DNADNA AnalyticaAnalytica SrlSrl Spin off of the University of Trieste (Italy)

CoffeeCoffee DNADNA andand allall thatthat……..

GiorgioGiorgio GraziosiGraziosi

DNA Analytica Srl 1 MER RRMER FFAA ERER MM SSUU ONN CCO

2 PRODUCERPRODUCER

Reduce stature

Resistance to pathogens

Resistance to hostile environment 3 CONSUMCONSUMEERR

good

bad caffeine

Quality of the beverage Low caffeine 4 Goals ot the Genetic Research

1. Identification of good agronomic traits Resistance to pests and diseases Flowering synchronization, Productivity and more

2. Identification of quality characteristics and more Cell wall thickness, solubility, bean uniformity

DNA Analytica Srl 5 GENES AND ENVIRONMENT quality is the result of the interaction Genes / Environment Environment: soil, rain, post harvesting, etc We cannot have a good coffee if we do not start from good genes and good plants

DNA Analytica Srl 6 Coffee Species identification

Arabica versus Robusta

DNA Analytica Srl 7 Coffee genetic composition

Robusta C.C. canephoracanephora C.C. eugenioideseugenioides 2222 chromosomeschromosomes 2222 chromosomeschromosomes 1.71.7 GbpGbp 1.71.7 GbpGbp Arabica CC.. arabicaarabica 4444 chromosomeschromosomes 3.23.2 GpbGpb

8 1 2 3 4 5 6

255 bp 230 bp

Agarose electrophoresis of a PCR fragment of the EST 18. Columns 1, 2, 3: C. arabica. Column 4: C. eugenioides. Column 5: C. canephora. Column 6: ladder.

DNA Analytica Srl 9 Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta

1. Small molecules analysis (until now) 2. DNA analysis (from now on)

The problem of Catimor and Sarcimor

DNA Analytica Srl 10 arabica Variety identification

DNA Analytica Srl 11 Genetic base ant quality (taste)

Granny Smith Golden Delicious

DNA Analytica Srl 12 Enviroment effect

Normal Granny Smith Suffered Granny Smith

DNA Analytica Srl 13 Rules governing varieties are the same for apple and for coffee.

1 Arabica caracolite 2 Arabica normale 3 Robusta normale 4 Arabica normale 5 Liberica normale

WE CANNOT HAVE A GOOD COFFE IF WE NOT START FROM A GOOD PLANT WITH GOOD GENES

DNA Analytica Srl 14 TheThe GeishaGeisha StoryStory

DNA Analytica Srl 15 PanamaPanama 20042004 ¾ TheThe HaciendaHacienda LaLa EsmeraldaEsmeralda atat BoqueteBoquete,, tastedtasted theirtheir coffeecoffee accordingaccording thethe differentdifferent fieldsfields

¾ DanielDaniel PPetersoneterson findsfinds thatthat thethe coffeecoffee comingcoming fromfrom JaramilloJaramillo waswas veryvery good,good, muchmuch betterbetter thanthan thethe otherother fields.fields.

¾ TheThe JaramilloJaramillo coffeecoffee waswas onlyonly oneone botanicalbotanical variety:variety: Geisha.Geisha.

DNA Analytica Srl 16 CommerciaCommercia historyhistory ofof EsmeraldaEsmeralda EspecialEspecial

••20042004 -- $21US$21US perper lblb ••20052005 -- $20US$20US perper lblb ••20062006 -- $50US$50US perper lblb ••20072007 -- $130US$130US perper lblb ••20082008 –– 229229 bagsbags forfor aboutabout $$ 400,000)400,000)

•• TheThe marketingmarketing ofof coffeecoffee byby thethe varietyvariety offersoffers advantagesadvantages toto thethe producerproducer asas wellwell asas toto thethe traderstraders andand roastersroasters (market(market diversification)diversification)

DNA Analytica Srl 17 TheThe sailingsailing bean!bean!

18 DNA Analytica Srl 19 5 2 R 8 2

1 2 1 1 o 2

1 1 b 1 5 3 7 3 1 1 u o1 o 1 c o 1 r o r 3 s r o 3 5 b a r o 3 a 2 3 t a a r o t a 3 o a ar o 1 g r ua g S g a r 3 u p g o

agaro1 1 a 9 a g 0 a r 3 L a g a o t u a c l b i a g a r o 1 1 a e 1 2 a g a r a r u o k 4 g o 1 7 M t 8 a a r u r u i 4 a ga 1 s a 1 t i a in v a g ro o E c a g a r 3 4 a iy a d o l v t 2 a g r 3 9 a e u e a ga o u Mo l a r 3 r r 5 l a g 2 p e 6 a o 3 0 c u k s a g r 2 a r k t a a ro 3 4 t p a g 1 u u a a ro P r r g a 5 ra a g ro1 b O 1 2 o P a ro 8 u F aga a 1 p re 6 g o 8 ca a d a ar 3 4 t c g o 1 c u as a ar 3 a rr g o 19 m tu a2 a ar 3 m u ai g ro un no 99 a a 1 6 do ac ag ro 9 n a a 2 1 ov ag ro ca o ga 2 tu a ro1 S ai ga 8 Varieties l L3 a ro2 aur 4 ga 10 ina a ro2 S sar 1 aga 9 uma ch1 ro2 traM aga 11 en aro2 sarc ag 1 3 h2 garo H a 1 18 K DT agaro inta 1 19 cati agaro American iapa 12 r59 agaro2 tupi agaro2 14 catimor agaro2 15 maragogype agaro1 4 Rwanda Bou agaro1 17 HDT –deriv. Tanzania agaro1 20 Bou Yel Br agaro2 2 Br a Mu Novo garo2 20 nt ag luemou aro2 21 B 23 ag KP4 aro2 2 w ag 2 Indian yello aro3 bou a ag 12 ypic aro t 2 ag 3 10 sln1 aro v ag 2 4 6re aro r2 ag 3 6 lau osa ar am a yi o2 Yirga ch’efè ar n5 rga 6 sl a ag 2 Br ar 2 o a ag o2 ov Br aro 1 N d 3 ag 7 Mu e ln a 2 1 uR s 9 ag ro 8 Bo ln a ar 2 3 s b ga o3 n5 aga r 3 sl 4 o3 Agaro ln yi r 2 s 3 a rg o 4 1 g a 1 a 5 a a 1 rg a g r 1 3 i g 7 a a o 9 y ir 1 g r 2 y a 4 a a o 1 g 2 3 g r 2 6 ir a a a o 2 9 g 1 y rg a a a ro 1 i a a g 1 y g a ro 2 ir g 14 3 E g 2 ir a r 1 2 y a a 7 a t o 3 y g a g h r 2 2 r g a 1 i o 4 r 2 a g a o 3 2 i g 0 a yi r 2 8 g a r p 4 y i a a g o 1 6 y a r 2 1 g o1 1 6 y g a 2 a a r 1 r a i g a a 1 E g r a r o i E 1 8 0 a g E g r g a 7 s r o 2 y i g t a 6 a 1 5 t 2 r r g h a a o l g 1 t 3 y i K h r i a 6 n 1 3 1 8 h r g 4 a r 3 1 i o i y a y r i 1 7 1 o o 3 7 i ic i r o 2 y a a g a 1 o 2 a o 3 y r p g p a p 5 g

g i p g 7 r 1 3 r y g r 2 2 y i r i t i 3 i r 4 2 1 1 y i y e y 4 y 3 1 7 y

5 DNA Analytica Srl Spin-off of the University of Trieste

Established 2011 Main field of activity : DNA analysis Coffee DNA

DNA Analytica Srl 21 Two patents:

1)Arabica/Robusta blends (%) 2) Arabica varieties identification

DNA Analytica Srl 22 1. Correspondence sample/bulk shipment

2. Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta

3. Origin Certification (data bank)

4. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO/nonGMO)

DNA Analytica Srl 23 24 Thank you for your attention 25