1 Major News Stories - US Enters Vietnam War, the IRA starts it's fight against the British, John F 1960s Kennedy wins presidential Election, Chubby Chequer and the twist start a new dance craze, Soviet missile shoots down the US U2 spy plane, Aluminum Cans used for the first time, the US announces 3,500 American soldiers are going to be sent to Vietnam, Xerox introduces the first photocopier, Fidel Castro nationalises American Oil, sugar and other US interests in Cuba, OPEC ( Organization of Petroleum News & Exporting Countries ) is formed.◘ Major News Stories - Yuri Gagarin is the first human in space, Alan Shepard makes first US Space Flight, Peace Corps is established by John F. Kennedy, Construction of the Berlin Wall begins, IBM Events introduces Golf Ball Typewriter, Pampers the first disposable diaper introduced, US Cuban Exiles and CIA mount unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro known as the Bay of Pigs, UN General Assembly World- condemns Apartheid.◘ Major News Stories - Telstar first live trans-Atlantic television signal, First Beatles single "Love Me Do" released, Oral Polio Vaccine used to combat Polio, Marilyn Monroe is found dead, Cuban Missile Crisis wide and takes world to brink of war, John H. Glenn, Jr., becomes first American to orbit the earth.◘ Major News Stories - Start of Beatlemania, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his "I have a dream" Australia speech, President John F Kennedy assassinated.◘ Major News Stories - the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is signed into law, the Beatles hold the top five positions in the Billboard Top 40 singles in America, First pirate radio station, Radio Caroline, is established, Elizabeth Taylor marries Richard Burton for the first time, U.S. Surgeon General reports that smoking may lead to lung cancer, Mods and Rockers fight at British Seaside Resorts.◘ Major News Stories - Mini Skirt appears in London, Operation Rolling Thunder Launched In Vietnam.◘ Major News Stories - Worlds first vertical Jump Jet the Harrier is introduced, English Channel Hovercraft service begins, China's Cultural Revolution Begins, Miniskirts are in fashion, Aberfan disaster in South Wales, Vietnam War international days of protest.◘ Major News Stories - Worlds First Heart Transplant, the first ATM, the first Super Bowl played between Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs, Six Day War Arab Forces attack Israel beginning the Yom Kippur War.◘ Major News Stories - Dr. Christian Barnard performs the first successful heart transplant, Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., the first Big Mac goes on sale in McDonalds costing 49 cents, Boeing 747 made its maiden flight, Emergency 911 Telephone service is started in the USA, Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia.◘ Major News Stories - the Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records, First Concorde test flight is conducted In France, Woodstock attracts more than 350,000 rock-n-roll fans, Members of a cult led by Charles Manson murder five people, the first man is landed on the moon on the Apollo 11 mission by the U.S. and Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the Moon.◘ 2 2 What Happened in 1960 Important News and Events, Key Technology and Popular Culture 1960 World 1960 in Australia 1960 the cold war continued to become colder as the two sides Events in Australia distrusted the other more and tried to influence other parts of 7 March – Arthur Calwell becomes leader of the Australian Labor the world. John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson won the Party. Presidency . the sexual revolution of the 60's had begun with the use of birth control pills and Hugh Hefner opening the first of his 10 June – A TAA Fokker Friendship, Abel Tasman, crashes at Playboy clubs in Chicago. the "Flintstones" is shown on television Mackay, Queensland, killing 29 persons. To date (2009), this for the first time and movies this year include "The Magnificent remains the worst loss of life in a peacetime air crash in Seven" and "Psycho" . Notable technical achievements include Australia. the invention of the Laser and a Heart Pacemaker. France tests 7 July – An eight-year-old schoolboy, Graeme Thorne, is its first atomic bomb and joins those countries with nuclear kidnapped in Sydney, apparently to extort money from his bomb technology. Notable names that appear in the limelight parents who had recently won the Sydney Opera House lottery. that year include "Cassius Clay" and "Sir Francis Chichester" . the 19 July – First reported skyjacking/hijacking in the world Trans US sends the first troops to Vietnam following the French Australia Airlines Flight 408 withdrawal in 1954 in the fight against communist North Vietnam. 14 October – The Warragamba Dam is opened by the Premier of New South Wales. OPEC -- Created OPEC ( Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ) is formed Science and technology during meeting in Baghdad, Iraq Frank Macfarlane Burnet is announced joint winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine◘ Egypt - Aswan High Dam Construction on the Aswan High Dam in Egypt began during Arts and literature January. the 364 feet tall by 12,562 feet long dam was built Frank Macfarlane Burnet is announced as the inaugural winner across the Nile river and it was completed in 1970 at a cost of of the Australian of the Year about $1 billion. Judy Cassab wins the Archibald Prize USA - Pioneer 5 Spacecraft The Irishman by Elizabeth O'Conner wins the Miles Franklin Literary Award◘ NASA launches the Pioneer 5 space probe on March 11th. the purpose of its mission was to travel between the orbits of Earth Television and Venus in order to gather information about deep space The introduction of Television in 1956 saw that cinema between the two planets. the space craft measured the audiences halved. Television led to an increase in home interplanetary magnetic field and gathered information about entertainment. It changed the patterns of leisure and exposed ionization and solar flare particles. It successfully completed its Australians more than ever before to other cultures. mission and stopped transmitting data back to Earth by April of that year. In June, Pioneer 5 was able to establish 15 January – The 2nd Annual Logie Awards are held the Savoy communications with Earth at a then record 22.5 million miles Hotel in Brighton, Victoria, although they are not televised. away, but contact with the craft was lost after that point. Graham Kennedy wins the "Star of the Year" (Gold Loogie) award.◘ Brazil -- Brasilia The new capital city of Brazil Brasilia is officially inaugurated on Film April 21, Theatres and cinemas were popular venues for Australians. America was the biggest influence in Film because of Hollywood. UK -- CND / Ban the Bomb Britain also played a role in influencing Australian Film making. ◘ 100,000 Join "Ban the Bomb" Rally on April 18th in London Music CND is still an outspoken organization against nuclear, chemical Music was diverse during this time. People listened to classical or biological weapons but following the end of the cold war and and opera; jazz and blues; folk Music and pop Music. Australian agreements by the super powers to limit nuclear arms Musicians and singers also made it into world stages. Popular proliferation public support is not as strong as it was. Music was often connected with social protest movement and Italy - Rome Olympics civil rights and campaigns. Peace, freedom, choice and difference were strong themes. Ballet was popularized in The Summer Olympics are held in Rome, Italy. 3 3 These were the first games to be fully covered on television. Australia but both ballet and opera continued to appeal to small A total of 83 countries sent over 5,000 athletes to participate in minorities of the population. America had an enormous influence the 150 sporting events. on Australian Music, and American Musicians tended to the Soviet Union, U.S., and Italy won the most medals. consistently top the 'pop' charts in Australia. A lot of people were These games were also notable because the city of Rome listening to American Music. decided to restore and use some of their ancient sites to host certain events, providing a more interesting backdrop Top 10 Hits for these particular games. "It's Now or Never" - Elvis Presley "Boom Boom Baby" - Crash Craddock Vietnam -- Vietnam War "He'll Have to Go" - Jim Reeves The U.S. announces that 3,500 American soldiers are going to "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" / "I Gotta Know" - Elvis Presley be sent to Vietnam "Clap Your Hands" - The Beau Marks The Vietnam conflict had it's history in the original French Control "Just a Closer Walk with Thee" - Jimmie Rodgers of the region which changed to U.S. support following French withdrawal, Together with distrust by both sides during the cold "Save the Last Dance for Me" - The Drifters war and successive US Presidents starting with Dwight D. "Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport" - Rolf Harris Eisenhower believing in the Domino Theory / Effect that if one "What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?" - Emile Ford country fell to communism each country with borders would be and The Checkmates more likely to fall, combined with the financial / Military backing "My Old Man's a Dustman" - Lonnie Donegan ◘ of the Soviet Union and China of North Vietnam. Over the next few years the war escalated on both sides eventually ending in Births 1973 when the US pulled out of Vietnam following a North 4 January – Gavin Miller, rugby league player Vietnam Victory 18 January – Graham Jennings, Footballer USA - Psycho Film Premieres 21 January – Jennifer Keyte, journalist The classic suspenseful horror film “Psycho” premiered on June 22 January – Michael Hutchence, singer (died 1997) 16th in New York City.