of Israel ies Ha or gg t a S d e a h h T

T h ia e p Je o w hi ish Et Exodus from of Israel ies Ha or gg t a S d e a h h T

T h ia e p Je o w hi ish Et Exodus from

Copyright © 2021 by Joshua Weisberg. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form, without written permission. Commentary by Joshua Weisberg, border art by Hallel Weisberg and illustrations by Tadeleh Shmuel. Contact [email protected] in order to order a copy of this Haggadah, or to submit questions or comments about the content of the Stories of Israel Haggadah. --- - 1 - took place in ancient Egypt or in modern My task, as the Haggadah suggests, was Stories of Israel Haggadah - day Ethiopia. “In every generation we to open texts and their commentaries must see ourselves as if we left Egypt.” and to encourage my children to take Introduction Ultimately, this is our story and tonight ownership of their Jewish identity - to we and our children have roles to play. ask their excellent questions from the Over the past forty years, no Jewish narrative. “When you arrive in the land,” The Haggadah mentions four children, inside and not from the outside. community has experienced its own predicts the Book of Deuteronomy, the wicked, the wise, the simple, the one The Haggadah’s phrase “set his teeth on Exodus quite as dramatically or as “your child will ask you questions.” It is who does not yet know how to ask. The edge,” in the context to the wicked child, completely as the Beta Israel, the clear from the context that the child is wicked child behaves as if she is on the refers to a verse from Jeremiah and community of Ethiopian Jews. For not just asking for information. Children outside, testing her parents’ narrative, Ezekiel that promises that no longer will three millennia, the Beta Israel lived need more than knowledge; they need unsure what of their story she will “parents eat unripe grapes and set their apart from the rest of the Jewish their parents to tell a story about why adopt. “What do these laws mean to children’s teeth on edge.” Anyone who people and never stopped dreaming we are here, what is important to us, you?” The wise child, too, remains on the has ever eaten an unripe grape knows of a return. Every autumn, according why we are Jewish, and why it is all periphery of her parents’ experience, but exactly what it does to your teeth, and to Ethiopian folk tradition, Jewish worth the sacrifice. Already 1900 years her independence awakens curiosity, not the prophets promise that from now on families would gather outside and call ago, Ben Zoma, one of the rabbis of the rebellion. The simple child wonders what each generation is responsible for its own out to the migrating storks overhead, Mishna, understood that Deuteronomy’s this is all about, and the child who does destiny; when your teeth are set on edge “stork, stork, how is our beloved prediction applies to Jewish children not know what to ask is just taking it all in. it is your job to examine the grapes you Jerusalem?” everywhere. In every generation we ask Most of us, at different times in our lives, have been eating. The age of wisdom, The story of the aliya, or immigration “why.” identify with each of the four children. in my experience, begins only after to Israel, of Ethiopian Jewry, like the The Stories of Israel Haggadah that you I have observed my own children over rebellion, when a child has left home and story of the Exodus 3500 years before, are holding focuses on the experience of the years as they experiment with the returned with a new kind of question. is full of miracles, unexpected heroes, Ethiopian Jewry. Through the story of Haggadah’s roles. When our kids were This Stories of Israel Haggadah is bitterness and redemption. And just as the Beta Israel, we will gain some insight young, our seder was primarily a tactile our attempt to help with the task of the challenges for ancient Israel only into what the journey from captivity to experience; there was matzah to eat, bringing the story of the Exodus to really began once the twelve tribes freedom can be like and what it means to wine to spill and an afikomen to hide. life. The brief and powerful account of entered their Promised Land, so too, dream of freedom and then to deal with When the children grew a little older, we Ethiopian Jewry, the commentary on today, Ethiopian Jewry is engaged in a redemption’s challenges once we reach devised games to stimulate questions. We themes of the text, and the suggested daily struggle for dignity, success and our Promised Land. dressed up as ancient desert travelers, questions are all but tools for you a vibrant cultural identity. The older The Haggadah functions like the script acted out each of the plagues, rewarded to make the story of the Exodus generation of Ethiopian Jews has a of a play. Alongside the text, it preserves questions with chocolate chips and meaningful for all of us: wise, wicked, tremendous story to tell, and their stage instructions that bring the words recited the Haggadah reclining on and simple. Enjoy! children have a lot of questions that to life; “youngest child asks question here,” cushions on the floor. Chag Sameach! need answering. “five wise men enter stage left,” and “eat When our kids reached teenage The Passover Haggadah is based on the horseradish and discuss bitterness.” But, years, they made sure I noticed their Joshua Weisberg and the Stories of assumption that in every generation like any great script, the Haggadah skepticism. “Oh, so you really think Israel team. and in every community, whether in needs a great actor. That actor is you. God split the sea?” “So, if God saves the ערב פסח תשפ”א. ”?Jerusalem, Amsterdam, New York or It is not enough on Passover night to Jews, where was God in the Holocaust LA, children challenge their parents’ be an observer of events -whether they “What does all this mean to you?” Jerusalem, 2021, - 2 - - 3 - The Order of the Seder: Kadesh urchatz

1 . דֵקַ ׁש Kadesh .1 2 . ּו רְ חַ ץ Urchatz .2 3 . ַ כ רְ פַ ס Karpas .3 4 . יחץ Yachatz .4 5 . מגיד Magid .5 6 . רָ חְ ָ צ ה Rachtza .6 7 . מֹוצִ יא, מַ צָ ה Motzi, Matza .7 8 . מָ רֹור Maror .8 9. ּכֹורֵ ְך Korech .9 10. ֻ לְחָ ש ןעֹורֵ ְך Shulchan Orech .10 11 .צָ פּון Tzafun .11 12 . רֵבָ ְך Barech .12 13 .הלל Hallel .13 14 .נרצה Nirtza .14

- 4 - - 5 - ַ ֵ ּד קׁש Kadesh ּבְׁשַּבָת מַתְחִ ילִ ין כאן: יִׂשְרָאֵ לוְהַ ּזְמַ ּנִים. Pour the first cup of wine and cover peoples. In Your gracious love, You the matsot. granted us Your [On Friday night וַיְהִי עֶרֶ בוַיְהִ י בֹקֶר יֹוםהַּׁשִּׁשִ י. וַיְכֻ ּלּו ּבמוצאי שבת מוסיפים: add: holy Sabbath, and] special times הַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ץוְהָאָרֶ וְכָ ל־צְבָאָ ם. וַיְכַל אֱֹלהִ ים ָרּוְך באַּתָה ה', אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, .When Passover falls on a Friday for happiness and joy night, begin here: And there was Blessed are You, O Lord, who sanctifies ַּיֹום בהַּׁשְבִ יעִימְ לַאכְּתֹואֲׁשֶ ר העָׂשָ וַּיִ ׁשְ ֹבת בֹורֵ א ימְאֹורֵ הָאֵ ׁש. בָרּוְך אַּתָ ה ה', [,evening and there was morning, the [On Friday night add: the Sabbath sixth day. And the heaven and the Israel, and the appointed times. בַּיֹום הַּׁשְבִ יעִ י מִ ָלמְ כלַאכְּתֹו ראֲׁשֶ עָׂשָ ה. אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם הַ ּמַבְדִ יל ֵ בין קֹדֶ ׁש .earth were finished, and all their host וַיְבָרְֵך אֱֹלהִים אֶת יֹום הַּׁשְבִ יעִי וַיְקַּדֵ ׁש לְ חֹל, בֵיןאֹור לְחׁשֶ ְך, ֵ יןב ליִׂשְרָאֵ לָעַּמִ ים, And on the seventh day God finished When Passover falls on a Saturday His work which He had done; and He night, add the following two אֹותֹו ִי כבֹו ׁשָבַ ת מִ ָל־מְכ לַאכְּתֹו אֲׁשֶ ר ֵין יֹוםב הַּׁשְבִ יעִי לְׁשֵׁשֶ ת יְמֵיהַּמַעֲׂשֶ ה. ֵ בין rested on the seventh day from all His paragraphs: Blessed are You, Lord ָרָא באֱֹלהִ ים לַעֲ ׂשֹות. קְדֻּׁשַ ת ׁשַ ָת בלִקְדֻּׁשַ תיֹום טֹוב הִבְּדַ לְּתָ , work which He had done. And God our God, King of the universe, who blessed the seventh day, and sanctified creates the light of the fire. Blessed בחול מתחילין כאן: וְאֶ ת־יֹום הַּׁשְבִ יעִימִּׁשֵׁשֶ ת יְמֵיהַּמַעֲׂשֶ ה it; because He rested on it from all of are You, Lord our God, King of the סַבְרִ י מָרָ נָן וְ רַ ָ בנָן וְ רַ בֹותַ י. בָרּוְך אַּתָ ה ה', קִּדַׁשְּתָ. הִבְּדַ לְּתָ וְקִּדַׁשְּתָאֶ ת־עַּמְ ָך יִׂשְרָאֵ ל His work which God created in doing universe, who distinguishes between (Genesis 1:31-2:3). the holy and the profane, between אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם בֹורֵ א פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. דֻ בִקְ ּׁשָ תֶ ָך . light and darkness, between Israel and ָרּוְך באַּתָה ה',אֱלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָם אֲׁשֶ ר בָרּוְך אַּתָה ה', הַּמַבְדִ יל ֵ יןב קֹדֶ ׁש לְ קֹדֶ ׁש. On all other nights, begin here (on the nations, between the seventh day Friday night include the words in and the six working days. You have בָחַ ר ָבנּו מִ ָ כל־עָם וְרֹומְמָ נּו מִ כָל־לָ ׁשֹון brackets): Blessed are You, Lord our distinguished between the holiness of וְקִּדְׁשָ נּו ְמִ בצְֹותָ יו.וַּתִּתֶ ןלָנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו ָרּוְך באַּתָה ה', אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, God, King of the universe, who creates the Sabbath and the holiness of the the fruit of the vine. Festival, and You have sanctified the ְ באַ הֲ בָ ה ) לשבת:ׁשַ בָתֹות הלִמְנּוחָ ּו( ׁשֶהֶחֱ יָנּו וְקִ ּיְמָ נּו וְ הִ ִ גיעָנּו לַּזְמַ ן הַ ֶּזה. .Blessed are You, Lord our God, King seventh day above the six working days מֹועֲדִ ים לְׂשִמְחָ ה, חַ ִים גּוזְמַ ּנִים לְׂשָ שֹון, of the universe, who has chosen us You have distinguished and sanctified )לשבת: אֶ ת יֹום הַ ַּׁש ָת בהַ ּזֶה וְ( תאֶ יֹום .from all peoples and has raised us Your people Israel with Your holiness above all tongues and has sanctified Blessed are You, O Lord, who חַג הַ ּמַ צֹות הַ ּזֶה זְמַןחֵרּותֵ נּו, us with His commandments. And You distinguishes between the holy and the have given us, Lord our God, [On holy. )לשבת: בְאַהֲבָה( אמִקְרָ קֹדֶ ׁש זֵכֶ ר ,[Friday night add: Sabbaths for rest לִ יצִיאַת מִ צְרָ יִם. ִי כ בָנּובָחַרְּתָ וְאֹותָ נּו appointed times for happiness, holidays On all nights, continue here: Blessed and special times for joy, [On Friday are You, Lord our God, King of the קִּדַׁשְּתָ מִ ָלכ הָעַּמִ ים, )לשבת: וְ ׁשַ ָ בת( night add: this Sabbath day, and] this universe, who has granted us life and ּומֹועֲדֵיקָדְׁשֶ ָך )לשבת: בְאַהֲבָ הּובְרָ צֹון( Festival of Matsot, our time of freedom sustenance and brought us to this [On Friday night add: in love], a special time. ְׂשִמְחָ ב הּובְׂשָשֹון הִ נְחַ לְּתָ נּו. holy gathering and remembrance of ָרּוְךב אַּתָהה', מְקַּדֵ ׁש )לשבת: הַ ׁשַ בָת וְ ( .the Exodus from Egypt. For You have Drink while reclining to the left chosen us and sanctified us above all - 6 - - 7 - ּו רְ חַ ץ - Urchatz Wash your hands without reciting the blessing “on the washing of the hands.”

ַ כ רְ פַ ס - Karpas Dip the Karpas (parsley, potato or other vegetable) in the salt water and say the blessing “who creates the fruit of the earth.” Keep in mind that this blessing will also be for the bitter herbs we eat later during the seder. Eat without reclining. בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, בֹורֵ א פְרִ י הָאֲדָמָ ה. Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the earth.

ַ י חַ ץ - Yachatz Split the middle matzah in two, and conceal the larger piece for use later as the afikoman.

- 8 - - 9 - Ha Lachma Finding ourselves in an Exodus from Ethiopia old story Unit 1: Origins We are about to begin the maggid section According to the traditions of the Beta הָ א לַחְמָא עַ נְיָא ִיּד אֲ כָלּו אַבְהָתָ נָא This is the bread of affliction that our ancestors ate in the land of of the Haggadah - the part in which we Israel, Ethiopian Jewry descends from the tell the story of the Exodus. The maggid ancient tribes of Judah and Levi. A ninth בְאַרְ עָא דְמִ צְרָ יִם. כָל דִ כְפִ ין יֵיתֵ י ,Egypt. Anyone hungry or in need section opens with three statements: century merchant and Hebrew linguist וְיֵיכֹל, כָל דִ צְרִ יְך יֵיתֵ י וְיִפְסַ ח. הָ ַּׁש ָ ּתא come join us for Passover. Today The first places us within a context. We named Eldad the Danite claimed to be a הָכָ א, לְ ָ ׁשנָה הַבָאָה בְאַרְ עָא דְ יִׂשְרָאֵ ל. we are here; next year we will be in the land of Israel. This year we are come from somewhere. We have family. citizen of an independent Jewish state in ,We have ancestors. We are a part of a East Africa. The tribe of Dan, he wrote הָ ַּׁשּתָא עַבְדֵ י, לְ ָ ׁשנָה הַבָאָה בְ נֵי חֹורִ ין. .slaves; next year we will be free people with a shared historical memory emigrated to Africa in the 9th century BCE, and a common cultural language. following the death of King Solomon. The second reminds that whatever our circumstances, we have something to share with others. It might be food for the hungry, it might be company for the lonely and it might be a Jewish experience for someone who cannot do the Passover Seder themselves. The third acknowledges that the Bible’s story of slavery and freedom is still relevant to us. Each of us, in our own way, remains captive to something - to habits, prejudices or ideologies- and we all yearn for freedom.

Questions for discussion: Did you know that? • Question for children: Is there something Ethiopian Jews refer to your family shares with others? their community as “Beta • Question for adults: Are you captive to Israel,” meaning the House something from which you hope to free of Israel. yourself this coming year?

- 10 - - 11 - Four Questions Questions Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 2: Menelik I never teach,” Albert Einstein once said, “I“ מַ ה ִּנ ְׁש ַּת ָּנה הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ּזֶה מִכָ ל הַ ֵ ּלילֹות? .Pour the second cup of wine Traditionally, the youngest only attempt to provide the conditions in which Non-Jewish Ethiopians also maintain a my students can learn.” deep connection with the story of King ׁשֶבְכָ ל הַ ֵילֹותּל אָ נּו אֹוכְלִין חָמֵץ ּומַ צָ ה, participant at the table recites On Passover eve, Jewish tradition teaches us Solomon. According to Christian Ethiopian הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ֶ ּזה – כֻּלֹו מַ צָ ה. .the four questions to provide the conditions in which children legend, Solomon and the Queen of Sheba ׁשֶבְכָ ל הַ ּלֵילֹות אָ נּו אֹוכְלִ ין ׁשְאָ ר יְרָ קֹות What makes this night different will be comfortable asking their questions. had a son named Menelik whom the queen The Haggadah itself is based on unusual – הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ֶהּז מָ רֹור. ?from all other nights 1. On all other nights we eat raised as a Jew. The Ethiopian Orthodox customs that encourage curiosity - eating Church believes that Menelik acquired the ׁשֶבְכָ ל הַ ּלֵילֹות אֵין אָנּו מַטְבִילִין אֲפִ ילּו leavened bread (hametz) and unusual foods, dipping food, and reclining. matzah; why tonight do we eat only Ark of the Covenant from Solomon and that .You might have your own creative ideas for it is in Ethiopia to this day פַעַם אֶחָ ת – הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ֶ ּזה ְׁשּתֵי פְעָמִ ים. matzah? encouraging questions at the table tonight. ׁשֶבְכָ ל הַ ֵילֹותּל אָ נּו אֹוכְלִין בֵ ין יֹוׁשְבִ ין On all other nights we eat .2 ּובֵין מְסֻבִ ין – הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ֶּזה כֻ ּלָנּו מְסֻבִ ין. different vegetables; why tonight do we eat maror? 3. On all other nights we don’t dip our food; why tonight do we dip twice? Questions for discussion: 4. On all other nights we eat either • Question for children: Did you ever sitting or reclining; why tonight do we recline? ask your parents a question and get a surprising answer? • Question for adults: Are there questions you would like or would have liked to ask your parents about their childhood? Did you know that? Although Ethiopian Jews speak Amharic, the holy language for Ethiopian Jewish texts is called Ge’ez.

- 12 - - 13 - We Were Slaves in Egypt Memory Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 3: Ethiopian Jewish Law When John Churchill, eventually the first עֲבָדִ ים הָ יִינּו לְפַרְ עֹה בְמִ צְרָ יִם, וַ ּיֹוצִיאֵ נּו Uncover the matzah Duke of Marlborough, became a peer in We were slaves to Pharaoh in the For centuries, Ethiopian Jews practiced .another lord asked Churchill, with a their own unique version of Jewish law ,1682 ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו מִ ָ םּׁש בְ יָד חֲ הזָקָ ּובִ זְרֹעַ land of Egypt. And God took us out sneer, “Whose descendant are you?” Churchill Traditional Ethiopian interpretation of the נְטּויָה. וְאִ ּלּו לֹא הֹוצִיא הַקָדֹוׁש בָ רּוְך from there with a strong hand and an responded, “I am not a descendant. I am an Torah is close to the literal meaning of the ancestor.” 250 years later, John Churchill’s הּוא אֶת אֲבֹותֵ ינּו מִ ִ ּמצְרָ יִם, יהֲרֵ אָ נּו outstretched arm. And if the Holy One had not taken our ancestors original text. Ethiopian Jewry was strict descendant and biographer, Sir Winston in its observance of the Torah’s laws and ּובָ נֵינּו ּובְ נֵי בָ נֵינּו מְ ֻ ׁשעְבָדִ ים הָ יִינּו from Egypt, we, our children, and Churchill, said, “A nation that forgets its past preferred loyalty to ancient traditions over לְפַרְ עֹה בְמִ צְרָ יִם. וַאֲפִ ילּו כֻ ּלָנּו חֲ כָמִ ים our children’s children would still has no future.” modern interpretation. The Haggadah reminds us that whether or כֻ ּלָנּו נְבֹונִים כֻ ּלָנּו זְקֵ נִים כֻ ּלָנּו יֹודְ עִ ים be enslaved. And even if we were all sages, all wise, all elders, and all not we are scholars, whether or not we have אֶת ההַּתֹורָ מִ צְוָה עָלֵינּו לְסַפֵר בִ יצִיאַ ת knowledgeable about the Torah, it children with us at the table and whether מִ צְרָ יִם. וְכָ ל הַ ּמַרְ בֶה לְסַפֵר בִ יצִיאַ ת would be a commandment upon us or not we have children at all, we are part of a people with a history. And the future מִ צְרַ יִם הֲרֵ י זֶה מְ ׁשֻבָ ח. to tell the story of the Exodus from Egypt. Anyone who spends extra time of that people depends on our ability to tell telling the story of the Exodus from our story to the next generation. Egypt is praiseworthy.

Questions for discussion: • Question for children: Has something ever happened to you, or have you ever done something that you want to remember forever? Did you know that? • Question for adults: Is there something In addition to the Five particularly significant about your Books of Moses, the relationship to Judaism that you would Ethiopian Torah includes like your children to remember? the books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth. Beta Israel call the Torah “Orit.”

- 14 - - 15 - Story of the Five Rabbis Wisdom Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 4: Independence The five scholars of the Haggadah spent מַ עֲ ֶ הׂש בְרַ בִי אֱ לִ יעֶ זֶר וְרַ יבִ יְהֹו ֻ ׁשעַ וְרַ בִ י Once, in the city of Bnei Brak, five rabbis stayed up all night telling the all night asking one another questions, During the Middle Ages, the Ethiopian discussing the Exodus and arguing the Jewish community became a feared military אֶ לְעָ זָר בֶ ן־עֲ זַרְ יָה וְרַ בִי עֲקִ יבָא וְרַ בִ י .story of the Exodus from Egypt finer points of Jewish law. The rabbis knew power and the Beta Israel established their טַרְ פֹון ׁשֶהָיּו מְסֻבִין בִבְ קנֵי־בְרַ וְהָ יּו ,Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Yehoshua Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah, Rabbi that the story of the Exodus has endless own Jewish autonomous region in Northern ,potential for meaning and that every Ethiopia. With a priest, Phineas, as king מְסַפְרִ יםבִ יצִיאַת מִ צְרַ יִם כָ ל־אֹותֹו Akiva and Rabbi Tarfon discussed the Beta Israel defended their land against .generation can, if it looks, find insight into hostile Christian armies הַ ּלַיְלָה, עַ ד ׁשֶבָאּו תַ לְמִידֵ םיהֶ וְאָמְ רּו the Exodus until their students came its own struggles and aspirations through During the 10th century, a Jewish woman לָהֶ ם רַ בֹותֵינּו הִ גִ יעַ זְמַן קְרִ יאַ ת ׁשְמַ ע and said to them, “The time of reciting the morning Shema has arrived.” this story. named Judith became queen of the Jewish Over history, many non-Jews have also kingdom. Judith led several triumphant ֶ ׁשל ׁשַחֲרִ ית. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said, “I am found tremendous meaning and inspiration military campaigns, killed a competing אָמַר רַ בִי אֶ לְעָ זָר בֶ ן־עֲ זַרְ יָה הֲרֵ י אֲ נִי כְבֶ ן as a man seventy years old and I did not in the story of the Exodus. In 1850, when Christian king’s male heirs and secured ׁשִבְעִ ים ָ ׁשנָה וְ לֹא זָכִיתִ י ֶׁשּתֵאָמֵ ר יְצִיאַ ת understand why the Exodus from Egypt should be said at night until Ben Zoma she began her work on the Underground several generations of Jewish rule. The Jewish army was so powerful that a מִ צְרַ יִם בַ ּלֵילֹות עַ ד ׁשֶּדְ רָ ָ ּהׁש בֶן זֹומָ א, explicated it, as it is stated (Deuteronomy Railroad, Harriet Tubman used the lyrics contemporary Christian emperor instructed ”.of the spiritual Go down Moses as a code his soldiers to fight “like Jews ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר, לְמַעַ ן ִּתזְ ֹר כאֶ תיֹום צֵאתְ ָך In order that you remember the‘ ,(16:3 day of your going out from the land of for fugitive slaves: “Go down Moses, way down in Egypt land, tell all pharaohs to let my מֵאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרַ יִם כֹל יְמֵ י חַ ּיֶיָך. יְמֵ י חַ ֶּייָך Egypt all the days of your life;’ ‘the days ”!people go הַ ּיָמִ ים. כֹל יְמֵ י חַ ֶּייָך הַ ּלֵילֹות. וַחֲ כָמִ ים of your life’ refers to days, ‘all the days of אֹומְרִ ים יְמֵ י חַ ּיֶיָך הָ עֹולָ ם הַ ֶ ּזה. כֹל יְמֵ י your life’ refers to nights.” But the Sages disagree with Rabbi Elazar and say, חַ ּיֶיָך לְהָבִיא לִ ימֹות הַ ָּמׁשִיחַ : ,the days of your life’ refer to this world’“ ‘all the days of your life’ refers to the Questions for discussion: Messianic era.” • Question for children: Is there something, such as a book you are reading or a podcast Did you know that? you are listening to, you find so interesting that you could learn about it all night? In preparation for Passover, many Ethiopian Jews break • Question for adults: To whom do you turn when you need wisdom? What about that their dishes and make person makes them wise in your eyes? new ones to celebrate the nation’s renewal.

- 16 - - 17 - Four Children The Wicked and the Wise Exodus from Ethiopia Both the wise and the wicked child refer Unit 5: Persecution בָ רּוְך הַ ָקֹום, ּמ בָרּוְךהּוא, בָ רּוְך ֶׁשּנ ָתַןּתֹורָ ה The Torah speaks of four types of to their parents’ experience as distinct לְעַ ּמֹו יִ ְרָ ׂשאֵ ל,בָרּוְך הּוא. כְ נֶגֶד אַרְ בָעָ ה children: the wise, the wicked, the simple, and the child who does not from their own: “What are the laws that God Following the collapse of Jewish autonomy, commanded you?” “What is this worship to Christian Ethiopians subjected the Beta בָ נִים ּדִבְרָה תֹורָ ה: אֶחָד חָ כָם, וְאֶחָ ד רָ ָ ׁשע, know how to ask. Israel to persecution and intense religious you?” They hover at the outer rim of their וְאֶחָ ד ָ ּתם, וְאֶחָ ד ׁשֶאֵינֹו יֹודֵ עַ לִ ְ ׁשאֹול. ?What does the wise child ask parents’ experience, still at the table but discrimination. Ethiopian non-Jews called Jews “Falasha,” which means ‘wanderer’ or חָ כָם מָה הּוא אֹומֵר? מָה הָעֵדֹות וְהַחֻקִ ים What are the statutes and the laws“ that God commanded you?” And you unsure of where they belong and what of their parents’ worldview they will ‘landless person’. Many Ethiopian Christians וְ הַ ִּמ ְ ׁשפָטִ ים אֲ ֶׁשר צִ ָה ּוה' אֱֹלהֵינּו אֶתְ כֶ ם. adopt as their own. For many children, believed in a whole set of false prejudices וְאַ ף אַ ָה אֱּת מֹור לֹו כְהִ לְכֹות הַפֶסַח: אֵ ין should respond by teaching the laws that separation is a necessary and healthy about Jews - that they would turn into מַפְטִירִ ין אַחַר הַפֶסַח אֲפִ יקֹומָ ן: of the Passover sacrifice, “We may not eat the afikomen after we finish process. As Mark Twain once quipped, hyenas at night, possess young women, eat רָ ָע ׁשמָה הּוא אֹומֵר? מָההָעֲבֹודָה הַ ּזאֹת eating the Passover sacrifice.” “When I was a boy of fifteen, my father was corpses or transform them to animals, and so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old change people into donkeys. Jews were also לָכֶם.לָכֶם – וְ לֹא לֹו. ּולְפִ י ֶ ׁשהֹוצִיא אֶ ת ?What does the wicked child ask .man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I blamed for natural disasters and illness עַצְמֹו מִן הַכְלָל כָפַר בְעִקָ ר. וְאַ ף אַ ָ ּתה What is this worship to you?” “To you“ was astonished at how much he had learned in הַקְהֵה אֶ ת ִׁש ָיו ּנוֶאֱמֹור לֹו: "בַעֲ בּור זֶה עָ ָ ׂשה ”.and not to him ”.six years ה' לִי בְצֵאתִ י מִ ִצְרָ ּמ יִם".לִי וְ לֹא־לֹו. אִ ּלּו Because the wicked child excludes himself from the collective That process of challenging and questioning can last years and sometimes it takes הָ יָה ָ ׁשם, לֹא הָ יָה נִגְאָ ל: experience of the people, he denies a principle of Jewish faith. And you a lifetime before we know whether, in should set his teeth on edge and say, retrospect, a question was wicked or wise. “For the sake of this did God take me out of Egypt.” “Me” and not “him.” Had he been there, he would not Did you know that? have been saved. Questions for discussion: Ethiopian matzah is baked • Question for children: Who, in your life, do over an open fire and you think is wise? What makes them wise? has a pita-like texture. • Question for adults: Have you ever been a Community leaders count wicked child? When you think back to your the baking time aloud and youth, which of the four children would you warn the bakers when to have most identified with? stop. This matzah can be up to two feet in diameter! - 18 - - 19 - Four Children The Simple Child and the Exodus from Ethiopia Child Who Does Not Know Unit 6: Abba Zaga How to Ask In 1848, a Jewish Ethiopian priest תָ ם מָה הּוא אֹומֵר? המַ ּזאֹת? וְאָמַ רְ ָ ּת ?What does the simple child say “What is this?” And you should say, “The only truly serious questions are ones that even named Abba Zaga sent a letter to the a child can formulate. Only the naivest of questions rabbis of Jerusalem asking whether the אֵ לָיו"בְ חֹוזֶק יָד הֹוצִיאָ נּו ה' מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם With the strength of God’s hand did“ are truly serious.” - Milan Kundera time has arrived for Ethiopian Jews מִבֵית עֲבָדִ ים". וְשֶאֵינֹו יֹודֵ עַלִשְ אֹול the Lord take us out from Egypt, from “return to our holy city of Jerusalem?” Jewish tradition is ambivalent about the to He wrote of the suffering of Ethiopian – אַ ְ ּת חפְתַ לֹו, ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר, וְהִ גַדְ ָ ּתלְבִ נְָך ”the house of slavery simple son. On the one hand, the Talmud בַּיֹום הַ הּוא לֵ אמֹר, בַעֲ בּור זֶה עָ ָׂשה ה' Regarding the child who doesn’t values Torah study, knowledge and wisdom Jewry and of the hope to return to know to ask, open the conversation. “People have risen in our country .above almost all else, and calling someone an Israel לִי בְצֵאתִ י מִ ִ ּמצְרָ יִם. As it is written (Exodus 13:8), “And who say it is time to return to Jerusalem. .am haaretz, an “ignoramus,” is a terrible insult יָכֹול מֵ ראׁש חֹדֶ ׁש? ַ ּת לְמּודלֹומַר בַ ּיֹום you will speak to your child on that day They command us to separate ourselves At the same time, Jewish thinkers over the from the Christians, to immigrate, to join הַהּוא. אִי בַּיֹוםהַ הּוא יָכֹול מִבְ עֹוד saying, ‘For the sake of this, did the generations have admired those who know ,our brethren, and to offer sacrifices to God יֹום? ַ ּתלְמּוד לֹומַרבַעֲ בּור זֶה – בַעֲ בּור Lord do this for me in my going out that they do not know. Rebbe Nachman of the God of Israel, in the Holy Land.” Breslav, one of Judaism’s most sophisticated זֶה לֹא אָמַ רְ ִ ּתי, אֶ ָּלא בְ ָ ׁשעָ ה ֶׁשּיֵׁש מַ צָ ה ”’.of Egypt thinkers, taught that the greatest of the four ּומָ רֹור מֻ ּנָחִ ים לְפָ נֶיָך. Is the commandment to discuss the Exodus from the beginning of the children is the simple one who wonders at the New Month? The Torah teaches, “on world and asks: “What is this?” that day.” Is the commandment to Albert Einstein, one of the great minds of the discuss the Exodus while it is still 20th century, spoke often about the experience day? The Torah teaches, “for the of not knowing. “The most beautiful thing we sake of this.” Therefore, we discuss can experience,” he wrote, “is the mysterious. It is the Exodus when “this” matza the source of all true art and science. He to whom and maror are in front of us - on the emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause Passover night. to wonder and stand wrapped in awe, is as good as Did you know that? dead; his eyes are closed.” Ethiopian Jews understand Questions for discussion: the Biblical prohibition • Question for children: Is there against “leaven” to include something about the Passover story that all fermented foods, so you find puzzling or confusing? they do not eat yogurt, • Question for adults:Were you ever faced cheese, or leavened with something so challenging that you beverages on Passover. didn’t even know how to start dealing - 20 - with it? How did you deal with it? - 21 - Our Ancestors Taking a Different Path Exodus from Ethiopia Genesis tells us that in order to reach Unit 7: Christian Missionaries Canaan, Abraham had to leave his father In the 19th and 20th centuries, European מִ ְּתחִ ָה ּלעֹובְדֵ י עֲבֹודָ ה הזָרָ הָיּו אֲבֹותֵ ינּו, Our ancestors once worshipped Terah behind. “And God told Abram, ‘Go Christian missionaries targeted Ethiopian וְעַ כְ ׁשָיו קֵרְ בָ נּו הַ ָ ּמקֹום לַעֲ בדָ תֹו, idols, but now God (Hamakom - the place of all things) has brought us forth from your native land and from your Jewry, taking advantage of their limited father’s house to the land that I will show communication with world Jewry. The ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: רוַיֹאמֶ יְהֹושֻ עַ אֶ ל־כָל־הָעָ ם, close so we can worship Him. As it you.’” (Genesis 12). From this verse, we missionaries claimed that other Jewish ֹהכ אָמַר ה' אֱֹלהֵ י יִׂשְרָ אֵל: בְעֵבֶ ר הַ ּנָהָ ר ,is written, “Joshua said to the people understand that Abraham needed to break communities believed in Jesus and the יָ ְבּוׁש אֲבֹותֵ יכֶם מֵ עֹולָ ם, ּתֶרַ ח אֲבִ י ,the God of Israel says, ‘Your ancestors away from his past in order to embark on New Testament. Baptized Jews were called אַבְרָ םהָ יוַאֲבִ נָחֹור, וַ ּיַעַבְדּו אֱֹלהִ ים Terah Avraham’s father and the father of Nahor, dwelt over the river and they his own journey. Falash Muqra, meaning “horse of the raven.” However, a closer look at the previous verses ‘Raven’ is a nickname for the black-robed אֲ חֵ רִ י ם . וָ אֶ קַ ח אֶ ת ־ אֲ בִ י כֶ ם אֶ ת ־ אַ בְ רָ הָ ם worshiped other gods. And I took your suggest that Abraham’s father Terah had .Christian missionaries מֵעֵבֶ ר הַ ָהָר ּנ וָאֹולְֵךאֹותֹו בְכָ ל־אֶרֶ ץ father, Abraham, from over the river and started on his own journey to Canaan years כְ נָעַן, וָאַרְ בֶה אֶ ת־זַרְ עֹו וָ אֶ ֵןּת לֹו אֶ ת־ I had him walk the land of Canaan. before. So, even as Abraham left his father behind, he was also fulfilling his father’s ִ י צְ חָ ק , וָ אֶ ֵ ּתן לְ ִ י צְ חָ ק אֶ ת ־ ַ י עֲ ֹק ב וְ אֶ ת ־ I gave him Isaac, and to Isaac I gave .destiny עֵ ָ ׂשו. וָ אֶ ֵ ּתן לְ עֵ ׂשָו אֶ ת־הַר שֵ עִיר לָ רֶ ֶ ׁשת Jacob and Esau. To Esau I gave Mount By telling Abraham’s story, the Bible אתֹו, וְיַעֲ קֹבּובָ נָיו יָרְ דּו מִ צְרָ יִם. Seir. And Yaakov and his sons went down to Egypt.’” (Joshua 24:2-4). invites each generation to reassess its own relationship to the past - enabling both tremendous creativity and also the potential for rebellion. The Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai wrote often about his own conflicted relationship to Judaism, “We are the sons of Abraham, but we are also the grandchildren of Terah, Abraham’s father. And Did you know that? now maybe it’s time for the grandchildren to In Ethiopia, Jews would do to their father what he did to his father, who slaughter a sacrificial lamb broke his idols, his religion and faith.” on Passover. They would choose a lamb and turn it Questions for discussion: towards Jerusalem as they • Question for children: Are there customs or slaughtered it. Some of values in your family that you want to pass its blood was smeared on on to your future children? the synagogue’s doorposts in commemoration of • Question for adults: Have you taken a the original Seder held in different path from that of your parents? Egypt. - 22 - What led you to that decision? - 23 - He Sh’amda Persecution Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 8: Abba Mehari For two millennia, suffering has played an בָרּוְך ׁשֹומֵר הַבְטָחָ תֹו לְ יִׂשְרָ אֵ ל, Blessed be the One who keeps His promise to Israel; since the Holy important role in shaping Jewish identity. In 1869, when Theodor Herzl, the founder Instead of tearing us apart and destroying of modern Zionism was still only 9 years בָ רּוְך הּוא. ׁש ֶהַקָדֹוׁשבָ רּוְך הּוא One calculated the end of the us, persecution at the hands of our enemies old, an Ethiopian Jewish monk named חִ ַב אֶּׁש ת־הַקֵ ץ,לַעֲׂשֹות כְ מֹו ,exile, as God said to Abraham has drawn us together and strengthened Abba Mehari attempted a large-scale ּׁש רֶאָמַ לְאַבְרָ הָם אָבִינּו בִבְרִ ית בֵ ין our father, in the Covenant of the our sense of shared purpose and linked mass Aliyah to Jerusalem. A Christian הַבְתָרִ ים, ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַּיֹאמֶ ר לְאַבְרָ ם, Halves, as it is written (Genesis 15:13-14), “And He said to Avram, fate. Out of the hate and pain we have contemporary wrote that Abba Mehari, learned resilience, searching for meaning “was convinced that the time was coming יָדֹעַ ּת עֵדַ כִי־גֵר יִהְ יֶה זַרְ עֲָך בְאֶרֶ ץ you should surely know that your‘ in our experience and growing in our when the Lord would gather them the Jews לֹא לָהֶ ם,וַעֲבָדּום וְעִ ּנּו אֹתָם אַרְ בַ ע seed will be a stranger in a land wisdom. Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotsk of all peoples, and bring them into the land of מֵאֹות ׁשָ נָה. וְגַם אֶ ת־הַ גֹוי אֲ ֶ ׁשר that is not theirs, and they will enslave them and afflict them four instructed his students to take note of the their ancestors.” power that lies in pain on a personal level יַעֲ בֹדּו ָןּד אָ נֹכִי וְאַחֲרֵ ןי־כֵ יֵצְ אּו hundred years. And that nation for as well. “Nothing,” he said, “is as whole as a בִרְ כֻׁש גָדֹול. which they labor will I judge, and ”.broken heart מכסה המצה ומגביה את הכוס afterwards they will go out with בידו, ואומר: וְהִ יא ֶ ׁשעָמְדָ ה ”’.much wealth לַאֲבֹותֵ ינּו וְלָ נּו. ֶ ׁשּלֹא אֶחָד בִלְבָ ד Cover the matzah, lift up the cup and say: Questions for discussion: עָמַדעָלֵינּו לְכַּלֹותֵ נּו, אֶ ָ ּלא ׁשֶבְכָ ל And this stood true for our Question for children: Is there something • ּדֹור וָדֹורעֹומְדִ יםעָלֵינּו לְכַלֹותֵ נּו, ancestors and for us: not only one specific that makes you proud to be Jewish? וְהַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא מַ צִילֵ נּו מִ ּיָדָ ם. person or nation arose to destroy us, but in each generation, there • Question for adults: What events in your are those who rise to destroy us. lifetime have had an impact on how you feel But the Holy One rescues us from about being Jewish? their hand. Did you know that? On the Seder night many Ethiopian Jews spend the entire night praying and thanking God for the redemption.

- 24 - - 25 - צֵא ּולְמַ ד Go and Learn צֵאּולְמַד מַה בִקֵ ׁש לָבָן הָאֲ רַ ִי ּמלַעֲ ׂשֹות וַ ּיָרֵ עּו אֹתָ נּו הַ ִ ּמצְרִ יםוַיְעַ ּנּונּו, וַ יִ ְ ּתנּו עָלֵ ינּו Put down the cup and uncover the “Great, powerful” - as it is written matzah. (Exodus 1:7), “And the Children of Israel לְיַעֲ קֹב אָבִ ינּו: ֶ ׁשפַרְ עֹה לֹא גָזַר אֶ ָ ּלא עֲ בֹדָ ה קָ ָׁשה. וַ ּיָרֵ עּו אֹתָ נּו הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים – multiplied, swarmed and grew numerous עַ ל הַ ּזְכָרִ ים, וְלָבָן בִקֵ ׁש לַעֲ קֹר אֶ ת־הַ כֹל. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַר: ההָבָ נִתְחַ כְמָה לֹו פֶ ן Go and learn what Lavan the Aramean and exceedingly strong, and the land became sought to do to Ya’akov, our forefather. full of them.” ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַר: אֲ רַ ִ ּמי אֹבֵד אָבִ י, וַ ּיֵרֶ ד מִ צְרַ יְמָ ה יִרְ בֶה, וְהָ יָה כִי תִקְרֶ אנָה מִ הלְחָמָ וְנֹוסַ ף Pharaoh decreed the death sentence on “And numerous” - as it is written וַ ּיָגָ ר ָ ׁשם בִמְתֵי מְעָ ט, וַיְהִ י ָם ׁשלְגֹוי גָדֹול, גַם הּוא עַ ל ׂשֹנְאֵ ינּו וְנִלְחַ ם־בָ נּו, וְעָלָה מִ ן־ the males alone, while Lavan sought (Ezekiel 16:7), “I have given you to be to uproot the whole people. As it is numerous as the vegetation of the field, and עָצּום וָרָ ב. הָ אָ רֶ ץ . written, you increased and grew and became highly וַ ּי דֵרֶ מִ צְרַ יְמָה – אָנּוס עַל פִ י הַ ִּדבּור. וַיְעַ ּנּונּו. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַ ָּי ִ ׂשימּו עָלָ יו ׂשָרֵ י An Aramean was destroying my father. ornamented, your breasts were set and your“ And he went down to Egypt and resided hair grew, but you were naked and barren.” וַ ּיָגָ ר ׁשָם. מְ לַ ֵ ּמד ֶ ׁשלֹא יָרַ ד יַעֲ קֹב אָבִ ינּו מִסִ ים לְמַעַןעַ ּנֹתֹו בְסִבְֹלתָ ם. וַ ּיִבֶן עָרֵ י there with a small number and became And I passed above you and saw you לְ הִ ְׁשּתַקֵעַ בְמִ צְרַ יִם אֶ ָאּל לָ גּור ָׁשם, מִסְ כְנֹות לְפַרְ עֹה. אֶ ת־פִ תֹם וְאֶ ת־רַ עַמְסֵ ס. there a great nation, powerful and rolling in your own blood. And I said to numerous.” (Deuteronomy 26:5). you, “even though you are mired in your ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַ ּיֹאמְרּו אֶ ל־פַרְ עֹה, לָגּור בָאָרֶ ץ וַ יִ ְ ּתנּו עָלֵינּו עֲ בֹדָ ה קָ ָ ׁשה. כְמָ ה ֶ ֹׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: ,And he went down to Egypt” – against blood, you shall live.” And I said to you“ בָ אנּו, כִי אֵין מִרְ עֶ ה לַ צֹאן אֲ ֶ ׁשר לַעֲבָדֶ יָך, וַ ּיַעֲבִדּו מִ צְרַ יִם אֶ ת־בְ נֵי יִׂשְרָאֵל בְפָרֶ ְך. his will, since God told Abraham that “even though you are mired in blood, you כִי כָבֵד הָרָ עָב בְאֶרֶ ץ כְ נָעַן. וְ עַ ָּתה יֵ ְ ׁשבּו־ וַ ּנ ִצְעַקאֶל־ה' אֱֹלהֵי אֲ בֹתֵ ינּו, וַ ִּיׁשְמַ ע ה' ”.his descendants would have to go into shall live exile. “And the Egyptians wronged us and נָא עֲבָדֶ יָך בְאֶרֶ ץ גֹשֶ ן. אֶ ת־קֹלֵ נּו, וַ ּי אַרְ אֶ ת־עָ נְיֵנּו וְאֶת עֲמָ לֵ נּו ”.And he resided there” - teaches afflicted us and put us to hard labor“ that Ya’akov, our forefather, did not (Deuteronomy 26:6). בִמְתֵי מְעָ ט. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: בְ ׁשִבְעִ ים אֶ וְ תלַ חֲ נ צֵ ּו . intend to settle in Egypt, but rather נֶפֶ ׁש יָרְ דּו אֲבֹותֶיָך מִ צְרָ יְמָ ה, וְ עַ ָ ּתה ׂשָמְ ָך וַ ּנ ִצְעַקאֶל־ה' אֱֹלהֵי אֲ בֹתֵ ינּו – כְמָ ה to reside there temporarily, as it is “And the Egyptians wronged us” - as it ה' אֱֹלהֶיָך כְכֹוכְבֵ י הַ ּׁשָמַ יִם לָ רֹב. ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַיְהִ י בַ ּיָמִים הָרַ בִים הָהֵ ם וַ ּיָמָ ת written (Genesis 47:4), “And they said is written (Exodus 1:10), “Let us be wise to Pharaoh, ‘To reside in the land have towards him, lest he multiply and it will be וַיְהִ י ָ םׁש לְ גֹוי. מְ לַמֵ ד ׁשֶהָ יּו יִׂשְרָאֵ ל מֶ לְֶך מִ צְרַ יִם, וַ ּיֵאָ נְחּו בְ נֵי־יִׂשְרָאֵל מִ ־ we come, since there is not enough pasture that when war is called, he too will join with מְ צֻ ּיָנִים ָ ם.ׁש גָדֹול עָצּום – כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: הָעֲבֹודָ ה וַ ּיִזְעָ קּו, וַ ּתַעַ ל ַ ׁשוְעָתָם אֶ ל־ for your servant’s flocks, since the famine our enemies and fight against us and go up is heavy in the land of Canaan, and now from the land.” ּובְ נֵי יִׂשְרָאֵל פָ רּו וַ ִּיׁשְרְ צּו וַ ִּירְ בּו וַ ּיַעַצְ מּו הָאֱֹלהִים מִן הָעֲ בֹדָ ה. please grant that your servants should “And afflicted us” - as it is written בִמְ אֹד מְ אֹד, וַ ִּת ָ ּמלֵא הָאָרֶ ץ אֹתָ ם. וַ ִּיׁשְמַע ה' תאֶ קלֵ נּו. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: dwell in the Land of Goshen.’” (Exodus 1:11); “And they placed upon him “As a small number” - as it is written leaders over the work-tax in order to afflict וָרָ ב. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַר: רְ בָבָה כְצֶמַ ח וַ ִּיׁשְמַע אֱֹלהִים אֶ ת־נַאֲקָתָ ם, וַ ִּיזְ ֹרכ אֱֹלהִ ים Deuteronomy 10:22), “With seventy them with their burdens; and they built) הַשָדֶ ה נְתַ ִּתיְך, וַ ּתִרְ בִ י וַ ִּתגְ ְ ּדלִ י וַ ָ ּתבֹאִ י ת אֶ ־ בְ י רִ ת ֹו אֶ ת ־ אַ בְ רָ הָ ם , אֶ ת ־ ִ י צְ חָ ק וְ אֶ ת ־ ”.souls did your ancestors come down to storage cities, Pithom and Ra’amses Egypt, and now the Lord your God has “And put us to hard labor” - as it is בַעֲדִ י עֲדָ יִים, ָדַ ׁש יִםנָכֹנּו ּו ְ ׂשעָרֵ ְך צִ ּמֵחַ , יַ עֲ ֹק ב . ,(made you as numerous as the stars of the written (Exodus 1:11 וְ אַ ְ עֵּת רֹם וְעֶרְ יָה. וָאֶעֱ בֹרעָלַיְִך וָאֶרְ אֵ ְך וַ ַרְא ּיאֶ ת־עָ נְיֵנּו. זֹו פְרִ יׁשּות ּדֶרְֶך אֶרֶ ץ, ”.sky “And he became there a nation” - “And they enslaved the children of Israel מִ תְ ב ֹוסֶסֶתבְדָמָ יְִך,וָ אֹמַ רלְָך בְדָמַ יְִך חֲ יִי, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַ ּי אַרְ אֱֹלהִים אֶת בְ נֵי־ ”.teaches that Israel was distinguished with back breaking labor וָ אֹמַ רלְָך בְדָמַ יְִך חֲ יִי. יִׂשְרָאֵ ל וַ ּיֵדַע אֱֹלהִ ים. .there - 26 - - 27 - וְאֶ ת־עֲמָ לֵ נּו. אֵּלּו הַבָ נִים. כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: ֶּׁש ֶאֱמַ ּנר, אֹו הֲ נִסָהאֱֹלהִ ים לָבֹוא לָקַחַ ת ”.And we cried out to the Lord, the God judgments, I am the Lord“ of our ancestors” - as it is written “And I will pass through the Land of כָל־הַבֵ ן הַ ּיִּלֹוד הַ יְאֹרָ ה ַּת ְ ׁשלִיכֻהּו וְכָ ל־ לֹו גֹוי מִקֶרֶ ב גֹוי בְ מַ ֹת סבְ אֹתֹתּובְמֹופְתִ ים Exodus 2:23); “And it was in those Egypt” - I and not an angel. “And I will) הַבַ ת ְחַ ּתּיּון. ּובְמִ לְחָמָ הּובְ יָדחֲ הזָקָ ּובִ זְרֹועַ נְטּויָה .days that the king of Egypt died and the smite every firstborn” - I and not a seraph Children of Israel sighed from the work “And with all the gods of Egypt, I will make תוְאֶ לַחָ צֵ נּו. זֶו הַ ּדְחַ ק, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: ּובְמֹורָאִ ים גְדֹולִים כְ כֹל אֲ ֶ ׁשר־עָ ָ ׂשה לָכֶ ם and yelled out, and their supplication went judgments” - I and not a messenger. “I am וְגַם־רָאִיתִי אֶ ת־הַ ּלַחַ ץ אֲ ׁשֶר מִ צְרַ יִם ה' אֱֹלהֵיכֶם בְמִ צְרַ יִם לְעֵ ינֶיָך. .up to God from the work.” the Lord” - I and there is no other “And the Lord heard our voice” - as it is “With a strong hand” - refers to the ֹלחֲ צִ ים אֹתָ ם. ּובְ אֹתֹות. זֶה הַ ּמַטֶ ה, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וְאֶ ת ;(written (Exodus 2:24); “And God heard pestilence, as it is written (Exodus 9:3 וַ ּיֹוצִאֵנּו ה' מִמִ צְרַ יִם בְ יָד חֲ זָקָ ה, ּובִ זְרֹעַ הַ ּמַטֶ ה הַ ֶ ּזה ּתִקַח בְ יָדְ ָך, אֲ ֶ ׁשר ַּתעֲ ֶ ׂשה־בֹו their groans and God remembered His “Behold the hand of the Lord is upon your covenant with Abraham and with Yitschak herds that are in the field, upon the horses, נְטּויָה, ּובְ מֹרָ א גָדֹל, ּובְ אֹתֹות ּובְ מֹפְתִ ים. אֶת הָ אֹתֹות. and with Ya’akov.” upon the donkeys, upon the camels, upon the וַ ּיֹוצִאֵ נּו ה' מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם. לֹא עַ ל־יְדֵי מַ לְאָ ְך, ּובְ מֹפְתִ ים. זֶה הַ ָ ּדם, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וְנָתַ ִ ּתי And He saw our affliction” - refers to cattle and upon the flocks, there will be a very“ the breaking up of family life, as it is heavy pestilence.” וְ לֹא עַ ל־יְדֵ י ׂשָרָ ף, וְ לֹא עַ ל־יְדֵ י ָ ׁשלִיחַ , מֹופְתִ ים בַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. - ”written (Exodus 2:25); “And God saw “And with an outstretched forearm אֶ ָא ּלהַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא בִכְ בֹודֹו ּובְעַצְ מֹו. the Children of Israel and God knew.” this refers to the sword, as it is written “And our labor” - refers to the killing (I Chronicles 21:16); “And his sword was ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וְעָבַ רְ ּתִי בְאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרַ יִם בַ ּלַיְלָ ה ”.of the sons, as it is written (Exodus drawn in his hand, leaning over Jerusalem הַ ּזֶה, יוְהִכֵיתִ כָ ל־בְכֹור בְאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרַ יִם Every boy that is born, throw him “And with great awe” - refers to the“ ;(1:24 into the Nile and every girl you shall keep revelation of the Divine Presence, as it is מֵאָדָ ם וְעַדבְהֵמָ ה, ּובְכָל אֱֹלהֵי מִ צְרַ יִם alive.” written (Deuteronomy 4:34), “Or did God אֶ עֱ ֶ ׂשה ְ ׁשפָטִים. אֲ נִי ה'. And our oppression” - refers to the try to take for Himself a nation from within“ וְעָבַ רְ ּתִי בְאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרַ יִם בַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ּזֶה – אֲ נִי pressure, as it is written (Exodus a nation with enigmas, with signs and with 3:9); “And I also saw the duress that the wonders and with war and with a strong וְ לֹא מַ לְאָ ְך; יוְהִכֵיתִ כָל בְכֹור בְאֶרֶ ץ־ Egyptians are applying on them.” hand and with an outstretched forearm and מִ צְרַ ים. אֲ נִי וְ לֹא ָרָ ׂשף; ּובְכָ ל־אֱֹלהֵ י And the Lord took us out of Egypt with great and awesome acts, like all that the“ מִ צְרַ יִם אֶ ֱע ֶ ׂשה ְ ׁשפָטִ ים. אֲ נִי וְ לֹא ַה ָ ּׁשלִ יחַ ; with a strong hand and with an Lord, your God, did for you in Egypt in front outstretched forearm and with great of your eyes?” אֲ נִי ה'. אֲ נִי הּוא וְ לֹא אַחֵ ר. awe and with signs and with wonders” “And with signs” - refers to the staff, as (Deuteronomy 26:8). it is written (Exodus 4:17); “And this staff בְ יָד חֲ זָקָ ה. זֹו הַ ּדֶבֶ ר, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: you shall take in your hand, that with it you הִ ֵהּנ יַד־ה' הֹויָה בְמִקְ נְָך אֲ ֶ ׁשר בַשָדֶ ה, ”.And the Lord took us out of Egypt” will perform signs“ - not through an angel, nor through “And with wonders” - this refers to the בַ סּוסִים, בַחֲ מֹרִ ים, בַגְמַ לִים, בַבָקָ ר a seraph, nor through a messenger, blood, as it is written (Joel 3:3); “And I ּובַ צֹאן, ּדֶבֶר כָבֵד מְ אֹד. but directly by the Holy One, as it is will place my wonders in the skies and in the written (Exodus 12:12); “And I will earth:” ּובִ זְרֹעַ נְטּויָה. זֹו הַחֶרֶ ב, כְמָ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: pass through the Land of Egypt on that וְחַ רְ בֹו ְ ׁשלּופָה בְ יָדֹו, נְטּויָה עַ ל־יְרּושָ לָיִם. night and I will smite every firstborn in the Land of Egypt, from men to animals; ּובְמֹורָ א גָדֹל. זֹו גִּלּוי ְ ׁשכִ ינָה. כְמָ ה and with all the gods of Egypt, I will make - 28 - - 29 - The Ten Plagues Plagues Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 9: Sudan The ten plagues upended the natural and ָ םּד וָאֵ ׁש וְתִימְ רֹות עָ ׁשָן. דָבָר אַחֵ ר: Spill a bit of wine from the cup at the mention of “blood,” social order that supported the institution In the 1970’s, many of the Beta Israel of slavery in Egypt. They delivered decided to flee Ethiopia for the Promised בְ יָד חֲ זָקָ ה ְׁש ַ ּתיִם, ּובִ זְרֹעַ נְטּויָה fire,” “pillar,” and each plague“ retributive justice, punishing an entire Land. With no diplomatic relations ְׁש ַ ּתיִם, ּובְ מֹרָ א גָדֹל – ְׁש ַ ּתיִם, nation for its role in enslaving the Jews. between Ethiopia and Israel and without ּובְ אֹתֹות – ְׁש ַ ּתיִם, ּובְ מֹפְתִ ים – blood and fire and pillars of…“ smoke.” As we celebrate Passover this year, we are the support of the Israeli government, .in the middle of our own global plague. the Beta Israel made their way to Sudan ְׁש ַ ּתיִם. אֵ ּלּו עֶ ֶׂשר מַ כֹות ׁשֶהֵבִ יא With a strong hand” corresponds“ Like the plagues of Egypt, there is With few provisions they trekked through הַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא עַ ל־הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים to two plagues; “and with an outstretched forearm” corresponds something universal about the experience impossible terrain. More than 10,000 of lockdowns, masks, and fear of sickness Ethiopian Jews made the journey, but בְמִ צְרַ יִם, וְאֵלּו הֵ ן: ָ ּדם, צְפַ רְ ֵ ּדעַ , to two plagues; “and with great and death. And perhaps the devastation thousands more died on the way due to כִ ּנִיםת עָ רֹוב, ּדֶבֶ ר, ׁשְחִין, בָרָ ד, ;awe” corresponds to two plagues .wreaked by this pandemic too, is a starvation, illness and attacks by bandits אַרְ בֶ ה, חׁשְֶך, מַכַת בְ כֹורֹות. and with signs” corresponds to“ two plagues; “and with wonders” consequence of human behavior. corresponds to two plagues. For many, the conditions of the pandemic These are the ten plagues that the have meant that, like the Israelites on Holy One, blessed be He, brought the night preceding the Exodus, we have on the Egyptians: stayed indoors to escape what is raging Blood, outside. And for some, like the Jews in Frogs, Egypt 3500 years ago, the plague has Lice, brought families closer together. Wild Animals, Pestilence, Boils, Questions for discussion: Hail, • Question for children: What in your Did you know that? Locusts, Darkness, life has changed because of the Covid-19 After eating the Passover Slaying of [the] pandemic? sacrifice, Ethiopian Jews Firstborn. • Question for adults: What has been the maintain a vegetarian diet for hardest part of living through the Covid the rest of Passover week. 19 pandemic?

- 30 - - 31 - ְ ּדצַ”ְך עַדַ ”ׁש בְאַחַ ”ב The Many Ways of Remembering the Plagues רַ בִ ייְהּודָה הָ יָה נֹותֵן בָהֶ ם סִ ָ ּמנִים: ְ ּדצַ "ְך שֶהֵבִיאהַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא עַ ל הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים Spill a little wine at the mention composed of four plagues? As it is of each term, “detsakh,” “adash,” written (Psalms 78:49): ‘He sent upon עַדַ "ׁש בְאַחַ "ב. בְמִ צְרַ יִם הָ יְתָ ה ׁשֶל חָמֵ ׁש מַ כֹות? ,and “be’achav.” them the fierceness of His anger, wrath רַ בִייֹוסֵי הַ גְלִילִי אֹומֵ ר: מִ ּנַיִן אַ ָהּת אֹומֵ ר ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: יְִ ַׁש ַ ּלח־בָם חֲ רֹון אַ פֹו, עֶבְרָ ה and fury, and trouble, a sending of Rabbi Yehuda listed the plagues with messengers of evil.’ ‘Wrath’ corresponds ֶׁש ָּלקּו הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים בְמִ צְרַ יִם עֶ ֶׂשר מַ כֹות וָזַעַם וְצַרָ ה, מִ ְ ׁשלַחַת מַ לְאֲ כֵי רָ עִים. חֲ רֹון the mnemonic: Detsakh [the Hebrew to one; ‘and fury’ brings it to two; ‘and וְעַ ל הַ ָםּי לָקּו חֲ מִ ִּׁשים מַ כֹות? בְמִ צְרַ יִם אַ פֹו – אַחַת, עֶבְרָ ה – ׁשְּתָ יִם, וָזַעַ ם – initials of the first three plagues], trouble’ brings it to three; ‘a sending of מַה הּוא אֹומֵ ר? וַּיֹאמְרּו הַחַרְ טֻ ּמִם אֶ ל ָ ׁשלֹוׁש, וְצָרָה – אַרְ בַ ע, מִ ְ ׁשלַחַת מַ לְאֲ כֵ י Adash [the Hebrew initials of the messengers of evil’ brings it to four. You second three plagues], Be’achav can say from here that in Egypt, they פַרְ עֹה: אֶצְבַע אֱֹלהִים הִ וא, וְעַ ל הַ ּיָם רָ עִים – חָמֵ ׁש. אֱמֹור מֵ עַ ּתָה: בְמִ צְרַ יִם the Hebrew initials of the last four were struck with forty plagues and at the] מָההּוא אֹומֵ ר? וַ ּיַרְ א יִׂשְרָאֵל אֶ ת־הַ ּיָד לָקּו חֲ מִ ִּׁשים מַ כות וְעַ ל הַ ָםּי לָקּו חֲ מִ ִ ּׁשים plagues]. Sea, they were struck with two hundred הַ גְדֹלָ ה אֲ ֶׁשר עָ ָ ׂשה ה' בְמִ צְרַ יִם, וַ ּיִירְ אּו ּומָאתַ יִם מַ כֹות. ”.Rabbi Yosei Hagelili says, “From plagues where can you derive that the Rabbi Akiva says, says, “From where הָעָם אֶ ת־ה', וַ ּיַאֲמִינּו בַ יי ּובְ מ ֶ הׁש עַבְ דֹו. Egyptians were struck with ten can you derive that every plague הכַמָ לָקּו בְאֶצְבַ ע? עֶ ֶׂשר מַ כֹות. אֱ מֹור ,plagues in Egypt and struck with that the Holy One, blessed be He fifty plagues at the Sea? In Egypt, brought upon the Egyptians in מֵ עַ ּתָה: בְמִ צְרַ ים לָ קּו עֶ ֶׂשר מַ כֹות וְעַ ל ?it is written, ‘Then the magicians said Egypt was composed of five plagues הַ ָםּי לָקּו חֲ מִ ִּׁשים מַ כֹות. unto Pharaoh: ‘This is the finger of God’ As it is written (Psalms 78:49): God רַ בִי אֱ לִ יעֶ זֲר אֹומֵ ר: מִ ּנַיִן ֶ ׁשכָל־מַכָ ה ,Exodus 8:15). And at the Sea, it is sent upon them the fierceness of anger) written, ‘And Israel saw the Lord’s great wrath, and fury, and trouble, a sending ּומַכָ ה ׁש ֶהֵבִיאהַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא עַ ל hand that he used upon the Egyptians, of messengers of evil.’ ‘The fierceness of הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים בְמִ צְרַ יִם הָ יְתָ ה ׁשֶל אַרְ בַ ע and the people feared the Lord; and they anger’ corresponds to one; ‘wrath’ brings מַ כֹות? ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: יְ ַׁש ַ ּלח־בָם חֲ רֹון אַ פֹו, ;believed in the Lord, and in Moshe, His it to two; ‘and fury’ brings it to three servant’ (Exodus 14:31). How many ‘and trouble’ brings it to four; ‘a sending עֶבְרָ ה וָזַעַם וְצָרָ ה, מִ ְ ׁשלַחַת מַ לְאֲ כֵ י .were they struck with the finger? Ten of messengers of evil’ brings it to five רָ עִים. עֶבְרָה – אַחַ ת, וָזַעַ ם – ְׁש ַ ּתיִם, plagues. You can say from here that You can say from here that in Egypt, they in Egypt, they were struck with ten were struck with fifty plagues and at the וְצָרָ ה – ָ ׁשלׁש, מִ ְ ׁשלַחַת מַ לְאֲ כֵי רָ עִ ים plagues and at the Sea, they were Sea, they were struck with two hundred – אַרְ בַע. אֱמֹור מֵ עַ ּתָה: בְמִ צְרַ יִם לָ קּו ”.struck with fifty plagues.” and fifty plagues Rabbi Eliezer says, “From where can אַרְ בָעִ ים מַ כֹות וְעַ ל הַ ָםּי לָקּו מָאתַ יִם you derive that every plague that the מַ כֹות. Holy One, blessed be He, brought רַ בִי עֲקִ יבָא אֹומֵ ר: מִ ּנַיִן ֶ ׁשכָל־מַכָה ּומַכָ ה upon the Egyptians in Egypt was - 32 - - 33 - דינו Dayenu כַמָהמַעֲ לֹות טֹובֹות לַ ּמָקֹום עָלֵ ינּו! ַּדּיֵנּו. ;How many degrees of good did us the manna אִּל ּו הֹוצִ יאָ נּו מִ מִ צְרַ יִ ם וְ לֹא ָע ָ ׂשה בָ הֶ ם ְ ׁשפָ טִ ים, אִּל ּו נָתַן לָנּו אֶ ַת־הׁשַבָ ת, וְלֹא קֵרְבָ נּו לִפְנֵי הַ ר .God (Hamakom, the Place of all it would have been enough for us things) bestow upon us! Had ַּדּיֵנּו. סִ י ַ נ י , God fed us the manna and not given Had God had taken us out of Egypt us the Shabbat; אִּל ּו ָע ָ ׂשה בָהֶ ם ְ ׁשפָטִ ים, וְ לֹא ָע הָ ׂש בֵ אֹלהֵ יהֶ ם, ַּדּיֵנּו. .and not judged them; it would have been enough for us ַּדּיֵנּו. אִּל ּו קֵרְבָנּו לִפְנֵי הַר סִינַי, וְלא נַתַן לָנּו אֶת־ it would have been enough for us. Had God given us the Shabbat and not אִּל ּו עָ ָה ׂשבֵ אֹלהֵיהֶ ם, וְ לֹא גהָרַ אֶ ת־בְכֹורֵ יהֶ ם, הַּתֹורָ ה. ;Had God judged them and not judged brought us close to Mount Sinai it would have been enough for us. ַּדּיֵנּו. ַּדּיֵנּו. ;their gods it would have been enough for us. Had God brought us close to Mount Sinai אִּל ּו הָרַגאֶת־בְכֹורֵיהֶם וְלֹא נָתַן לָנּו אֶת־ אִּל ּונַתַ ן לָ נּו אֶ הת־הַּתֹורָ וְ לֹא הִכְ נִיסָ נּו לְאֶרֶ ץ ;and not given us the Torah Had God judged their gods and not it would have been enough for us. מָ מֹונָם, ִ י ְ ׂשרָ אֵ ל , ;killed their firstborn ַּדּיֵנּו. ַּדּיֵנּו. it would have been enough for us. Had God given us the Torah and not brought us into the land of Israel; אִּל ּו נָתַן לָנּו אֶת־מָמֹונָם וְלֹא קָרַע לָנּו אֶת־ אִּל ּו הִכְנִיסָ נּו לְאֶרֶ ץ ִיׂשְרָאֵל וְ לֹא בָנָה לָ נּו אֶ ת־ Had God killed their firstborn andnot it would have been enough for us. הַ ּי ָם, בֵית הַבְחִירָ ה ;given us their possessions it would have been enough for us. Had God brought us into the land of ַּדּיֵנּו. ַּדּיֵנּו. ;Israel and not built us the Temple Had God given us their possessions it would have been enough for us. אִּל ּו עקָרַ לָ נּו אֶ ת־הַ ָם וְּי לֹא הֶעֱבִירָ נּו בְ תֹוכֹו עַל אַחַ ת, הכַמָ וְכַמָ ה, טֹובָהכְפּולָה ּומְכֻפֶלֶ ת ;and not split the Sea for us בֶ חָ רָ בָ ה , לַ ּמָקֹום עָלֵ ינּו: ֶ ׁשהֹוצִיאָ נּו מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם, וְ עָ ָ ׂשה .it would have been enough for us How much more so is the good that God ַּדּיֵנּו. בָהֶ ם ְ ׁשפָטִ ים, וְ עָ ָ הׂש בֵ אֹלהֵיהֶ ם, וְהָרַ ג אֶ ת־ Had God split the Sea for us and not (Hamakom, the Place of all things) אִּל ּו הֶעֱבִירָ נּו בְ תֹוכֹו בֶחָרָ בָ הוְ לֹא עׁשִקַ צָרֵ נּו בְכֹורֵ יהֶ ם, ןוְנָתַ לָנּו אֶ ת־מָ מֹונָם, עוְקָרַ לָ נּו taken us through it on dry land; bestowed upon us; since God took us בְ תֹוכֹו אֶ ת־הַ ּיָם, וְהֶעֱבִירָ נּו בְתֹוכֹו בֶחָרָ בָ ה, וְ ׁשִקַ ע it would have been enough for us. out of Egypt, and judged them and ַּדּיֵנּו. צָרֵ נּו בְ תֹוכֹו, וְסִפֵק צָרְ כֵ נּו בַמִדְבָר אַרְ בָעִ ים ,Had God taken us through it on their gods, and killed their firstborn dry land and not pushed down our and gave us their possessions, and split אִּל ּו ִקַע ׁשצָרֵ נּו בְ תֹוכֹו וְ לֹא סִ קפֵ צָרְ כֵ נּו ַ במִ דְ בָ ר ָ ׁשנָה, וְהֶאֱ כִילָנּו אֶ ת־הַ ָ ּמן, ןוְנָתַ לָנּו אֶ ת־ enemies; the Sea for us, and brought us through אַרְ בָעִ ים ָ ׁשנָה הַ ּׁשַבָת, וְקֵרְ בָנּו לִפְ נֵי הַר סִ ינַי, ןוְנַתָ לָנּו אֶ ת־ it would have been enough for us. it on dry land, and pushed down our ַּדּיֵנּו. הַּתֹורָ ה, וְהִכְ נִיסָ נּו לְאֶרֶ ץ יִׂשְרָ אֵ ל, ּובָ נָה לָ נּו Had God pushed down our enemies enemies, and supplied our needs in the and had not provided for us in the wilderness for forty years, and fed us אִּל ּו סִפֵק צָרְכֵנּו בְמִדְבָר אַרְבָעִים ׁשָנָה וְלֹא אֶ ת־בֵית הַבְחִירָ ה לְכַפֵר עַ ל־ ָ כל־עֲֹונֹותֵ ינּו. ,wilderness for forty years; the manna, and gave us the Shabbat הֶאֱ כִילָנּו אֶ ת־הַ ָ ּמן ,it would have been enough for us. and brought us close to Mount Sinai ַּדּיֵנּו. Had God provided for us in the and gave us the Torah, and brought us wilderness for forty years and not fed into the land of Israel and built us the אִּל ּו הֶאֱ כִילָ נּו אֶ ת־הַ ָ ןּמ וְ לֹא ןנָתַ לָ נּו אֶ ת־הַ ׁשַבָ ת, .Temple to atone for all our sins - 34 - - 35 - Dayenu Gratitude Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 10: Red Sea Diving Resort Would it have been enough for God to take כַמָהמַעֲ לֹות טֹובֹות לַ ּמָקֹום עָלֵ ינּו! How many wonderful things did us out of Egypt and not split the sea? If In 1981, Israeli Mossad agents, posing אִ ּלּו הֹוצִיאָנּו מִמִ צְרַ יִם וְ לֹא עָ ָ ׂשה בָהֶ ם God (Hamakom, the place of all things) bestow upon us! If God so, how, then, would we have survived the as Swiss businessmen, created ‘Arous’, a onslaught of the Egyptian army? Would fancy tourist vacation-spot on the Red ְ ׁשפָטִ ים, ַּדּיֵנּו... had taken us out of Egypt and not judged them; it would have been it have been enough for us to leave Egypt Sea coast in Sudan. Working closely with enough for us. Dayenu…. and remain trapped in Sinai? How would Parda Aklom, a local Ethiopian Jewish you like to live in the desert eating manna leader, Mossad agents visited refugee camps crackers all day for two thousand years? under the cover of night to evacuate Jews Dayenu draws our attention to the and bring them to the resort. They would individual moments that make up the then cross the Red Sea into Israel. In 2020 longer road to redemption. The song invites Netflix released a film based on the story us to appreciate each blessing and every called “The Red Sea Diving Resort.” miracle on its own - even as we look ahead to the end of the journey.

Questions for discussion: • Question for everyone: Name one thing that has happened since last Passover for which you are grateful.

Did you know that? Ethiopian religious leaders may only eat the meat of animals they themselves slaughtered.

- 36 - - 37 - The Passover offering Taste Exodus from Ethiopia Today, we know that the parts of the Unit 11: Operation Moses brain that register smell and taste are With thousands of Ethiopian Jews רַ בָן גַמְ לִיאֵל הָ יָה אֹומֵר: כָ ל ֶ ׁשּלֹא אָמַ ר Rabban Gamliel would say, “One who closely connected to the areas involved in languishing in subhuman conditions in ְׁשל ָ ׁשה ּדְבָרִ ים אֵּלּו בַפֶסַ ח, לא יָצָ א יְדֵ י has not mentioned these three things on Passover has not fulfilled their obligation: memory and emotional learning. Tastes Sudan, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem have the ability to take us back in time. Begin decided to airlift the Beta Israel חֹובָ תֹו, וְאֵּלּו הֵן: פֶסַח,מַ צָה, ּומָ רֹור. the Passover sacrifice, matzah and the The Haggadah asks us here to quite to safety. The operation was influenced פֶסַ ח ֶהָיּוׁש אֲבֹותֵ ינּו אֹוכְלִים בִ זְמַ ן ׁשֶבֵ ית ”.(maror (bitter herbs literally taste the central aspects of the by pressure from American Jewry, and הַ ִּמקְ ּדָׁש הָ יָה קַ ָם, ּיעַל ׁשּום מָה?עַ לׁשּום To what purpose did our ancestors original Passover: the trust that God the activism of Ethiopian Israelis Yona ֶׁש ָסַח פהַקָדֹוׁש בָרּוְך הּוא עַ ל בָ ֵיּת אֲבֹותֵ ינּו eat the Passover sacrifice in the time of the Temple? To commemorate the would pass over Jewish homes (in the Bogale and Hezi Ovadia. Over seven ,Passover sacrifice), the haste with which weeks, beginning in November 1984 בְמִ צְרַ יִם, ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַאֲמַ רְ ֶ ּתם זֶבַח פֶסַ ח fact that the Holy One passed over the we left Egypt (in the matzah), and the Israel flew 8000 Jews from refugee camps הּוא לַ יי, אֲ ֶ ׁשר פָסַח עַ ל בָ ּתֵי בְ נֵי יִׂשְרָ אֵ ל homes of our ancestors in Egypt, as it in Sudan, via Belgium, to Israel. For the is stated (Exodus 12:27), “And you shall bitterness of the slavery we left behind (in operation, Israel chose Trans European בְמִ צְרַ יִם בְ נָגְ פֹו אֶ ת־מִ צְרַ יִם, וְאֶ ת־בָ ֵ ּתינּו say: ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord, the maror). Airways. TEA had flown out of Sudan הִצִ יל וַ ִּיקֹד הָעָ ם וַ ִּי ְׁש ַ ּתחוּו. for that God passed over the homes of the According to Jewish tradition, without previously with Muslims making the Children of Israel in Egypt, and smote the the proper foods, the telling of the story pilgrimage to Mecca, and did not raise Egyptians, and saved our homes.’ And the of the Exodus is incomplete And similarly, suspicions of the airport authorities. people bowed.” without reflecting on what these foods mean to us, the eating of matzah and maror is incomplete.

Questions for discussion: • Question for children: Do you have a Did you know that? favorite Passover food Many Ethiopian Jewish • Question for adults: If you were to communities were unaware tell your life’s story, is there an event or that the Temple had theme without which the story would be been destroyed and were incomplete? distraught upon hearing • Question for everyone: What tastes most about its destruction when remind you of Passover? they arrived in Israel.

- 38 - - 39 - Matzah Haste Exodus from Ethiopia The eighteenth-century Italian Jewish Unit 12: Operation Solomon scholar, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, In 1991, famine and violent rebellions believed in the value of zerizut (Hebrew against Ethiopia’s dictator Mengistu Haile ּ מַ צָ הזֹו ׁשֶאָ נֹו אֹוכְלִים, עַ לׁשּום Raise the matzah and display for haste or, as it is sometimes translated, Mariam rocked the country. In a covert מַה?עַ לׁשּום ֶׁשּלֹא הִסְפִ יק בְצֵקָ ם .it to everyone at the table alacrity). In order to feel the urgency of operation, Israeli planes flew back and forth ֶל ׁשאֲבֹותֵ ינּו לְהַחֲמִ יץ עַ ד ֶׁשּנִגְלָ ה Why are we eating matzah? To commemorate that our ancestors’ the moment, he wrote, we must act with non-stop from Ethiopia to Israel, bringing zerizut. Deliberate action, he taught, can Ethiopian Jews to safety. At one point on עֲלֵיהֶם מֶ לְֶך מַ לְכֵ י הַ ְ ּמלָכִים, הַקָ דֹוׁש dough was not yet able to rise, transform us from the outside in. May 24 1991, 28 aircraft were in the sky simultaneously. The planes had their seats בָרּוְך הּוא, ּוגְאָ לָ ם, ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר:וַ ּיֹאפּו before the Holy One was revealed removed in order to accommodate as many אֶ ת־הַבָצֵ ק אֲ ֶ רׁש הֹוצִ יאּו מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם to them and redeemed them, as it is written (Exodus 12:39), “And passengers as possible and according to the Guinness book of world records, 1086 עֻ גֹת מַ צּוֹת, כִ י לֹא חָמֵ ץ,כִ יגֹרְ ׁשּו they baked the dough which they .passengers left Addis Ababa on one flight מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם וְ לֹא יָכְלּו לְהִתְמַהְ מֵ ַ ּה, וְגַ ם brought out of Egypt into matzah cakes, since it did not rise; because Remarkably, 1088 were on the flight when it landed, two children having been born en צֵדָ הלֹא עָׂשּו לָהֶ ם. they were expelled from Egypt, and route. Teams of doctors and nurses greeted could not tarry, neither had they the immigrants and the newborns were made for themselves provisions.” Questions for discussion: immediately put into incubators. • Question for children: Can you think of a time you had to do something immediately and not wait even for a moment? • Question for adults: Is there something new you would like to start as soon as possible? Did you know that? 50 days after Yom Kippur, Ethiopian Jews celebrate the Sigd holiday. Sigd is a day of fasting and yearning for Jerusalem, and a time for Beta Israel to reaffirm their identity as a religious community. - 40 - - 41 - Maror Bitterness Exodus from Ethiopia Unit 13: Discrimination Rabbi Yaakov Leiner of Ishbitz once מָ רֹור זֶה ֶאָ ׁש נּואֹוכְלִים, עַלׁשּום מַ ה? Raise the maror and display to everyone at the table. commented on a relatively obscure point of In 1973, Israel’s Sephardic chief rabbi, Rav Jewish law. On Passover, he noted, bitter Ovadia Yosef, ruled that the Beta Israel are עַ לׁשּום ֶׁשּמֵרְ רּו הַ ִ ּמצְרִ ים אֶ ת־חַ ּיֵי ,herbs must be chewed, not swallowed fully Jewish under Jewish law. Nonetheless אֲבֹותֵינּו בְמִ צְרַ יִם, ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וַיְמָרְ רּו Why are we eating this maror whole. “In order to feel redemption,” he some rabbis insist that Ethiopian Jews אֶ ת חַ ּיֵיהם בַעֲ בֹדָה קָשָ ה, בְ חֹמֶ ר bitter greens)? To commemorate) that the Egyptians embittered the explained, “we must experience bitterness.” undergo a formal conversion. The Pain, he taught, is an essential part of life delegitimization of their Judaism causes ּובִלְבֵ נִים ּובְכָ ל־עֲ בֹדָ ה בַשָדֶה אֶ ת כָ ל lives of our ancestors in Egypt, as it and the bitterness of an experience often tremendous pain to the Beta Israel. As a עֲ בֹדָתָ ם אֲ ֶר ׁשעָבְדּו בָהֶם בְפָרֶ ְך. ;,(is written (Exodus 1:14 “And they made their lives bitter with teaches us more about ourselves than visible minority, Ethiopian Jews encounter hard labor, in mortar, in brick, and in sweetness ever can. prejudice and following the death of all types of work in the fields.” 18-year-old Solomon Tekah at the hands of an off-duty policeman in 2019, hundreds of Ethiopian Israelis took to the streets in protest of racism in Israeli society.

Questions for discussion: • Question for children: Have you ever tasted something that is both bitter and good? • Question for adults: Have you ever been grateful for a painful experience?

Did you know that? On the Sabbath, Ethiopian Jews are careful not to raise their voices or get angry.

- 42 - - 43 - In every generation Honesty in Imagined Exodus from Ethiopia Circumstances Unit 14: Today בְכָ ל־ּדֹור וָ דֹור חַ ָבּי םאָדָ לִרְ אֹות In every generation, a person is obligated to see themselves as if Sanford Meisner, the Jewish founder of the Despite the challenges, Ethiopian Jews iconic acting school, the Neighbourhood play an increasingly important role in all אֶ ת־עַצְמֹוכְאִ ּלּו הּוא יָצָ א מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם, they left Egypt, as it is written ,Playhouse, once described acting as areas of Israeli culture and society. In 2020 ֶׁשּנֶאֱמַ ר: וְהִ גַדְ ָ לְבִּת נְָך בַּיֹום הַ הּוא Exodus 13:8); “And you shall) the art of living honestly in imagined lawyer Pnina Tamano Shata became the“ לֵ אמֹר, בַעֲ בּור זֶה עָ ָ ׂשה ה' לִי בְצֵאתִ י explain to your child on that day: For the sake of this, did the Lord do this circumstances.” first Ethiopian born minister in Israel’s We are now at the end of the maggid history. In 2008, the Jewish Ethiopian מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם.לֹא אֶ ת־אֲבֹותֵינּו בִלְבָד גָאַ ל ”.for me in my going out of Egypt section of the Haggadah. We have told a Jewish holiday Sigd - a celebration of הַקָדֹוׁש בָ רּוְך הּוא, אֶ ָא ּל אַףאֹותָ נּו גָאַ ל Not only our ancestors did the Holy One, redeem, but rather story, the circumstances of which are, in the ancient Jewish longing for Jerusalem .one sense, imagined -for few of us have became an official Israeli holiday עִ ּמָהֶ ם, ֶׁש ֶאֱמַ ּנר: וְאֹותָ נּו הֹוצִ יא מִ ָ ּׁשם, experienced slavery. Just as Meisner taught לְמַעַןהָבִיא אֹותָ נּו, תלָתֶ לָנּו אֶ ת־הָאָרֶ ץ also us [together] with them did God redeem, as it is stated his students to express themselves honestly אֲ ֶׁשר נִׁשָבַע לַאֲ בֹתֵ ינו (Deuteronomy 6:23); “And God though texts that they did not write, so took us out from there, in order to too, the Haggadah challenges us to find bring us in, to give us the land which ourselves honestly in Judaism’s greatest God swore unto our fathers.” story. We did not personally compose the prayers we recite, nor did we determine the history that shapes us. And yet, with a little work, the Jewish tradition can become a language with which we tell our own stories to our children. Did you know that? In Ethiopia in the spring, Questions for discussion: the Beta Israel would call • Question for everyone: Was there a line in out to the migrating storks the Haggadah this year that touched you, flying overhead, “Shmella, that helped you express something true? shmella agerachin Yerushalayim deh nah (Stork, stork, how is our beloved Jerusalem)?” - 44 - - 45 - הלל Hallel Raise the cup of wine, cover the Lord of Ya’akov, who turns the boulder לְפִיכְָך אֲ נַחְ נּו חַ ּי ָבִיםלְ הֹודֹות, הַ ַּירְ ֵּדן יִ ֹב סלְאָ חֹור. הֶהָרִים רָ קְ דּו matzah and say: into a pond of water, the flint into a spring לְ הַ ֵ ּלל, לְ ׁש ,ַבֵחַ לְפָאֵ ר, לְרֹומֵ ם, כְאֵ ילִים, גְבַעֹות כִבְ נֵי צֹאן. מַ ה ְּלָך .And so, we are obliged to thank, praise, of water laud, glorify, exalt, lavish, bless, raise high, לְ ַה ר, ֵ ּד לְ בָ רֵ ְך , לְ ַע ּלֵ ה ּו לְ ַק ֵ ּלס לְ מִ י הַ ָםּי כִי תָ נּוס, הַ ַּירְ ֵ ּדן – ִּת ֹבס לְאָ חֹור, and acclaim the One who made all these Blessing over Freedom ֶׁשעָ ָה ׂשלַאֲבֹותֵ ינּו וְלָנּו אֶ ת־כָ ל־ הֶהָרִ ים – ּתִרְ קְדּו כְאֵ ילִים, גְבַ עֹות בָ רּוְך אַּתָה ה'אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, אֲ ֶ רׁש גְאָ לָנּו וְגָאַ ל miracles for our ancestors and for us: God אֶ ת־אֲבֹותֵ ינּו מִ ִ ּמצְרַ יִם, וְהִ גִ יעָ נּו הַ ּלַיְלָ ה הַ ּזֶה לֶאֱ כָ ל־ ,brought us out from slavery to freedom הַ נִסִיםהָאֵ ּלּו: הֹוצִיאָנּו מֵעַבְ דּות כִבְ נֵי־צֹאן. מִ ְפְ ּלנֵי אָ דֹון חּולִי אָרֶ ץ, ֹומַצָה ּומָב רֹור. כֵןה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו וֵ אֹלהֵי אֲבֹותֵ ינּו יַגִ יעֵ נּו from sorrow to joy, from mourning to לְמֹועֲדִ ים וְלִרְ גָלִים אֲחֵרִ ים הַבָאִ ים לִקְרָאתֵ נּו לְ ָׁשלֹום, ,celebration, from darkness to great light לְחֵ רּות מִ ָּיגֹון לְ ׂשִמְחָה, ּומֵאֵבֶ ל מִ ּלְפְ נֵי אֱלֹוהַ יַעֲ קֹב. הַ הֹפְכִ י הַ צּור and from servitude to redemption. And let ׂשְמֵחִים בְבִ נְיַן עִירֶ ְך וְ ָׂש ִ יםׂש בַעֲבֹודָתֶ ָך. וְ נֹאכַ ל ׁשָם מִ ן !us sing a new song before God, Halleluyah לְ יֹוםטֹוב, ּומֵאֲפֵלָהלְאֹור גָדֹול, אֲ גַם־מָ יִם, חַ ּלָמִ יש לְמַעְ יְנֹו־מָ יִם. הַ ּזְבָחִים ּומִן הַפְסָחִ ים אֲ ֶ ׁשר יַגִ יעַ ּדָמָם עַל קִיר מִ זְבַחֲ ָך ּומִ ִּׁשעְ בּוד לִגְאֻ ּלָה. וְ נֹאמַ ר לְפָ נָיו לְרָ צון, הוְנֹודֶ לְ ָך ׁשִיר חָדָ ש עַל גְאֻ ּלָתֵ נּו וְעַל פְ דּות .Return the cup to the table נַפְ ֵ ׁשנּו. בָ רּוְך אַ ָ ּתה ה', גָאַ ל יִׂשְרָאֵ ל. ,Halleluyah! Praise, servants of the Lord ׁשִירָ ה חֲ דָ ׁשָה: הַ לְלּויָּה. praise the name of the Lord. May the Name of the Lord be blessed from now and Raise the cup until the final words of הַ לְלּויָּה הַ לְלּו יעַבְדֵ ה', הַ לְלּו אֶ ת־ ”forever. From the rising of the sun in the this blessing, “who redeemed Israel East to its setting, the name of the Lord Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign ֵ ׁשם ה'. יְהִ י ֵםׁש ה' מְ בֹרָ ְך מֵ עַ ָ ּתה is praised. Above all nations is the Lord, of the universe, who redeemed us and וְעַד עֹולָ ם. מִ ִ ּמזְרַ ח ׁשֶמֶׁש עַ ד God’s honor is above the heavens. Who is redeemed our ancestors from Egypt, and like the Lord, our God, Who sits on high; brought us on this night to eat matzah and מְבֹואֹו מְ הֻ ָ ּלל ׁשֵם ה'. רָ ם עַ ל־כָ ל־ Who looks down upon the heavens and maror; so too, Lord our God, and God of the earth? God brings up the poor out of our ancestors, bring us to other appointed גֹויִם ה', עַ ל הַ ָמַ ּׁשיִם כְ בֹודֹו. מִי כַ יי the dirt; from the refuse piles, God raises times and holidays that will come to greet אֱֹלהֵ ינּו הַ ַ ּמגְבִיהִ י לָ ׁשָבֶ ת, הַ ַּמ ְ ׁשפִילִ י the destitute to seat him with the nobles, us in peace, joyful in the building of Your with the nobles of his people. God seats a city and happy in Your worship; that we לִרְ אֹות בַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ? מְקִימִ י barren woman in a home, a happy mother shall eat there from the offerings and from מֵעָפָ ר ָ ּדל, מֵ אַ ְׁש ֹתפ יָרִ ים אֶבְ יֹון, of children. Halleluyah! the Pesach sacrifices, the blood of which In Israel’s Exodus from Egypt, the house shall reach the wall of Your altar for לְ הֹו ִ ׁשיבִי עִ ם־נְדִ יבִים, עִ ם נְדִ יבֵ י of Ya’akov from a people of foreign favor, and we shall thank You with a new speech. The tribe of Yehudah rose to lead song upon our redemption and upon the עַ ּמֹו. מֹו ִ ׁשיבִי עֲקֶרֶ ת הַבַ יִת, אֵ ם ,and the people Israel became the people restoration of our souls. Blessed are you הַבָ נִים ׂשְמֵחָה.הַ לְלּויָּה. .of God. The Sea saw and fled, the Jordan Lord, who redeemed Israel turned to the rear. The mountains danced Recite the blessing and drink the cup like rams, the hills like young sheep. What while reclining to the left. בְצֵ את יִׂשְרָ אֵל מִמִ צְרַ יִם, בֵ ית יַעֲ קֹב is happening to you, O Sea, that you are מֵעַם ֹלעֵ ז, הָ יְתָ היְהּודָ הלְקָדְ ׁשֹו, בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם בֹורֵ א פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. ;fleeing, O Jordan that you turn to the rear O mountains that you dance like rams, O יִׂשְרָ אֵל מַ מְ ׁשְלֹותָ יו. הַ ּיָם רָ אָ ה וַ ּיַנֹס, hills like young sheep? From before the Blessed are You, Lord our God, who Master, tremble O earth, from before the creates the fruit of the vine. - 46 - - 47 - כֹורֵ ְך - Korech רָ חְ ָ צ ה - Rachtzah Wash your hands and recite the blessing. All present should take a piece from the third whole matzah and another piece of maror, wrap them together and eat them while reclining and :without saying a blessing. Before eating, say בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, אֲ ֶׁשר קִ ְּד ָ ׁשנּו בְמִ צְֹותָ יו וְ צִ ּוָנּו עַ ל נְטִ ילַת יָדַ יִם. Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the Universe, who has sanctified זֵכֶר לְמִ קְ ָ ּדׁש כְ הִ ֵ ּלל. כֵ ן עָ ָׂשה הִ ֵלּל בִ זְמַן ׁשֶבֵ ית הַ ִּמקְ ּדָׁש הָ יָה קַ ּיָם: הָ יָה כֹורֵ ְך מַ צָ ה us with God’s commandments and has commanded us regarding the washing of ּומָ רֹור וְאֹוכֵל בְ יַחַ ד, לְ קַ ּיֵם מַ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַר: עַ ל מַ ֹותצ ּומְרורִ ים יֹאכְלֻ הּו. .the hands This is in memory of the Temple, according to Hillel. This is what Hillel would Motzi Matzah - do when the Temple existed: He would wrap the matzah and maror and eat :(them together, in order to fulfill what is written, (Exodus 12:15 מֹוצִיא מַ צָ ה Remove the matzah, holding the broken one between the two whole “You should eat it upon matsot and marorim.” ones. Hold all three in your hand and bless “ha-motsi” and “on eating ָיָה כֹורֵ ְך מַ צָהּומָ רֹור וְאֹוכֵל בְ יַחַ ד, לְ קַ ּיֵם מַ ה ֶּׁשּנֶאֱמַר: עַ ל מַ צֹות ּומְרורִ ים יֹאכְלֻ הּו. matzah”. Afterwards, break off a piece from the top whole matzah and a second piece from the broken matzah and eat both while reclining. Wrap the matzah and maror and eat them together, in order to fulfill what is ”.written, (Exodus 12:15): “You should eat it upon matsot and marorim בָ רּוְך אַ ָהה', ּתאֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶךהָ עֹולָם הַ ּמֹוצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶ ץ. Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the Universe, who brings forth bread from the ground. שֻ לְחָןעֹורֵ ְך - Shulchan Orech בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, אֲ ֶׁשר קִ ְּד ָ ׁשנּו בְמִ צְֹותָ יו וְ צִ ּוָנּו עַל אֲ כִילַת מַ צָ ה. Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the Universe, who has The festive meal. sanctified us with God’s commandments and commanded us regarding the eating of matzah. צָ פּון - Tzafun מרור - Maror After the end of the meal, all those present take a piece from the All present should take a portion of maror, dip it into the haroset, shake afikomen -the matzah that was concealed- and eat while reclining. off the haroset, recite the blessing and eat without reclining. Before eating the afikoman, recite: זֵכֶר לְקָ רְ ָ בן פֶסַח הָ נֶאֱ כַל עַל הָ שֹובַ ע. בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, אֲ ֶׁשר קִ ְשָ ּדנּו בְמִ צְֹותָ יו וְ צִ ּוָנּו עַל אֲ כִילַת מָ רֹור. Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the Universe, who has sanctified us with God’s commandments and has commanded us on the eating of maror. “In memory of the Pesach sacrifice that was eaten upon being satiated.” - 48 - - 49 - רֵבָ ְך Barech, Birkat Hamazon Pour the third cup and recite the of the Universe, who nourishes the entire ִׁשיר הַ ּמַעֲלֹות, בְ שּוב ה' אֶ ת ִ ׁשיבַ ת לְכָלבְרִ ּיֹותָ יו אֲ ֶ ׁשר בָרָ א. בָ רּוְך אַ ָ ּתה ה', Grace after the meal. world in goodness, in grace, in kindness צִּיֹון הָ יִינּו כְ חֹלְמִים. אָ ז יִ ָ ּמלֵ א ְׂשחֹוק הַ ָ ּזן אֶ ת הַ ֹ כל . A Song of Ascents; When the Lord will and in mercy; God who gives bread to all פִינּו ּולְׁשֹונֵנּו רִ ּנָה. אָז יֹאמְ רּו בַ גֹויִם: נֹודֶ ה לְָךה' אֱֹלהֵינּו עַ ל ׁשֶהִ נְחַ לְ ָּת bring back the captivity of Zion, we will flesh since with eternal kindness. And in be like dreamers. Then our mouth will God’s goodness, we have not lacked, and הִ גְ ִ ילּד ה' לַעֲׂשֹות עִ ם אֵ ּלֶה. הִ גְ ִ ּדיל ה' לַאֲבֹותֵינּו אֶרֶ ץחֶמְדָ הטֹובָה ּורְ חָבָה, וְעַ ל be full of mirth and our tongue joyful may we not lack nourishment forever and לַעֲ ׂשֹות עִ ָ ּמנּו, הָ יִינּו ׂשְמֵחִ ים. ׁשּובָ ה ה' ֶ ׁשהֹוצֵאתָנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵינּו מֵאֶרֶ ץ מִ צְרַ יִם, melody; then they will say among the always, because of God’s great name. Since nations; “The Lord has done greatly with God feeds and provides for all and does אֶ ת ׁשְבִיתֵ נּו כַאֲפִ יקִ ים בַ ּנֶגֶב. הַ ּזֹרְ עִ ים ּופְדִיתָנּו מִבֵית עֲבָדִ ים, וְעַל בְרִ יתְ ָך these.” The Lord has done great things good to all and prepares nourishment for בְדִמְעָה, בְ רִ ָה יִקְּנ צֹרּו. הָ לֹוְך יֵלֵ ְך ּובָ כֹה ֶ ׁשחָ תַ ְמ ָ ּת בְ ְב ָרֵנ ׂש ,ּו ו ְ עַ לּת ֹו רָ תְ ָך ֶׁש ִּל ַּמ דְ נ ּתָ ּו , with us; we are happy. Lord, return our all creatures. Blessed are You, Lord, who captivity like streams in the desert. Those sustains all. נֹׂשֵא מֶשֶ ְך הַ ּזָרַ ע, בֹא יָבֹא בְ רִ ָּנה נֹ ֵ ׂשא וְעַל חֻקֶ יָך ׁשֶהֹודַ עְ ָ ּתנּו, וְעַ ל חַ ּיִים חֵ ן וָחֶסֶ ד that sow with tears will reap with joyful We thank you, Lord our God, for giving אֲ לֻּמֹתָ יו. ֶ ׁשחֹונַנְ ָ ּתנּו, וְעַל אֲ כִילַת מָ זֹון ָׁשאַ ָ ּתה זָן song. He who surely goes and cries, he our ancestors a good and broad land, and carries the measure of seed, he will surely for taking us out from the land of Egypt, )המזמן אומר( רַ ב יֹותַ נְבָרֵ ְך: ּומְפַרְ נֵסאֹותָ נּו ָמִ ּתיד, בְכָ ליֹום ּובְכָל עֵ ת come in joyful song and carry his sheaves. and for redeeming us from slavery, for Your )המסובים עונים( יְהִ י ֵםׁש ה' מְ בֹרָ ְך ּובְכָ ל ָ ׁשעָ ה: ,Psalms 126) covenant which You have sealed in our flesh) מֵ עַ ָ הּת וְעַד עֹולָ ם. וְעַ ל הַ כלה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו, אֲ נַחְנּו מֹודִ ים לָ ְך Three that ate together recite the for Your Torah that You have taught us, for following invitation: Your statutes which You have made known )המזמן אומר( בִרְ ׁשּות מָרָ נָן וְרַ בָ נָן ּומְבָרְ כִים אֹותָ ְך, יִתְבָרַ ְך ׁשִמְָך בְפִי כָ ל The leader invites the others: Let us to us, for the life, grace and kindness that וְ רַ בֹותַ י, נְבָרֵ ְך ]בעשרה: אֱֹלהֵ ינּו[ חַ י ָמִ ּתיד לְעֹולָם וָעֶד. כַכָ תּוב: וְאָ כַ לְ ָ ּת bless: You have granted us, and for the eating of All those present respond: nourishment that You feed and provide for ׁשֶאָ כַלְ נּו מִ ֶ ּׁשלֹו וְ ׂשָבַ עְ ָ ּתּובֵרַ כְ ָ ּת אֶתה' אֱֹלהֵיָך עַל הָאָרֶ ץ .May the Name of the Lord be blessed from us always, on all days, and at all times )המסובים בָעונים( רּוְך ]בעשרה: הַ טֹובָ ה אֲ ֶ רּׁש ןנָתַ לְָך. בָ רּוְך אַ ָ ּתה ה', עַ ל now and forever. And for everything, Lord our God, we The leader says: thank You and bless You; may Your name אֱֹלהֵ ינּו[ ׁשֶאָ כַלְ נּו מִ ֶלֹו ּׁשּובְ טּובֹו חָ יִינּו הָאָרֶ ץ וְעַ ל הַ ָּמזֹון: With your permission and the permission be blessed by the mouth of all living )המזמן אומר( בָ רּוְך ]בעשרה: אֱֹלהֵ ינּו[ רַחֵ ם נָאה' אֱֹלהֵינּו עַ ל יִׂשְרָאַ ל עַ ֶ ּמָך of our teachers, let us bless [in the things, forever and always, as it is written presence of ten: God] from whom we (Deuteronomy 8:10); “And you shall eat and ׁשֶאָ כַלְ נּו מִ ֶלֹו ּׁשּובְ טּובֹו חָ יִינּו לוְעַ יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם עִירֶ ָך וְעַל צִ ּיֹון מִ ְ ׁשכַ ן have eaten. you shall be satiated and you shall bless the Lord בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, כְבֹודֶ ָך וְעַל מַ לְכּות בֵ ית ָ ּדוִ ד מְ ׁשִיחֶ ָך All those present respond: your God for the good land that God has given Blessed is [our God] from whom we have you.” Blessed are You, Lord, for the land הַ ָןאֶת ּזהָ עֹולָם כֻּלֹובְ טּובֹו בְחֵן בְחֶסֶ ד וְעַל הַבַ יִתהַ גָדֹול וְהַקָ דֹוׁש ֶׁשּנִקְרָ א ׁשִמְ ָך .eaten and from whose goodness we live. and for the nourishment ּובְרַחֲמִים, הּוא נֹותֵ ן לֶחֶ ם לְכָ ל בָ ָ ׂשר כִ י עָלָיו: אֱֹלהֵינּו אָבִ ינּו, רְ עֵ נּוזּונֵנּו פַרְ נְסֵ נּו The leader says: Please have mercy, Lord our God, upon Blessed is [in the presence of ten: our Israel, Your people; and upon Jerusalem, לְעֹולָםחַסְ דֹו. ּובְ טּובֹו הַ גָדֹול ּתָמִ יד לֹא וְכַלְכְלֵנּו וְהַרְ וִיחֵ נּו, וְהַרְ וַח לָנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו God] from whom we have eaten and from Your city; and upon Zion, the dwelling place חָסַר לָ נּו, וְאַ ליֶחְסַ ר לָנּומָ זֹון לְעֹולָ ם מְהֵרָ ה מִכָלצָרֹותֵ ינּו. וְנָא אַ ל ַ ּתצְרִ יכֵ נּו whose goodness we live. of Your Glory; and upon the kings of the House of David, Your appointed one; and וָעֶד. בַעֲ בּור ְמֹו ׁשהַ גָדֹול, כִי הּוא אֵ ל זָן ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו, לֹא לִידֵ י מַ ְ ּתנַת בָ ָ ׂשר וָדָ ם All say: upon the great and holy house that Your ּומְפַרְ נֵס לַ ֹלכ ּומֵטִ יב לַ ֹל,כ ּומֵכִין מָ זֹון וְ לֹא לִידֵ י הַ לְוָאתָ ם, כִי אִ ם לְיָדְ ָך הַ ְ ּמלֵאָ ה ,Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign name is called upon. Our God, tend us - 50 - - 51 - sustain us, provide for us, relieve us and on it for survival and save us on it for life, הַפְתּוחָה הַקְ דֹו ָ ׁשה וְהָרְ חָבָ ה, ֶ ׁשלֹא נֵבֹוׁש הָאֵלאָבִינּו מַ לְכֵנּו אַדִירֵ נּו בֹורְ אֵ נּו גֹואֲ לֵ נּו ,give us quick relief, Lord our God, from all and by the word of salvation and mercy וְ לֹא נִכָלֵם לְעֹולָם וָעֶד. יֹוצְרֵ נּו קְ דֹו ֵנּוקְ ׁשדֹוׁש יַעֲ קֹב רֹועֵנּו רֹועֵ ה of our troubles. And please do not make pity and grace us and have mercy on us and רְ צֵה וְהַחֲ לִ יצֵנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵינּו בְמִ צְֹותֶ יָך יִׂשְרָאַ ל הַ ֶ ּמלֶ ְך הַ טֹוב וְ הַ ּמֵטִ יב לַ כל ׁשֶבְכָ ל us needy, Lord our God, not for the gifts save us, since our eyes are upon You, since of flesh and blood, and not for their loans, You are a graceful and merciful Power. And ּובְמִ צְוַ ת יֹום הַ ּׁשְבִ יעִ י הַ ּׁשַבָת הַ גָדול יֹום וָיֹום הּוא הֵטִ יב, הּוא מֵטִ יב, הּוא ,but rather from Your full, open, holy and may You build Jerusalem, the holy city וְהַקָ דֹוׂש הַ ֶה. כִּז י יֹום זֶה גָדֹול וְקָ דֹוׁש יֵיטִיב לָ נּו. הּוא גְמָ לָנּוהּוא גֹומְ לֵ נּו הּוא ,broad hand, so that we not be embarrassed quickly and in our days. Blessed are You הּוא לְפָ נֶיָך לִ ׁשְבָ ת בֹו וְלָנּוחַ בֹו בְאַהֲבָ ה יִגְמְ לֵנּו לָעַד, ןלְחֵ ּולְחֶסֶ דּולְרַחֲמִ ים ּולְרֶ וַ ח .and we not be ashamed forever and always. Lord, who builds Jerusalem in His mercy On Shabbat, add the following Amen. כְמִ צְוַתרְ צֹונֶָך. ּובִרְ צֹונְָך הָ נִיחַ לָ נּו ה' הַצָלָה וְהַצְלָחָה,בְרָ כָה וִ יׁשּועָ ה נֶחָמָ ה paragraph: Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign May You be pleased to embolden us, Lord of the Universe, the Power, our Parent, our אֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶ ׁשּלֹא תְהֵא הצָרָ וְיָגֹון וַאֲ נָחָ ה פַרְ נָסָ ה וְכַלְכָלָה וְרַחֲמִ ים וְ חַ ִּיים וְ ָ ׁשלֹום ,our God, in your commandments and in Sovereign, our Mighty One, our Creator בְיֹום מְנּוחָתֵ נּו. וְהַרְ אֵנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו וְכָ ל טֹוב, לּומִכָ טּוב לְעֹולָם לעַ יְחַסְרֵ נּו. ,the command of the seventh day, of this our Redeemer, our Shaper, our Holy One great and holy Shabbat, since this day is the Holy One of Ya’akov, our Shepherd , בְ נֶחָמַת צִּיֹון עִירֶ ָךּובְבִ נְיַן יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם עִ יר ןהָרַחֲמָ הּוא יִמְלֹוְך עָלֵינּו לְעֹולָם וָעֶד. great and holy before You, to cease work the Shepherd of Israel, the good Sovereign קָ דְ ֶ ׁשָך כִ י אַ ָה ּתהּוא בַעַלהַ יְׁשּועֹות ּובַעַ ל ןהָרַחֲמָ הּוא יִתְבָרַ ְך בַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. upon it and to rest upon it, with love, , who does good to all, since on every single according to the commandment of Your day God has done good, God does good, הַ ּנֶחָ מֹות. הָרַחֲמָ ן הּוא יִ ְׁש ַבַחּת לְדֹור ּדֹורִ ים, ,will. And with Your will, allow us, Lord God will do good, to us; God has granted us אֱֹלהֵ ינּווֵ אֹלהֵיאֲבֹותֵ ינּו, יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא וְיִתְ פָאַרבָנּו לָעַד ּולְנֵצַ ח נְצָחִ ים, וְיִתְ הַ ַ ּדר our God, that we should not have trouble, God grants us, God will grant us forever - in וְ יַ גִ י עַ וְ יֵ רָ אֶ ה וְ יֵ רָ צֶ ה וְ ִי ָ ּׁשמַ ע וְ יִ פָ קֵ ד וְ ִי ָ ּזכֵ ר בָנּו לָעַדּולְעֹולְמֵ יעֹולָמִים. ןהָרַחֲמָ הּוא and grief and sighing on the day of our grace and in kindness, and in mercy, and rest. And may You show us, Lord our God, in relief - rescue and success, blessing and זִכְ רֹונֵנּוּופִקְ ּדֹונֵנּו, וְזִכְרֹוןאֲבֹותֵ ינּו, וְזִכְ רֹון יְפַרְ נְסֵנּו בְכָבֹוד. הָרַחֲמָ ן הּוא יִ ְׁשבֹור עֻ ֵ ּלנּו the consolation of Zion, Your city; and salvation, consolation, provision and relief מָ ׁשִיחַ בֶ ן ָ ּדוִד עַ בְ ֶ ָך,ּד וְזִכְ רֹון יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם מֵעַ ל צַ ָארֵ נּו,ּו וְהּוא יֹולִיכֵנּוקֹומְמִ ּיּות ;the building of Jerusalem, Your holy city; and mercy and life and peace and all good since You are the Master of salvations and and may we not lack any good ever. עִיר קָ דְ ֶ ׁשָך, וְזִכְרֹון כָ ל עַ ּמְָך בֵ ית יִׂשְרָאַ ל לְאַרְ צֵ נּו. הָרַחֲמָ ן הּוא יִ ְ ׁשלַח לָנּו בְרָ כָ ה the Master of consolations. May the Merciful One reign over us forever לְפָ נֶיָך, לִפְלֵיטָ ה לְ טֹובָה ןלְחֵ ּולְחֶסֶ ד מְרֻ בָה בַבַ יִת הַ ּזֶה, וְעַ ל ֻ ׁשלְחָ ן זֶה ׁשֶאָ כַלְ נּו God and God of our ancestors, may and always. May the Merciful One be there ascend and come and reach and blessed in the heavens and in the earth. ּולְרַחֲמִ ים, לְ חַ ִּיים ּולְ ָ ׁשלֹום בְיֹום חַ ג עָלָ יו. הָרַחֲמָ ן הּוא יִ ְ ׁשלַח לָנּו אֶת אֵ לִ ּיָהּו be seen and be acceptable and be heard May the Merciful One be praised for all הַ ַּמצֹות הַ ֶה ּזזָכְרֵנּו ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּו בֹו לְ טֹובָ ה הַ ּנָבִ יא זָכּור לַ ֹוב, טוִ יבַשֶ ר לָנּו בְ ׂשֹורֹות and be recalled and be remembered - our generations, and exalted among us forever remembrance and our recollection; and the and ever, and glorified among us always ּופָקְדֵ נּו בֹו לִבְרָ כָה וְ הו ִ ׁשיעֵנּו בֹו לְ חַ ִּיים. טֹובֹות יְׁשּועֹות וְנֶחָמֹות. הָרַחֲמָ ן הּוא remembrance of our ancestors; and the and infinitely for all infinities. May the רּובִדְבַ יְׁשּועָה וְרַחֲמִ ים חּוס וְ חָ ּנֵנּו וְרַחֵ ם יְבָרְֵך אֶת בַעֲלִי / אִ שְ ִ ּתי. ןהָרַחֲמָ הּוא remembrance of the messiah, the son of Merciful One sustain us honorably. May David, Your servant; and the remembrance the Merciful One break our yolk from עָלֵינּו וְ הֹו ִיעֵ ׁשנּו, כִי אֵ לֶיָך עֵ ינֵינּו, כִי אֵ ל יְבָרְֵך אֶת ]אָבִי מֹורִ י[ בַעַל הַבַ יִת הַ ֶ ּזה. of Jerusalem, Your holy city; and the upon our necks and bring us upright to מֶ לְֶך חַ ּנּון וְרַ חּום אָ ָ ה.ּת ּובְ נֵה יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם וְאֶ ת ]אִ ִיּמ מֹורָתִי[ בַעֲלַת הַבַ יִת הַ ֶ ּזה, remembrance of all Your people, the house our land. May the Merciful One send us of Israel - in front of You, for survival, for multiple blessing, to this home and upon עִ יר הַ ֹדֶ קׁש הבִמְהֵרָ בְ יָמֵ ינּו. בָ רּוְך אַ ָ ּתה אֹותָ ם וְאֶת בֵיתָ ם וְאֶ ת זַרְ עָם וְאֶ ת כָ ל .good, for grace, and for kindness, and for this table upon which we have eaten ה', בֹונֶה בְרַחֲמָ יו יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם. אָמֵ ן. אֲ ֶר ׁשלָהֶם. אֹותָ נּו וְאֶ ת כָ ל אֲ ֶר ׁשלָ נּו, כְ מֹו mercy, for life and for peace on this day May the Merciful One send us Eliyahu of the Festival of Matsot. Remember us, the prophet - may he be remembered for בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ה',ּת אֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם, ֶׁשּנִתְבָרְ כּו אֲבֹותֵינּו אַבְרָ הָ ם יִצְחָ ק וְיַעֲ קֹב Lord our God, on it for good and recall us good - and he shall announce to us tidings - 52 - - 53 - of good, of salvation and of consolation. בַ ֹכל מִ כֹל ֹל, ככֵ ןיְבָרְֵך אֹותָ נּו כֻ ּלָנּו יַחַ ד /May the Merciful One bless my husband Third Cup of Wine בִבְרָ כָ ה ְ ׁשלֵמָ ה, וְ נֹאמַ ר, אָמֵ ן. בַ ָּמרֹום my wife. May the Merciful One bless [my יְלַ ְדּו ּמעֲלֵיהֶ םוְעָלֵינּו זְכּות ֶׁשּתְהֵ א father, my teacher,] and [my mother, my בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ּתה', אֱלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם בֹורֵ א פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. teacher,] their home and their offspring לְ מִ ׁשְמֶרֶ ת ָ ׁשלֹום. וְנִשָ א בְרָ כָה מֵאֵ ת ה', and everything that is theirs. Us and all Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the universe, who creates ּוצְדָקָה מֵ אֹלהֵ י יִ ְ ׁשעֵ נּו, וְנִמְ צָא חֵ ן וְ ֵ ׂשכֶ ל ,that is ours; as were blessed Abraham Yitschak and Ya’akov, in everything, the fruit of the vine. טֹוב בְעֵ ינֵי אֱֹלהִ ים וְאָדָ ם. בשבת: הָרַחֲמָ ן from everything, with everything, so too .Drink while reclining הּוא יַנְחִ ילֵ נּו יֹום ֶכֻ ׁשּלֹו ׁש ַבָתּומְנּוחָ ה ,should God bless us, all of us together with a complete blessing and we shall say, לְ חַ ֵי הָּי עֹולָמִים. הָרַחֲמָ ןהּוא יַנְחִ ילֵ נּו Amen. From above, may they advocate יֹום ֶכֻ ׁשלֹו טֹוב.]יֹום ֶ כֻלֹוׁש אָ רּוְך. יֹום upon them and upon us merit, that should protect us in peace; and may we carry a Pour Out Thy Wrath ֶׁשצַ ִ ּדיקִ ים יֹוׁשְבִים וְעַטְרֹותֵיהֶם בְרָ אׁשֵיהֶ ם blessing from the Lord and charity from וְנֶהֱ נִים מִ ִּזיו הַ ְ ּׁשכִ ינָה וִיהִי חֶ לְקֵ ינּו the God of our salvation; and find grace and good understanding in the eyes of God Pour the cup of Eliyahu and open the door. עִ ּמָהֶם[. ןהָרַחֲמָ הּוא יְזַכֵנּו לִ ימֹות and man. [On Shabbat, we say: May the ְ ׁשפְֹך חֲמָתְָך אֶ ל־הַ גֹויִם אֲ ֶר ׁשלֹא יְדָ עּוָך וְעַל־מַמְ לָ כֹות אֲ ֶׁשר בְ ִמְ ׁשָך לֹא קָרָ אּו. כִ י הַ ָּמׁש ִיחַ ּולְ חַ ֵיּי הָ עֹולָם הַבָא. מִ גְּדֹול Merciful One give us to inherit the day that will be completely Shabbat and rest אָ כַל אֶ ת־יַעֲ קֹב וְאֶ ת־נָוֵ הּו הֵ ַ ׁשּמּו. ְפָ ׁשְך־עֲלֵיהֶ ם זַעֲמֶ ָךוַחֲרֹון אַפְ ָך יַשִ יגֵ ם. ּתִרְ דֹף בְאַ ף יְׁשּועֹות מַ לְ כֹו וְ עֹׂשֶה חֶסֶ ד לִ מְ ִ ׁשיחֹו לְדָ וִ ד in everlasting life.] May the Merciful One וְ תַ ׁשְמִידֵ ם מִ ּתַחַ ת ׁשְמֵ י ה'. ּולְזַרְ עֹו עַד עֹולָ ם. ע ֶ ׂשה ָ ׁשלֹום בִמְרֹומָ יו, give us to inherit the day that will be all good. May the Merciful One give us merit Pour your wrath upon the nations that did not know You and upon the הּוא יַעֲ ֶ ׂשה ָ ׁשלֹום עָלֵינּו וְעַל כָ ל יִׂשְרָאַ ל for the times of the messiah and for life in kingdoms that did not call upon Your Name. Since they have consumed וְאִמְ רּו, אָמֵ ן. יִרְ אּו אֶת ה' קְ דֹ ָ ׁשיו, כִ י the world to come. A tower of salvations is Ya’akov and laid waste his habitation. Pour out Your fury upon them אֵין מַחְ סֹור לִירֵאָ יו.כְפִירִים רָ ׁשּו וְרָ עֵ בּו, our sovereign; may God do kindness with the messiah, with David and his offspring, and the fierceness of Your anger shall reach them. You shall pursue them וְ דֹרְ ֵיה' ׁשלֹא יַחְסְ רּו כָ ל טֹוב. הֹודּו לַ יי forever. The One who makes peace above, with anger and eradicate them from under the skies of the Lord. כִי טֹוב כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. פ ֹותֵחַ תאֶ יָדֶ ָך, may He make peace upon us and upon all of Israel; and say, Amen. Fear the Lord, ּומַ ְבִ ׂש יעַ לְכָלחַי רָ צֹון. בָרּוְך הַ גֶבֶ ר אֲ ֶ ׁשר God’s holy ones, since there is no lacking יִבְטַח בַ יי, וְהָ יָה ה' מִבְטַ חֹו. נַעַר הָ יִיתִ י for those that fear God. Young lions may go without and hunger, but those that גַם זָקַ נְ ִ ּתי, וְ לֹא רָאִיתִ י צַ ִ ּדיק נֶעֱ זָב, וְזַרְ עֹו .seek the Lord will not lack any good thing מְבַקֶ ׁש לָחֶ ם. יי עֹז לְעַ ּמֹו יִ ֵ ּתן, ה' יְבָרֵ ְך Thank the Lord, since God is good, since God’s kindness is forever. You open Your אֶת עַ ּמֹו בַ ָ ּׁשלֹום. hand and satisfy the will of all living things. Blessed is the man that trusts in the Lord and the Lord is his security. May God give courage to His people. And bless the people with peace. - 54 - - 55 - הַ ּלֵ ל Hallel Pour the fourth cup and complete the out. The pangs of death have encircled me לֹא לָ נּו, ה', לֹא לָ נּו, כִ י לְ ׁשִמְ ָך ֵ ןּת כָבֹוד, מַ ּלְטָ ה נַפְ ִ ׁשי. חַ נּון ה' וְ צַ ִ ּדיק, וֵאֱֹלהֵ ינּו Hallel. and the straits of the Pit have found me עַל חַ סְ ְ ּדָך עַל אֲ מִ ֶּתָך. לָ ָהּמ יֹאמְ רּו מְרַחֵ ם. ׁשֹמֵר פְתָאִ ים ה', ּדַלֹותִ י וְלִ י Not to us, not to us, but rather to Your and I found grief. And in the name of the הַ גֹויִם אַ ֵה ּינָא אֱֹלהֵיהֶ ם. וְאֱֹלהֵ ינּו יְהו ִ ׁשיעַ .ׁשּובִ י נַפְ ִ יׁש לִמְנּוחָ יְכִ י, כִ י ה' ”.name, give glory for your kindness and for Lord I called, “Please Lord, Spare my soul Your truth. Why should the nations say, Gracious is the Lord and righteous, and our בַ ּׁשָמַ יִם, ֹכל אֲ ׁשֶר חָפֵ ץ עָ ָ ׂשה. עֲצַבֵיהֶ ם גָמַל עָלָיְכִ י. כִ י חִ ַּלצְ ָ ּת נַפְ ִׁשי מִ ָ ּמוֶת, אֶ ת Say, where is their God?” But our God God acts mercifully. The Lord watches over“ כֶסֶ ף וְזָהָב מַ עֲ ֵ ׂשה יְדֵי אָדָ ם. פֶה לָהֶ ם עֵ ינִי מִ ן ּדִמְעָה, אֶת רַ גְלִ י מִ ּדֶחִ י. אֶתְהַ לֵ ְך .is in the heavens, all that God wanted, the silly; I was poor and God has saved me God has done. Their idols are silver and Return, my soul to your tranquility, since וְ לֹא יְדַבֵ רּו, עֵ ינַיִם םלָהֶ וְ לֹא יִרְ אּו. לִפְ נֵי ה' בְאַרְ צֹות הַ חַ ּיִים. הֶאֱמַ נְ ִ ּתי כִ י gold, the work of men’s hands. They have the Lord has favored you. Since You have אָ זְנָיִם לָהֶ ם וְ לֹא יִׁשְמָ עּו, אַ ף לָהֶ ם וְ לֹא אֲדַבֵ ר, אֲ נִי עָ נִיתִי מְ אֹד. אֲ נִי אָמַ רְ ִ ּתי a mouth but do not speak; they have rescued my soul from death, my eyes from eyes but do not see. They have ears but tears, my feet from stumbling. I will walk יְרִ יחּון. יְדֵ יהֶ ם וְ לֹא יְמִ יׁשּון, רַ גְלֵיהֶ ם בְחָפְ זִי כָל הָאָדָ ם כזֵֹב. .do not hear; they have a nose but do not before the Lord in the lands of the living וְ לֹא יְהַ ֵ ּלכּו, לׁא יֶהְ גּו בִגְרֹונָם. כְמֹוהֶ ם מָ ה אָ ִ ׁשיב לַ יי כֹל ַ ּתגְמּולֹוהִי עָלָ י. כֹוס smell. Hands, but they do not feel; feet, I have trusted, when I speak - I am very יִהְ יּו עֹׂשֵיהֶ ם, ֹכל אֲ ֶ ׁשר בֹטֵחַ בָהֶ ם. but do not walk; they do not make a peep afflicted. I said in my haste, all men are יְׁשּועֹות אאֶשָ ּובְ ׁשֵם ה' אֶקְרָ א. נְדָרַ י (from their throat. Like them will be their hypocritical. (Psalms 116:1-11 יִׂשְרָאֵל בְטַח בַ יי, עֶ םזְרָ ּומָ גִ ָםּנ הּוא. לַ יי אֲ ַׁשּלֵם נֶגְדָ ה ָא ּנלְכָל עַ ּמֹו. יָקָ ר makers, all those that trust in them. Israel, What can I give back to the Lord for בֵית אַהֲ רֹן בִטְחּו בַ יי, עֶ םזְרָ ּומָ גִ ָּנם trust in the Lord; their help and shield. all that God has favored me? A cup of בְעֵ ינֵי ה' הַ ָ ּמוְתָ ה לַחֲסִידָ יו. אָ ּנָה ה' כִ י House of Aharon, trust in the Lord; their salvations I will raise up and I will call out הּוא. יִרְ אֵיה' בִטְחּו בַ יי, עֶ םזְרָ ּומָ גִ ּנָם אֲ נִי עַ בְ ּדֶָך, אֲ נִי עַ בְ ְ ּדָך בֶן אֲמָתֶ ָך, פִ ַּתחְ ָ ּת help and shield. Those that fear the Lord, in the name of the Lord. My vows to the הּוא. יי זְכָרָ נּו יְבָרֵ ְך. יְבָרְֵך אֶת בֵ ית trust in the Lord; their help and shield. Lord I will pay, now in front of God’s entire לְמֹוסֵרָ י.לְָך אֶ חזְבַ זֶבַח הּתֹודָ ּובְ ֵ ׁשם The Lord who remembers us, will bless; people. Precious in the eyes of the Lord is יִׂשְרָאֵ ל, יְבָרְֵך אֶת בֵית אַהֲ רֹן, יְבָרֵ ְך ה' אֶקְרָ א. נְדָרַ י לַ יי אֲ ַׁשּלֵם נֶגְדָ ה ּנָא ,God will bless the House of Israel; God the death of God’s pious ones. Please Lord יִרְ אֵי ה', הַקְטַ נִים עִם הַ גְדֹלִים. יֹסֵ ף ה' לְכָלעַ ּמֹו. בְחַ צְרֹות בֵית ה', בְתֹוכֵכִ י will bless the House of Aharon. God will since I am Your servant, the son of Your bless those that fear the Lord, the small maidservant; You have opened my chains. עֲלֵיכֶם, עֲלֵיכֶם וְעַל בְ נֵיכֶם. בְרּוכִ ים יְרּושָ לַיִם.הַ לְלּויָּה. ones with the great ones. May the Lord To You will I offer a thanksgiving offering אַ ֶ ּתם לַ יי, עֹ ֵ ׂשה ׁשָמַ יִם וָאָרֶ ץ. הַ ּׁשָמַ יִם הַ ל לְ ּו אֶ ת ה' כָ ל גֹויִם, ׁשַבְחּוהּו כָ ל .bring increase to you, to you and to your and I will call out in the name of the Lord ׁשָמַ יִם לַיי וְהָאָרֶ ץ נָתַ ן לִבְ נֵי אָדָ ם. לֹא children. Blessed are you to the Lord, the My vows to the Lord I will pay, now in front הָ אֻ ִים.ּמ כִי גָבַר עָלֵינּו חַסְ ּדֹו, וֶאֱמֶ ת maker of the heavens and the earth. The of God’s entire people. In the courtyards הַ ֵתִ ּמ יםיְהַ לְלּו יָּה וְ לֹא כָל יֹרְדֵי דּומָ ה. ה' לְעֹולָם. הַ לְלּויָּה.הֹודּו לַיי יכִ טֹוב ,heavens, are the Lord’s heavens, but the of the house of the Lord, in your midst וַאֲ נַחְ נּו נְבָרֵ ְך יָּה מֵ עַ ָ הּת וְעַד עֹולָ ם. (earth He has given to the children of man. Jerusalem. Halleluyah! (Psalms 116:12-19 כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. יֹאמַ ר נָא יִׂשְרָאֵל כִ י ,It is not the dead that will praise the Lord הַ לְלּויָּה. ;Praise the name of the Lord, all nations לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. יֹאמְ רּו נָא בֵית אַהֲ רֹן כִ י and not those that go down to silence. extol God all peoples. Since God’s kindness אָ הַ בְ תִ י כִ י יִׁשְמַע ה' תאֶ קֹולִ י ּתַחֲ נּונָי. But we will bless the Lord from now and has overwhelmed us and the truth of לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. יֹאמְ רּו נָא יִרְ אֵ י ה' כִ י forever. Halleluyah! (Psalms 115) the Lord is forever. Halleluyah! Thank כִי הִטָהאָ זְנֹולִ יּובְ יָמַי אֶקְרָא. אֲפָ פּונִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. I have loved the Lord - since God hears my the Lord, since God is good, since God’s חֶבְלֵי מָ וֶת ּומְ צָרֵ י ׁשְאֹול מְ צָ אּונִי, צָרָ ה ,voice, my supplications. Since God inclined kindness is forever. Let Israel now say מִ ן הַ ֵ ּמצַר קָרָאתִ י ּיָּה, עָ נָנִי בַ ּמֶרְ חַ ב Thank the Lord, since God is good, since“ וְיָגֹון אֶמְ צָ א. ּובְ ׁשֵם ה' אֶקְרָ א: אָ ּנָא ה' His ear to me - and in my days, I will call - 56 - - 57 - His kindness is forever.” Let the House become the main cornerstone. From the יָּה. ה' לִ י, לֹא אִירָ א – מַ ה ּיעֲ ֶ ׂשה לִ י ַ בָ רּוְך הַבָ א בְ ֵ םׁש ה', בֵרַ כְנּוכֶם מִבֵ ית .of Aharon now say, “Thank the Lord, Lord was this, it is wondrous in our eyes אָדָ ם, ה' לִי בְ יעֹזְרָ וַאֲ נִי אֶרְ אֶה בְ ׂשנְאָ י. ה'. בָרּוְך הַבָ א בְ ֵ םׁש ה', בֵרַ כְנּוכֶ ם since God is good, since God’s kindness is This is the day of the Lord, let us exult and טֹוב לַחֲסֹות בַיי מִבְ טֹחַבָאָדָ ם. טֹוב מִבֵית ה'. אֵ ל ה' וַ ָאֶ רּי לָ נּו. אִסְרּו חַ ג ,forever.” Let those that fear the Lord now rejoice upon it. (Psalms 118:21-24)Please say, “Thank the Lord, since God is good, Lord, save us now; please, Lord, give us לַחֲסֹות בַיי מִבְ טֹחַ בִ נְדִ יבִים. כָ ל גֹויִם בַעֲ בֹתִים עַד קַרְ נֹות הַ ִ ּמזְבֵחַ. אֵ ל ה' since God’s kindness is forever.” (Psalms success now! (Psalms 118:25) 117-118:4) סְבָ בּונִי, בְ ֵ ׁשם ה' כִי אֲמִ ילַ ם. סַ בּונִי גַ ם וַ ָאֶר ּילָ נּו. אִסְרּו חַג בַעֲ בֹתִים עַד קַרְ נֹות Blessed be the one who comes in the name From the strait I have called, Lord; God of the Lord, we have blessed you from the סְבָ בּונִי, בְ ֵ ׁשם ה' כִי אֲמִ ילַ ם. סַ בּונִי הַ ִ ּמזְבֵחַ. אֵ לִ י אַ ָה ּתוְאֹודֶ ךָ, אֱֹלהַ י – answered me from the wide space, the house of the Lord. God is the Lord, and has Lord. The Lord is for me, I will not fear, כִ ְבֹרִ ּד ים,ּדֹעֲכּו כְאֵ ׁש קֹוצִ ים, בְ ֵ ׁשם אֲרֹומְמֶ ךָ. אֵ לִ י אַ ָה ּתוְאֹודֶ ךָ, אֱֹלהַ י – illuminated us; tie up the festival offering what will a human do to me? The Lord is ה' כִי אֲמִ ילַ ם. ָ ּדחֹה ּדְחִיתַ נִי לִ נְפֹל, וַ יי אֲרֹומְמֶ ךָ. הֹודּו לַייכִ יטֹוב, כִי לְעֹולָ ם with ropes until it reaches the corners of the for me with my helpers, and I shall glare altar. You are my Power and I will Thank עֲ זָרָ נִי. עָ ִי ּזוְזִמְרָ תיָּה יוַיְהִ לִי לִ יׁשּועָ ה. חַסְ ּדֹו. הֹודּו לַייכִ יטֹוב, כִי לְעֹולָ ם at those that hate me. It is better to take You; my God and I will exalt You. Thank refuge with the Lord than to trust in a קֹול רִ ָה ּנוִ יׁשּועָה בְאָהֳ לֵ י צַ ִ ּדיקִ ים: יְמִ ין סְחַ ּד ֹו . the Lord, since God is good, since God’s human. It is better to take refuge with kindness is forever.(Psalms 118:26-29) ה' עֹׂשָה חָ יִל, יְמִין ה' רֹומֵמָ ה, יְמִ ין ה' יְהַ לְ לּוָך ה' אֱֹלהֵינּו כָל מַ עֲ ֶ ׂשיָך, וַחֲסִידֶ יָך the Lord than to trust in nobles. All the עֹׂשָה חָ יִל. לֹא אָ מּות כִי אֶחְ יֶה, וַאֲסַפֵ ר nations surrounded me - in the name of All of your works shall praise You, Lord צַ ִ ּדיקִ ים עֹו ֵי ׂשרְ צֹונֶָך, וְכָ ל עַ ּמְָך בֵ ית the Lord, as I will chop them off. They our God, and your pious ones, the righteous מַ עֲ ֵ ׂשי יָּה. יַסֹר יִסְרַ נִי ּיָּה, וְ לַ ָ ּמוֶ ת לֹא יִׂשְרָאֵל בְרִ נָה יֹודּו וִ יבָרְ כּו, וִ יׁשַבְ חּו surrounded me, they also encircled me - in ones who do Your will; and all of Your נְתָ נָנִי. פִתְ חּו לִ י ַ ׁשעֲרֵ י צֶדֶק, אָ בֹא בָ ם, וִ יפָאֲ רּו,וִירֹומְ מּו וְיַעֲרִ יצּו, וְיַקְ ִ ּדיׁשּו the name of the Lord, as I will chop them people, the House of Israel will thank and off. They surrounded me like bees, they bless in joyful song: and extol and glorify, האֹודֶ יָּה. זֶה הַ ַ ּׁשעַר לַ יי, צַ ִ ּדיקִ ים יָבֹאּו וְיַמְ לִיכּו אֶ ת ִמְָך, ׁשמַ לְכֵ נּו. כִי לְ ָך טֹוב were extinguished like a fire of thorns - in and exalt and acclaim, and sanctify and בֹו. לְ הֹודותֹ ּולְ ִמְ ׁש ָךנָאֶ הלְזַּמֵ ר, כִי מֵ עֹולָ ם ,the name of the Lord, as I will chop them coronate Your name, our Sovereign . Since off. You have surely pushed me to fall, You it is good to thank, and to Your name אֹודְ ָך כִי עֲ נִיתָ נִי ַו ְהִ יּתלִי לִ יׁשּועָ ה. אֹודְ ָך וְעַד עֹולָ ם אַ ּתָה אֵ ל. but the Lord helped me. My boldness and it is pleasant to sing, since from always and כִי עֲ נִיתָ נִי וַ ְהִי ּתלִי לִ יׁשּועָה. אֶבֶן מָאֲ סּו .song is the Lord, and God has become my forever are you the Power הֹודּולַיי כִ י טֹובכִי לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. הֹודּו salvation. The sound of happy song and Thank the Lord, since God is good, since הַ בֹונִים הָ יְתָ ה לְ ראׁש פִ ּנָה. אֶבֶן מָאֲ סּו לֵ אלהֵי הָאֱלהִיםכִי לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. הֹודּו salvation is in the tents of the righteous, God’s kindness is forever. Thank the הַ בֹונִים הָ יְתָ ה לְ ראׁש פִ ּנָה. מֵאֵ ת ה' לָאֲ דֹנֵי הָאֲ דֹנִיםכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. לְ עֹ ֵ ׂשה the right hand of the Lord acts powerfully. Power of powers since God’s kindness is I will not die but rather I will live and tell forever. To the Master of masters, since הָ יְתָ הּזֹאת הִ יא נִפְלָאת בְעֵ ינֵינּו. מֵאֵ ת נִפְלָאֹותגְדֹלֹות לְבַּדֹוכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. over the acts of the Lord. The Lord has God’s kindness is forever. To the One who ה' הָ יְתָ הּזֹאת הִ יא נִפְלָאת בְעֵ ינֵינּו. זֶה לְ עֹ ֵׂשה הַ ָמַ ּׁש יִםבִתְ בּונָה כִי לְעֹולָ ם surely chastised me, but He has not given alone does wondrously great deeds, since הַּיֹום עָׂשָ ה ה'. נָגִילָה וְ נִׂש הְמְחָ בֹו. זֶה me over to death. Open up for me the gates God’s kindness is forever. To the one who חַסְ ּדֹו. לְרֹוקַע הָאָרֶ ץ עַ ל הַ ָ ּמיִם כִ י of righteousness; I will enter them, thank made the Heavens with discernment, since הַּיֹום עָׂשָ ה ה'. נָגִילָה וְ נִׂש הְמְחָ בֹו. לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. לְ עֹ ֵהׂש אֹורִ ים גְדֹלִים כִ י the Lord. This is the gate of the Lord, the God’s kindness is forever. To the One who אָ ָ נ א ה', הֹושִ יעָ ה ָּנא. אָ ָאּנ ה', הֹושִ יעָ ה לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. אֶ ת הַ ּׁשֶמֶ ׁש לְמֶ מְ ֶ ׁשלֶ ת righteous will enter it. (Psalms 118:5-20) spread the earth over the waters, since I will thank You, since You answered me God’s kindness is forever. To the One who ָּנא. אָ ּנָא ה', הַצְלִיחָ ה נָא. אָ ּנָא ה', בַּיֹום כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. אֶ ת הַ ּיָרֵחַ and You have become my salvation. The made great lights, since God’s kindness is הַצְלִיחָ ה נָא. וְכֹוכָבִים לְמֶ מְ ְׁשלֹות בַ ּלַיְלָה כִי לְעֹולָ ם stone that was left by the builders has forever. The sun to rule in the day, since - 58 - God’s kindness is forever. The moon and - 59 - the stars to rule in the night, since God’s provider, and merciful one in every time of חַסְ ּדֹו. לְמַכֵה מִ צְרַ יִם בִבְכֹורֵ יהֶם בְ כִירֹ ב הַ ִּתׁשְבָחֹות, הַמְ נַהֵ געֹולָ מֹו ,kindness is forever. To the One that smote distress and anguish; we have no Sovereign לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. וַ יֹוצֵ א יִׂש ְרָאֵלמִּתֹוכָ ם בְחֶסֶ דּובְרִּיֹותָיו בְרַחֲמִ ים. וַ יי לֹא יָנּום Egypt through their firstborn, since besides You! God of the first ones and the כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו.בְ יָד חֲ זָקָ הּובִ זְרֹועַ וְלא יִי ָׁשן – הַ ּמְעֹורֵ ר יְ ֵ ׁשנִים וְ הַ ּמֵקִ יץ God’s kindness is forever. And God took last ones, God of all creatures, Master of Israel out from among them, since God’s all Generations, Who is praised through נְטּויָה כִי לְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. לְ גֹזֵר יַם סּוף נִרְ ּדָמִ ים, וְ הַ ֵּמׂשִיחַ אִ ּלְמִ ים וְ הַ ַּמ ִ ּתיר kindness is forever. With a strong hand a multitude of praises, Who guides God’s לִגְזָרִ יםכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. וְהֶֶעֱבִ יר אֲסּורִ ים וְ הַ סֹומְֵך נֹופְלִים וְהַּזֹוקֵ ף and an outstretched forearm, since God’s world with kindness and God’s creatures kindness is forever. To the One who cut with mercy. The Lord neither slumbers nor יִ ְרָאֵלׂש בְתֹוכֹו כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. וְנִעֵ ר כְפּופִים. לְָך לְ בַ ְָך ּדאֲ נַחְנּו מֹודִ ים. up the Reed Sea into strips, since God’s sleeps. The One who rouses the sleepers פַרְ עֹהוְחֵילֹו בְ יַםסּוף כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. kindness is forever. And God made Israel and awakens the dozers; he One who makes אִּל ּו פִינּו מָ לֵ א ׁשִירָ ה כַ ָם, ּיּולְׁשֹונֵנּו רִ ּנָה to pass through it, since God’s kindness is the mute speak, and frees the captives, and לְמֹולִיְך עַ ּמֹו בַ ּמִדְבָר כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. כֲהַ מֹון גַ ָ ּליו, וְ ִ ׂשפְתֹותֵ ינּו ׁשֶבַח כְמֶרְ חֲבֵ י forever. And God jolted Pharaoh and his supports the falling, and straightens the לְמַכֵהמְ לָכִים גְדֹלִיםכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. רָ קִ יעַ, וְעֵ ינֵינּו מְאִ ירֹות כַ ּׁשֶמֶ ׁש וְ כַ ּיָרֵחַ , .troop in the Reed Sea, since God’s kindness bent. We thank You alone וַּיַהֲ רֹג מְ לָכִ ים אַ ִירִ ּד יםכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. ,is forever. To the One who led his people Were our mouth as full of song as the sea וְיָדֵ ינּו פְרּוׂשות כְ נִׂשְרֵ י ׁשָמַ יִם, וְרַ גְלֵ ינּו in the wilderness, since God’s kindness is and our tongue as full of joyous song as לְסִיחֹוןמֶ לְֶך הָאֱ מֹרִ י כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. קַ ּלֹות כָ אַ ּיָלֹות – אֵין אֲ נַחְנּו מַסְפִ יקִ ים forever. To the One who smote great kings, its multitude of waves, and our lips as full ּולְעֹוג מֶ לְֶך הַ בָ ָן ׁשכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. ,since God’s kindness is forever. And God of praise as the breadth of the heavens לְהֹודֹות לְָך, ה'אֱלהֵ ינּווֵ אֹלהֵיאֲבֹותֵ ינּו, killed mighty kings, since God’s kindness and our eyes as sparkling as the sun and וָנָתַן אַרְ צָם לְנַחֲ לָה כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. ּולְבָרְֵך אֶ ת ׁשִמְָך עַל אַחַת מֵאֶ לֶף, אַ לְפֵ י is forever. Sichon, king of the Amorite, the moon, and our hands as outspread as נַחֲ לָה לְ יִׂש ְרָאֵל עַבְדּוכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. אֲ לָפִים וְרִ בֵי רְ בָבֹות פְעָמִ ים הַ טֹובֹות since God’s kindness is forever. And Og, the eagles of the sky and our feet as swift king of the Bashan, since God’s kindness as deer - we still could not thank You ֶׁשבְ ִ ׁשפְלֵנּו זָכַר לָנּוכִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. ֶׁשעָ ִיתָׂש עִםאֲבֹותֵ ינּו וְ עִ ָ ּמנּו. מִ ִ ּמצְרַ ים is forever. And God gave their land as an sufficiently, Lord our God and God of our וַיִפְרְקֵנּומִ צָרֵ ינּו כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. נֹתֵ ן גְאַ לְ ָ נּו,ּת ה' אֱלהֵ ינּו, ּומִבֵית עֲבָדִ ים inheritance, since God’s kindness is forever. ancestors, and to bless Your Name for one לֶחֶ ם לְכָ ל בָ ָרכִי ׂשלְעֹולָם חַסְ ּדֹו. הֹודּו An inheritance for Israel, God’s servant, thousandth of the thousand of thousands פְדִיתָ נּו, בְרָ עָ ב זַנְ ָ ּתנּו ּובְ ׂשָבָע כִלְכַ לְ ָ ּתנּו, since God’s kindness is forever. That in our of thousands, and myriad myriads, of לְאֵ ל הַ ָמַ ּׁשיִם כִי לְעֹולָםחַסְ ּדֹו. מֵחֶרֶב הִצַ לְ ָּתנּו ּומִ ּדֶבֶ ר מִ ַּלטְ ָ ּתנּו, lowliness, God remembered us, since God’s goodness that You performed for our kindness is forever. And God delivered us ancestors and for us. From Egypt, Lord our ִ נ שְ מַ ת כָל חַ י ּתְבַרְֵך אֶ ת ׁשִמְ ָך, ה' ּומֵחָ לָיִם רָ עִים וְנֶאֱמָ נִים ִּדּלִיתָ נּו. from our adversaries, since God’s kindness God, did you redeem us and from the house אֱֹלהֵ ינּו, וְרּוחַ כָ ל בָ ָ ׂשר ְ ּת פָאֵרּותְרֹומֵ ם עַ ד הֵ ָהעֲ ּנ זָרּונּורַחֲמֶ יָך וְ לֹא עֲ זָבּונּו is forever. God’s gives bread to all flesh, of slaves you restored us. In famine You since God’s kindness is forever. Thank the nourished us, and in plenty you sustained זִכְרְ ָך,מַ לְכֵ נּו, תָמִ יד. מִן הָ עֹולָם וְעַ ד חֲסָדֶ יָך, וְאַ ל ִּתטְ ֵ ׁשנּו, ה' אֱלהֵ ינּו, לָנֶצַ ח. Power of the heavens, since God’s kindness us. From the sword you saved us, and from הָ עֹולָ ם אַ ָה אֵּת ל,ּומִבַלְעָדֶיָך אֵ ין לָ נּו עַל כֵן אֵבָרִ ים ֶׁשפִ ַּלגְ ָ ּתבָנּו וְרּוחַ ּונְׁשָמָ ה is forever. (Psalms 136) plague you spared us; and from severe and מֶ לֶ ְך ג ֹואֵלּומֹושִ יעַ , פֹודֶה ּומַ צִ יל .The soul of every living being shall bless enduring diseases you delivered us ֶׁשּנָפַ חְ ָ ּתבְאַפֵינּו וְלָ ׁשֹון אֲ ֶ ׁשר ַׂשמְ ָ ּת Your Name, Lord our God; the spirit Until now Your mercy has helped us, and ּומְפַרְ נֵס ּומְרַחֵם בְכָל עֵת צָרָ ה בְפִינּו– הֵן הֵ ם יֹודּו וִ יבָרְ כּו וִ יׁשַבְ חּו of all flesh shall glorify and exalt Your Your kindness has not forsaken us; and וְצּוקָה. אֵ ין לָנּו מֶ לֶ ְך אֶ ָּלא אַ ָ ּתה. וִ יפָאֲ רּו וִירֹומְ מּו וְיַעֲרִ יצּו וְיַקְ ִ ּדיׁשּו .remembrance always, our Sovereign. From do not abandon us, Lord our God, forever the world and until the world, You are the Therefore, the limbs that You set within us אֱלהֵיהָרִ אׁשֹונִים וְהָאַחֲ רֹונִים, אֱ לֹו ַ ּה וְיַמְ לִיכּו אֶ ת ִמְָךׁש מַ לְכֵ נּו. כִי כָל פֶה לְ ָך Power, and other than You we have no and the spirit and soul that You breathed כָל בְרִ ּיֹות, אֲדוׁן כָלּתֹולָ דֹות, הַ ְּמהֻ ָ ּלל יֹודֶ ה,וְכָל לָׁשֹון לְ ָך ִּתּׁשָבַע, וְכָלבֶרֶ ְך לְ ָך king, redeemer, or savior, restorer, rescuer, into our nostrils, and the tongue that You - 60 - - 61 - placed in our mouth - verily, they shall joyous song will Your name be glorified, our תִ כְרַ ע, וְכָ ל הקֹומָ לְפָ נֶיָך ִת ְׁשּתַחֲ וֶ ה, וְכָ ל ִ י שְ תַ בַ ח ִמְ ָךׁש לעַד מַ לְכֵ נּו, הָאֵל הַמֶ לֶ ְך thank and bless and praise and glorify, Sovereign, in each and every generation; as לְבָ בֹותיִירָ אּוָך, וְכָל בקֶרֶ ּוכְלָּיֹות יְזַ ֵ ּמרּו הַ גָדֹול וְהַקָ דֹוׁש בַ ָמַ ּׁש יִםּובָאָרֶ ץ, כִי לְ ָך ,and exalt and revere, and sanctify and it is the duty of all creatures, before You לִשְמֶ ָך. כַ ּדָבָ ר ֶ ׁשכָ תּוב, כָל עַצְ מֹתַ י נָאֶה, ה' אֱֹלהֵ ינּווֵ אֹלהֵיאֲבֹותֵ ינּו, ִ ׁשיר ,coronate Your name, our Sovereign. For Lord our God, and God of our ancestors every mouth shall offer thanks to You; to thank, to praise, to extol, to glorify, to ּתֹאמַרְ נָה,ה' מִי כָּמֹוָך מַ צִיל עָ נִי מֵחָ זָק ּוׁשְבָחָ ה, הַ ֵלּל וְזִמְרָ ה, עֹז ּומֶ מְ ָ ׁשלָ ה, and every tongue shall swear allegiance exalt, to lavish, to bless, to raise high and to מִ ֶ ּמנּו וְעָ נִי וְאֶבְ יֹון מִ גזְלֹו. מִ י יִדְמֶ ה נֶצַח, גְדֻ ָה ּלּוגְבּורָ ה, ְּתהִ ּלָה וְתִ פְאֶרֶ ת, to You; and every knee shall bend to You; acclaim - beyond the words of the songs and and every upright one shall prostrate praises of David, the son of Yishai, Your ְָךּל ּומִ י יִ ְ ׁשוֶ ה ְָך ּלּומִ ייַעֲ רְֹך לְָך הָאֵ ל קְ דֻ ָה ּומַּׁש לְכּות, בְרָ כֹות וְהֹודָ אֹות .themselves before You; all hearts shall servant, Your anointed one הַ גָדֹול, הַ גִ בֹור וְהַּנֹורָא, אֵל עֶלְיֹון, קנֵה מֵ עַ ָ הּת וְעַד עֹולָם. בָ רּוְך אַ ּתָה ה', אֵ ל fear You; and all innermost feelings and May Your name be praised forever, our ׁשָמַ יִם וָאָרֶ ץ. נְהַ ּלֶלְ ָך ּונְׁשַבֵחֲ ָךּונְפָאֶרְ ָך מֶ לְֶך גָדֹול בַ ִּתׁשְבָחֹות, אֵלהַהֹודָ אֹות, thoughts shall sing praises to Your name, Sovereign, the Power, the Great and holy as the matter is written (Psalms 35:10), Sovereign - in the heavens and in the earth. ּונְבָרְֵך אֶ ת ׁשֵם קָ דְ ֶ ׁשָך, כָאָ מּור: לְדָ וִ ד, אֲדֹון הַ נִפְלָ אֹות, הַ בֹוחֵ ר בְ ׁשִירֵ י זִמְרָ ה, All my bones shall say, ‘Lord, who is like Since for You it is pleasant - O Lord our“ בָרְ כִ י נַפְ ׁשִי אֶ ת ה' וְכָל קְרָ בַי אֶ ת ֵ ׁשם מֶ לְֶך אֵל חֵי הָ עֹולָמִ ים. You? You save the poor man from one who God and God of our ancestors - song and is stronger, the poor and destitute from the lauding, praise and hymn, boldness and קָדְ ׁשֹו. הָאֵל בְתַעֲצֻ מֹות עֻ ּזֶָך, הַ גָדֹול ,one who would rob him.’” Who is similar dominion, triumph, greatness and strength בִכְ בֹוד ׁשְמֶָך, הַ גִ בֹור לָנֶצַחוְהַּנֹורָ א ,to You and who is equal to You and who psalm and splendor, holiness and kingship can be compared to You, O great, strong blessings and thanksgivings, from now בְנֹורְאֹותֶ יָך, הַ ֶ ּמלְֶך הַ ּיוׁ ֵ ׁשב עַל כִסֵא רָ ם ,and awesome Power, O highest Power, and forever. Blessed are You Lord, Power וְנִשִ ֹא. ׁשֹוכֵן עַ ד ָ ּמרֹום וְקָ דֹוׁש ְ ׁשּמֹו. Creator of the heavens and the earth. We Sovereign exalted through praise, Power shall praise and extol and glorify and bless of thanksgivings, Master of Wonders, who וְכָ תּוב: רַ ְּננּו צַ ִ ּדיקִים בַ יי, לַ יְׁשָרִ ים נָאוָ ה ,Your holy name, as it is written (Psalms chooses the songs of hymn - Sovereign תְ הִ ּלָה. בְפִ י יְׁשָרִ ים ּתִתְ הַ ָ ּלל, ּובְדִבְרֵ י A Psalm] of David. Bless the Power of the life of the worlds.holiness] “ ,(103:1 צַ ִ ּדיקִ ים ִּתתְ ָרַ ב ְך,ּובִלְׁשֹון חֲסִידִ ים ,Lord, O my soul; and all that is within and kingship, blessings and thanksgivings me, His holy name.” The Power, in Your from now and forever. Blessed are You ּתִתְרֹומָ ם, ּובְקֶרֶב קְ דו ִ ׁשים ּתִתְ קַ ָ ּדׁש. powerful boldness; the Great, in the glory Lord, Power, King exalted through of Your name; the Strong One forever; laudings, Power of thanksgivings, Master of ּובְמַקְהֲ לֹות רִ בְ בֹות עַ ּמְָך בֵ ית יִׂשְרָאֵ ל - the Sovereign who sits on God’s high and Wonders, who chooses the songs of hymn בְ רִ ּנָה יִתְ פָאֵ ר ִמְָך,ׁש מַ לְכֵ נּו, בְכָ לּדֹור .elevated throne. God who dwells always; King, Power of the life of the worlds lofty and holy is His name. And as it is וָדֹור, ֶכֵן ׁשחֹובַת כָל הַ יְצּורִ ים לְפָ נֶיָך, ה' written (Psalms 33:10), “Sing joyfully אֱלהֵ ינּו וֵ אֹלהֵי אֲבֹותֵ ינּו, לְהֹודֹות לְ הַ ֵ ּלל to the Lord, righteous ones, praise is beautiful from the upright.” By the mouth לְ ׁש ,ַבֵחַ רלְפָאֵ לְרֹומֵ ם לְ הַ ֵ רּד לְבָרֵ ְך, of the upright You shall be praised; By the לְ עַ ֵהּל ּולְ קַ ּלֵס עַל כָ ל ּדִבְרֵ י ִׁשירֹות ;lips of the righteous shall You be blessed By the tongue of the devout shall You be וְ תִ ׁשְבְחֹות ּדוִד בֶ ן יִ ַ ׁשי עַ בְ ְּדָך מְ ׁשִיחֶ ָך. exalted; And among the holy shall You be sanctified. And in the assemblies of the myriads of Your people, the House of Israel, in - 62 - - 63 - ִ נ רְ ָ צ ה - Fourth Cup of Wine Nirtzah בָ רּוְך אַ ָה ּתה’, אֱלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָ ם בֹורֵ א פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. חֲסַל סִּדּור חפֶסַ כְהִ לְכָ תֹו, כְכָ ל מִ ְ ׁשפָטֹו וְחֻקָ תֹו. כַ אֲ ֶ רׁש זָכִינּו לְ סַ ֵר ּדאֹותֹו כֵן נִזְכֶ ה Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the universe, who creates the fruit לַעֲ ׂשֹותֹו. זְָך ׁשֹוכֵן מְ עֹונָה, קֹומֵם קְהַל עֲדַת מִי מָ נָה. בְקָ רֹוב נַהֵ ל נִטְעֵ י כַ ָהּנ פְ דּויִם .of the vine לְצִּיֹון בְ רִ ּנָה. .Drink while reclining to the left and recite the after blessing The order of the seder of Passover has now been completed according בָ רּוך אַ ָהה’ ּתאֱֹלהֵינּו מֶ לְֶך הָ עֹולָם, עַל הַ גֶפֶן וְעַל פְרִ י הַ גֶפֶן, עַ ל ְ ּתנּובַת הַשָדֶ ה וְעַ ל to the Law. Just as we merited to do it, so may we merit bringing אֶרֶ ץ חֶ מְ ָה ּדטֹובָה ּורְ חָבָ ה ׁשֶרָ צִיתָ וְהִ נְחַ לְ ָ ּתלַאֲבֹותֵ ינּו לֶאֱכֹול מִפִרְ יָּה וְ לִ ְׂשבֹעַ מִ טּובָ ּה. the sacrifice. Pure One who dwells in the habitation, raise up the רַחֶ ם נָאה’ אֱֹלהֵינּו עַ ל יִׂשְרָאֵ ל עַ ֶ ָךּמ לוְעַ יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם עִירֶ ָך וְעַל צִ ּיֹון מִ ְ ׁש כַןכְבֹודֶ ָך וְעַ ל congregation of the community, which none can count. Bring close, lead .the plantings of the sapling, redeemed, to Zion in joy מִ זְבְחֶ ָך וְעַל הֵיכָלֶ ָךּובְ נֵה יְרּו ָ ׁשלַיִם עִ יר הַ ֹדֶׁש קבִמְהֵרָ הבְ יָמֵ ינּו וְהַעֲלֵנּו לְתֹוכָ ּה וְ ַׂשּמְחֵ נּו בְבִ נְיָנָּה וְ נֹאכַל מִפִרְ יָּה וְ נִׂשְבַ ע מִ טּובָ ּהּונְבָרֶ כְָך עָלֶיהָ בִקְ דֻ ָה ׁש הּובְטָהֳרָ ]בשבת: ּורְ צֵ ה L’Shana HaBaa וְהַחֲ לִ יצֵנּו בְ יֹום הַ ׁשַבָ ת הַ ֶּזה[ וְ ַׂשּמְחֵנּו בְיֹום חַ ג הַ ַּמצֹות הַ ּזֶה, כִ י אַ ָה ּתה’ טֹוב ּומֵטִ יב לַ כֹל, וְנֹודֶ ה ּלְָך עַל הָאָרֶ ץ וְעַל פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. לְ ָ ׁש נָה הַבָאָהבִירּושָ לָיִם הַבְ נּויָה. בָ רּוְך אַ ָ ּתה ה’, עַל הָאָרֶ ץ וְעַל פְרִ י הַ גָפֶ ן. Blessed are You, Lord our God, Sovereign of the universe, for the vine and for Next year, let us be in the built Jerusalem! the fruit of the vine; and for the bounty of the field; and for a desirable, good and broad land, which You wanted to give to our ancestors, to eat from its fruit and to be satiated from its goodness. Please have mercy, Lord our God upon Israel Your people; and upon Jerusalem, Your city: and upon Zion, the dwelling place of Your glory; and upon Your altar; and upon Your sanctuary; and build Jerusalem Your holy city quickly in our days, and bring us up into it and gladden us in its building; and we shall eat from its fruit, and be satiated from its goodness, and bless You in holiness and purity. [On Shabbat: And may you be pleased to strengthen us on this Shabbat day] and gladden us on this day of the Festival of Matsot. Since You, Lord, are good and do good to all, we thank You for the land and for the fruit of the vine. Blessed are You, Lord, for the land and for the fruit of the vine

- 64 - - 65 - אַדִ יר הּוא אַ ִיר ּדהּוא יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, Mighty is God, may He build A restorer is God, righteous is His house soon. Quickly, He, holy is He. Quickly, quickly, בִמְהֵרָ ה,בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. ,quickly, in our days, soon. God in our days, soon. God build אֵל בְ נֵה, אֵל בְ נֵה, בְ נֵה בֵיתְ ָך פֹודֶ ה הּוא, צַ ִיק ּדהּוא, קָ דֹוׁש build, God build, build Your God build, build Your בְקָ רֹוב. הּוא יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, .house soon. house soon בָחּור הּוא, גָדֹול הּוא, ָ ּדגּול הּוא בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, Chosen is God, great is He, Merciful is God, the Omnipotent noted is He. Quickly, quickly, in is He, dynamic is He. Quickly, יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. our days, soon. God build, God quickly, in our days, soon. God בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, רַ חּום הּוא, ַׁשַ יּד הּוא, ּתַקִ יף build, build Your house soon. build, God build, build Your אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. הּוא יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, .Splendid is God, distinguished house soon הָ דּור הּוא, וָתִ יק הּוא, זַכַ אי הּוא בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, .is He, meritorious is He Quickly, quickly, in our days, יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. ,soon. God build, God build בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, .build Your house soon אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. ,Pious is God, pure is He חָסִיד הּוא, טָ הֹור הּוא, יָחִ יד ,unique is He. Quickly, quickly in our days, soon. God build, הּוא יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, God build, build Your בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, .house soon אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. Powerful is God, wise is He, A כַבִיר הּוא, לָמּודהּוא, מֶ לֶ ְך הּוא king is He. Quickly, quickly, in our days, soon. God build, God יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, .build, build Your house soon בִמְהֵרָ ה,בְ יָמֵינּו בְקָ רֹוב. אֵל בְ נֵה, ,Awesome is God, exalted is He אֵל בְ נֵה,בְ נֵהבֵיתְָך בְקָ רֹוב. ,heroic is He. Quickly, quickly נֹורָא הּוא,סַ גִ יבהּוא, עִ ּזּוז הּוא ,in our days, soon. God build God build, build Your יִבְ נֶהבֵיתֹו בְקָ רֹוב. בִמְהֵרָ ה, .house soon - 66 - - 67 - אחד מי יודע אֶחָד מִייֹודֵ עַ? אֶחָד אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : ׁשִבְעָה מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ׁשִבְעָה אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : ,Who knows one? I know one: seven are the days of the week One is our God in the heavens six are the orders of the Mishnah, אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. ִ ׁשבְ עָ ה ְ י מֵ י ַ ׁשבָ תָ א , ִׁש ָ ּׁשה סִ דְ רֵ י ,and the earth. five are the books of the Torah ְ ׁשנַיִם מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ְ ׁשנַיִם אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : מִ ְ ׁשנָה, חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָ ה, Who knows two? I know two: four are the mothers, three are the two are the tablets of the fathers, two are the tablets of the ְ ׁש נֵילֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית. אֶחָד אֱֹלהֵ ינּו אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשלׁשָה אָ בֹות, covenant, One is our God in the covenant, One is our God in the ֶ ׁש ַב מַ ָ ּׁש ִ י ם ּו בָ אָ רֶ ץ . ְ נֵיׁש לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו .heavens and the earth. heavens and the earth ְׁש ֹל ׁשָ המִ י י ֹו דֵ עַ ? ְׁש ֹל ׁשָ האֲ ִ נ י י ֹו דֵ עַ : ֶ ׁש ַב מַ ָ ּׁש ִ י ם ּו בָ אָ רֶ ץ . :Who knows three? I know three: Who knows eight? I know eight three are the fathers, two are the eight are the days of circumcision, ְׁשֹל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, ְ ׁשמֹונָה מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ְ ׁשמֹונָה אֲ נִי ,tablets of the covenant, One is seven are the days of the week אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. יֹודֵ עַ : ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵי מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה ,our God in the heavens and six are the orders of the Mishnah the earth. five are the books of the Torah, אַרְ בַע מִייֹודֵ עַ? אַרְ בַע אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : יְמֵ י ׁשַבָתָ א, ִׁשּׁשָה סִדְרֵ י מִ ְ ׁשנָה, Who knows four? I know four: four are the mothers, three are the אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע four are the mothers, three are fathers, two are the tablets of the ְ נֵיׁש לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻ חֹות the fathers, two are the tablets of covenant, One is our God in the the covenant, One is our God in heavens and the earth. ֶ ׁש ַב מַ ָ ּׁש ִ י ם ּו בָ אָ רֶ ץ . הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם :the heavens and the earth. Who knows nine? I know nine חֲ מִ ָהּׁש מִי יֹודֵ עַ? חֲ מִ ּׁשָה אֲ נִי ּו בָ אָ רֶ ץ . ,Who knows five? I know five: nine are the months of birth יֹודֵ עַ: חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע ִּת ְ ׁשעָה מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ִּת ְ ׁשעָה אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : ,five are the books of the Torah, eight are the days of circumcision four are the mothers, three are seven are the days of the week, אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻ חֹות ִּת ְ ׁשעָ ה יַרְ חֵ י לֵדָ ה, ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵ י ,the fathers, two are the tablets of six are the orders of the Mishnah הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה יְמֵ י ׁשַבָתָ א, ִׁש ָּׁשה ,the covenant, One is our God in five are the books of the Torah the heavens and the earth. four are the mothers, three are the ּו בָ אָ רֶ ץ . סִדְרֵ י מִ ְ ׁשנָה, חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵ ׁשי Who knows six? I know six: six fathers, two are the tablets of the ׁשִשָה מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ׁשִשָה אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשֹל ָ ׁשה are the orders of the Mishnah, covenant, One is our God in the ִׁש ָ ּׁשה סִ דְ רֵ י ִמ ְ ׁש ָ נ ה , חֲ ִמ ָּׁש ה אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָ ד .five are the books of the Torah, heavens and the earth four are the mothers, three are Who knows ten? I know ten: ten חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָּמהֹות, אֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. the fathers, two are the tablets of are the statements, nine are the ְׁשֹל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, עֲשָ ֹרָ ה מִייֹודֵ עַ? עֲשָ ֹרָה אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : the covenant, One is our God in months of birth, eight are the the heavens and the earth. days of circumcision, seven are אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. עֲ ׂשָרָה דִבְרַ יָא, ִּת ְ ׁשעָ ה יַרְ חֵ י לֵדָ ה, Who knows seven? I know seven: the days of the week, six are the - 68 - - 69 - ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵי מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה יְמֵ י עָ ָרׂש אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : ׁשלׁשה עָ ָ ׂשר ְָ orders of the Mishnah, five are characteristics, twelve are the the books of the Torah, four tribes, eleven are the stars, ten ַ ׁשבָ תָ א , ִׁש ָ ּׁשה סִ דְ רֵ י ִמ ְ ׁש ָ נ ה , חֲ ִמ ָּׁש ה מִ ַּדּיָא. ְ ׁשנֵים עָ ָ ׂשר ׁשִבְ טַ ּיָא, אַחַ ד are the mothers, three are the are the statements, nine are the חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָּמהֹות, עָ ָ ׂשר כֹוכְ בַ ָּיא, עֲ ׂשָרָה דִבְרַ יָא, fathers, two are the tablets of months of birth, eight are the the covenant, One is our God in days of circumcision, seven are ְׁשל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, ִּת ְ ׁשעָ ה יַרְ חֵ י לֵדָ ה, ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵ י the heavens and the earth. the days of the week, six are אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה יְמֵ י ׁשַבָתָ א, ִׁש ָּׁשה Who knows eleven? I know the orders of the Mishnah, five עֲשָ ֹרָה אַחַ ד עָ ָרׂש מִי יֹודֵ עַ? אַחַ ד סִדְרֵ י מִ ְ ׁשנָה, חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵ ׁשי eleven: eleven are the stars, ten are the books of the Torah, four are the statements, nine are the are the mothers, three are the ָע ָרׂש אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ: אַחַ ד ָע ָ ׂשר כֹוכְ ַבּיָא, תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשל ָ ׁשה months of birth, eight are the fathers, two are the tablets of the עֲ ׂשָרָה דִבְרַ יָא, ִּת ְ ׁשעָ ה יַרְ חֵ י לֵדָ ה, אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָ ד days of circumcision, seven are covenant, One is our God in the the days of the week, six are heavens and the earth. ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵי מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה יְמֵ י אֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. the orders of the Mishnah, five ַ ׁשבָ תָ א , ִׁש ָ ּׁשה סִ דְ רֵ י ִמ ְ ׁש ָ נ ה , חֲ ִמ ָּׁש ה are the books of the Torah, four חּומְ ֵיׁש תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָּמהֹות, are the mothers, three are the fathers, two are the tablets of ְׁשל ָהׁש אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, the covenant, One is our God in אֶחָדאֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. .the heavens and the earth ְ ׁשנֵים עָ ָרׂש מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ְ ׁשנֵים עָ ָ ׂשר Who knows twelve? I know twelve: twelve are the tribes, אֲ נִי יֹודֵ עַ : ְ ׁשנֵים עָ ָ ׂשר ׁשִבְ טַ ָּיא, eleven are the stars, ten are the אַחַ ד עָ ָ ׂשר כֹוכְ בַ ָּיא, עֲ ׂשָרָה דִבְרַ יָא, statements, nine are the months of birth, eight are the days of ִּת ְ ׁשעָ ה יַרְ חֵ י לֵדָ ה, ְ ׁשמֹונָה יְמֵ י circumcision, seven are the days מִ ילָ ה, ׁשִבְעָ ה יְמֵ י ׁשַבָתָ א, ִׁש ָּׁשה of the week, six are the orders סִדְרֵ י מִ ְ ׁשנָה, חֲ מִ ָּׁשה חּומְ ֵ ׁשי of the Mishnah, five are the books of the Torah, four are the תֹורָה, אַרְ בַ ע אִ ָ ּמהֹות, ְׁשל ָ ׁשה ,mothers, three are the fathers אָ בֹות, ְ ׁשנֵי לֻחֹות הַבְרִ ית, אֶחָ ד two are the tablets of the covenant, One is our God in the אֱֹלהֵ ינּו ֶׁשבַ ּׁשָמַ יִם ּובָאָרֶ ץ. .heavens and the earth ְׁשל ָׁשה עֶ ָרׂש מִי יֹודֵ עַ ? ְׁשל ָ ׁשה Who knows thirteen? I know thirteen: thirteen are the - 70 - - 71 - חד גדיא חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא ְ ּדזַבִין אַבָא בִתְרֵ י גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. One kid (baby goat), one kid that Then came the schochet and my father bought for two zuz, slaughtered the bull, that drank זּוזֵי, חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. וְאָתָאהַׁשֹוחֵ ט וְ ׁש טָחַ לְתֹורָ א, one kid, one kid. the water, that extinguished the וְאָתָ אׁשּונְרָ א וְאָ כְלָה לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִ ין דְ ׁשָתָ ה לְ מַ ּיָא, דְ כָבָה לְנּורָ א, דְ ׂשָרַ ף Then came a cat and ate the kid fire, that burnt the stick, that hit that my father bought for two the dog, that bit the cat, that ate אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָה לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ַׁשְך zuz, one kid, one kid. the kid that my father bought for וְאָתָ א כַלְבָא וְ נָ ְַך ׁשלְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָ ה לְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָה לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָ א .Then came a dog and bit the cat, two zuz, one kid, one kid לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. that ate the kid that my father Then came the angel of death and bought for two zuz, one kid, one slaughtered the schochet, who גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. וְאָתָא מַ לְאָ ְך הַ ָ ּמוֶ ת וְ ָחַ ׁש טלְׁשֹוחֵ ט, kid. slaughtered the bull, that drank וְאָתָא חּוטְרָ א וְהִכָה לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ַ ׁשְך ְ ּד חַ ָ ׁש ט ת לְ ֹו רָ א , דְ ָ ׁשתָ ה לְ ַמ ָ ּיא , דְ כָ בָ ה Then came a stick and hit the the water, that extinguished the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the fire, that burnt the stick, that hit לְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָה לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָ א לְנּורָ א, דְ ׂש ףָרַ לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָ ה kid that my father bought for the dog, that bit the cat, that ate יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ְַך ׁשלְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָ ה two zuz, one kid, one kid. the kid that my father bought for וְאָתָא נּורָ א וְ ׂש ףָרַ לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָ ה לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד .Then came fire and burnt the two zuz, one kid, one kid stick, that hit the dog, that bit Then came the Holy One, blessed לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ְַך ׁשלְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָ ה גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. the cat, that ate the kid that my be He and slaughtered the angel לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד וְאָתָאהַקָדֹוׁש בָ רּוְך הּוא וְ ׁשָחַ ט father bought for two zuz, one of death, who slaughtered the גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. לְמַ לְאַ ְך הַ ָ ּמוֶ ת, ְּד ָחַ ׁש טלְׁשֹוחֵ ט, kid, one kid. schochet, who slaughtered the Then came water and bull, that drank the water, that וְאָתָ א מַ ָאּי וְכָבָה לְנּורָ א, דְ ׂשָרַ ף ְ ּד חַ ָ ׁש ט ת לְ ֹו רָ א , דְ ָ ׁשתָ ה לְ ַמ ָ ּיא , ְ ּדכָ בָ ה extinguished the fire, that burnt extinguished the fire, that burnt לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָה לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ַ ׁשְך לְנּורָ א, דְ ׂש ףָרַ לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָ ה the stick, that hit the dog, that the stick, that hit the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the kid that bit the cat, that ate the kid that לְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָה לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָ א לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ְַך ׁשלְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָ ה my father bought for two zuz, my father bought for two zuz, one יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד .one kid, one kid. kid, one kid וְאָתָא תֹורָ א וְ ׁשָתָ ה לְ מַ ּיָא, ְ ּדכָבָ ה גַדְ יָא, חַ ד גַדְ יָא. Then came a bull and drank the water, that extinguished the fire, לְנּורָ א, דְ ׂש ףָרַ לְחּוטְרָא, דְהִכָ ה that burnt the stick, that hit the לְכַלְבָא, דְ נָ ְַך ׁשלְׁשּונְרָא, דְאָ כְלָ ה dog, that bit the cat, that ate the kid that my father bought for לְגַדְ יָא, דְ זַבִין אַבָא יבִתְרֵ זּוזֵי. חַ ד .two zuz, one kid, one kid - 72 - - 73 -