northeast. There is some production, but abundant oil and gas resources of the State have suppressed the industry in recent years. Excellent clays for brick-making, tile and pottery are found and utilized at a numberof points. Large iron ore deposits have been utilized in UNION the past in small measure. East Texas Oil. The pine belt’s greatest resource is its East Texas oil field NATIONAL BANK lying in Gregg, Rusk, Smith and Upshur Counties. This greatest producing field of all history has brought economicupheaval to East HOUSTON, TEXAS Texas, causing villages to bloominto cities, while population and taxable values have increased four, six and eight fold. (See chapter on Minerals.) Though well adapted to the development of manufacturing, Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation the pine belt of Texas has been essentially rural in the past and its principal market centers are middle-sized cities such as Tyler, Mar- shall, Longview,Henderson, Texarkana, Palestine and Kilgore, of which Longview, Henderson and Kilgore owe their greatest growth

SHIPSIDE CONTRACTING COMPANY

¯ CONTRACTING STEVEDORES "

910M&MBUILDING Phone Preston 3841 HOUSTON, TEXAS November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 33 to the development of the oil field. The latent industrial possibilities of this area, especially since the discovery of oil, are great. West of the pine belt lies the upper end of the post-oak belt, which is similar to the pine region excepting that the sands are not as prevalent. The Blacklands. The blackland belt of Texas is the uppermost division of the coastal plain. It lies across the State like a rainbow, extending from the Rio Grande near Del Rio to the Red, where this river forms the northern boundaries of Grayson, Fannin and Lamar Counties. The blacklands circle past San Antonio and Austin and lie at the foot of the Balcones Escarpment in its southwestern ex- Between tension. HOUSTON The black soils are widest, deepest and most productive where MOBILE they extend into the northern part of the upper coastal plains. NEW ORLEANS Ellis, Navarro, Dallas, Kaufman, Collin, Grayson, Hunt, Lamar and and Fannin are among the greatest cotton growing counties of the State. The blacklands are primarily a prairie region, excepting along the many streams which traverse it, where hardwoods and pecans are found. Cotton has been the predominant industry for three- quarters of a century and the one-crop system has had its bad effects on both soils and the condition of the farm industry. The limestone soils are well adapted to production of small grains and forage crops, however, and the dairy industry. Diversification has increased during the last few years, the figures of the 1935 agricultural census show. Mineral resources of the region consist primarily of cement materials and clay for brick-making. Oil is found in Limestone, Navarro and one or two other counties on the eastern edge of the blacklands. A Belt of Cities. Because of its early rapid development, due to its adaptability to cotton production, the blackland belt early sprang into commercial prominence in the State. Today it has most of the larger commercial centers of the State outside of those on the coast. Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco, Austin, San Antonio, Greenville, Paris, Sherman, Denison, Corsicana and Temple lie either within it or on its border. On any map dotted to show the relative population of commercial importance of the counties of the State, there is a backbone extending along the blacklands. It early became, and is today, because of its succession of large communities and connecting rail and highway lanes, a great commercial thoroughfare extending across the State.

11. THE NORTH CENTRAL PLAINS. The north central area is one of the four greater physiographic provinces of Texas. It is generally defined as extending from the blacklands along the northern two-thirds of this belt, westward to the base of the Great Hains. Geologically it corresponds to (1) the northern extension of the Comanchean cretaceous, being that part lying north of the latitude of Austin; (2) the Burnet-Llano pre-Cambrian area, (3) the Pennsylvanian, and (4) the Permian. Gulf Offices The north central plain is an extension of the great lower plain of the western part of the Mississippi Valley. It extends south- Houston, Texas ward into Texas, disappearing where the great high plains and the coastal plain converge. Its chief physiographic subdivisions are the 804 First National Bank Bldg. Phone Preston 5218 Grand Prairie, the Burnet-Llano country, the West Cross Timbers country and the lower West Texas rolling prairies, corresponding Mobile, Ala. New Orleans, La. very closely to the four geologic divisions mentioned above, and in the same order. While this province extends across the border of 707 Merchants National Bank Bldg. 301 Board of Trade Bldg. Texas into Oklahoma, it is more distinctly Texan than the other Phone Belmont 716 phone Raymond 0311 three provinces. The Grand Prairie. The Grand Prairie, also called the Fort Worth Prairie, extends northward from the bottle neck where the Comanchean Cretaceous General Office is traversed by the Colorado River northward to the Red River. 120 Wall Street It varies from approximately 500 to 1,000 feet in elevation and is New York a rolling plain, largely prairie, and with some small mountain ranges. The climate is comparable to that of the northern part of 34 Houston PORT BOOK November, 1936

the blacklands and the rainfall averages about 30 inches. Drainage is into the numerous short segments of the Red, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado and tributary rivers, which traverse it in a general northwest to southeast direction. The soil is of limestone origin, as is the blackland soil immediately to the east, but the Grand Prairie soil is thinner and less adaptable to cultivationl although there are many fertile alluvial LAYNETEXAS COMPANY valleys and some cultivable uplands. It is largely a prairie region with native vegetation similar to that of the blackland belt. Pecan, walnut and other hardwoods are WATER WELL found along the streams and there is much cedar and juniper in the broken areas, with post oak on the western fringe. DRILLING CONTRACTORS Cotton, corn, oats, wheat and other staple crops are grown and in sandy regions there is a diversified crop industry producing melons, peaches and other fruits and vegetables for market on an mQ.m appreciable scale. This region is exceptionally adapted to livestock raising. There is some ranching in the portions of thin soil and recently there has been rapid development of stock farming and poultry raising. The GRAVEL WALL WELLS population is predominantly white and while the agricultural wealth and value of production is smaller per acre than in the blacklands, which has a high percentage of tenancy on farms, the farms of the LAYNE Grand Prairie are of larger average acreage and farm ownership is DEEP WELL TURBINE PUMPS more general than in either the blacklands or the East Texas timber belt. Limestone, materials for cement manufacture, clays, oil and gas are the principal minerals. Fort Worth, which lies just west of the blackland belt, is the principal city, and Waco, Temple and Aus- tin lie within a few miles of the eastern edge of the Grand Prairie.

Burnet-Llano Country. 6931Harrisburg Boulevard PhoneW-2141 This is a most interesting region, revealing the oldest geologic formations in the State, excepting some limited areas in the Trans- Pecos. It is known as the Burnet-Llano country, or Central Basin. HOUSTON, TEXAS The bald tops of some remarkable granitic intrusions are exposed at a number of places and the terrain is generally rugged, the numerous mountain ranges reaching elevations of 500 and 700 feet above surrounding territory. The elevation above sea level -caries usually from 600 to 1,600 feet and the rainfall is about ,30 inches. The climate is mild, but, like the Edwards Plateau of similar latitude, it is exposed to the "northers" that come down from the northwest at frequent intervals during the winter season. It is HOUSTON drained primarily by the Colorado and its tributaries. The soils vary from sandy to moderately heavy chocolate foams, but are usually thin and little adapted to agriculture, being much eroded. Many kinds of minerals are found in this interesting area and Geographically placed so as to have it is popularly known as the "central mineral region," but, aside from granite, which is found in great quantities and in many direct accessibility to the e n t i r e colors, and graphite, there has never been any appreciable produc- world, tributary to natural water tion. Lead, copper, ichthyol, gold, rare earths and certain other minerals have been produced in limited amounts. Recent research power and surrounded by rich oil, by the division of natural resources at the University of Texas has timber and grazing lands, invites discovered in this area and the immediately adjacent Edwards Plateau a great variety of valuable building stone. (See minerals.) your careful consideration in the The region is largely timbered with junipers and cedar in the expansion and development of your mountainous parts and post oak, blackjack and mesquite on the level lands. Along the streams are valuable groves of pecans. Southwestern business. There is some production of firewood, posts and poles from the cedar of this region. The gorge of the Colorado, where it traverses this region, is the site of several large Government power projects, one of which is under construction (1936). Cotton, corn, oats, grain sorghums and miscellaneous feed SOUTH TEXAS COMMERCIAL crops are grown. There is a large cattle-raising industry and many sheep and ~oats are raised, producing a large amount of wool and NATIONALBANK mohair. The territory is known for its scenic beauty and wild game and it is a favorite of sportsmen and vacationists. There is HOUSTON, TEXAS some trapping and a considerable number of pelts are sent to the market from this region. Memberof F. D. I. C. Cross Timbers. There are two cross-timber belts in the North Central Plains province. The East Cross Timbers is a very narrow belt of post November, 1936 Houston 1) ORT BOOK 35

oak extending from the Red River southward into Hill County, and Brownwoodare the principal commercial centers lying in and lying between the blacklands and the Grand Prairie. The larger on the border of this belt. cross-timber belt, knownas the West Cross Timbers, lies immediately west of the Grand Prairie, extending in varying width from Lower;Vest Texas Prairies. the Red River in the vicinity of Ringgold in Northwestern Mon- This fourth subdivision of the North Central Plains lies be- tague County to the Burnet-Llano country on the south. tween the West Cross Timbers and the foot of the great plains on The terrain varies from rolling to rough and there are some the east and west and extends from the Red River on the north appreciable eminences, notably the Palo Pinto range. The eleva- approximately to the Colorado on the south. It extends across the tion varies approximately from 800 to 1,700 feet above sea level RedRiver into Western Oklahomaand there is a fringe lying along and, like the two belts to the east of it, it is drained by short the eastern part of the Panhandlebelow the cap rock. segments of the several rivers which traverse it. The rainfall averages about 30 inches and the climate is mild, having a little The surface is one of undulating plains with relatively little lower average temperature than the Grand Prairie. timber, traversed by the manymain channels and tributaries of the Colorado, Brazos, Trinity and Red Rivers. The rainfall varies Thesoils are of sandytexture as a rule, with interspersed areas from about 30 to 20 inches and the climate varies from mild to of chocolate loams and with alluvial valleys along the principal middle temperate. The elevation ranges approximately from 1,000 streams. There is a general growth of post oak and blackjack, to 3,000 feet. The breaks below the cap rock approach the moun- with cedars on the hill ranges. There is also muchmesquite on the tainous and there are isolated eminenceswhere an extra thickness heavier soils. Mesquite is the principal grass and there are many of cap rock has shielded areas from erosion, forming ranges of low, small prairie areas. flat-topped mountains. An outstanding physical feature is the Cotton and corn are grown and there is a considerable amount Callahan Divide, whichlies betweenthe watersheds of the Colorado of melon, peach and other truck production. The principal peanut- and the Brazos. producing region lies in the central portion of this belt. There is A variety of soils is found. A large body of red soils in the a large livestock industry. Cattle raising leads, but in recent years a upper central portion give it the name of Redlands of Northwest large poultry-raising industry has been developedin this belt. Texas. Sandy and sandy loam soils prevail along the Red River. In Someof the largest oil fields of Texas have been found in this the middle and southern parts of this belt the soils on the east are region and a large part of the State’s production of oil and gas thin and those on the west eroded, while betweenextends a belt of today is from it. A variety of clays adaptable to making common, fine agricultural lands, which make leading cotton and feed-pro- face, vitrified and fire brick is found, and the principal coal producing counties of Jones, Taylor, Runnels, Coleman and con- duction of the State has been from mines in this region, some of tiguous area. Betweenthis belt and the breaks at the foot of the which still operate, although the abundance of oil and gas now plains lies the narrow gypsumbelt running approximately from limits the market for coal. Mineral waters at Mineral Wells have Quanahto Sweetwater and from which a large amount of plaster, a great commercialvalue. sheetrock and other building materials are produced annually by The population is largely white, with only a small percentage four or five large quarrying and manufacturingestablishments. of Negroes. Eastland, Breckenridge, Cisco, Ranger, Mineral Wells Oil and gas are found also in a numberof regions and there are

ONEof the most vital factors in making cities attractive is electricity. It makes men more productive, enables them to earn more. It reduces home drudg- ery, and gives their wives more time for pleasure. It helps build prosperity. Hence population has flowed to centers with dependable power supply.

Nowpower is reaching out to the smaller places. Suburbs, towns, villages and farms are being supplied with service that, a few years ago, only the big cities enjoyed. And as that development goes forward, it will have a broad influence on the movement of population--for men follow payrolls and payrolls follow power lines.

HOUSTON LIGHTING & POWERCOMPANY November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK

fine clays for brick making. Coal and copper are found also, but none is mined in this area. There is little timber excepting mesquite in the southern half of this region and cedars on the hill ranges. There are fine pecan WESTINGHOUSE groves along the streams in the southern part. Excellent native grasses, mesquite, grama and others provide range for livestock. As a whole the region is about equally divided between crop growing and livestock raising. Staple crops are grown, cotton leading, but there is a large production of wheat in the northern GUARANTEEDSERVICE section and grain sorghums, oats and corn are grown generally. There are some relatively large bodies of land devoted to ranching and there is much stock farming. Cattle raising is the principal livestock industry and some of the finest beef cattle grown in the Whenreceived, disabled apparatus is given an inspec- State come from this territory. The extreme southern portion dips tion to determine all causes of failure. into the sheep and goat country. The population is very largely white. Farmers are landowners Proper repair materials are used to maintain original as a rule, although tenancy has increased rapidly in recent years in quality. the intensively cultivated cotton region extending through the Skilled mechanics and engineers give assurance of ac- central portion. curate and reliable workmanship. Potentiality /or Development. Finally, completely tested before returned to you. While the north central province can no longer be considered one of the newer developing regions of Texas, except on its western These are the reasons whyyou get a guarantee for elec- edge, its development nevertheless is far from complete. The great trical and steam repairs when you send for Westinghouse ranch has gone except in a few areas, and the cotton, corn, grain at 2315 CommerceSt., Telephones: Day, Preston 9184; sorghum and wheat farmer has taken the cattle raiser’s place, yet Night, Lehigh 4442 or Valentine 2-2886. there is much land available for new cultivation in this region, and its future total volume of crop production will be increased. The potentialities of the region for intensive beef cattle raising on stock farms, dairying and poultry and swine raising are incal- culable. Well watered, but well drained and with a mild climate and soils suited to feed crop production, it is as well adapted to an intensified livestock production as any region in the United States. The region also has future mineral posibilities, aside from its great oil and gas fields, which have been responsible for a large part of the Texas petroleum and gas production to date. Clays, coal, gypsum for manufacture of building materials, salt, copper and building stone are found in large quantities in this region. Someof the State’s greatest water conservation projects are along the Brazos, Colorado, Red and Trinity, where they traverse the narrow belt of hilly topography along the eastern border of the North Central SOUTH TEXAS area. There will be further agricultural expansion, and development of industry will follow on its heels. The largest industrial and commercial center of the area is Fort Worth, lying on its eastern border. COTTON OIL CO. In the interior are Wichita Falls, Abilene, Sweetwater, Brownwood, MAIN OFFICE AND REFINERY Big Spring, Cisco, Breckenridge, Vernon, Ranger, Eastland and a HOUSTON, TEXAS number of smaller cities, some of which doubled their population between 1920 and 1930. Cable Address, "SOTEXOIL" III. THE GREATPLAINS. Mills at Houston, Austin, Corpus Christi, Victoria Hearne, Taylor and San Antonio, Texas The Great Plains of Texas physiographically extend from the northern and western boundary of the Panhandle all of the way to the Ba|cones Escarpment at Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio. Manufacturersand Refiners of However, in popular language, the term "Great Plains" is confined Cottonseed Products, Vegetable Oils to the area north of the Texas & Pacific Railroad. The eastern boundary is the abrupt escarpment known to Texans as the "Cap and Fats, Hardened Oils Rock." The reference is to the heavy limestone stratum on which "PANCRUST" - "CRUSTENE" - "MAGNOLIA" the Great Plains rest and which is exposed at the eastern escarpment. SHORTENING The Great Plains physiographic region of Northwest Texas cor- "PLATO" SALAD OIL responds to the Cenozoic on the geological map. The eastern breaks at the foot of the escarpment correspond to the Jurassic and .+~ II~+" Triassic. The lower southeastward extension of the Great Plains onto the Edwards Plateau is in the geologic regior/of the Coman- chean Cretaceous. The surface of the Great Plains slopes from the eastern escarp- Pancrust-Plato Co. ment upward in a westerly and northwesterly direction. At the Sales Agents for Refinery Products east the average elevation is approximately 3,000 feet, but an eleva- p. O. Box 337 tion of more than 4,000 feet is attained in the vicinity of Farwell on the New Mexico boundary line, and again in Dallam County HOUSTON, TEXAS north of the Canadian. Nowhere else in America probably is the surface of the earth as free from undulation as in the vast expanse November, 1936 Ho~slon PORT BOOK 37

of this high plains territory. Except for the breaks of the Cana- According to the census of 1935, this region has as much raw dian, Palo Duro, Tule and Yellow House Canyons and shallow land available for immediate cultivation approximatel~ as has the valleys for their headwater basins, the country is without physical remainder of Texas and a great expansion of both wheat and cotton characteristic except for its level surface. crops can be expected as market conditions permit. Due to the large size of the average farm in this region, and the great adapta- MuchCrop Land Available. bility of terrain to use of farm machinery, both cotton and small The soils are a deep rich loam with sandy loams interspersed. grains are grown at relatively low cost. At the southern edge of the plains the sands become deeper and lack In addition to wheat and cotton, there is still a large beef cattle the crop-growlng qualities of the soils of the middle and northern industry in the western and southern portion of the Great Plains portion. However, from the vicinity of Martin and Andrews area. The adaptability of the country to the production of grain Counties north is one of the greatest crop-growing regions of the sorghums and other forage crops has greatly encouraged the finish- State, and one in which there is a higher percentage of cultivable ing of cattle for market in recent years. A relatively recent de- land than in any other equal sized area in the United States. The velopment has been the adaption of corn to this territory, which lower portion of the plains--approximately that area below Plain- was at one time thought to have an unfavorable climate for corn view--is devoted primarily to cotton growing. The region about production. Lubbock has become one of the great cotton growing areas of the Oil and Gas Resources. country. The northern portions of the Great Plains--approximately Not many years ago the high plains area was thought to be that area from Plainview north--is devoted primarily to wheat without mineral resources. The discovery of the Panhandle oil growing and livestock. Introduction of a high protein, hard winter and gas field, however, was one of the greatest in the history of wheat into this territory some years ago has met with ready demand the oil and gas industry in the United States. There is now a pro- in the market and greatly stimulated production. Elsewhere in this duction of approximately 21,000,000 barrels of oil annually in the volume are found statistics of production by counties from the Panhandle field (figure of 1935). The greatest gas field in the census of 1935. These census figures give crop production figures world is located in Moore, Hutchinson, Carson, Gray, Wheeler and for the year 1934, which was the year of the most serious drought contiguous counties. Pipe lines from this area, besides feeding the in the history of the Panhandle and, for this reason, should be populous centers of Texas, serve consumers in Colorado, New Mexi- compared with a more representative figure of 1929, which was the co, Oklahoma, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, In- next preceding census. diana and Illinois. Much publicity was given the dust storms of the northern There are extensive gravel beds valuable ][or construction pur- portion of the Panhandle area during the great drought that spread poses, and potash minerals exist under wide areas. The mineral over the western part of America in 1933-34. The coming of resources of the Panhandle, other than its oil and gas, are largely un- rains, however, quickly changed the ’~dusl bowl" into a "green known, however. bowl." No area in the country has greater capacity for recovery Youngest Economic Area. from drought or other economic adversity than has this region. The high plains area of Northwest Texas is the youngest, eco- The new methods of controlling wind erosion were being carried nomically, of the Texas areas, and its soil resources and potentiality out during 1935-36. are relatively less developed than in any other region. The agri-

YourVessel will be met at the Bar and Piloted to the Port of Houstonby HOUSTON PILOTS Day Phones : Capitol 1424 -- Preston 7615 Night : Lehigh 9665 HOUSTON PILOT No. 1 or No. 2 1319 Petroleum Buildinq Cable Address : HOUPLT Houston, Texas 39 Houston PORT BOOK November, 1936

cultural census of 1935 showsa vast area of raw land, in this sec- II tion, available for crop production. While the rainfall, ranging from 18 to 25 inches, is belowthe average for the State, its distribution through the year is advantageous to crop production, and REICHARDTELECTRIC CO. vaporation is less than in the lower latitudes and altitudes. While this area received much adverse publicity because of its great WHOLESALEELECTRICAL SUPPLIES drought of 1934, the record will show that it is less given to AND APPARATUS severe drought than some of those sections of the State having a muchhigher annual average rainfall. Amarillo, Lubbock and Plainview are the principal commercial centers of the area, all of which have had phenomenalgrowth Emerson Fans :: Universal Appliances during the last two decades. The next two decades should witness growthrelatively as great. The Edwards Plateau. 1011 Wood Street Preston 6261 Houston, Texas The EdwardsPlateau lies above the Balcones Escarpment, southwest of the Colorado River, and extends westward beyond the P Peens to the extent of covering most of Peens County, all of Ter- rell County and the eastern one-third of Brewster County. The extension beyondthe Peens is sometimesdesignated as the Stockton Plateau. The EdwardsPlateau is a rolling plain ranging in altitude from 700 to 2,500 feet. It is drained by tributaries of the Concho and Colorado Rivers flowing north and northeast, by the Llano, San Saba, Pedernales and Guadalupeflowing east and southeast, by SOUTHERNSTEVEDORING the Medina, Frio, Nueces and Devil’s Rivers flowing southeast and south, and by tributaries of the Peens flowing southwestward. The & CONTRACTINGCO. western extension drains eastward into the Peens and southward into the Rio Grande. The lower portion is highly eroded, being a mountainous country of great scenic beauty where spring-fed streams flow through mountain valleys and canyons. The rainfall CHAS.EIKEL ranges from 35 inches on the extreme east to 20 inches on the west. The climate is mild temperate, but the winters are perceptibly more severe than on the coastal plain immediately below. The region is geologically the ComancheanCretaceous and the soils are of limestone origin. Several of the State’s leading oil fields are foundin the northern part and in the Pecos Valley. Granite, gravel, clays and miscellaneous metallic minerals are found. The region abounds in wild life, including deer, turkeys and numerousgame and nongameani- ContractingStevedore mals that are sought for their pelts. Wool and Mohair Industry. There are some fertile areas in the Concho, Colorado, San Saba, Guadalupeand other river valleys, but most of the region is not well adapted to crop growing. It is an ideal livestock country with a large cattle raising industry, in addition to 90 per cent of the sheep raising industry and practically all of the goat industry HOUSTON of the State. It is the greatest wool and mohair-producingregion in the United States. CORPUSCHRISTI The western and northern parts are open prairies, covered al- GALVESTON BEAUMONT ternately with grass and shrubbery. Muchmesquite is found in the central portions and in the eastern and southern parts there is much post oak, small live oak, shin oak and cedar. Someof the finest pecan groves in the State lie along the streams. Cedar is cut on a

Plant Telephone P. O. Address Box 5125, Harrisburg Station Wayside 4554 HOUSTON, TEXAS HARRISBURGMACHINE CO, INC. OLDEST MARINE REPAIR PLANT IN PORT OF HOUSTON General Machinists, Founders, Boiler Makers, Copper Smiths, Electric Welding, Floating Equipment Including Barges and Tow Boats for Ship Repairs

Night Telephone Numbers R. A. Fenzl, Wydown91612 G.A. Mather, Jr., Wydown91155 Pres. and Gen’l Mgr. G.C. Hilliard, Wayside 8986 B. D. Cobb, Wydown91249 R.A. McTyre, Wayside 1185 November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 39

commercial scale in some localities, notably around Camp Wood "Highland Hereford Area" and beef cattle of this region consistently in Real County. win blue ribbon prizes in the Nation’s greatest livestock shows. The population is predominantly native-born white, but there There is a large sheep and wool industry on the Stockton Plateau is a large Mexican population in the southern portion. The Gilles- and a few goats are raised for mohair production. The region is pie-Mason area in the eastern portion is settled largely by descendants without crop production, excepting in the irrigated areas. These of German immigrants. While the value of farms and annual lie in the valley of the Rio Grande below E1 Paso and at two or three crop and livestock production of wealth is not high per acre as other locations in Presidio and Brewster Counties; below the compared with some other regions, the farm wealth per capita is Comanche and Leon Springs in Pecos County and below the San high and on the whole the region is one of the most prosperous agri- Solomon Springs in Reeves County. Cotton is produced in E1 Paso culturally in the country today. and Presidio areas and the Pecos-Reeves country irrigated acres are devoted primarily to alfalfa, forage, cantaloupes and miscellaneous IV. TRANS-PECOS. truck. There is a limited irrigated area, supplied from springs in The Trans-Pecos region of Texas is that part lying beyond the Davis Mountains of Jeff Davis County, growing forage and apples. Pecos River, literally, but physiographically, there is usually ex- Texas’ largest production of pears comes from the irrigated area in cluded from it the Stockton Plateau, which covers Pecos and Ter- E1 Paso County. rell Counties, and is properly the Trans-Pecos extension of the Oneof the great resources of the area is its scenic beauty, which Edwards Plateau. holds great possibilities as a future recreation ground. The Davis The Trans-Pecos region is a plateau lying at an elevation usu- Mountains have already attained a measure of popularity. A State ally from 3,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level, with mountain ranges park has been developed there. In the Big Bend area south of Alpine running generally from northwest to southeast, many peaks of there is afoot a movementto establish a 1,000,000-acre park which which exceed 7,000 feet and two of whichmthe Guadalupe Peak would be deeded by the State to the National Government. The and Mount Livermore--exceed 8,000 feet. The highest range of proposed project contemplates co-operation by Mexico in establishing mountains is the Guadalupe, which extends some twenty or thirty a large park on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande. Such a South- miles into Texas from New Mexico, ending in Guadalupe Peak western international park would be a counterpart of the great (8,500 and highest in Texas). In the center of this area are the Glacier National Park in the Northwest. There is also an ex- Davis Mountains, of which Mount Livermore--known also as Baldy cellent parksite in the McKittrick Canyon region of the Guadalupe Peak--is the highest, with an altitude of 8,382 feet. Other peaks in Mountains. this mountain range are Sawtooth (7,748) Blue Mountain (7,730), E1 Paso is the principal city of the Trans-Pecos. Alpine, Marfa and Star Mount (6,350). In the lower Big Bend the Chinati Moun- and Fort Stockton are other markets serving more than county- tains rise to an elevation of 7,730 feet and the Chisos Mountains wide areas. The future of the Trans-Pecos lies largely in develop- to an elevation of 7,835 feet. While the Chisos range is lower than ment of its mineral resources and its recreational facilities. Its either Guadalupe or the Davis Mountains, as measured from sea potentialities in these things are great. level, the fact that it rises from the valley of the Rio Grande gives it a much more impressive appearance than its altitude would indicate. It is in this area that the Big Bend national park (a ten- Capt. EdwinGoudge Albert E. Goudge tative international undertaking in which Mexico would co-operate) will be located. Here the Rio Grande cuts some deep gorges from a series of mountain ranges, forming several of the most notable E. GOUDGE & SON canyons in the United States. ¯ .. Contracting Stevedores... Other ranges of the Trans-Pecos are the Quitman and Malone GALVESTON, HOUSTON, CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS Mountains along the Rio Grande southeast of Sierra Blanca, and 34 YEARS SERVICE the Hueco Mountains lying thirty miles east of E1 Paso and the Franklin Mountains towering above that city. The Big Bend area geologically is varied with large areas of quaternary, Cretaceous, Permian and Pre-Pliocene igneous. Because of the mountainous terrain of the country, the soils are usually thin, except at a few points along the narrow valley of the Rio Grande, where there are ADAMS & PORTER alluvial deposits. The rainfall varies from about 15 inches in the eastern portion and on the eastern mountain slopes of the Chisos, COTTON AND MARINE INSURANCE Davis and Guadalupe ranges to about 9 inches at E1 Paso. The large WORLD-WIDE FACILITIES inland portion, consisting of the Diablo Plateau and Salt Basin at the foot of Guadalupe Mountains, has no drainage to the sea; GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTERS the precipitation collects in the flats, where evaporation forms the salt basins which have been utilized locally on a commercial scale Houston, Texas Washington, D.C. New York for about 300 years. The mineral resources of the region are great, if surface indi- cations can be relied on. Silver has been produced more than 50 years at the Shafter mines in the Chinati Mountains and quicksilver is produced in three or four mines in the Terlingua region of the lower Big Bend. This area, for more than thirty years, has been one of the world’s consistent quicksilver producers. Copper, W. L. JONES lead, salt, lime, borax, tin, mica and a variety of good building SAND, SHELLand GRAVEL stones, including granite and marble, are found in the Trans-Pecos region, but there has been little development. Some copper and DREDGING and TOWING silver has been produced from the old Hazel mine that has been BoatBuilding and Barge Rental operated intermittently for many years near Van Horn. The distance from the market and lack of rail or highway transportation Fairfax 9720 69th St. at Footof Ave.V over wide areas handicaps the development of any except the more PhonestWayside2464 valuable mineral resources. Livestock raising is the general industry of this area. The cen- HOUSTON,TEXAS tral plateau region around the Davis Mountains is known as the 40 Houston PORT BOOK November, 1936 St. Lawrence Waterway Project

(Continued from page 16)

route, which is of doubtful value as far as the United States is concerned, would be borne by States which pay by far the majority of the taxes to support the Federal Government and of which, the State of New York in 1935 contributed about 31 per cent of the total national income and in 1932, paid approximately 35 per cent of the total national internal revenue. The Port of New York already has a most practical connection with the Great Lakes in the New York State Barge Canal. Investments of Municipal and private owners of docks, terminals, warehouses, harbor equipment, etc. along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico and some of the Great Lake Ports would be seriously impaired by a wholesale diversion of tonnage. Those States advocating a 27 foot channel to Lake Ports must Col. Ike Ashburn, Texas Good Roads Assn. and Hon. Albert not overlook the fact that deep water is an invitation for the landing Thomas, Congressman-Elect, Harris Connty. of grain and other commodities produced by the cheap labor of Europe, Russia, South America, Japan and elsewhere coming into ¯ , , PORT NOTES ¯ ¯ ¯ direct competition in the home markets of these very States. (Continued front page 23) The only argument in favor of the deepening of the St. Lawrence Seaway is that it will provide work for the unemployed; posite San Jacinto Battleground, was done by Miss Margie Baldwin, but as the greater part of the labor required would be Canadian, great-granddaughter of Sam Houston. Col. Andrew Jackson Hous- for which the United States is asked to pay, no economist would ton, only living son of General SamHouston also participated in the consider such argument sound. ceremony. The train is Texas’ first Diesel-powered streamlined train. It In New York State, the proponents of the Treaty have mini- consists of three coaches of stainless steel, luxuriously equipped mized the hazards of navigation but have proclaimed its power throughout and air-conditioned. advantages; in this respect, reliable and experienced operating power The train inaugurates a regular daily passenger service be- authorities disagree, owing to improved methods of producing elec- tween Houston, Dallas and Fort Worth, making connections in the tricity from coal which they assert can be supplied to our industries latter city with the streamlined train to Kansas City. and consumers more economically than could be secured from hydro- Five Zephyrs are now operating in the Burlington system. electric power. The advocates of hydro-electric power fail to consider that if Service to Persian Gulf Ports ¯ ¯ ¯ such power were produced and availed of to the extent claimed, the thousands of miners in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and other coal Direct service from Houston to Persian Gulf ports has been producing States, the many seamen manning our coal transports, established by the Isthmian Steamship line, operated by Norton, the army of employees of the coal carrying railroads, and other Lilly & Company. labor dependent upon the present power producing industries, would The service is in addition to the one which the Isthmian line be thrown out of employment and become an additional expense has operated to the Red Sea for a numberof years. to the over-burdened taxpayer. Bahrein will be the principal port of call, but ships likewise One of the very objectionable features of the proposed Treaty will call at Bushire, Bandar Shapour, Khoramshahr, Busrah and and a grave injustice to important sections of our country, is the Muscat when conditions justify. surrendering of our sovereignty over Lake Michigan to Canada It is planned to operate the service on a monthly schedule. and Great Britain. This American Lake is about 60 miles south of the Canadian border and into which no Canadian water ever enters. Our control of this important body of water has never been questioned for more than a century. The Federal Government more today than ever in its history, is demanding ever increasing taxes and aside from the enormous expense of servicing the construction cost, if the adverse effect on our transportation systems and on industry by the diversion of traffic in the volume as claimed by its proponents, it obviously follows that the losses that would be sustained by the industries so affected, would result in decreased revenues to the Federal Gov- ernment which, under existing conditions should be sufficient reason for the indefinite postponement of any further consideration of the St. Lawrence Waterway proiect. On behalf of the many interests which I represent and which would be so disastrously affected by the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway, we earnestly appeal to the Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association which has done such effective work in the H. J. Luhn, Dock Dept., Houston Compress Co., H. B. Cummins, past in arousing public sentiment to a recognition of the disad- Manager, Houston Port & Traffic Bureau, H. E. Perry, American vantages of the St. Lawrence Waterway Treaty, to use its wide Rep. o~ the Association o/ British Railways, Inc., with Headquarters in New York, and C. L. Gillespie, Houston ManagerCarnegie Steel spread influence in again helping to defeat its ratification should the Company, with Carnegie Steel Plant in Background. Treaty be re-introduced before Congress. November, 1936 Houston PORT BOOK 41

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Public Wharves

Railroad Berthing Covered Open MATERIAL WHARF LengthFeet Area Area Car Wharf Shed Capacity Sq. Ft. Sq. Ft. Storage Concrete ;No. 1 ...... 823 2 Vessels 85,336 16,048 83 Creosoted Pile Concrete Wood No. 2 ...... 522 1 Vessel 53,500 23,190 55 Steel-Wood No. 3 ...... 799 2 Vessels 51,661 30,3 O0 60 Concrete Concrete No. 4 ...... 777 2 Vessels 60,827 27,841 73 Concrete Open No. 5 ...... 80 1 Vessel ..... 3,680 .. Wood Wood Nos. 7 and 8 ...... 800 2 Vessels 74,166 2 O, 514 32 Wood Concrete Steel No. 10 ...... 600 1 Vessel 72,700 28,338 61 Concrete No. 11 ...... 530 1 Vessel 66,660 29,160 65 Concrete Concrete and Steel No. 12, Two story ...... 530 1 Vessel 95,644 29,260 60 Concrete No. 13 ...... 460 1 Vessel 62,176 32,500 57 Concrete (Also Grain Berth) Concrete No. 14 ...... 480 1 Vessel ..... 49,040 26 Concrete Grain Berth Concrete Concrete No. 15 ...... 480 1 Vessel 65,640 21,830 48 Steel Manchester Wharf (No. 75).. 500 1 Vessel 86,836 10,000 30 Concrete None Channel Fuel Dock (No. 77) 253 1 Vessel ..... 32,295 20 Wood Concrete Distribution Warehouse ...... 201,203 ..... 82 Cotton Concentration shed .... 277,163 ..... 150 Wood Totals ...... 7,634 18 Vessels 1,261,512 353,996 902

Private Wharves

Berthing Material of Wharf and Shed WHARF OWNED BY Length Capacity

Ralston Purina Co. (Using Armour Wharf) Armour Fertilizer Works ...... 150 Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted timber fitted with hopper and conveyor for fertilizer, and pipe line for molasses. Houston Compress Company ...... 3,285 Ft. 8 Vessels Concrete apron track: Cotton and general cargo Ship Channel Compress Company ...... 800 Ft. 2 Vessels Concrete: Cotton. American Maid Flour Mills (Using Manchester Wharf) ...... 500 Ft. 1 Vessel Grain loading berth for elevator with four spouts 1 Vessel[Creosoted piling: Handling steel products. Carnegie Steel Co ...... 400 Ft. Southern Pacific Lines (Morgan Steamship Line) ...... 1,250 Ft. (Slip) 3 Vessels Concrete: General cargo. Manchester Terminal Corporation ...... 1,600Ft. 4 Vessels Concrete: Cotton and General Cargo. Coastal Oil & Transport Co ...... 150 Ft. 1 Vessel~Creosoted piling: Oil Wharf. Gulf Refining Co ...... 590 Ft. 1 Vessefsteel bulkhead, pile dusters, Oil wharf. Sinclair Refining Company ...... 1,400Ft. 3 Vessels Concrete and Creosoted piling: Oil pipe lines and ,,. case goods. Houston Lighting & Power Co ...... 150 Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. *The Texas Company ...... 1,400 Ft. 3 Vessels steel bulkhead, oil wharf. The Texas Company (Galena Signal Oil Co.) ...... 300 Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. Champion Paper & Fibre Co ...... 200 Ft. 1 Light draft vessel Barges, etc., creosoted piling. Crown-Central Corporation ...... 300 Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. American Petroleum Co ...... 150Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. Shell Petroleum Corporation ...... 2,000 Ft. (Slip) 3 Vessels Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. Gulf Pipe Line Co ...... 200 Ft. 1 Vessel Creosoted piling: Oil wharf. Humble Oil & Refining Co ...... 1,400 Ft. 4 Vessels Concrete piling: Oil wharf. Total ...... 16,225 Ft. 41 Vessels.

* This wharf also used by the General AmericanTank Storage &Terminal Co. Vegetable& Petroleum Oils.