SEE SC Seea.S C

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SEE SC Seea.S C • SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS. / LEAGUE OF NATIONS. REGISTRY. Classement. Classement Dossier N°. POLITICAL. No £ / ( n y JJL- Expéditeur. Sujet. SEE SC wr crvvo ^ O j \XL c o ÜL v j z j l -. Date. L’USAGE DE CET EMPLACEMENT EST Re m e t t r e c e d o c u m e n t a — Re m e t t r e c e d o c u m e n t a D ate Date RÉSERVÉ AU REGISTRY. (En premier lieu). (En second lieu). Réponses, & c. (Out Letter Book) : — U f a i( p j^ ' f . j H EE SCKEMŒ W4TI1fN ^ © 1 ■' ‘"r - ’ >. 1'\ ’ -, I / L 0 \ o < r \K' Document ; N°. Copies envoyées pour information précédent U q -m g préalable à SEEa.s c . u/iihin Voir les dossiers:- Æ ic m A classer. SEE -SI w m i i h r Document ; suivant \ Prière d’inscrire les commentaires sur la feuille blanche à l’intérieur. Voir, pour Distribution (éventuelle), la feuille bleue à l’intérieur. 1135. - 10.000. - Bl.-Rob. - Vi-24. (T. S. V. P.) COMMENTAIRES. MINUTES. (Page 1) (772) PS5A/22PR2 10,000 JOSEPH MIR AULT CORRESPONDENT FOR ‘ÜHE "COURRIER HJ1ITIEN" 0%CAN OF NATIONAL “DEFENSE 108 W e s t I4lst S t r e e t KEW YORK CITY l Août,29,1926. / r 4 Secrétaire de la ligue des HATIONS s Genève, Suisse. Z Monsieur le Secrétaire: Par 1*autorisation du peuple Haitien,cLont je suis le représentant,ici,aux Etats Unis, g ’ai l ’honneur de vous écrire pour vous informer que depuis la prise de possession injustifiée de notre territoire par l ’Oncle Sam,dont 1 ’1mperialism n'est à l ’heure ac­ tuelle ignoré de personne,une politique de destruction systématique fut mise en vigueur dans l ’Ile. Ce même Oncle Sam, qui prétend faire l a morale du m o n d e , a commis et commet en ce moment même des actes tellement barbares, que, s’il était donné aux honnêtes Américains d ’en savoir quelque chose,ils se pendraient de honte. J’attire votre attention spéciale sur ce que l ’Oncle Sam choisit toujours ses victimes parmi les peuples faibles et sans défense. Nous ne doutons pas que la ligue des Nations,pour jus­ tifier sa raison d ’être,ne manquera pas d'élever la voix pour faire comprendre à ce moralisateur d’un genre nouveau que,Assassinat,In­ cendie, Pillage,ne sont pas l ’équivalent de Moralité. J’ai 1 ’honneur de vous envoyer sous pli séparé un exem­ plaire du discours de l ’Honorable Sénateur William H.King,sur 1 ’oc­ cupation d ’Haiti. J’ai 1 ’honneur d ’être,Monsieur le Secrétaire, Votre dévoué .serviteur. 53920 AMERICAN OCCUPATION OF HAITI The H aitian question is not one of dollars and cents or of trade and commerce ; it is one which relates to justice and international morality and the duty of a powerful Nation toward a weak and Aefenseless people. It involves principles touching the liberty and freedom of a people and the independence of what was once a sovereign State. IN I REG.! S TRY. I SPEECH 1-VSEM926 OF HON. WILLIAM H. KING OF UTAH IN TH E SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES WEDNESDAY, MAY 12 (LEGISLATIVE DAY OF MONDAY, MAY 10), 1926 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 ■ 4475—3068 SPEECH OP HON. WILLIAM H. KING In support of th e resolution (S. Bes. 202) c allin g fo r legislation for the removal of the m ilitary forces from Haiti and the restoration of the government of that country to the Haitian people, which had been sub­ m itted by Mr. King, April 5 (calendar day of April 16), 1926. Mr. KING. M r. President, several weeks ago I asked to have read to the Senate a statement which had been handed to me by Mr. Perceval Thoby, at one time th e chargé d’affaires, if not the minister, from Haiti to the United States. After it had been read, objection was made by the Senator from New York [Mr. W adsworth], I shall not go into the reasons of the objection, but merely say that during the discussion I stated that at a later date I should call the attention of the Senate to the salient parts of the article, and I also stated to the Senator from Nevada [Mr. Oddie] when he put into the R ecobd a report recently submitted by General Bussell that I should feel constrained to make some reply to the statements of General Russell and to discuss the situation in Haiti. Pur­ suant to that statem ent, I propose this m orning to discuss the Haitian question, and as preliminary to that, I ask that Sen­ ate Resolution 202, heretofore submitted by me, may be read 8.t tti6 desk The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the clerk will read the resolution. The Chief Clerk read the resolution (S. Res. 202), s u b m itte d b y M r. K in g A p r il 16, 1926, as follows : Whereas it is claimed that the following statement contains some of the important facts relating to Haiti and its occupation by military forces of the United States and also some of the important occurrences following such occupation, together with facts relating to existing con­ ditions in Haiti, which said statement is as follows, to wit : That the people of Haiti achieved their political independence in 1804 and established a republican form of government, under which the Haitian people controlled their political affairs without interruption or interference from foreign powers until the military seizure and occu­ pation of Haiti by the United States on July 28, 1915, which occupation has continued to this day without the consent of the Haitian people ; That there was no sufficient reason for the American occupation of Haiti, the disturbances in said country being purely of an internal character and in no wise affecting the lives and liberty of Americans or other foreigners ; That after the seizure of Haiti the admiral in charge of the Ameri­ can forces of occupation declared martial law and took control of the Government of the Haitian Republic, interfering in the election of the President of Haiti in August, 1915, and exerting military pressure «and other influence, which resulted in the election of Dartiguenave as President of H aiti ; That the United States presented to said Dartiguenave and to the National Assembly of Haiti, consisting of two legislative bodies pro- 4475—3068 3 vlded in the constitution of Haiti, a proposed convention giving to the United States control of the revenues, police, public works, and sanitary administration of Haiti, which convention the national assembly was unwilling to ratify, whereupon the admiral in command of said Ameri­ can forces cut off the salaries of the opposing members of the assembly and announced that if the tendered treaty was not ratified the United States “ has the intention to retain control of Haiti until the desired end is accomplished, and that it will forthwith prôceed with the com­ plete pacification of Haiti,” under pressure of which threat the national assembly accepted sucli convention, which had been signed on the 16th day of September, 1915 ; That a new National Assembly of Haiti was elected in 1916, and upon the convening of the same the United States presented to said assembly a proposed new constitution for Haiti, whereby the provisions of the then Haitian constitution which forbade foreigners and foreign cor­ porations from owning Haitian lands were substituted by provisions which authorized the holding of Haitian lands by foreigners and foreign corporations, and made other changes in the constitution, all of which, and particularly the provisions permitting the holding of lands by for! eigners, were not acceptable to the National Assembly of Haiti, which refused to accept such new constitution, whereupon the military forces of the United States summarily and arbitrarily dissolved the national assembly, took forcible possession of the legislative chambers, and locked the same against members of the assembly, and when the houses of the assembly met in other places they were summarily and forcibly dis­ persed by American m ilita ry power ; That thereupon an election was called for the alleged purpose of having said new constitution submitted to the people for ratification ; that there was in fact no election or true expression of the people; that a few votes were cast under the supervision and control of the military forces of the United States and conditions and circumstances which clearly indicated that the wishes of the people of Haiti were not expressed and that said new constitution was not in fact ratified by the people ; That upon the dissolution of said national assembly said Dar- tiguenaye, by dictatorial decree, set up a so-called council of state, appointing all the members thereof, which was an extraconstitutional and illegal body and w hich usurped and attem pted to take over and exercise the legislative powers of the National Assembly of Haiti, and it has continued from that time until the present to exercise said usurpatory authority in defiance of the will and desire of the people of Haiti ; That the term of office of said Dartiguenave expired August 12, 1922, and thereupon, as it is claimed, the United States selected Louis Borno to be his successor ; that said council of state had no power or authority to act in the premises, but the members of said illegal organization, with the support and under the direction of the American military occupation, pretended to elect as President of Haiti said Louis Borno, although said Borno was not eligible for the Presidency of the Haitian Republic because he is not a son of a Haitian citizen, as prescribed by the constitution of Haiti ; That under the new constitution of Haiti, as well as the void and unratified constitution, the two legislative bodies of the Haitian Government were empowered to meet as a national assembly and to elect, at the time designated in said old constitution as well as tat the time provided in said new constitution, the President of
Recommended publications
  • Black Citizenship, Black Sovereignty: the Haitian Emigration Movement and Black American Politics, 1804-1865
    Black Citizenship, Black Sovereignty: The Haitian Emigration Movement and Black American Politics, 1804-1865 Alexander Campbell History Honors Thesis April 19, 2010 Advisor: Françoise Hamlin 2 Table of Contents Timeline 5 Introduction 7 Chapter I: Race, Nation, and Emigration in the Atlantic World 17 Chapter II: The Beginnings of Black Emigration to Haiti 35 Chapter III: Black Nationalism and Black Abolitionism in Antebellum America 55 Chapter IV: The Return to Emigration and the Prospect of Citizenship 75 Epilogue 97 Bibliography 103 3 4 Timeline 1791 Slave rebellion begins Haitian Revolution 1831 Nat Turner rebellion, Virginia 1804 Independent Republic of Haiti declared, Radical abolitionist paper The Liberator with Jean-Jacques Dessalines as President begins publication 1805 First Constitution of Haiti Written 1836 U.S. Congress passes “gag rule,” blocking petitions against slavery 1806 Dessalines Assassinated; Haiti divided into Kingdom of Haiti in the North, Republic of 1838 Haitian recognition brought to U.S. House Haiti in the South. of Representatives, fails 1808 United States Congress abolishes U.S. 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer deposed in coup, political Atlantic slave trade chaos follows in Haiti 1811 Paul Cuffe makes first voyage to Africa 1846 Liberia, colony of American Colonization Society, granted independence 1816 American Colonization Society founded 1847 General Faustin Soulouque gains power in 1817 Paul Cuffe dies Haiti, provides stability 1818 Prince Saunders tours U.S. with his 1850 Fugitive Slave Act passes U.S. Congress published book about Haiti Jean-Pierre Boyer becomes President of 1854 Martin Delany holds National Emigration Republic of Haiti Convention Mutiny of the Holkar 1855 James T.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Haiti
    Coor din ates: 1 9 °00′N 7 2 °2 5 ′W Haiti Haiti (/ heɪti/ ( listen); French: Haïti [a.iti]; Haitian ˈ Republic of Haiti Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (French: République d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik République d'Haïti (French) [8] [note 1] Ayiti) and formerly called Hayti, is a Repiblik Ayiti (Haitian Creole) sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic.[11][12] Haiti is 27 ,7 50 square kilometres (10,7 14 sq mi) in Flag Coat of arms size and has an estimated 10.8 million people,[4] making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Motto: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" (French)[1] Community (CARICOM) and the second-most "Libète, Egalite, Fratènite" (Haitian Creole) populous country in the Caribbean as a whole. The "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Motto on traditional coat of arms: Taíno people. Spain landed on the island on 5 "L'union fait la force" (French) [2] December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher "Inite se fòs" (Haitian Creole) Columbus across the Atlantic. When Columbus "Union makes strength" initially landed in Haiti, he had thought he had found Anthem: La Dessalinienne (French) [13] India or China. On Christmas Day 1492, Columbus' Desalinyèn (Haitian Creole) flagship the Santa Maria ran aground north of what is "The Dessalines Song" 0:00 MENU now Limonade.[14][15][16][17] As a consequence, Columbus ordered his men to salvage what they could from the ship, and he created the first European settlement in the Americas, naming it La Navidad after the day the ship was destroyed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bill Analysis and Fiscal Impact Statement
    The Florida Senate BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT (This document is based on the provisions contained in the legislation as of the latest date listed below.) Prepared By: The Professional Staff of the Committee on Governmental Oversight and Accountability BILL: SM 974 INTRODUCER: Senator Pizzo SUBJECT: Jean-Jacques Dessalines Day DATE: January 17, 2020 REVISED: ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR REFERENCE ACTION 1. Hackett McVaney GO Favorable 2. JU 3. RC I. Summary: SM 974 is a memorial to the Congress of the United States urging Congress to recognize October 17 as Jean-Jacques Dessalines Day. A memorial is not subject to the approval or veto powers of the Governor, is not subject to constitutional title requirements, and does not have the effect of law. II. Present Situation: Jean-Jacques Dessalines Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758-1806) was an important military and political leader during the Haitian revolution and the first president and emperor of Haiti following their independence in 1804. Under Dessalines, Haiti became the first new-world country to permanently abolish slavery. During the Haitian Revolution1 Born into slavery2, Dessalines was a field hand until he joined a massive slave rebellion in 1791 that would sprawl into the Haitian revolution. Dessalines joined the local rebellion military and 1 See throughout Encyclopedia Brittanica, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques- Dessalines (last visited December 27, 2019); Biography, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, March 16, 2015 (Updated June 18, 2019), https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jean-jacques-dessalines (last accessed January 15, 2020); The Louverture Project, Jean Jacques Dessalines, https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Dessalines (last visited December 27, 2019); Brown Library, Haitian Independence, https://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/11.html (last visited December 27, 2019); Girard, Philippe R.
    [Show full text]
  • CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS—OCT. 6, 1988 102 STAT. 4909 ENROLLMENT CORRECTIONS—H.J. RES. 602 [S^N^R^Us] HAITI—DEMOCRATIC and EC
    CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS—OCT. 6, 1988 102 STAT. 4909 ENROLLMENT CORRECTIONS—H.J. RES. 602 [s^n^R^us] Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That, in the enrollment of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 602) in support of the restoration of a free and independent Cambodia and the protection of the Cambodian people from a return to power by the genocidal Khmer Rouge, the Clerk of the House of Representa­ tives shall make the following corrections: (a) In subsection (2)— Ante, p. 2505. (1) strike out "in the context of a negotiated settlement"; and (2) strike out "in the context of a negotiated settlement,". (b) In subsection (10)— Ante, p. 2506. (1) strike out "immediately"; and (2) strike out "support and sanctuary" and insert: "assist- Biice". Agreed to October 4, 1988. HAITI—DEMOCRATIC AND ECONOMIC REFORMS [g.con.RrL] Whereas 29 years of repressive Duvalier rule came to end on February 7, 1986, when the Haitian people sent President-For-Life Jean-Claude Duvalier into exile; Whereas a National Governing Council, a military-dominated provi­ sional junta appointed by Duvalier prior to his departure and headed by General Henri Namphy, was named to govern the country and announced a plan to form a Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution; Whereas on March 29, 1987, an overwhelming majority of Haitian voters (98.99 percent) approved the new constitution calling for the creation of a Provisional Electoral Council to draft an Electoral Law and oversee presidential and municipal elections; Whereas on November 29,
    [Show full text]
  • Haiti President’S Assassination
    Haiti President’s assassination July 12, 2021 In news- Haiti’s interim government has asked the US to deploy troops to protect key infrastructure in the aftermath of President Jovenel Moise’s assassination. About Haiti- Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It lies to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and the most populous country in the Caribbean. The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, who originated in South America. The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, who initially believed he had found India or China. He subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain and named La Espanola, forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. The western portion of the island was ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue. French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa. In the midst of the French Revolution (1789–99), slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte’s forces were defeated by Louverture’s successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti’s sovereignty on 1 January 1804.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Trajectory of Judicial Reform in Haiti
    \\jciprod01\productn\I\IAL\44-1\IAL102.txt unknown Seq: 1 22-OCT-13 13:06 1 ARTICLES All Judicial Politics Are Local: The Political Trajectory of Judicial Reform in Haiti Louis-Alexandre Berg* I. INTRODUCTION In January, 2012, the Haitian justice system produced two significant but seemingly contradictory decisions. The first came on January 19 at the end of a highly publicized trial of police officers and prison guards. Eight officers were convicted of using unreasonable force in firing on inmates during a prison riot in the city of Les Cayes, soon after the massive earthquake that shook Haiti in January 2010. The court’s decision was hailed as a “landmark moment for Haitian justice,” and seen as an encourag- ing sign that the Haitian judiciary was asserting a newfound cred- ibility in holding senior law enforcement officials accountable for human rights abuses.1 Less than two weeks later, on January 27, an investigative judge dropped all charges against Jean-Claude Duvalier, the former president of Haiti accused of crimes against humanity, financial crimes, and embezzlement of public funds during his fifteen year reign from 1971 to 1986. For many human rights activists, as shocking as the decision itself was the judge’s total disregard for Haiti’s commitments under international law in ignoring well-established precedents that no statute of limita- tion can be applied to gross human rights violations.2 The deci- sion was widely perceived as evidence of continued interference in judicial decisions by an executive branch friendly to the former * Georgetown University 1. Deborah Santag & Walt Bogdanich, 8 Guilty for Prison Massacre in Rare Trial of Haiti’s Police, N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaisary 1801 Not Copy-Edited
    PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERMISSION Forthcoming in Atlantic Studies (Winter 2015, Vol. 12. No. 4) “Hercules, the Hydra, and the 1801 Constitution of Toussaint Louverture” By Philip Kaisary* Abstract: This article considers the 1801 Constitution of Saint-Domingue, which was promulgated on July 7, 1801, by the celebrated leader of the Haitian Revolution, Toussaint Louverture. It argues that this complex and contradictory constitution, which codified the universal right to freedom from enslavement but maintained the plantation system, should be regarded as a paradigmatic document of both the Age of Revolutions and the Black Atlantic. In particular, it is argued that the 1801 Constitution of Saint-Domingue can be productively considered in the light of Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker’s now canonical work of Atlantic history from below, The Many-Headed Hydra. The application of Linebaugh and Rediker’s analytical frame of ‘Hercules’ and the ‘Hydra’ to Toussaint’s Constitution reveals the presence of both radical emancipatory and antidemocratic currents within the Haitian Revolution. The historical context is described and this reveals the 1801 Constitution to be a product of acutely oppositional influences at a particular juncture of the Haitian Revolution. While the 1801 Constitution bears the influence of the ‘proletarian hydra’ – its unequivocal abolition of slavery codified in law the revolutionary * Assistant Professor of Law, University of Warwick, School of Law, Coventry, UK. <[email protected]> 1 PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERMISSION masses’ key demand – it also bears the interests of colonial Atlantic World capital. A critical reading of the Constitution’s contradictory nature thus suggests that it is a text that should be read circumstantially within the context of the political economy of the early nineteenth century Atlantic World but also as a text that reminds us of the existence of a grassroots ideological radicalism in the Haitian Revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Writing Race in Haiti's Constitutions: Synecdoche And
    ABSTRACT Writing Race in Haiti’s Constitutions: Synecdoche and Negritude in Post-Revolutionary Haiti Scott Koslow, M.A. Mentor: Scott Varda, Ph.D. All political universals rely on a synecdoche in which a part of the population is taken to represent the whole. Modernity is characterized by a white supremacist synecdoche that selects the white portion of a population to stand in for the whole population. Haiti’s early constitutions invert this synecdoche, picking out the black population as representative of the whole. This thesis analyzes Haiti’s 1805, 1806, 1807, and 1816 Constitutions for this synecdochal inversion. These synecdoches rearticulate Modernity in a way that frustrates Modernity’s white supremacist foundation. Because of this, Haiti’s early constitutions are rich resources for negritude. Copyright © 2015 by Scott Koslow All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction, Literature Review, and Methods ............................................................... 1 The Silence on Haiti .................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 7 Review of Haitian Constitutional Literature ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Haiti: a Failed State? Democratic Process and OAS Intervention Annabelle L
    \\jciprod01\productn\I\IAL\44-1\IAL104.txt unknown Seq: 1 4-NOV-13 7:18 113 Haiti: A Failed State? Democratic Process and OAS Intervention Annabelle L. Torgman* Politics is not a dirty necessity; it is a moral activity that can be corrupted, and the collective corruption of the minds of political actors leads to the failure of the state. –Zephyr Teachout.1 I. INTRODUCTION Graham Greene, in response to criticism of his novel, “Les Comedians,” openly admitted that he was not concerned about the authenticity of his characters so long as Haiti, Doctor Duvaliar, and the Tontons Macoute, were “real enough.”2 The novel, set in a Port-au-Prince hotel in the 1960s, portrays both the island’s unique and vibrant culture, and simultaneously, its political unrest. Fifty years after the novel’s first publication, Haiti has yet to progress much beyond the country depicted in those pages. The 2010 earthquake destroyed the landmarks the novel described, and the power of the Tontons, Macoutes, and Duvaliers has dissi- pated; the gangs of Cit´e Soleil, however, still roam the capital’s streets, and violence remains a steady presence in the everyday lives of Haitians.3 Haiti’s future—though uncertain—relies heav- ily on the Organization of American States (“OAS”) involvement and its continued provision of foreign aid. The island nation faced a massive cholera outbreak in 2010, following the devastating earthquake that decimated many popu- lated areas. At most recent count, approximately 6,500 Haitians have been killed by the water-borne disease.4 Many Haitians * J.D., Magna Cum Laude from the University of Miami School of Law, May 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Haitians: a People on the Move. Haitian Cultural Heritage Resource Guide
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 416 263 UD 032 123 AUTHOR Bernard, Marie Jose; Damas, Christine; Dejoie, Menes; Duval, Joubert; Duval, Micheline; Fouche, Marie; Marcellus, Marie Jose; Paul, Cauvin TITLE Haitians: A People on the Move. Haitian Cultural Heritage Resource Guide. INSTITUTION New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Bilingual Education. ISBN ISBN-1-55839-416-8 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 176p. AVAILABLE FROM Office of Instructional Publications, 131 Livingston Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201. PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Cultural Awareness; Cultural Background; Diversity (Student); Ethnic Groups; Foreign Countries; Haitian Creole; *Haitians; History; *Immigrants; Inservice Teacher Education; *Multicultural Education; Resource Materials; Teaching Guides; Teaching Methods; Urban Schools; *Urban Youth IDENTIFIERS Haiti; New York City Board of Education ABSTRACT This cultural heritage resource guide has been prepared as a tool for teachers to help them understand the cultural heritage of their Haitian students, their families, and their communities in order to serve them better. Although Haiti became an independent country in 1804, the struggle of its people for justice and freedom has never ended. Many Haitians have left Haiti for political, social, and economic reasons, and many have come to the larger cities of the United States, particularly New York City. This guide contains the following sections: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Haiti at a Glance"; (3) "In Search of a Better Life";(4) "Haitian History"; (5) "Haitian Culture"; (6) "Images of Haiti"; and (7)"Bibliography," a 23-item list of works for further reading. (SLD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • 1987 CONSTITUTION of HAITI ---PREAMBLE the Haitian People Proclaim This Constitution In
    1987 CONSTITUTION OF HAITI ------------------------------------------- PREAMBLE The Haitian people proclaim this constitution in order to: Ensure their inalienable and imprescriptible rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; in conformity with the Act of Independence of 1804 and the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1948. Constitute a socially just, economically free, and politically independent Haitian nation. Establish a strong and stable State, capable of protecting the country's values, traditions, sovereignty, independence and national vision. Implant democracy, which entails ideological pluralism and political rotation and affirm the inviolable rights of the Haitian people. Strengthen national unity by eliminating all discrimination between the urban and rural populations, by accepting the community of languages and culture and by recognizing the right to progress, information, education, health, employment and leisure for all citizens. Ensure the separation and the harmonious distribution of the powers of the State at the service of the fundamental interests and priorities of the Nation. Set up a system of government based on fundamental liberties, and the respect for human rights, social peace, economic equity, concerted action and participation of all the people in major decisions affecting the life of a nation, through effective decentralization. TITLE I The Republic of Haiti Its emblem and its symbols CHAPTER I The Republic of Haiti FIRST ARTICLE: Haiti is an indivisible, sovereign, independent, cooperatist, free, democratic and social republic. FIRST ARTICLE-1: The city of Port-au-Prince is the capital and the seat of government. This seat may be moved elsewhere for reasons of force majeure. ARTICLE 2: The national colors shall be blue and red.
    [Show full text]
  • Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments Through 2012
    PDF generated: 24 Sep 2013, 16:09 constituteproject.org Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 24 Sep 2013, 16:09 preamble :The Haitian people proclaim this Constitution To guarantee their inalienable and imprescriptible rights to life, to liberty and to the pursuit of happiness; in accordance with their Act of Independence of 1804 and with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1948. To constitute a Haitian nation, socially just, economically free, and politically independent. To establish a State stable and strong, capable of protecting the values, the traditions, the sovereignty, the independence and the national vision. To implant democracy which implies ideological pluralism and political alternation and to affirm the inviolable rights of the Haitian People. To fortify the national unity, eliminating all discrimination between the populations, of the towns and of the countryside, by the acceptance of the community of languages and of culture and by the recognition of the right to progress, to information, to education, to health, to work and to leisure for all citizens [masculine] and citizens [feminine]. To assure the separation, and the harmonious division of the powers of the State to the service of the fundamental interests and priorities of the Nation. To establish a governmental regime based on the fundamental liberties and the respect for human rights, the social peace, economic equity, the equity of gender, the concerted action and the participation of all the population in the grand decisions engaging the national life, by an effective decentralization.
    [Show full text]