A Distopia Como Aceno a Uma Estética Do Lapso Em Canções Do Radiohead

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A Distopia Como Aceno a Uma Estética Do Lapso Em Canções Do Radiohead UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS ESCOLA DE MÚSICA PEDRO HENRIQUE DUTRA MARTINS ROCHA ELIAS A distopia como aceno a uma estética do lapso em canções do Radiohead BELO HORIZONTE 2019 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS ESCOLA DE MÚSICA PEDRO HENRIQUE DUTRA MARTINS ROCHA ELIAS A distopia como aceno a uma estética do lapso em canções do Radiohead Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Música da Escola de Música da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Música. Linha de pesquisa: Música e Cultura Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flavio Terrigno Barbeitas BELO HORIZONTE 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Dedico este estudo à minha mãe, Marisa, por tornar pequenas e vazias as palavras com que eu procurasse expressar minha gratidão. Não sei a quem agradecer pela oportunidade de ter conhecido, amado e me inspirado em minha avó, Nilza. Agradeço, então, a ela por ter existido e me encontrado. Ao André, meu irmão, na relação de espelhamento mútuo que mantemos. À Carla, pequena companheira de todas as horas, incansável em me confortar e amparar no dizível e indizível. Agradeço também ao meu avô, João, e às minhas tias, TKK e Denise, pelos incontáveis gestos de afetuoso incentivo. Ao meu orientador, Flavio Barbeitas, pelo instigante e prazeroso período de convivência e parceria intelectual. Ao meu amigo Gerdson Mourão, por me conduzir no elo da música que nos une. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música da UFMG, pelo espaço para desenvolver minhas competências com autonomia. Aos secretários do Programa, Alan e Geralda, cuja generosidade me dispensou de preocupações laterais durante o doutorado. À banca examinadora, pela disponibilidade e gentileza de contribuir com esta empreitada. À UFMG, extensivo aos servidores que tornam a universidade possível, pelos doze anos de formação que respondem em grande medida por quem sou. Aos desenvolvedores das plataformas MuseScore e Library Genesis, pelo suporte operacional desinteressado. Finalmente, à CAPES, pelo financiamento da pesquisa. v RESUMO Este estudo investiga representações da distopia em canções do grupo inglês Radiohead, com atenção a instantes de transcendência enfocados à luz de uma estética do lapso. As análises descrevem trajeto cronologicamente linear no repertório, iniciando pela canção “Fake Plastic Trees”, localizada no disco The Bends (1995), e seguindo com os álbuns subsequentes OK Computer (1997) e Kid A (2000). Esses momentos são concatenados por um fio conceitual: enquanto “Fake Plastic Trees” contém um embrião do sentimento distópico, comprimido em formato radiofônico, OK Computer apresenta um panorama de vícios contemporâneos, cuja percepção entre protagonistas distintos redunda em desorientação e melancolia; enfim, Kid A transfere os termos do conflito à trama musical, perfazendo metáfora da reificação na impossibilidade de articulação do sujeito no espaço de criação. O enfoque em lapsos de transcendência, a despeito das limitações inerentes à normalização da indústria cultural, fundamenta-se em releitura de categorias filosóficas tradicionais, notadamente entre obras de Theodor Adorno. Em preparação do terreno em que acontecem as análises, o repertório do Radiohead é colocado entre duas narrativas centrais: uma relacionada às formas musicais, a evolução do rock’n’roll ao art rock; outra com interesse no modelo de representação, num panorama da distopia, da origem na literatura a reconfigurações em linguagens como cinema e música. Palavras-chave: Radiohead. Distopia. Estética. Canção. vi ABSTRACT This study investigates depictions of dystopia in songs by the English group Radiohead, in attention to instants of transcendence approached in light of a lapse aesthetics. The analyses constitute a chronologically linear path in the repertoire, starting with the song “Fake Plastic Trees”, from the album The Bends (1995), followed by the subsequent albums OK Computer (1997) and Kid A (2000). These moments are connected by a conceptual thread: while “Fake Plastic Trees” contains the germ of a dystopian sentiment, compressed under the radiophonic format, OK Computer shows a broad picture of contemporary vices whose awareness between different protagonists results in disorientation and melancoly; finally, Kid A transfers the terms of this conflict to the musical interplay, creating a metaphor of reification in the impossibility of articulating the subject in the space of creation. The focus in lapses of transcendence, in spite of the limitations inherent to the culture industry, is grounded in a review of traditional philosophical categories, particularly among the writings of Theodor Adorno. In preparation of the ground where the analyses take place, Radiohead’s repertoire is placed between two core narratives: one related to musical form, the evolution from rock’n’roll to art rock; the other, dedicated to the pattern of representation, with an overview of dystopia from the origins in literature to reconfigurations in languages such as cinema and music. Keywords: Radiohead. Dystopia. Aesthetics. Song. vii SUMÁRIO Introdução .................................................................................................................................. ix 1. U(dis)topias críticas .............................................................................................................. 14 a. Do algo musical e suas narrativas .......................................................................... 21 b. Estética e outras estéticas ....................................................................................... 37 c. Adorno: caminhos para releitura ............................................................................ 51 d. Em direção a uma estética do lapso ....................................................................... 64 2. Breve história dos maus-lugares ........................................................................................... 76 a. Premissas literárias ................................................................................................. 81 b. Vitalidade e elaboração: rock’n’roll e art-rock...................................................... 98 c. Representações da distopia no Radiohead ........................................................... 108 3. Sobre flores de plástico....................................................................................................... 124 a. Aspectos da canção .............................................................................................. 132 b. Fake Plastic Trees e o Admirável Mundo Novo ................................................... 142 4. Limites humanos e alteridades robôs.................................................................................. 153 a. OK Computer: panorama de uma advertência ..................................................... 158 b. Kid A: uma distopia musical ................................................................................ 184 Conclusão ............................................................................................................................... 206 Bibliografia ............................................................................................................................. 208 viii LISTA DE EXEMPLOS Exemplo 1. “Airbag”: reivenção em prosa. .............................................................................. 79 Exemplo 2. “Fake Plastic Trees”: versos. .............................................................................. 132 Exemplo 3. “Fake Plastic Trees”: sequência das estrofes. ..................................................... 134 Exemplo 4. “Fake Plastic Trees”: sequência dos refrões. ...................................................... 134 Exemplo 5. “Fake Plastic Trees”: movimento descendente dos baixos na sequência das estrofes. ................................................................................................................................... 135 Exemplo 6. “Fake Plastic Trees”: transição para a terceira parte (2:30-2:40). ...................... 139 Exemplo 7. “Airbag”: introdução (guitarras). ........................................................................ 165 Exemplo 8. “Airbag”: sequência de acordes (estrofes e refrão). ............................................ 167 Exemplo 9. “Airbag”: estrutura. ............................................................................................. 169 Exemplo 10. “Paranoid Android”: Primeira parte. ................................................................. 171 Exemplo 11. “Paranoid Android”: baixos da abertura. .......................................................... 172 Exemplo 12. “Paranoid Android”: segunda parte. ................................................................. 173 Exemplo 13. “Paranoid Android”: segunda parte, solo de guitarra........................................ 173 Exemplo 14. “Paranoid Android”: terceira parte.................................................................... 174 Exemplo 15. “Paranoid Android”: terceira parte, harmonia. ................................................. 174 Exemplo 16. “Exit Music (For a Film)”: refrão. .................................................................... 176 Exemplo 17. “Exit Music (For a Film)”: terceira estrofe. ...................................................... 177 Exemplo 18. “No Surprises”: versos. ..................................................................................... 179 Exemplo 19. “No Surprises”: primeira estrofe,
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