Geological Society of America Memoir 185

Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America

In Memory of William Culp Darrah

Edited by

Paul C. Lyons U.S. Geological Survey MS 956, National Center Reston, Virginia 22092

Elsie Darrah Morey Morey Paleobotanical Laboratory 1729 Christopher Lane Norristown, Pennsylvania 19403

and

Robert H. Wagner Jardi'n Botanico de Cordoba Avenida de Linneo, s/n 14004 Cordoba, Spain

1995 Contents

Foreword vii

Photographs of Contributors xiii

/. William Culp Darrah (1909-1989): A Portrait 1 Elsie Darrah Morey and Paul C. Lyons

2. William C. Darrah's European Experience in 1935: Paleobotanical Connections and Stratigraphic Controversies 23 Elsie Darrah Morey

3. Correspondence and Plant-Fossil Exchanges Between William C. Darrah and European Paleobotanists, 1932-1951 35 Elsie Darrah Morey and Paul C. Lyons

4. History of Significant Collections of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Plant Fossils in Museums of the United States 59 Elsie Darrah Morey and Richard L. Leary PORTRAITS OF SELECTED EUROPEAN PALEOBOTANISTS 5. Wilhelmus Josephus Jongmans (1878-1957): Paleobotanist, Carboniferous Stratigrapher, and Floral Biogeographer 75 Robert.H. Wagner and H. W. J. van Amerom

6. Walther Gothan (1879-1954): Botanist, Geologist, and Teacher 91 Winfried Remy, Renate Remy, and Wolfgang Hartung

7. PaulBertrand (1879-1944): French Paleobotanist 99 Jean-Pierre Laveine

8. Carl Rudolf Florin (1894-1965): A Pioneer in Fossil-Conifer Studies 119 Elsie Darrah Morey

9. Marie Stopes (1880-1958): The American Connection 127 W. G. Chaloner

hi iv Contents

PORTRAITS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN PALEOBOTANISTS

10. David White (1862-1935): American Paleobotanist and Geologist 135 Paul C. Lyons and Elsie Darrah Morey

11. Reinhardt Thiessen (1867-1938): Pioneering Coal Petrologist and Stratigraphic Palynologist 149 Paul C. Lyons, with personal recollections by Marlies Teichmiiller

12. Elias Howard Sellards (1875-1961): Paleontologist, Geologist, and Anthropologist 163 Elsie Darrah Morey and Alicia Lesnikowska

13. Maxim Konrad Elias (1889-1982) 169 Alicia Lesnikowska

14. Adolf Carl Noe (1873-1939): Pioneer in North American Coal-Ball Studies 175 Elsie Darrah Morey and Paul C. Lyons

15. Fredda Doris Reed (1894-1988): Educator and Paleobotanist 183 Thomas N. Taylor

16. Walter Andrew Bell (1889-1969): Canadian Paleobotanist and Earth Scientist 187 Erwin L. Zodrow

17. James Morton Schopf (1911-1978): Paleobotanist, Palynologist, and Coal Geologist 203 Aureal T. Cross, Robert M. Kosanke, and Tom L. Phillips

18. Chester A. Arnold (1901-1977): Portrait of an American Paleobotanist 215 Richard A. Scott

19. Charles Brian Read (1907-1979): American Paleobotanist and Geologist 225 Sergius H. Mamay, Sidney R. Ash, and Paul C. Lyons

20. Leonard Richard Wilson (1906- ): Palynologist, Paleobotanist, and Geologist 237 Robert M. Kosanke and Aureal T. Cross

21. Henry Nathaniel Andrews, Jr. (1910- ): Paleobotanist, Educator, and Explorer 245 Tom L. Phillips and Patricia G. Gensel

THE AMATEUR COLLECTORS

22. Frederick Oliver Thompson (1883-1953): Amateur Collector and Patron of Paleobotany 255 Elsie Darrah Morey

23. George Langford, Sr. (1876-1964): Amateur Paleobotanist and Inventor 267 Richard L. Leary

24. John Edward Jones (1883-1957): Pioneer in Coal-Mining Safety and Generous Collector of Fossil Plants and Animals 273 Michael D. Henderson Contents

SPECIAL PAPERS REFLECTING W. C. DARRAH'S INTEREST OR INFLUENCE

25. Early to Mid-Twentieth Century Floral Zonation Schemes of the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) of North America and Correlations with the Late Carboniferous of Europe 277 Paul C. Lyons and Erwin L. Zodrow

26. The Stephanian of North America: Early 1900s Controversies and Problems 293 Paul C. Lyons and Robert H. Wagner

27. Early and Mid-Twentieth Century Coal-Ball Studies in North America 315 Tom L. Phillips and Aureal T. Cross

28. Taphonomic and Sedimentologic Characterization of Roof-Shale Floras 341 Robert A. Gastaldo, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, and William A. DiMichele

29. History and Development of Carboniferous Palynology in North America During the Early and Middle Twentieth Century 353 Aureal T. Cross and Robert M. Kosanke

Name Index 389

Taxa Index 399