Odessa, Ukraine | 30-31 October 2019

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Odessa, Ukraine | 30-31 October 2019 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union ITU Regional Economic Dialogue on Information and Telecommunication Technologies for Europe and CIS (RED-2019) Odessa, Ukraine | 30-31 October 2019 PRACTICAL INFORMATION Specific information accessible via http://itu.int/go/EUR_RED-19 1. Event venue A.S. Popov Odessa National Academy of Telecommunications Conference hall (Aud. 223) of the main academic building Address: 1, Kuznechna St., Odessa, 65029, Ukraine Contact: + 38 (048) 705 03 84 Map 2. Registration Registration of participants will start on Wednesday, 30th of October 2019, at 08:30 a.m. at the event venue. 3. Working language Conference will be held in English and Russian with simultaneous interpretation. 4. Transport The participants of the event, who booked a hotel in the city center, will be provided with transfer service from the airport/train station/bus station to the hotel. Most of the recommended hotels are within walking distance from the venue. 5. Currency/ Exchange/ credit cards Currency unit of Ukraine is hryvnia. Credit cards are accepted in banks, large hotels, some travel agencies and shops. The exchange rate of hryvnia should be found out at the bank or exchange office. As of 08 July 2019, Ukrainian hryvnia exchange rate was as following: 1 USD = 25,75 UAH 1 EUR = 28,90 UAH 1 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Information on the current rate of hryvnia against other currencies is available at: http://www.bank.gov.ua/control/uk/allinfo. Banks are opened from 9:00 a.m. till 18:00 p.m., Monday to Friday. Currency exchange is carried out by all the banks and exchange offices. 6. Recommended hotels Distance Price for BB Hotel Address Web from single/ Mail Telephone venue double https://wellotel- +380 (482) 34-28-08, 1, Tiraspolskaya odessa.nochi.com.ua/ +380 (482) 34-28-07, Wellotel St., Odessa, 1.0km 16/18 USD [email protected] +38 (098) 972-75-11, Ukraine, 65026 +38 (067) 627-07-27 27, Deribasovskaya http://www.hotel- 34,53/35,96 +38(067)734-36-27, Deribas 1.2km [email protected] St., Odessa, deribas.com/ USD +38(067) 182-31-00 Ukraine, 65026 13, +38 (067) 489-87-07, Deribasovskaya 66,03/89,33 Frappoli www.frapolli-hotel.com 1.6km [email protected] +380 (482) 35-68-00, St., Odessa, USD +380 (482) 35-68-01 Ukraine, 65026 +38 (097) 669-46-65, 5, Deribasovskaya http://www.continental 50,49/44,66 sales@continental- Continental St., Odessa, 1.9km +38 (099) 781-26-44, -hotel.com.ua/ USD hotel.com.ua Ukraine, 65026 +380 (48) 786-01-55 Wall Street 12, Vice Admiral 86,22/99,04 [email protected], Zhukov lane, https://ws-hotel.com/ 1.1km +380 (48) 79-33-000 Hotel USD [email protected] Odessa, Ukraine Information about hotel rooms and their cost is provided as of July 2019. More information can be found on hotel websites or on by phone. 7. Climate The climate in Odessa is a temperate continental climate. Average daily temperature in October is +10° C, average night temperature is +5° C. 8. Time Kiev time (winter) - UTC / GMT + 2:00. 9. Electrical devices Voltage power in Ukraine - 220V / 50Hz. 10. Communication means At the venue of the event, the participants will be provided with wireless Internet access. For calls to Odessa, dialing code is +38 048. 2 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union For international calls from Odessa please dial plus, then the country code, area code (when calling from a mobile phone) or follow the instructions on the phone card. 11. Visa Those participants who need an entry visa to Ukraine are recommended to apply in advance to the Ukrainian consulate in their country for information on visa requirements. To receive visa support, kindly send the duly completed visa support request form to the event coordinator, Vladyslav Kumysh by e-mail: [email protected] by 19th of September 2019 at the latest. 12. General information Odessa is a city on the Black Sea coast of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Odessa region, the largest port in Ukraine, a major industrial, cultural, scientific and resort center, highways and railways node. Odessa is the third city in the country in terms of population. The city is situated on the Odessa Bay of the Black Sea. The most part of the city, including the historical center, is located on the plains overtopping the sea level about 50 m. The area of the city is 163 km2, population density is 6139 persons/ km2. Odessa is characterized by the developed highways network. The city is located near Danube, Dnestr, Southern Bug, and Dnepr rivers, which along with the large seaports of Odessa, Illyichevsk and Yuzhny and Odessa international airport and railway form the unique favorable conditions for loads accepting, processing, saving and transporting and the powerful passenger flows processing. 3 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union 13. Contacts Host contact A.S. Popov ONAT Head of Research & Development Department Name: Vladyslav Kumysh Email: [email protected] Mobile: +38 048 705 03 84 ITU Office for Europe Mr. Jaroslaw PONDER Head of the ITU Office for Europe Phone: +41 22 730 5111 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: eurregion(@)itu.int 4 .
Recommended publications
  • Dry Grassland Vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a Preliminary Overview of Its Syntaxonomy, Ecology and Biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Tuexenia - Mitteilungen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: NS_34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kuzenko Anna A., Becker Thomas, Didukh Yakiv P., Ardelean Ioana Violeta, Becker Ute, Beldean Monika, Dolnik Christian, Jeschke Michael, Naqinezhad Alireza, Ugurlu Emin, Unal Aslan, Vassilev Kiril, Vorona Evgeniy I., Yavorska Olena H., Dengler Jürgen Artikel/Article: Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430. Göttingen 2014. doi: 10.14471/2014.34.020, available online at www.tuexenia.de Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) – a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity Die Trockenrasenvegetation Zentral-Podoliens (Ukraine) – eine vorläufige Übersicht zu Syntaxonomie, Ökologie und Biodiversität Anna A. Kuzemko1, Thomas Becker2, Yakiv P. Didukh3, Ioana Violeta Arde- lean4, Ute Becker5, Monica Beldean4, Christian Dolnik6, Michael Jeschke2, Alireza Naqinezhad7, Emin Uğurlu8, Aslan Ünal9, Kiril Vassilev10, Evgeniy I. Vorona11, Olena H. Yavorska11 & Jürgen Dengler12,13,14,* 1National Dendrological Park “Sofiyvka”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyivska Str. 12a, 20300 Uman’, Ukraine, [email protected];2Geobotany, Faculty of Geography and Geosciences, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, [email protected];
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality Assessment of the Surface Water of the Southern Bug River Basin by Complex Indices
    Journal of Ecological Engineering Received: 2020.09.10 Revised: 2020.10.19 Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2021, pages 195–205 Accepted: 2020.11.05 Available online: 2020.12.01 https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/128858 Water Quality Assessment of the Surface Water of the Southern Bug River Basin by Complex Indices Iryna Shakhman1, Anastasiia Bystriantseva1* 1 Kherson State University, Universitetska Str., 27, Kherson, 73000, Ukraine * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The article describes modern anthropogenic load on the surface water of the Southern Bug River Basin in a chang- ing climate. The main water users-pollutants of the Southern Bug River Basin in Vinnytska and Mykolaivska regions were identified. The water quality of the surface water of the Southern Bug River in time and space (along the river stream) was analyzed. The water quality of the Southern Bug River was assessed by complex indices for different water users. In order to assess water quality, it is recommended to use complex indices that take into account the effect of the total action of pollutants. The self-purification potential and capability of restoration in space (along the river stream) of the aquatic ecosystem of the Southern Bug River was established for 2019. The results of the study allow us to state that the use of surface water of the Southern Bug River Basin for drinking, fishery, cultural and recreational needs is related to certain environmental risks. It is recommended to carry out the environmental protection measures aimed at adjusting the priorities of economic activity, reduction of wastewater discharge and increase in the water content of the river by regulating the operation of energy complexes.
    [Show full text]
  • NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA
    NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA Expert Statement NPP SOUTH UKRAINE LIFETIME-EXTENSION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Expert Statement Oda Becker Kurt Decker Gabriele Mraz REPORT REP-0774 VIENNA 2021 Project Manager Franz Meister Authors Oda Becker, technical-scientific consultant (content project management, chapters 7, 8, 10) Kurt Decker (chapter 9) Gabriele Mraz, pulswerk GmbH (project coordinator, chapters 4, 5, 6, 11) Translations and Patricia Lorenz english editing Layout/Type setting Thomas Loessl Title photograph © iStockphoto.com/imagestock Contracting authority Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology, Directorate VI/9 General Coordination of Nuclear Affairs GZ: BMNT-UW.1.1.2/0019-I/6/2018 Publications For further information about the publications of the Umweltbundesamt please go to: https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/ Imprint Owner and Editor: Umweltbundesamt GmbH Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna/Austria This publication is only available in electronic format at https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/. © Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna, 2021 All Rights reserved ISBN 978-3-99004-597-8 NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA – Contents CONTENTS SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................6 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG................................................................................................ 11 РЕЗЮМЕ .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE EIA GAP ANALYSIS for the PROJECT of DREDGING WORKS at the SOUTHERN BUG RIVER Introduction the Multipurpose Use of the River
    ~ 92 ~ UDC 627.4:504.06 Margarita M. Radomska, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology ORCID ID 0000-0002-8096-0313 e-mail: [email protected] Oleg V. Ryabchevsky, Teaching assisstant of the Department of Ecology ORCID ID 0000-0002-5901-4365 e-mail: [email protected] VeronikaV. Vologzhanina, Postgraduate student of the Department of Ecology e-mail: [email protected] Viktoriia V. Kovalska, Student of the Department of Ecology ORCID ID 0000-0002-5489-7787 e-mail: [email protected] National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine THE EIA GAP ANALYSIS FOR THE PROJECT OF DREDGING WORKS AT THE SOUTHERN BUG RIVER Abstract. The transformation of the Southern Bug river ecosystem for the revival of navigation activity has been considered in the paper from the point of indirect impacts on the environment. The method of gap analysis widely used in various branches of science has been applied to determine the omitted issues of the dredging works at the river basin. The analysis has showed that despite a range of important benefits, including promotion of agricultural and constructional materials production development, reduction of on-land cargo traffic and growing incomes to the local budget, the implementation of the project will cause additional negative effects, not considered in the official process of environmental impacts assessment. The most important problems, requiring further attention and mitigation, are intensification of erosive processes, changes of air and water quality, transformation of river biocenosis and climate of the area, as well as management of extracted bottom sediments. Keywords: biocenosis; environmental impacts assessment; gap analysis; dredging works; waste management; ecosystem transformation Introduction The multipurpose use of the river forms high technogenic pressure on their ecosystem and coastal area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annals of UVAN, Vol. IV-V, Summer-Fall
    EDITORIAL COMMITTEE DM ITRY ČIŽEVSKY Haward University OLEKSANDER GRANOVSKY University of Minnesota ROMAN SMAL STOCKI Marquette University VOLODYMYR P. TIMOSHENKO Stanford University EDITOR MICHAEL VETUKHIV Columbia University TECHNICAL EDITOR HENRY M. NEBEL, J r. The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. are published quarterly by the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., Inc. A Special issue will take place of 2 issues. All correspondence, orders, and remittances should be sent to The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. 11 У- West 26th Street, New York 10, N. Y. PRICE OF THIS ISSUE: $5.00 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: J6.00 A special rate is offered to libraries and graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of Slavic studies. Copyright 1955, by the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., Inc. THE ANNALS of the UKRAINIAN ACADEMY of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. Vol. IV-V Sum m er-Fall, 1955 No. 4 (14)-1 (15) Special Issue THE SETTLEMENT OF THE SOUTHERN UKRAINE (1750-1775) N. D. Polons’ka -Vasylenko Published by THE UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN T H E U.S., Inc. New York 1955 THE ANNALS OF THE UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE U. S., INC. S p e c i a l I s s u e CONTENTS page Introduction .................................................................................. 1 P a r t O n e COLONIZATION OF NOVA SERBIYA AND SLAVYAN OSERBIYA I. The Return of the Zaporozhians to their “Free Lands” .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kamyane-Zavallia, the Easternmost Linear Pottery Culture Settlement Ever Excavated
    Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2017, 69, s. 253-269 SPRAWOZDANIA ARCHEOLOGICZNE 69, 2017 PL ISSN 0081-3834 DOI: 10.23858/SA69.2017.010 Dmytro Kiosak* KAMYANE-ZAVALLIA, THE EASTERNMOST LINEAR POTTERY CULTURE SETTLEMENT EVER EXCAVATED ABSTRACT Kiosak D. 2017. Kamyane-Zavallia, the Easternmost Linear Pottery Culture Settlement Ever Excavated. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 69, 253-269. The paper presents recent fi eld-work in south-western Ukraine. Three new sites of Linear Pottery Culture were found in the north Odessa region. The Author argues that they constitute a cluster of settlements and indi- cate the Neolithic colonisation of the region. One of the sites, Kamyane-Zavallia, was excavated. A typical long pit was uncovered, alongside a stone pavement and a narrow, deep trench. They could probably have formed part of a typical LPC house’s layout. Ceramic imports of the Dudeşti culture revealed long-distance contacts with the farmers of Lower Danube valley. Keywords: Neolithic, Linear Pottery Culture, agricultural colonisation, long pits, ceramic imports, Dudeşti culture Received: 24.05.2017; Revised: 21.06.2017; Accepted: 03.07.2017 INTRODUCTION The way Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) expanded and affected vast portions of West, Central and East Europe has been actively debated over the last 30 years (Bogucki 1988, 117; Price et al. 2001; Dolukhanov and Shukurov 2004; Dolukhanov et al. 2005). How- ever, the reasons why its spread stopped at a certain point are still diffi cult to understand. * ”I.I. Mechnikov” Odessa National University, Dvorianska 2, 65082, Odessa, Ukraine; [email protected] 10_15_Kiosak.indd 253 2017-09-05 11:51:50 254 Dmytro Kiosak The scope of this paper is to defi ne and discuss the easternmost distribution of LPC ac- cording to new evidence recorded from recent surveys and excavations.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands
    Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands Kyiv–2003 Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands: Revised and updated. — Kyiv: Wetlands International, 2003. — 235 pp., 81 maps. — ISBN 90 5882 9618 Published by the Black Sea Program of Wetlands International PO Box 82, Kiev-32, 01032, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Editor: Gennadiy Marushevsky Editing of English text: Rosie Ounsted Lay-out: Victor Melnychuk Photos on cover: Valeriy Siokhin, Vasiliy Kostyushin The presentation of material in this report and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expres- sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Wetlands International concerning the legal status of any coun- try, area or territory, or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or frontiers. The publication is supported by Wetlands International through a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries of the Netherlands and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands (MATRA Fund/Programme International Nature Management) ISBN 90 5882 9618 Copyright © 2003 Wetlands International, Kyiv, Ukraine All rights reserved CONTENTS CONTENTS3 6 7 13 14 15 16 22 22 24 26 28 30 32 35 37 40 43 45 46 54 54 56 58 58 59 61 62 64 64 66 67 68 70 71 76 80 80 82 84 85 86 86 86 89 90 90 91 91 93 Contents 3 94 99 99 100 101 103 104 106 107 109 111 113 114 119 119 126 130 132 135 139 142 148 149 152 153 155 157 157 158 160 162 164 164 165 170 170 172 173 175 177 179 180 182 184 186 188 191 193 196 198 199 201 202 4 Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands 203 204 207 208 209 210 212 214 214 216 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 230 232 233 Contents 5 EDITORIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Directory is based on the national reports prepared for the Wetlands International project ‘The Importance of Black Sea Coastal Wetlands in Particular for Migratory Waterbirds’, sponsored by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • BALTIC-PONTIC STUDIES Vol
    UKRAINIAN FORTRESSES B-PS A STUDY OF A STRONGHOLDS SYSTEM FROM THE EARLY IRON AGE IN PODOLIA 21 • 2016 Yuryi V. Boltryk Marcin Ignaczak Oksana Lifantii Marcin Ławniczak Łukasz Olędzki Oleksandr Shelekhan - O TIC P NT IES BAL IC STUD ISSN 1231-0344 VOLUME 21 • 2016 BALTIC-PONTIC STUDIES Vol. 1: Weapons of the Tribes of the Northern Pontic Zone in the 16th–10th Centuries BC., 61-614 Poznań (Poland) by Viktor I. Klochko. Umultowska 89 d Vol. 2: Nomadism and Pastoralism in the Circle of Baltic–Pontic Early Agrarian Cultures: Tel. 618291418 5000–1650 BC, edited by Aleksander Kośko. E-mail: [email protected] Vol. 3: Cemeteries of the Sofievka type: 2950–2750 BC, edited by Aleksander Kośko. Vol. 4: Eastern Exodus of the Globular Amphora People: 2950–2350 BC, edited by Alek- sander Kośko. Vol. 5: Beyond Balkanization, edited by Lucyna Domańska, Ken Jacobs. Vol. 6: The Trzciniec Area of the Early Bronze Age Civilization: 1950–1200 BC, edited by EDITOR Aleksander Kośko. Aleksander Kośko Vol. 7: The Foundations of Radiocarbon Chronology of Cultures Between the Vistula and Dnieper: 3150–1850 BC, edited by Aleksander Kośko. CO-EDITOR Vol. 8: Between West And East People of The Globular Amphora Culture in Eastern Eu- Marzena Szmyt rope: 2950–2350 BC, by Marzena Szmyt. Vol. 9: The Western Border Area of the Tripolye Culture, edited by Aleksander Kośko. EDITORS OF VOLUME Vol. 10: Weaponry of Societes of the Northern Pontic Culture Circle: 5000–700 BC, by Yuryi V. Boltryk Viktor I. Klochko. Marcin Ignaczak Vol. 11: Fluted Maces in the System of Long-Distance Exchange Trails of the Bronze Age: 2350–800 BC, edited by Aleksander Kośko.
    [Show full text]
  • Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500-1700
    Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700 In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Muscovy waged a costly struggle against the Crimean Khanate, the Ottoman Empire, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for control of the fertile steppe above the Black Sea. This was a region of great strategic and economic importance – arguably the pivot of Eurasia at the time. Yet, this crucial period in Russia’s history has, up until now, been neglected by historians. Brian L. Davies’s study provides an essential insight into the emergence of Russia as a great power. The long campaign took a great toll upon Russia’s population, economy, and institutions, and repeatedly frustrated or redefi ned Russian military and diplo- matic projects in the West. The struggle was every bit as important as Russia’s wars in northern and central Europe for driving the Russian state-building process, forcing military reform and shaping Russia’s visions of Empire. Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700 examines the course of this struggle and explains how Russia’s ultimate prevalence resulted from new strategies of military colonization in addition to improvements in army command-and-control, logistics, and tactics. Brian L. Davies is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at San Antonio. His publications include State Power and Community in Early Modern Russia: The Case of Kozlov, 1635–1649 (2004). Warfare and History General Editor Jeremy Black Professor of History, University of Exeter Air Power in the Age of Total War Modern Chinese Warfare, Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500– John Buckley 1795–1989 1800: Maritime Confl icts and the Bruce A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Ethnicity in Southern Bessarabia: Tracing the Histories Of
    The Making of Ethnicity in Southern Bessarabia: Tracing the histories of an ambiguous concept in a contested land Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt der Philosophischen Fakultät I Sozialwissenschaften und historische Kulturwissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von Herrn Simon Schlegel geb. am 23. April 1983 in Rorschach (Schweiz) Datum der Verteidigung 26. Mai 2016 Gutachter: PD Dr. phil. habil. Dittmar Schorkowitz, Dr. Deema Kaneff, Prof. Dr. Gabriela Lehmann-Carli Contents Deutsche Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Questions and hypotheses ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. History and anthropology, some methodological implications ................................................. 6 1.3. Locating the field site and choosing a name for it ........................................................................ 11 1.4. A brief historical outline .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.5. Ethnicity, natsional’nost’, and nationality: definitions and translations ............................
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits: Resurgent Strategic Importance in the 21St Century
    The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits: Resurgent Strategic Importance in the 21st Century THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew M. Hascher Graduate Program in Slavic and East European Studies The Ohio State University 2019 Master’s Examination Committee Angela Brintlinger, PhD, Advisor Yana Hashamova, PhD Rudy Hightower, PhD Copyrighted by Andrew M. Hascher 2019 Abstract The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits have played an important geopolitical role in the world since the time of antiquity, despite the Black Sea being a geographically closed body of water. The objective of this paper is to articulate the importance of the Black Sea region as a source of geopolitical power, both historically and moving into the future. Of particular importance are the power dynamics between the Russian Federation, Turkey and the West. This paper reviews the history of the region and the major treaties over time which attempted to answer the “Straits Question” of access to and from the Black Sea via the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits. Then analysis of the current geopolitical situation and a projection for the future of the region is offered based on the research. Analysis of the history and diplomacy of the area shows that the major actors continue to place a great deal of strategic importance on their territorial claims, military position and economic standing in the Black Sea region. The evidence shows that the Russians place an enormous level of importance on the Black Sea as it holds their only viable warm water ports.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview Print Page Close Window
    World Directory of Minorities Europe MRG Directory –> Moldova –> Moldova Overview Print Page Close Window Moldova Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment The Republic of Moldova, formerly the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, is situated between Ukraine to the north, east and south, and Romania to the west. Since independence in 1991 the country has faced a secessionist challenge in its eastern region, Transnistria (also known as Transdniestria or the ‘Predniestrovian Moldovan Republic'), lying on the eastern side of the Dniester river. Peoples Main languages: Moldovan/Romanian, Russian. Main religions: Eastern Orthodox Christianity. According to the 2004 census, main minority groups include Ukrainians (8.4%), Russians (5.9%), Gagauz (4.4%), Romanians (2.2%) and Bulgarians (1.9%). History At the heart of contemporary minority problems are the different relationships that developed between Moldova's ethnic groups under the various empires that have controlled the region - the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The legacy of external control for Moldova is a society arranged around a complex series of loosely interconnected socioeconomic, political and ethno- territorial subsystems often organized on the basis of divergent sets of interests. Of central importance is the different imperial history experienced by the peoples living in the Moldovan territories east of the Dniester river and those to the west. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the left bank of the Dniester river had enjoyed almost uninterrupted links to Moscow for nearly 200 years and the region had only intermittently experienced Romanian rule. In 1791 (Treaty of Jassy), the eastern lands were absorbed into the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]